458:, which was used as a pretext by the United Kingdom to resume their war against France on 18 May 1803. The French involvement within the internal affairs of the Swiss was exemplary of Britain's worry that it was to have a diminishing role in continental affairs. Though the British often attempted to stay removed from the internal struggles of the Continent, the actions of Napoleon's France threatened to upset the existing order and thus Britain's existing economic supremacy. While the Act of Mediation enforced by French intervention did not particularly upset the Swiss order, in fact restoring much of pre-existing traditions and forms of Swiss government from before the French Republican invasion, it was a technical violation of the Treaty of Amiens, which prohibited such foreign meddling by France.
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made concessions to the demands of the insurgents, abandoning the centralist structure of the
Helvetic Republic in favor of a more federalist approach. He likewise stated the natural state of Switzerland was federal and that attempts to force any other system upon them were unwise.
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were unfairly profiting from the unpopular new order. On the 21st of
September 1802, the hatred and resentment came to a head in the so-called “Zwetschgenkrieg” or plum war. In an outbreak of violence, spurred on by
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to pacify the country, disarm the federalists and restore the
Helvetic Republic. Under French pressure, the Federal Diet at Schwyz announced its dissolution on 26 October, bringing an end to the
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of 1801, French troops suddenly left
Switzerland in late July 1802, resulting in rapid destabilization of the country. This instability reached a head in August, with an open rebellion of Swiss
425:, looting and destroying their homes and belongings. The attack was not entirely unexpected, tensions having built up over several days, and the Christian inhabitants of
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Napoleon was concerned that the instability of
Switzerland could infect Europe at large, and was authorized to negotiate a settlement between the feuding sides. His
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on 19 February 1803. The conflict itself was between insurgents, mostly drawn from the rural population, and the official forces of the
Helvetic Republic. The term
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Napoleon
Bonaparte issued the proclamation of Saint-Cloud, calling for a return to constitutional order and inviting both parties to a conciliatory conference in
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were largely unaffected. The Jews did not receive compensation for the damages, and the perpetrators did not face any consequences.
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Johann Rudolf Dolder, capitulated militarily on
September 18, but was able to negotiate a retreat from Bern to
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With the more liberal order of the
Helvetic Republic, anti-Jewish sentiment rose, as accusations emerged that
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Englund, Steven (2008). "xxMONSTRE SACRÉ: THE QUESTION OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM AND THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE".
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The death of
Lieutenant Rudolf von Werdt during the siege of Bern on 18 September 1802, an episode of the
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rumours, an armed horde of 800 farmers, craftsmen and some patricians assaulted the
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Tumulte ― Excesse ― Pogrome: Kollektive Gewalt gegen Juden in Europa 1789-1900
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on 3 October. Bonaparte then launched a military intervention under General
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on 28 August, where government troops were defeated by federalists from
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801:"Treaty of Amiens | France [1802]"
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41:. Drawing by Karl Ludwig Zehender, 1805.
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583:Switzerland, Markus G. Jud, Lucerne.
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725:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
650:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
570:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
531:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
391:, known as the "Helvetic Consulta".
338:The war began with an engagement at
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664:"Zwetschgenkrieg gegen die Juden"
585:"History – All About Switzerland"
506: JĂĽrg StĂĽssi-Lauterburg:
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393:Niklaus Franz von Bachmann
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677:Bergmann, Werner (2020).
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225:Johann Rudolf Dolder
872:October 1802 events
857:1802 in Switzerland
383:. On 30 September,
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292:Treaty of Lunéville
74:Federalist victory
862:August 1802 events
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258:Napoleon Bonaparte
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852:Conflicts in 1802
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810:12 December
750:12 December
746:(in French)
740:"MĂ©diation"
594:12 December
419:antisemitic
296:federalists
176:Unterwalden
115:Federalists
841:Categories
627:Michel Ney
479:References
401:Michel Ney
340:Rengg Pass
270:Background
787:162263868
437:Aftermath
353:Landamman
344:Nidwalden
328:Solothurn
206:Appenzell
196:Solothurn
604:cite web
462:See also
427:Endingen
369:Fribourg
358:Lausanne
58:Location
719:Italian
644:Italian
564:Italian
525:Italian
431:Lengnau
379:led by
300:unitary
279:Cantons
263:Stäckli
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713:French
707:German
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638:French
632:German
558:French
552:German
519:French
513:German
377:Schwyz
324:Aargau
308:ZĂĽrich
212:Aargau
186:Glarus
166:Schwyz
146:Luzern
126:ZĂĽrich
70:Result
783:S2CID
397:Faoug
389:Paris
365:LĂ©man
316:Baden
812:2016
752:2016
716:and
704:in
683:ISBN
641:and
629:in
610:link
596:2016
561:and
549:in
522:and
510:in
429:and
414:Jews
367:and
348:Bern
326:and
312:Bern
310:and
240:The
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50:Date
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