484:) of the Geats, Thorvid. However, the Geats were lightly clothed, "as is always the case with the Geats", while Harald's troops were more numerous and better equipped. The Geatic law-speaker lost his head and took to his heels before the battle had begun. In the fight that followed, Håkon's troops were defeated with losses. Nevertheless, Harald did not push his advantage further, but returned to the lake shore with his men. The end of the expedition was inauspicious. Part of Harald's troops were led into a trap, ambushed and massacred by Håkon's men. As the Norwegians sailed down the Göta älv, some more were killed by Geatic archers. In the following year 1066 Harald Hardrada undertook his
469:. The worried Stenkil arranged a meeting with King Sweyn and asked for his support. Sweyn replied that he could not break the recent peace treaty, but advised Stenkil to appoint the valiant Håkon Jarl as sub-ruler of Västergötland, from where he could confront King Harald. This was arranged, and Håkon assembled men from Denmark as well as from the two Geatic provinces. He spoke to his troops at an assembly, where he self-assuredly said: "Even though I have a lesser title than King Stenkil, it may be that I will be of no less assistance, for he is used to an easy life, while I am accostumed to battles and hard conditions".
600:í Svíaríki ok kynstórr; móðir hans hét Ástríðr, dóttir Njáls Finnssonar ins skjálga af Hálogalandi, en faðir hans var Rögnvaldr inn gamli. Steinkell var fyrst jarl í Svíþjóð, en eptir dauða Eymundar konungs tóku Svíar hann til konungs. Þá gekk konungdómr ór langfeðgaætt í Svíþjóð inna fornu konunga. Steinkell var mikill höfðingi. Hann átti dóttur Eymundar konungs. Hann varð sóttdauðr í Svíþjóð nær því, er Haraldr konungr fell á Englandi. Ingi hét sonr Steinkels, er Svíar tóku til konungs næst eptir Hákon.
155:
397:
that they should proceed to raze or burn down the temple. This, they hoped, would have the effect of pushing the population into conversion. However, Stenkil apprehended that the people in the area resented the aim of the bishops, and managed to talk them out of the project. As he argued, the bishops
310:
of one thing: we shall behave gallantly against these
Northmen, if they attack us; but if our young people give way, and should not stand to it, let us not run farther than to that stream; but if they should give way farther, which I am sure they will not do, let it not be farther than to that hill."
309:
The lagman of the
Gautland people, Thorvid, sat upon a horse, and the bridle was fastened to a stake that stood in the mire. He broke out with these words: "God knows we have many brave and handsome fellows here, and we shall let King Steinkel hear that we stood by the good earl bravely. I am sure
355:
as its new bishop. Emund died shortly after, in about 1060. As his son and heir Anund was already dead, Stenkil succeeded to the throne without any known commotion. Adam characterises
Stenkil as God-fearing and pious. A much less flattering image of the new king is provided by the Icelandic
532:
indicates that the relations between
Stenkil and Sweyn Estridsen were amicable. It is likely that the Swedish ruler had an interest in supporting Sweyn against the attempts of Harald Hardrada to subjugate Denmark between 1047 and 1062. Historian Aksel E. Christensen has concluded that the
239:, but this presumed family-connection is not supported by any other sources and must therefore be regarded as very uncertain. The Icelandic sagas mention a wife and two sons of Ragnvald Ulfsson but none are identified with Stenkil and his mother Astrid. The contemporary chronicler
446:
in 1062, but Håkon Jarl secretly allowed the defeated Sweyn to escape alive. When this was later reported to Harald
Hardrada, the enraged king gave orders to kill Håkon, who however managed to escape to Sweden. The escapee stayed with King Stenkil who made him Jarl of
282:
where he was long remembered as the king who "loved West Geats before all his other subjects", and he was lauded as a great archer whose hit marks were long shown with admiration. The tradition that
Stenkil was beloved by the Geats appears to be supported by
492:, which left the striking power of the Norwegian kingdom crippled. Håkon Jarl ended his life as a magnate in Denmark. It is not clear how much of the internally differing saga accounts can be regarded trustable, but a preserved scaldic verse by
621:, the Swedes elected him their King. Then the throne passed out of the line of the ancient kings of Sweden. Steinkel was a mighty prince. He married the daughter of King Eymund. He died in his bed in Sweden about the time that King
326:
argues that the traditions associating
Stenkil with Västergötland may not be reliable, but rather express a later need to advocate Västergötland as the hub of the Swedish kingdom. His active advocacy for a bishopric in
559:
in
England (1066). His death triggered a violent civil war, perhaps caused by rising tension between Christianity and adherents of the pagan religion. According to a legend Stenkil was buried in the "royal hill" near
398:
would be executed and he himself deposed since he had allowed miscreants into the land. Moreover, those already
Christian would surely revert to paganism. The fears were probably justified. According to the
362:(c. 1220), which says: "King Stenkil was a portly man and heavy on his feet. He was much given to drinking parties and not much involved in the business at hand ... he himself liked to be left in peace."
472:
According to all the saga versions, Harald
Hardrada reacted to Håkon Jarl's Swedish position by assembling a fleet and invading Stenkil's kingdom in the cold of the winter. At the entrance of the
408:
was deposed and exiled for wanting to cancel the pagan sacrifices at the temple. As it was, Adalvard and Egino reluctantly had to follow Stenkil's advice. Instead, they traversed the lands of the
389:
where sacrifices of humans and animals were performed every ninth year. After having formally converted the population around Sigtuna, Adalvard the Younger suggested to Bishop
543:
tells that "King Sweyn also had a dispute with the Swedish King Stenkil, who went with his army against King Sweyn, although he did not appropriate any of his territories".
946:
1200:
1090:
533:
Norwegian-Danish peace treaty of 1064 was a success for the Swedish policy to prevent one king from ruling the kingdoms to the north and the south of
343:
Stenkil appears in history around 1056, during the reign of Emund the Old. At that time he provided support and protection for a delegation from the
1932:
2099:
2084:
797:
791:
705:
699:
256:
1011:
Snorre Sturluson (1993), p. 133-7 (Harald Sigurdsson's Saga, Chapter 72); Theodore M. Andersson & Kari Ellen Gade (eds) (2000), p. 242-3.
919:
Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 224-8 (Book IV, Chapters 26-29). The actual existence of a pagan temple has been doubted by Henrik Janson (1998),
412:
which were apparently less resistant to the new faith, and broke any pagan idols they found, making thousands of converts in the process.
1867:
1762:
805:
713:
580:
apparently praised Stenkil, since he expressed hope that they might compete with their "predecessor" in honourable lives and deeds.
1055:
Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 170 (Book III, Chapter 53); Snorre Sturluson (1993), p. 179 (Magnus the Bare-legged's Saga, Chapter 12).
493:
1193:
935:
480:. The ships then rowed eastwards, to the place where he heard that Håkon's troops had assembled. With Håkon was the law-speaker (
366:
1644:
1714:
1667:
1650:
465:. Meanwhile, Harald Hardrada concluded peace with Sweyn Estridsen in 1064 and then started to harry in Stenkil's realm in
1879:
2104:
1186:
428:, was married to the king's niece Ragnhild and followed Harald on his military expeditions against the Danish ruler
2053:
2047:
1853:
348:
2094:
1952:
1911:
485:
146:
1486:
1209:
1160:
323:
27:
2063:
2057:
1782:
390:
370:
344:
385:. According to a historically much-debated passage in Adam's chronicle, Uppsala was the site of a renowned
1776:
1707:
1690:
1679:
1633:
1544:
1496:
676:(1070s), is associated with Stenkil's abode Levene in Västergötland and might have been a close kinsman.
1917:
1906:
1744:
1581:
1334:
322:(in the first hand, the provinces around Lake Mälaren) nevertheless calls for some caution. Historian
2089:
1901:
1873:
1843:
1755:
1738:
1637:
1529:
776:
622:
374:
811:
719:
1981:
1515:
1428:
1306:
1291:
1235:
105:
672:(around 1066-67) was his son, although there is nothing to support this assumption. A later king,
565:
298:
279:
263:
69:
1936:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1786:
1748:
1721:
1683:
1673:
1585:
1506:
1418:
1399:
1343:
752:
606:
556:
420:
The later Norse sagas relate that a brief but serious conflict flared up with the Norwegian king
352:
212:
1471:
1240:
921:
Templum nobilissimum; Adam av Bremen, Uppsalatemplet och konfliktlinjerna i Europa kring år 1075
154:
2001:
1848:
1620:
1616:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1491:
1456:
1444:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1339:
1217:
801:
709:
443:
386:
332:
100:
1996:
1896:
1438:
1409:
1362:
1329:
1325:
1301:
1296:
1264:
1124:
1104:
838:
824:
673:
626:
577:
573:
433:
405:
378:
284:
275:
228:
186:
136:
126:
109:
2026:
2021:
1962:
1511:
1501:
950:
771:
429:
421:
302:
224:
351:. Later on, a reconciliation between the king and Bremen took place, and Sweden received
189:. He is praised as a devout Christian, but with an accommodating stance towards the old
1731:
1700:
1660:
1320:
1310:
1042:
661:
630:
614:
605:
There was a great man of noble family in Sweden called Steinkel. His mother's name was
539:
473:
305:(see below), the lawspeaker expresses the Geats' (Gautland people) loyalty to Stenkil:
240:
232:
190:
178:
114:
942:
Stories and Ballads of the Far Past, translated from the Norse (Icelandic and Faroese)
2078:
1808:
1727:
1696:
1656:
1627:
1610:
1450:
1433:
1423:
1414:
1367:
1286:
1250:
1170:
1153:
868:
669:
618:
585:
425:
400:
382:
236:
216:
207:
182:
55:
45:
879:
1967:
1558:
561:
453:
438:
358:
289:
908:
Morkinskinna. The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157)
576:
would both become kings of Sweden. In a letter to Halsten and Inge from c. 1081,
1823:
1793:
1769:
1245:
1094:, Guðni Jónsson's og Bjarni Vilhjálmsson's edition at «Norrøne Tekster og Kvad».
466:
448:
159:
2006:
1957:
1315:
610:
597:
294:
271:
648:
534:
170:
93:
477:
2016:
2011:
319:
1020:
Snorre Sturluson (1993), p. 135 (Harald Sigurdsson's Saga, Chapter 72).
655:
569:
489:
462:
458:
328:
267:
121:
82:
961:
743:
1178:
993:. Stockholm: Fabel, p. 129-30 (Harald Sigurdsson's Saga, Chapter 69).
864:
862:
394:
220:
194:
1002:
Theodore M. Andersson & Kari Ellen Gade (eds) (2000), p. 239-40.
211:(13th century) describes Stenkil as the son of Ragnvald the Old and
255:
asserts that he was related to the previous dynasty by marriage to
409:
153:
1079:
Sveriges historia till våra dagar. Andra delen. Äldre medeltiden
1182:
476:, he took the lighter boats and brought them upriver, to Lake
227:. Later historians have identified the father of Stenkil as
991:
Nordiska kungasagor. Magnus den gode till Magnus Erlingsson
906:
Theodore M. Andersson & Kari Ellen Gade (eds) (2000),
609:, the daughter of Njal the son of Fin the Squinter, from
278:(c. 1240) clearly states that he spent time in Levene in
944:, by N. Kershaw.Cambridge at the University Press, 1921.
347:
which had been turned away by King Emund and his bishop
613:; and his father was Rögnvald the Old. Steinkel was an
1081:. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söners Förlag, p. 23.
980:
Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 228-9 (Book IV, Chapter 30).
555:
all state that Stenkil passed away at the time of the
883:, at the Medieval & Classical Literature Library.
856:. Stockholm: Proprius, p. 140 (Book III, Chapter 15).
658:, King of Sweden, or parts of Sweden, died after 1081
1989:
1980:
1945:
1931:
1889:
1866:
1816:
1807:
1574:
1557:
1537:
1528:
1479:
1470:
1376:
1361:
1272:
1263:
1225:
1216:
142:
132:
120:
99:
89:
76:
65:
61:
51:
41:
33:
26:
21:
1068:. Stockholm: Förlaget Biblioteksböcker, p. 111-2.
766:
764:
762:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
923:. Göteborg: Historiska Institutionen i Göteborg.
790:Lagerqvist, Lars O. (2001), "Stenkilska ätten",
931:
929:
307:
251:) of the former King Emund the Old, while the
1194:
854:Historien om Hamburgstiftet och dess biskopar
193:. His brief reign saw an armed conflict with
8:
693:
691:
689:
331:may speak for a strong association with the
181:who ruled c. 1060 until 1066. He succeeded
625:fell in England. Steinkel had a son called
1986:
1942:
1886:
1813:
1571:
1534:
1476:
1373:
1269:
1222:
1201:
1187:
1179:
1115:
274:area. The short chronicle appended to the
18:
551:Adam of Bremen, Snorri Sturluson and the
424:in 1064–65. One of Harald's foremost men
373:. With the help of Stenkil's emissaries,
235:and the grandson of the legendary Viking
589:has a great deal to tell about Stenkil:
158:Windows created by Stenkil's dynasty in
1029:Inge Skovgaard-Petersen et al. (1977),
910:. Ithaca & London: Cornell, p. 240.
685:
668:It has been speculated that one of the
798:Swedish Museum of National Antiquities
706:Swedish Museum of National Antiquities
617:at first, and then after the death of
442:the Norwegians were victorious at the
369:and cooperated with bishops from the
215:, the daughter of Njal Finnsson from
7:
1064:Carl Bernadotte et al. (ed) (1956),
318:that Stenkil was originally Jarl in
869:Den äldre Västgötalagens kungalängd
377:created the Sigtuna bishopric, one
185:and became the first king from the
664:, King of Sweden, died around 1110
629:, who became King of Sweden after
14:
698:Odelberg, Maj (1995), "Stenkil",
651:, and had at least two children:
881:Saga of Harald Hardrade: Part II
1033:. Kobenhavn: Gyldendal, p. 225.
371:Archbishopric of Hamburg-Bremen
1105:Sture Bolin, "Erik och Erik",
339:Support for the Bremen mission
293:. In a speech by Thorvid, the
1:
2085:11th-century Swedish monarchs
1226:
825:Hans Gillingstam, "Stenkil",
461:where he was created Jarl of
457:, Håkon Jarl left Norway for
451:. According to another saga,
243:says Stenkil was the nephew (
223:and a cognatic descendant of
1404:descendant of Inge the Elder
1348:descendant of Inge the Elder
897:. Alingsås: Viktoria, p. 35.
839:Hans Gllingstam, "Stenkil",
517:quickly when support failed.
416:The war with Harald Hardrada
381:from the old cult center of
365:The king duly supported the
1645:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
1107:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
938:Saga of Hervör and Heithrek
841:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
827:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon
520:Thus says the one who wants
508:have been assigned to death
2121:
1715:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1668:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1651:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
949:December 27, 2006, at the
670:two pretenders called Eric
367:Christianization of Sweden
262:Stenkil was probably from
2100:People from Västergötland
2039:
1167:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1118:
1092:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks
1031:Danmarks historie. Bind 1
989:Snorre Sturluson (1993),
649:daughter of Emund the Old
647:Stenkil was married to a
147:Chalcedonian Christianity
94:Daughter of Emund the Old
1066:Sveriges hundra konungar
895:När Sverige blev Sverige
505:give support to the Jarl
852:Adam av Bremen (1984),
502:Stenkil's men who would
496:confirms the outlines:
1777:Sten Sture the Younger
1708:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
1691:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
1634:Christopher of Bavaria
742:Tunberg, Sven (1917),
523:to depict this nicely.
511:the ruler caused this.
312:
163:
1077:Sven Tunberg (1926),
893:Peter Sawyer (1991),
345:Archdiocese of Bremen
314:The statement of the
301:before a battle with
157:
1756:Sten Sture the Elder
1739:Sten Sture the Elder
1638:House of Wittelsbach
777:Nationalencyklopedin
680:Notes and references
375:Adalvard the Younger
231:who was the earl of
1429:Sverker the Younger
596:Steinkell hét ríkr
177:; died 1066) was a
106:Halsten Stenkilsson
2105:Christian monarchs
1787:House of Oldenburg
1749:House of Oldenburg
1722:Erik Axelsson Tott
1684:House of Oldenburg
1674:Erik Axelsson Tott
1586:House of Estridsen
1400:House of Estridsen
1390:Eric "IX" the Holy
1344:House of Estridsen
1335:Ragnvald Knaphövde
1210:Monarchs of Sweden
968:Nordisk familjebok
753:Nordisk familjebok
557:Battle of Hastings
494:þjóðólfr Arnórsson
486:ill-fated invasion
353:Adalvard the Elder
213:Astrid Njalsdotter
164:
2072:
2071:
2048:Norwegian monarch
2043:Lineage uncertain
2035:
2034:
1976:
1975:
1927:
1926:
1862:
1861:
1803:
1802:
1621:House of Griffins
1604:House of Griffins
1594:House of Griffins
1553:
1552:
1524:
1523:
1466:
1465:
1405:
1384:Sverker the Elder
1357:
1356:
1349:
1273:c. 1060 – c. 1130
1259:
1258:
1177:
1176:
1168:Succeeded by
701:Vikingatidens ABC
640:
639:
537:. Strangely, the
201:Family background
152:
151:
2112:
2095:House of Stenkil
1997:Charles XIV John
1987:
1943:
1933:Holstein-Gottorp
1897:Charles X Gustav
1887:
1883:
1814:
1572:
1535:
1477:
1403:
1374:
1347:
1330:Inge the Younger
1270:
1228:
1223:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1180:
1151:Preceded by
1141:
1134:
1125:House of Stenkil
1116:
1110:
1102:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
987:
981:
978:
972:
959:
953:
933:
924:
917:
911:
904:
898:
891:
885:
877:
871:
866:
857:
850:
844:
836:
830:
822:
816:
815:
810:, archived from
787:
781:
780:
768:
757:
756:
739:
724:
723:
718:, archived from
695:
592:
591:
578:Pope Gregory VII
547:Death and burial
444:Battle of Nissan
434:Snorri Sturluson
404:, Stenkil's son
285:Snorri Sturluson
276:Westrogothic law
257:Emund's daughter
229:Ragnvald Ulfsson
187:House of Stenkil
137:Ragnvald the Old
19:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2031:
2027:Carl XVI Gustaf
2022:Gustaf VI Adolf
1972:
1963:Gustav IV Adolf
1953:Adolf Frederick
1923:
1912:Ulrika Eleonora
1877:
1876:
1869:
1858:
1849:Gustav II Adolf
1799:
1568:
1566:
1549:
1520:
1462:
1353:
1274:
1255:
1241:Olof Skötkonung
1212:
1207:
1173:
1164:
1156:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
988:
984:
979:
975:
960:
956:
951:Wayback Machine
934:
927:
918:
914:
905:
901:
892:
888:
878:
874:
867:
860:
851:
847:
837:
833:
823:
819:
808:
793:Medeltidens ABC
789:
788:
784:
770:
769:
760:
741:
740:
727:
716:
697:
696:
687:
682:
645:
568:. His two sons
549:
432:. According to
430:Sweyn Estridsen
422:Harald Hardrada
418:
341:
303:Harald Hardrada
225:Harald Fairhair
203:
113:
108:
81:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2118:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2064:king of Poland
2060:
2058:Danish monarch
2050:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1940:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1763:Svante Nilsson
1759:
1752:
1742:
1735:
1732:House of Bonde
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1701:House of Bonde
1694:
1687:
1677:
1664:
1661:House of Bonde
1654:
1641:
1631:
1628:Charles (VIII)
1624:
1614:
1611:Charles (VIII)
1607:
1597:
1578:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1407:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1377:c. 1130 – 1250
1371:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1337:
1332:
1323:
1321:Inge the Elder
1318:
1313:
1311:Inge the Elder
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1257:
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1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1161:King of Sweden
1157:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1146:Regnal titles
1143:
1142:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1111:
1097:
1083:
1070:
1057:
1048:
1044:Knytlinga Saga
1035:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
982:
973:
954:
925:
912:
899:
886:
872:
858:
845:
831:
817:
806:
782:
758:
725:
714:
684:
683:
681:
678:
666:
665:
659:
644:
641:
638:
637:
635:
615:Earl in Sweden
602:
574:Inge the Elder
548:
545:
540:Knytlinga Saga
527:
526:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
514:Håkon withdrew
512:
509:
506:
503:
417:
414:
406:Inge the Elder
340:
337:
333:Mälaren Valley
247:) or stepson (
241:Adam of Bremen
202:
199:
191:Pagan religion
179:King of Sweden
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
115:Inge the Elder
103:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
78:
74:
73:
67:
63:
62:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
35:
31:
30:
28:King of Sweden
24:
23:
16:King of Sweden
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2117:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
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1875:
1871:
1865:
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1806:
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1765:
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1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1724:
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1712:
1710:
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1705:
1702:
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1573:
1570:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1546:
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1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
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1493:
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1485:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1459:
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1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:Knut Eriksson
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Håkan the Red
1300:
1298:
1297:Anund Gårdske
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:Eric and Eric
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1251:Emund the Old
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:970 – c. 1060
1224:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1172:
1171:Eric and Eric
1165:c. 1060–1066
1163:
1162:
1155:
1154:Emund the Old
1149:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1117:
1109:
1108:
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1098:
1095:
1093:
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1039:
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1023:
1017:
1014:
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1005:
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992:
986:
983:
977:
974:
971:
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948:
945:
943:
939:
932:
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926:
922:
916:
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884:
882:
876:
873:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
849:
846:
843:
842:
835:
832:
829:
828:
821:
818:
814:on 2007-09-30
813:
809:
807:91-518-3926-1
803:
799:
795:
794:
786:
783:
779:
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749:
747:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:on 2007-09-30
721:
717:
715:91-7192-984-3
711:
707:
703:
702:
694:
692:
690:
686:
679:
677:
675:
674:Håkan the Red
671:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
652:
650:
642:
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:Emund the Old
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
599:
594:
593:
590:
588:
587:
586:Hervarar saga
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:Västergötland
563:
558:
554:
553:Hervarar saga
546:
544:
542:
541:
536:
531:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:
450:
445:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:
401:Hervarar saga
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
379:day's journey
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
360:
354:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
325:
321:
317:
316:Hervarar saga
311:
306:
304:
300:
299:Västergötland
296:
292:
291:
286:
281:
280:Västergötland
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:Västergötland
260:
258:
254:
253:Hervarar saga
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:Skoglar Toste
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:
208:Hervarar saga
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:Emund the Old
180:
176:
172:
168:
161:
156:
148:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
111:
110:Håkan the Red
107:
104:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
70:Västergötland
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:Eric and Eric
54:
50:
47:
46:Emund the Old
44:
40:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1968:Charles XIII
1916:
1880:Hesse-Kassel
1878:
1874:Wittelsbach)
1792:
1783:Christian II
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1737:
1728:Charles VIII
1720:
1713:
1706:
1697:Charles VIII
1689:
1672:
1666:
1657:Charles VIII
1649:
1643:
1626:
1609:
1562:
1559:Kalmar Union
1455:
1443:
1388:
1366:
1281:
1159:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
990:
985:
976:
967:
963:
962:The article
957:
941:
937:
920:
915:
907:
902:
894:
889:
880:
875:
853:
848:
840:
834:
826:
820:
812:the original
792:
785:
775:
751:
745:
720:the original
700:
667:
646:
604:
595:
584:
582:
552:
550:
538:
530:Morkinskinna
529:
528:
481:
471:
454:Morkinskinna
452:
439:Heimskringla
437:
419:
399:
387:pagan temple
364:
359:Morkinskinna
357:
342:
324:Peter Sawyer
315:
313:
308:
297:(lagman) of
290:Heimskringla
288:
266:rather than
261:
252:
248:
244:
206:
204:
174:
166:
165:
37:c. 1060–1066
2090:1066 deaths
1918:Frederick I
1907:Charles XII
1870:Zweibrücken
1868:Palatinate-
1770:Eric Trolle
1680:Christian I
1530:Mecklenburg
1410:Charles VII
1246:Anund Jacob
356:manuscript
160:Vreta Abbey
42:Predecessor
2079:Categories
2007:Charles XV
1990:since 1818
1982:Bernadotte
1958:Gustav III
1902:Charles XI
1844:Charles IX
1794:Gustav (I)
1507:Eric "XII"
1492:Magnus III
1451:Knut Långe
1316:Blot-Sweyn
1236:Eric "VII"
611:Halogaland
426:Håkon Jarl
295:lawspeaker
217:Hålogaland
2054:Norwegian
1946:1751–1818
1937:Oldenburg
1890:1654–1751
1854:Christina
1839:Sigismund
1817:1523–1654
1617:Eric XIII
1600:Eric XIII
1590:Eric XIII
1575:1389–1523
1538:1364–1389
1512:Magnus IV
1502:Magnus IV
1480:1250–1364
1457:Eric "XI"
1445:Eric "XI"
1396:Magnus II
1275:1160–1161
772:"Stenkil"
535:Skagerrak
249:privignus
175:Steinkell
171:Old Norse
52:Successor
2017:Gustaf V
2012:Oscar II
1834:John III
1829:Eric XIV
1824:Gustav I
1582:Margaret
1565:indicate
1487:Valdemar
1434:Eric "X"
1419:Boleslaw
1340:Magnus I
1120:Stenkil
947:Archived
474:Göta älv
467:Götaland
449:Värmland
349:Osmundus
143:Religion
85:, Sweden
72:, Sweden
2002:Oscar I
1745:John II
1567:regents
1563:Italics
1365:·
1363:Sverker
1307:Halsten
1292:Halsten
1282:Stenkil
1265:Stenkil
970:(1910).
746:Stenkil
656:Halsten
607:Astrith
570:Halsten
490:England
463:Halland
459:Denmark
383:Uppsala
329:Sigtuna
320:Svíþjóð
272:Mälaren
270:or the
268:Uppland
167:Stenkil
127:Stenkil
83:Svitjod
22:Stenkil
1545:Albert
1516:Haakon
1497:Birger
1472:Bjälbo
1439:John I
1326:Philip
1136:
804:
712:
662:Inge I
643:Family
631:Haakon
623:Harold
562:Levene
482:lagman
478:Vänern
395:Scania
233:Ladoga
221:Norway
195:Norway
133:Father
90:Spouse
2062:Also
2052:Also
2046:Also
1218:Munsö
1138:Died:
1131:Born:
940:, in
410:Geats
391:Egino
245:nepos
122:House
101:Issue
34:Reign
2056:and
1809:Vasa
1588:) /
1368:Eric
1140:1066
1133:1030
964:Inge
936:The
802:ISBN
710:ISBN
627:Ingi
598:maðr
583:The
572:and
205:The
112:(?)
80:1066
77:Died
66:Born
1415:Kol
966:in
564:in
488:of
436:'s
393:in
287:'s
219:in
2081::
1671:/
1648:/
1514:/
1417:/
1402:,
1346:,
1328:/
1309:/
1227:c.
928:^
861:^
800:,
796:,
774:,
761:^
750:,
728:^
708:,
704:,
688:^
633:.
335:.
259:.
197:.
173::
1939:)
1935:(
1872:(
1789:)
1785:(
1751:)
1747:(
1734:)
1730:(
1703:)
1699:(
1686:)
1682:(
1663:)
1659:(
1640:)
1636:(
1623:)
1619:(
1606:)
1602:(
1596:)
1592:(
1584:(
1406:)
1398:(
1350:)
1342:(
1202:e
1195:t
1188:v
748:"
744:"
169:(
162:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
