336:, approximately 28–35 nm in diameter with T=3 symmetry. Human astroviruses are part of the Mammastrovirus genus and contains 8 serotypes. The human astrovirus capsid spikes have a distinct structure. The spike domain in particular has a 3-layered beta-sandwiches fold and a core, 6-stranded beta-barrel structure. The beta-barrel has a hydrophobic core. The triple-layered beta-sandwich is packed outside the beta-barrel. The spike also forms a dimer. This unique structure was found to be similar to the protein projections found on the capsid of the hepatitis E virus. The projection domain of the human astrovirus contains a receptor binding site for polysaccharides. The amino acid sequence of the astrovirus capsid protein does not have similar homology to other known viral proteins, but the closest would be hepatitis E virus.
453:(RdRp). In replication complexes near intracellular membranes, ORF1a and ORF1b are cleaved to generate individual nonstructural proteins that are involved in replication. RdRp transcribes subgenomic RNA from the subgenomic promoter, which enables higher production of structural proteins. Subgenomic RNA contains ORF2 which encodes precursor capsid protein (VP90). VP90 is proteolytically cleaved during packaging and produces immature capsids made of VP70. Following encapsidation, immature capsids are released from the cell without lysis. Extracellular virions are cleaved by Trypsin and form mature infectious virions.
425:(ORFs), with an overlap of approximately 70 nucleotides between ORF1a and ORF1b. The remaining ORF is known as ORF2. ORF2 encode the structural proteins, which are -at least- VP26, VP29 and VP32, the most antigenic and immunogenic of these being VP26. This protein is probably involved in the first steps of viral infection, being a key factor in the biological cycle of astroviruses. The human astrovirus genome mutation rate has been estimated to be 3.7Ă—10 nucleotide substitutions per site per year with the synonymous changes rate of 2.8Ă—10 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. The capability for
368:. In replication complexes near intracellular membranes, ORF1a and ORF1b are cleaved to generate individual nonstructural proteins that are involved in replication. The resulting subgenomic RNA contains ORF2 and encodes precursor capsid protein (VP90). VP90 is proteolytically cleaved during packaging and produces immature capsids made of VP70. Following encapsidation, immature capsids are released from the cell without lysis. Extracellular virions are cleaved by Trypsin and form mature infectious virions.
386:
593:. The severity and variation in symptoms correlates with the region the case develops in. This could be due to climatic factors influencing the life cycle or transmission method for that particular strain of Astrovirus. Malnutrition and immunodeficiency tend to exacerbate the condition, leading to more severe cases or secondary conditions that could require hospital care. Otherwise, infected people do not need hospitalization because symptoms will reduce by themselves, after 2 to 4 days.
79:
491:
318:
377:
capsid is expressed from a subgenomic mRNA and its precursor undergoes multiple cleavages to make the VP70 protein. Capsids that are made of the VP70 protein are cleaved by trypsin to make particles that are very infectious (VP25/26, VP27/29 and VP34). The spikes that create the star-like appearance on the virion surface are made by two structural proteins (VP25 and VP27) while the capsid shell is made from VP34.
61:
44:
557:. Human astroviruses are associated with gastroenteritis in children and immunocompromised adults. 2–8% of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in children is associated with human astrovirus. These viral particles are usually detected in epithelial cells of the duodenum. In sheep, ovine astroviruses were found in the villi of the small intestine.
656:, range 2.3–6.4), the fourth most common known cause of viral gastroenteritis. Studies in the USA have detected astroviruses in the stools of 2–9% of children presenting symptoms; illness is most frequent in children younger than two years, although outbreaks among adults and the elderly have been reported. Early studies carried out in
511:
typically die within 3 weeks of infection. The viral particles can be detected in fecal matter within 2 days and peak virus shedding occurs 4–5 days after infection. The virus can be found in the kidney, jejunum, spleen, liver and bursa of infected birds. Symptoms of this disease include diarrhea and
498:
Avastrovirus 1–3 are associated with enteric infections in turkeys, ducks, chicken and guinea fowl. In turkey poults 1–3 weeks of age, some symptoms of enteritis include diarrhea, listlessness, liver eating and nervousness. These symptoms are usually mild but in cases of poult enteritis and mortality
769:
was commonly used for skin and urinary infections. Drug testing methodology involved application of the extract to cell for pre-treatment (blocking), direct viral activity (evidence of killing the virus), and treatment (a decrease in the viral load after an infection is established). The extract
695:. The main mode of astrovirus transmission is by contaminated food and water. Young children in childcare backgrounds or adults in military barracks are most likely to develop the disease. Human astroviruses may be released in large quantities in the stool of infected individuals and contaminate
563:
also cause diseases of the nervous system. These diseases most commonly occur in cattle, mink and humans. In cattle, this occurs sporadically and infects individual animals. Symptoms of this infection include seizure, lateral recumbency and impaired coordination. Histological examinations showed
376:
Astroviruses are 28-30 nm non-enveloped viruses with T-3 icosahedral symmetry. They have spherical shapes and consist of a capsid protein shell. Astroviruses have distinctive five or six pointed star-like projections on 10% of the virions (the other virions have smooth surfaces). The virion
576:
in children, whose immune systems are underdeveloped, and elderly adults, whose immune systems are generally somewhat compromised. Presence of viral particles in fecal matter and in epithelial intestinal cells indicate that the virus replicates in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. The main
639:
Astroviruses cause gastroenteritis by causing destruction of the intestinal epithelium, leading to the inhibition of usual absorption mechanism, loss of secretory functions, and decrease in epithelial permeability in the intestines. Inflammatory responses were seen to not affect astrovirus
747:
In a study by
Bjorkholm et al., a 78-year-old patient diagnosed with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia was given 0.4 g/kg of astrovirus immunoglobulin for four days, and the symptoms dissolved leading to a full recovery from astrovirus; however, further testing has yet to be completed.
866:
Glass et al. states an epidemiological shift regarding astrovirus due to improvements in RT-PCT (reverse transcription PCR), monoclonal antibodies, and enzyme immunoassays (EIA); astroviruses are now considered one of the main causes of diarrheal disease worldwide
477:. It appears that this group of viruses may have arise at some point in the past as a result of recombination event between two distinct viruses and that this even occurred at the junction of the structural and non-structural coding regions.
589:, malaise and abdominal pain. Some research studies have shown that the incubation period of the disease is approximately three to four days. Astrovirus infection is not usually a severe situation and only in some rare cases leads to
1878:
Lv SL, Zhang HH, Li JY, Hu WQ, Song YT, Opriessnig T, Xiao CT (October 2019). "High genetic diversity and recombination events of porcine astrovirus strains identified from ill and asymptomatic pigs in 2017, Hunan
Province, China".
672:
by age 9, suggesting that (largely asymptomatic) infection is common. Looking at the pattern of disease, it suggests that antibodies provide protection through adult life until the antibody titre begins to decline later in life.
503:
examination of the intestines of infected birds show fluid filled intestines. Hyperplasia of enterocytes is also observed in histopathology studies. However, in contrast to other enteric viruses, there isn't villous supply.
923:
Using RT-PCR, Kapoor et al. discover novel astrovirus strains HMOAstV species A, B, C which are very similar to astroviruses found in mink and ovine species; this showed that the virus may have the ability to jump species
711:. Fruits and vegetables grown in such contaminated water may also act as sources of viral infection. Poor food handling practices, poor hand hygiene and contamination of inanimate objects are other factors that encourage
622:
have all been used for detecting virus particle, antigens or viral nucleic acid in the stools of infected people. A method using real-time RT-PCR, which can detect all human astrovirus genotypes, has been reported. Some
770:
demonstrated direct viral activity by killing astroviruses directly and treatment by leading to a decrease in the viral load after an established infection. A pre-treatment effect was not evident during the experiment.
873:
Palombo and Bishop the epidemiology of astrovirus infections in children suffering from gastroenteritis in
Melbourne, Australia (data collected include total incidence, genetic diversity, serotype characterization)
1118:
Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses: Ninth Report of the
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (2012) Ed: King, A.M.Q., Adams, M.J., Carstens, E.B. and Lefkowitz, E.J. San Diego:
904:
Guix et al. completes an epidemiological study on the presence of astrovirus in
Barcelona, Spain; the total incidence of astrovirus in 2,347 samples was 4.95 with a peak in the number of cases in the winter
847:
Bjorkholm elt al. conducted a clinical study, and 78-year-old male
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia patient with astrovirus-associated gastroenteritis was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin
5229:
648:
Astroviruses are associated with 5–9% of the cases of gastroenteritis in young children. Humans of all ages are susceptible to astrovirus infection, but children, the elderly, and those that are
5707:
1690:
Royuela E, Sánchez-Fauquier A (January 2010). "Molecular cloning, expression and first antigenic characterization of human astrovirus VP26 structural protein and a C-terminal deleted form".
898:
Dennehy et al. collected stool samples from hospitalized children suffering from acute gastroenteritis; astrovirus was determined the second leading cause of gastroenteritis after rotavirus
599:
Astroviruses most frequently cause infection of the gastrointestinal tract but in some animals they may result in encephalitis (humans and cattle), hepatitis (avian) and nephritis (avian).
3972:
547:
is usually undiagnosed because most astrovirus infections are asymptomatic. However, in mink and humans, astroviruses can cause diarrhea and can be fatal. The incubation period for
684:
regions where prevalence is highest during the rainy season. The seasonal distribution in tropical climates can be explained by the effect of rain particularly on the breakdown of
512:
weight loss. Necropsies show swollen and discolored kidneys and there is evidence of death of the epithelial cells and lymphocytic interstitial nephritis. Another extraintestinal
3255:"Successful intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for severe and persistent astrovirus gastroenteritis after fludarabine treatment in a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia"
305:
comprises three species; Chicken astrovirus (Avian nephritis virus types 1–3), Duck astrovirus (Duck astrovirus C-NGB), and Turkey astrovirus (Turkey astrovirus 1). The genus
4407:
917:
Finkbeiner et al. used Sanger sequencing to discover a novel astrovirus in stool samples from children suffering from an acute gastroenteritis outbreak at a childcare center
2957:
Glass RI, Noel J, Mitchell D, Herrmann JE, Blacklow NR, Pickering LK, et al. (1996). "The changing epidemiology of astrovirus-associated gastroenteritis: A review".
3395:
4911:
1825:
Martella V, Medici MC, Terio V, Catella C, Bozzo G, Tummolo F, et al. (December 2013). "Lineage diversification and recombination in type-4 human astroviruses".
722:
workers were three times more likely to test positive for antibodies against turkey astroviruses. Furthermore, some human, duck, chicken and turkey astroviruses are
9602:
5700:
294:
9615:
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4506:
3296:"In vitro antiviral activity against rotavirus and astrovirus infection exerted by substances obtained from Achyrocline bogotensis (Kunth) DC. (Compositae)"
4545:
3652:
309:
includes Bovine astroviruses 1 and 2, Human astrovirus (types 1–8), Feline astrovirus 1, Porcine astrovirus 1, Mink astrovirus 1 and Ovine astrovirus 1.
3483:
3155:"Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 2. Description of outbreaks by size, severity, and settings"
2753:
Royuela E, Negredo A, Sánchez-Fauquier A (April 2006). "Development of a one step real-time RT-PCR method for sensitive detection of human astrovirus".
880:
Unicomb et al. conduct a clinical study in
Bangladesh and conclude astrovirus infections involving nosocomial, acute, and persistent diarrheal diseases
680:
climates, infection is highest during winter months possibly due to lower temperatures which enhance the stability of the virus. This is in contrast to
5693:
3523:
734:
Human astroviruses can be prevented by detection and inactivation in contaminated food and water in addition to disinfection of contaminated fomites.
553:
is 1–4 days. When symptoms occur, the incubation period is followed by diarrhea for several days. In mink, symptoms include increased secretion from
9589:
4400:
823:
Cruz et al. analyzed 5,000 stool samples 7.5% of the diarrheal diseases found in
Guatemalan ambulatory rural children were caused by astroviruses
3154:
652:
are most prone. A study of intestinal disease in the UK, published in 1999, determined incidence as 3.8/1000 patient years in the community (95%
781:
Appleton and
Higgins first discovered astrovirus in stool samples of children suffering from gastroenteritis by using electron microscopy (EM)
718:
Astroviruses can also be transmitted to humans from other animal species. In comparison to individuals who had no contact with turkey, turkey
4773:
3388:
2974:
2903:
2694:
2620:"Astrovirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation"
1103:
1055:
2618:
Wunderli W, Meerbach A, Guengoer T, Berger C, Greiner O, Caduff R, Trkola A, Bossart W, Gerlach D, Schibler M, Cordey S (11 November 2011).
911:
Basu et al. discovered astrovirus in 2.7% of stool samples collected from 346 children suffering from gastroenteritis in
Gaborone, Botswana
507:
Avastrovirus species often infect extraintestinal sites such as the kidney or liver resulting in hepatitis and nephritis. Birds infected by
325:
Astroviruses have a star-like appearance with five or six points. Their name is derived from the Greek word "astron" meaning star. They are
3616:
219:
in humans. In addition to humans, astroviruses have now been isolated from numerous mammalian animal species (and are classified as genus
3049:"Characterization and seroepidemiology of a type 5 astrovirus associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Marin County, California"
3673:
301:
as a viral family in 1995. There have been over 50 astroviruses reported, although the ICTV officially recognizes 22 species. The genus
233:
viruses that have a characteristic five- or six-pointed star-like surface structure when viewed by electron microscopy. Along with the
4986:
4393:
811:
Gray et al. discovered that a 22-day long gastroenteritis outbreak in an elderly home was caused by astrovirus type 1 and calicivirus
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5505:
3992:
3518:
3475:
2314:
1674:
3907:
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Madeley and Cosgrove named the 20–30 nm viral particle Astrovirus based on the star-like EM (electron microscopy) appearance
9628:
5403:
3978:
3381:
2445:
Bouzalas IG, Wüthrich D, Walland J, Drögemüller C, Zurbriggen A, Vandevelde M, et al. (September 2014). Onderdonk AB (ed.).
51:
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in young children worldwide. In animals, Astroviruses also cause infection of the gastrointestinal tract but may also result in
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5156:
5139:
4644:
4639:
4516:
1038:
Matsui SM, Kiang D, Ginzton N, Chew T, GeigenmĂĽller-Gnirke U (2001). "Molecular biology of astroviruses: Selected highlights".
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5398:
5354:
5248:
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3577:
3563:
1725:
Babkin IV, Tikunov AY, Zhirakovskaia EV, Netesov SV, Tikunova NV (March 2012). "High evolutionary rate of human astrovirus".
5609:
2790:"Simultaneous detection of seven enteric viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis by a multiplexed Luminex-based assay"
2150:
Speroni S, Rohayem J, Nenci S, Bonivento D, Robel I, Barthel J, Luzhkov VB, Coutard B, Canard B, Mattevi A (17 April 2009).
1518:
Speroni S, Rohayem J, Nenci S, Bonivento D, Robel I, Barthel J, Luzhkov VB, Coutard B, Canard B, Mattevi A (17 April 2009).
356:. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the
835:
Monroe et al. classify subgenomic data for astrovirus, providing support for astrovirus to be classified as a viral family
5455:
660:
demonstrated that a significant proportion of babies excreting virus particles did not exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms.
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2373:"Persistent Infections with Diverse Co-Circulating Astroviruses in Pediatric Oncology Patients, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"
2001:"Construction of a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1 and synthesis of infectious RNA transcripts"
1406:"Construction of a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1 and synthesis of infectious RNA transcripts"
799:
Lee and Kurtz were able to grow astrovirus in tripsin-dependent tissue culture by using human embryo kidney cells (HEK)
596:
Human infections are usually self-limiting but may also spread systematically and infect immunocompromised individuals.
516:
is avian hepatitis virus which infects ducks. Hepatitis in ducks caused by this duck astrovirus (DAstV) is often fatal.
450:
365:
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78:
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Lee and Kurtz discover two serotypes of astrovirus that are used to type 13 strains of community-acquired astrovirus
9237:
8742:
7816:
4944:
4873:
9620:
3000:"Age-stratified seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to astrovirus types 1 to 7 in humans in The Netherlands"
886:
Gaggero et al. identify human astrovirus type 1 to be the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in Chilean children
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4932:
4550:
4202:
3809:
3194:
Meliopoulos VA, Kayali G, Burnham A, Oshansky CM, Thomas PG, Gray GC, et al. (14 May 2014). Kapoor A (ed.).
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Oishi et al. determine astrovirus as the main cause of gastroenteritis in schools in Katano City, Osaka, Japan
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are detected by antigen-capture ELISA. In the absence of vaccines, sanitation is the prevalent way to prevent
2494:
Bouzalas IG, Wüthrich D, Walland J, Drögemüller C, Zurbriggen A, Vandevelde M, et al. (September 2014).
2258:"Experimental reproduction of poult enteritis syndrome: clinical findings, growth response, and microbiology"
1901:
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5488:
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5006:
4798:
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3707:
941:
Madeley CR, Cosgrove BP (September 1975). "Letter: 28 nm particles in faeces in infantile gastroenteritis".
761:
3901:
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817:
Hermann and Hudson use antigen characterization of HEK grown astroviruses to develop monoclonal antibodies
9516:
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Jiang et al. sequence astrovirus RNA and determine the presence of three ORFs and ribosomal frameshifting
627:
techniques are able to simultaneously detect human astroviruses and other enteric viruses associated with
572:
Members of a relatively new virus family, the astroviridae, astroviruses are now recognised as a cause of
2710:
Guix S, Bosch A, PintĂł RM (2005). "Human astrovirus diagnosis and typing: current and future prospects".
2095:"The human astrovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding region is expressed by ribosomal frameshifting"
1463:"The human astrovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding region is expressed by ribosomal frameshifting"
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syndrome (PEMS), which has dehydration, immune dysfunction and anorexia as symptoms, mortality is high.
426:
364:
for ORF1a and ORF1b. A frame-shifting mechanism between these two nonstructural polypeptides translates
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708:
631:. Microarrays are also used to differentiate between the eight different human astrovirus serotypes.
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2152:"Structural and Biochemical Analysis of Human Pathogenic Astrovirus Serine Protease at 2 Resolution"
1520:"Structural and Biochemical Analysis of Human Pathogenic Astrovirus Serine Protease at 2 Resolution"
437:
Replication of astroviruses occur in the cytoplasm. Astrovirus RNA is infectious and functions as a
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appears to be present in type-3 and type-4 human astroviruses, and in porcine astrovirus strains.
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Brown DW, Gunning KB, Henry DM, Awdeh ZL, Brinker JP, Tzipori S, Herrmann JE (January 2008).
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Lee and Kurtz serotyped 291 astrovirus stool samples in Oxford; discovered serotypes 6 and 7
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neuronal necrosis and gliosis of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord and brainstem.
389:
Schematic representation of the genomic organization of the two novel Passerine Astroviruses.
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2012:
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Medici MC, Tummolo F, Martella V, Banyai K, Bonerba E, Chezzi C, et al. (June 2015).
628:
573:
544:
540:
262:
139:
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Monroe SS, Holmes JL, Belliot GM (2001). "Molecular epidemiology of human astroviruses".
2093:
Marczinke B, Bloys AJ, Brown TD, Willcocks MM, Carter MJ, Brierley I (1 September 1994).
1461:
Marczinke B, Bloys AJ, Brown TD, Willcocks MM, Carter MJ, Brierley I (1 September 1994).
1379:
225:) and from avian species such as ducks, chickens, and turkey poults (classified as genus
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7735:
7319:
7292:
6939:
6928:
6832:
6797:
6790:
6776:
6769:
6718:
6690:
6620:
6609:
6574:
6358:
6161:
6030:
5967:
5901:
5879:
5801:
5665:
5580:
5134:
5107:
4972:
4907:
4903:
4793:
4763:
3470:
3322:
3295:
3230:
3195:
2863:
2838:
2814:
2789:
2662:
2619:
2520:
2495:
2471:
2446:
2397:
2372:
2282:
2257:
2233:
2198:
2078:
1976:
1933:
1601:
1566:
1356:
1321:
1275:
1250:
1226:
1199:
1168:
1135:
1015:
990:
661:
490:
349:
326:
254:
249:, single-stranded RNA. Astrovirus has a non-segmented, single stranded, positive sense
234:
3073:
3048:
3024:
2999:
2127:
2033:
1495:
1462:
1438:
1405:
954:
317:
9650:
9438:
9333:
9319:
9147:
9140:
9119:
8960:
8909:
8902:
8766:
8662:
8640:
8613:
8589:
8549:
8506:
8471:
8464:
8436:
8422:
8415:
8316:
8252:
8223:
8202:
8181:
8170:
8150:
8082:
7904:
7873:
7862:
7840:
7707:
7574:
7560:
7550:
7517:
7441:
7393:
7336:
7329:
7176:
7076:
6950:
6864:
6846:
6825:
6811:
6711:
6648:
6598:
6520:
6498:
6471:
6434:
6336:
6303:
6151:
6129:
5929:
5912:
5890:
5868:
5790:
5779:
5598:
5551:
5344:
5287:
5270:
5182:
4927:
4754:
4629:
4595:
4540:
3465:
3460:
3408:
3368:
3348:
3271:
3254:
3130:
3097:
2723:
2420:
2332:"Complete sequence of a duck astrovirus associated with fatal hepatitis in ducklings"
1918:
1298:
665:
560:
549:
449:. A frame-shifting mechanism between these two nonstructural polypeptides translates
446:
438:
361:
287:
261:. Human astroviruses have been shown in numerous studies to be an important cause of
238:
221:
187:
115:
3121:
2739:
2110:
2016:
1478:
1421:
970:
9460:
9405:
9340:
9309:
9276:
9126:
9098:
8916:
8888:
8867:
8853:
8846:
8836:
8672:
8606:
8535:
8383:
8353:
8342:
8289:
8245:
8235:
8216:
8192:
8143:
8055:
7968:
7926:
7765:
7697:
7675:
7655:
7645:
7455:
7371:
7282:
7253:
7241:
7231:
7219:
7209:
7187:
7145:
7135:
7108:
7087:
7065:
7041:
7031:
7009:
6906:
6857:
6818:
6804:
6783:
6552:
6530:
6508:
6375:
6277:
6265:
6222:
6211:
6118:
6107:
6072:
5978:
5830:
5685:
5473:
5385:
5258:
5161:
5112:
5097:
5092:
5088:
5001:
4826:
4742:
4634:
4624:
4590:
4326:
4176:
3854:
3715:
2766:
2371:
Cortez V, Freiden P, Gu Z, Adderson E, Hayden R, Schultz-Cherry S (February 2017).
1006:
704:
527:
521:
513:
283:
266:
180:
127:
60:
3064:
2890:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 238. pp. 237–45, discussion 245–9.
1042:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 238. pp. 219–33, discussion 233–6.
9568:
3361:
3220:
2966:
2644:
2543:
1846:
1793:
1746:
9548:
9326:
9105:
9091:
9004:
8860:
8650:
8563:
8556:
8499:
8405:
8326:
8209:
8126:
8092:
8018:
7980:
7961:
7897:
7890:
7721:
7581:
7270:
7098:
6998:
6893:
6743:
6725:
6701:
6564:
6542:
6368:
6346:
6314:
6255:
6044:
5956:
5818:
5768:
5744:
5653:
5415:
5393:
5224:
5144:
4788:
4689:
4442:
4366:
4315:
4303:
4298:
4291:
4279:
4274:
4253:
4223:
4125:
3964:
3876:
3859:
3794:
3455:
3171:
3015:
2069:
1703:
1642:
1625:
700:
696:
590:
500:
473:
467:
230:
3098:"Potential role of fomites in the vehicular transmission of human astroviruses"
2421:"Astroviridae - Positive Sense RNA Viruses - Positive Sense RNA Viruses (2011)"
1892:
1326:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
421:, the genome is between 6.8 and 7.9 kb long. The genome is arranged into three
9198:
9154:
9048:
8809:
7618:
7608:
7360:
6960:
6287:
6037:
5429:
5102:
5080:
4725:
4664:
4000:
3757:
3312:
3047:
Midthun K, Greenberg HB, Kurtz JB, Gary GW, Lin FY, Kapikian AZ (April 1993).
2223:
2167:
1535:
892:
Bon et al. discover astrovirus in a gastroenteritis outbreak in Dijon, France
685:
353:
9539:
3096:
Abad FX, Villena C, Guix S, Caballero S, PintĂł RM, Bosch A (September 2001).
2653:
2496:"Neurotropic astrovirus in cattle with nonsuppurative encephalitis in Europe"
2447:"Neurotropic astrovirus in cattle with nonsuppurative encephalitis in Europe"
2175:
2118:
2024:
1967:
1769:
1592:
1543:
1486:
1429:
1159:
17:
9394:
9265:
8799:
8755:
7829:
7506:
7478:
6917:
5757:
5729:
5379:
5349:
5212:
5190:
5043:
4894:
4868:
4730:
4720:
4607:
4568:
4501:
4261:
4242:
4209:
4197:
4191:
4170:
4116:
4044:
4015:
3938:
3930:
3892:
3661:
3640:
3546:
3424:
3416:
3404:
2895:
1958:
1346:
1251:"Identification of structural domains involved in astrovirus capsid biology"
1047:
765:
was used to develop an antiviral therapy for both rotavirus and astrovirus.
677:
578:
103:
3331:
3239:
3180:
3139:
2940:
2913:
2872:
2823:
2774:
2731:
2671:
2529:
2480:
2406:
2388:
2357:
2348:
2331:
2291:
2242:
2183:
1985:
1910:
1864:
1811:
1754:
1711:
1610:
1551:
1365:
1284:
1266:
1235:
1177:
1065:
1024:
991:"A DNA oligonucleotide microarray for detecting human astrovirus serotypes"
441:
for ORF1a and ORF1b, with translation initiation thought to be mediated by
418:
410:
406:
3356:
3280:
3082:
3033:
2984:
2273:
2136:
2056:
Méndez E, Murillo A, Velázquez R, Burnham A, Arias CF (7 September 2012).
2042:
1651:
1504:
1447:
43:
9533:
5013:
4991:
4703:
4359:
4006:
3748:
3604:
2854:
2805:
2511:
2462:
1216:
1151:
854:
Jonassen et al. uses PCR to detect all known serotypes (7) of astrovirus
719:
681:
676:
The occurrence of astrovirus infections vary depending on the season. In
582:
241:, the Astroviridae comprise a third family of nonenveloped viruses whose
216:
2094:
2000:
1802:
962:
5065:
4831:
4735:
4707:
4112:
1855:
860:
In their sixth report, ICTV establishes Astroviridae as a viral family
712:
657:
624:
2330:
Fu Y, Pan M, Wang X, Xu Y, Xie X, Knowles NJ, et al. (May 2009).
1770:"Genetic heterogeneity and recombination in type-3 human astroviruses"
5531:
5149:
5035:
3721:
2961:. Archives of Virology Supplementum. Vol. 12. pp. 287–300.
2788:
Liu Y, Xu ZQ, Zhang Q, Jin M, Yu JM, Li JS, et al. (July 2012).
2568:
1583:
402:
394:
333:
258:
242:
9594:
9510:
1094:
Maclachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ, Barthold SW, Swayne DE, Winton JR (2017).
2927:"Infectious diseases in England and Wales: January to March 1999".
2199:"Ancient recombination events and the origins of hepatitis E virus"
360:
replication model. Astrovirus RNA is infectious and functions as a
4981:
4711:
4372:
4131:
3763:
3253:
Björkholm M, Celsing F, Runarsson G, Waldenström J (August 1995).
611:
586:
494:
Phylogenetic tree of astroviruses and the species infected by them
489:
384:
316:
208:
90:
2256:
Jindal N, Patnayak DP, Ziegler AF, Lago A, Goyal SM (May 2009).
9514:
9378:
9249:
8739:
7813:
7490:
6890:
5741:
5689:
4389:
3377:
321:
Schematics and crystal structures of HAstV-1 CP core and spike.
3598:
442:
414:
398:
329:
269:(humans and cattle), hepatitis (avian) and nephritis (avian).
250:
9581:
3196:"Detection of antibodies against Turkey astrovirus in humans"
3153:
Todd EC, Greig JD, Bartleson CA, Michaels BS (August 2007).
2569:"Astroviruses - Infectious Disease and Antimicrobial Agents"
1692:
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
1624:
Willcocks MM, Brown TD, Madeley CR, Carter MJ (July 1994).
2998:
Koopmans MP, Bijen MH, Monroe SS, Vinjé J (January 1998).
2888:
Gastroenteritis Viruses: Novartis Foundation Symposium 238
1040:
Gastroenteritis Viruses: Novartis Foundation Symposium 238
3294:
TĂ©llez MA, TĂ©llez AN, VĂ©lez F, Ulloa JC (December 2015).
1999:
GeigenmĂĽller U, Ginzton NH, Matsui SM (1 February 1997).
1404:
GeigenmĂĽller U, Ginzton NH, Matsui SM (1 February 1997).
1934:"Crystal structure of the human astrovirus capsid spike"
1322:"Crystal structure of the human astrovirus capsid spike"
1098:(Fifth ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press.
417:
protein. With the exclusion of polyadenylation at the
2425:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
9523:
9458:
9436:
9425:
9414:
9403:
9392:
9307:
9296:
9285:
9274:
9263:
9236:
9186:
9175:
9079:
9029:
9018:
8992:
8981:
8948:
8937:
8834:
8823:
8797:
8786:
8775:
8764:
8753:
8690:
8660:
8638:
8627:
8587:
8516:
8403:
8392:
8381:
8351:
8340:
8314:
8303:
8277:
8266:
8233:
8190:
8179:
8168:
8124:
8113:
8080:
8069:
8043:
8032:
7978:
7914:
7871:
7860:
7849:
7838:
7827:
7753:
7695:
7684:
7673:
7643:
7632:
7606:
7595:
7548:
7537:
7526:
7515:
7504:
7477:
7429:
7391:
7380:
7369:
7358:
7317:
7306:
7280:
7251:
7229:
7207:
7185:
7174:
7163:
7133:
7122:
7096:
7085:
7074:
7063:
7029:
7018:
7007:
6996:
6948:
6937:
6926:
6915:
6904:
6757:
6735:
6699:
6688:
6681:
6629:
6618:
6607:
6596:
6562:
6540:
6518:
6496:
6485:
6459:
6448:
6422:
6411:
6400:
6356:
6334:
6312:
6301:
6275:
6253:
6242:
6231:
6220:
6209:
6171:
6149:
6138:
6127:
6116:
6105:
5976:
5965:
5954:
5910:
5899:
5888:
5877:
5866:
5828:
5799:
5788:
5777:
5766:
5755:
5728:
5644:
5530:
5523:
5464:
5378:
5335:
5181:
5172:
5125:
5079:
5034:
4920:
4807:
4697:
4684:
4559:
4433:
4424:
4349:
4325:
4233:
4156:
4111:
4100:
3929:
3891:
3870:
3838:
3793:
3747:
3626:
3615:
3588:
3415:
759:In a study by Tellez et al., extracts from a plant
344:Astroviruses infect birds and mammals through the
1932:Dong J, Dong L, MĂ©ndez E, Tao Y (2 August 2011).
1902:20.500.11820/5e7c9e5b-ce5c-4bfc-94dc-c490d04b159b
668:have shown that 90% of children have antibody to
2197:Kelly AG, Netzler NE, White PA (October 2016).
1938:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1320:Dong J, Dong L, MĂ©ndez E, Tao Y (August 2011).
282:This family of viruses consists of two genera,
2952:
2950:
984:
982:
980:
471:. The non-structural region is related to the
397:composed of a single strand of positive sense
295:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
5701:
4401:
3389:
3004:Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology
1626:"The complete sequence of a human astrovirus"
8:
4507:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
229:). Astroviruses are 28–35 nm diameter,
2929:Communicable Disease Report. CDR Supplement
9511:
9433:
9422:
9411:
9400:
9389:
9375:
9304:
9293:
9282:
9271:
9260:
9246:
9242:
9183:
9026:
8989:
8945:
8831:
8794:
8783:
8772:
8761:
8750:
8736:
8635:
8400:
8389:
8348:
8311:
8274:
8187:
8176:
8121:
8077:
8040:
7868:
7857:
7846:
7835:
7824:
7810:
7692:
7681:
7640:
7603:
7545:
7534:
7523:
7512:
7501:
7487:
7483:
7388:
7377:
7366:
7314:
7182:
7171:
7130:
7093:
7082:
7071:
7026:
7015:
7004:
6945:
6934:
6923:
6912:
6901:
6887:
6696:
6685:
6626:
6615:
6604:
6493:
6456:
6419:
6408:
6309:
6250:
6239:
6228:
6217:
6146:
6135:
6124:
6113:
5973:
5962:
5907:
5896:
5885:
5874:
5796:
5785:
5774:
5763:
5752:
5738:
5734:
5708:
5694:
5686:
5527:
5178:
4694:
4546:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
4430:
4408:
4394:
4386:
4108:
3888:
3653:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
3623:
3396:
3382:
3374:
3300:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
2837:Bosch A, PintĂł RM, Guix S (October 2014).
1198:Bosch A, PintĂł RM, Guix S (October 2014).
691:Human astroviruses are transmitted by the
59:
42:
31:
3524:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
3321:
3311:
3270:
3229:
3219:
3170:
3129:
3072:
3023:
2862:
2813:
2661:
2643:
2519:
2470:
2396:
2347:
2281:
2232:
2222:
2126:
2077:
2032:
1975:
1957:
1900:
1854:
1801:
1641:
1600:
1582:
1494:
1437:
1355:
1345:
1274:
1225:
1215:
1167:
1014:
211:that was first discovered in 1975 using
2309:. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
1565:Arias CF, DuBois RM (19 January 2017).
933:
3102:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
4774:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
1129:
1127:
1125:
7:
2689:(Fifth ed.). Elsevier Science.
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
726:related and share genetic features.
3674:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
3259:International Journal of Hematology
2058:"Replication Cycle of Astroviruses"
2544:"The Epidemiology of Astroviruses"
1134:Bosch A, PintĂł RM, Guix S (2014).
465:capsid is related to those of the
25:
5659:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
5506:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
3993:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
3519:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
1827:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
1774:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
1727:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
1567:"The Astrovirus Capsid: A Review"
543:in infected mammals. In animals,
5404:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
3979:Middle East respiratory syndrome
3053:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
2794:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
2724:10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01759.x
2500:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
2451:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
77:
4645:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
4640:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
4517:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
3122:10.1128/AEM.67.9.3904-3907.2001
2712:Letters in Applied Microbiology
2336:The Journal of General Virology
2111:10.1128/JVI.68.9.5588-5595.1994
2017:10.1128/JVI.71.2.1713-1717.1997
1630:The Journal of General Virology
1479:10.1128/JVI.68.9.5588-5595.1994
1422:10.1128/JVI.71.2.1713-1717.1997
5399:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
5249:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
5071:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
3578:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
3564:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
2767:10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.10.012
2755:Journal of Virological Methods
2685:Dubovi EJ (30 November 2016).
2305:Swayne DE, Glisson JR (2013).
1007:10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.07.028
995:Journal of Virological Methods
1:
5456:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
3065:10.1128/JCM.31.4.955-962.1993
2843:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1204:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1140:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
955:10.1016/S0140-6736(75)90858-2
5365:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
4884:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
4492:Esophageal motility disorder
3783:Tropical spastic paraparesis
3688:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
3272:10.1016/0925-5710(95)00396-A
3221:10.1371/journal.pone.0096934
2967:10.1007/978-3-7091-6553-9_31
2687:Fenner's Veterinary Virology
2645:10.1371/journal.pone.0027483
2377:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2156:Journal of Molecular Biology
1847:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.09.015
1794:10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.011
1747:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.019
1524:Journal of Molecular Biology
1096:Fenner's Veterinary Virology
568:Signs and symptoms in humans
539:Mamastroviruses often cause
451:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
366:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
4146:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
4066:Human parainfluenza viruses
3739:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
3172:10.4315/0362-028X-70.8.1975
3016:10.1128/CDLI.5.1.33-37.1998
2070:10.1007/978-1-4614-4735-1_2
1704:10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.010
1643:10.1099/0022-1317-75-7-1785
664:studies carried out in the
413:but instead is linked to a
9693:
5350:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
4874:Functional colonic disease
4670:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
3159:Journal of Food Protection
1893:10.1007/s11262-019-01692-w
1380:"Astroviridae ~ ViralZone"
9388:
9374:
9259:
9245:
8749:
8735:
7823:
7809:
7500:
7486:
6900:
6886:
5751:
5737:
4551:Acute esophageal necrosis
3810:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
3362:African wildlife diseases
3313:10.1186/s12906-015-0949-0
2224:10.1186/s12862-016-0785-y
2168:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.02.044
1536:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.02.044
743:Astrovirus Immunoglobulin
688:in developing countries.
620:polymerase chain reaction
358:positive-strand RNA virus
215:following an outbreak of
176:
171:
72:
67:
58:
50:
41:
34:
4650:Gastric dumping syndrome
4525:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
4512:Diffuse esophageal spasm
3912:Infectious mononucleosis
3729:Chandipura vesiculovirus
3559:Hepatocellular carcinoma
3504:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
3437:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2203:BMC Evolutionary Biology
5266:Alcoholic liver disease
4799:Bile acid malabsorption
4743:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
3708:Encephalitis lethargica
3409:viral systemic diseases
2935:(4): S1-20. July 1999.
2896:10.1002/0470846534.ch14
1959:10.1073/pnas.1104834108
1347:10.1073/pnas.1104834108
1048:10.1002/0470846534.ch13
5276:Hepatic encephalopathy
4660:Buried bumper syndrome
4591:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
4475:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
4418:human digestive system
4080:Human orthopneumovirus
3734:Herpesviral meningitis
3695:Arbovirus encephalitis
2389:10.3201/eid2302.161436
2349:10.1099/vir.0.008599-0
1267:10.1089/vim.2005.18.17
767:Achyrocline bogotensis
762:Achyrocline bogotensis
753:Achyrocline bogotensis
610:, enzyme-immunoassay (
581:, followed by nausea,
495:
390:
322:
5501:Pancreatic pseudocyst
5370:Porcelain gallbladder
4482:Zenker's diverticulum
3538:Merkel-cell carcinoma
2959:Viral Gastroenteritis
2274:10.3382/ps.2008-00490
509:avian nephritis virus
493:
427:genetic recombination
388:
320:
5721:virus classification
5305:Hepatorenal syndrome
5244:Budd–Chiari syndrome
5201:Autoimmune hepatitis
5026:Intestinal adhesions
4784:Short bowel syndrome
4613:Functional dyspepsia
4531:Esophageal stricture
4497:Nutcracker esophagus
4183:Adenovirus infection
3647:Human polyomavirus 2
3476:Oropharyngeal cancer
2855:10.1128/cmr.00013-14
2839:"Human astroviruses"
2806:10.1128/JCM.06790-11
2512:10.1128/JCM.01195-14
2463:10.1128/JCM.01195-14
1384:viralzone.expasy.org
1217:10.1128/CMR.00013-14
1200:"Human astroviruses"
1152:10.1128/CMR.00013-14
1136:"Human Astroviruses"
715:virus transmission.
709:wastewater treatment
393:Astroviruses have a
245:is composed of plus-
213:electron microscopes
74:Virus classification
9672:Foodborne illnesses
8703:Permutotetraviridae
6462:Orthopolintovirales
5937:Malacoherpesviridae
5444:Choledocholithiasis
5315:Metabolic disorders
5281:Acute liver failure
5254:Portal hypertension
5206:Alcoholic hepatitis
5049:Radiation proctitis
4968:Mesenteric ischemia
4940:Gastroenterocolitis
4769:Blind loop syndrome
4579:Ménétrier's disease
4487:Barrett's esophagus
3769:Post-polio syndrome
3405:Infectious diseases
3212:2014PLoSO...996934M
3114:2001ApEnM..67.3904A
2636:2011PLoSO...627483W
2573:www.antimicrobe.org
2342:(Pt 5): 1104–1108.
2307:Diseases of Poultry
2215:2016BMCEE..16..210K
2099:Journal of Virology
2062:Astrovirus Research
2005:Journal of Virology
1950:2011PNAS..10812681D
1944:(31): 12681–12686.
1839:2013InfGE..20..330M
1786:2015InfGE..32..156M
1739:2012InfGE..12..435B
1667:Family Astroviridae
1467:Journal of Virology
1410:Journal of Virology
1338:2011PNAS..10812681D
1249:Krishna NK (2005).
608:Electron microscopy
423:open reading frames
401:. The strand has a
332:viruses with cubic
297:(ICTV) established
52:Electron micrograph
7021:Malgrandaviricetes
6656:Sphaerolipoviridae
6642:Matshushitaviridae
6234:Nucleocytoviricota
5619:Undefined location
5610:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
5511:Pancreatic fistula
5494:Pancreatic abscess
5449:Biliary dyskinesia
5420:Mirizzi's syndrome
4921:Large and/or small
4601:Dieulafoy's lesion
4470:Boerhaave syndrome
3902:Epstein–Barr virus
3872:Respiratory system
3509:Burkitt's lymphoma
3367:27 August 2016 at
1669:. Academic Press.
707:due to inadequate
616:immunofluorescence
496:
391:
323:
68:Astrovirus virion
9644:
9643:
9517:Taxon identifiers
9508:
9507:
9504:
9503:
9500:
9499:
9496:
9495:
9492:
9491:
9488:
9487:
9484:
9483:
9480:
9479:
9370:
9369:
9366:
9365:
9362:
9361:
9358:
9357:
9354:
9353:
9350:
9349:
9232:
9231:
9228:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9220:
9219:
9216:
9215:
9212:
9211:
9208:
9207:
9178:Yunchangviricetes
9171:
9170:
9014:
9013:
8977:
8976:
8933:
8932:
8819:
8818:
8731:
8730:
8727:
8726:
8723:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8686:
8685:
8682:
8681:
8623:
8622:
8377:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8336:
8335:
8299:
8298:
8262:
8261:
8164:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8137:Carmotetraviridae
8109:
8108:
8065:
8064:
8028:
8027:
8012:Gammaflexiviridae
8005:Deltaflexiviridae
7991:Alphaflexiviridae
7884:Alphatetraviridae
7805:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7749:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7669:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7628:
7627:
7591:
7590:
7540:Chrymotiviricetes
7473:
7472:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7425:
7424:
7421:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7302:
7301:
7198:Bacilladnaviridae
7159:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7118:
7117:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7051:
7050:
6992:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6882:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6840:Portogloboviridae
6753:
6752:
6677:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6481:
6480:
6444:
6443:
6403:Preplasmiviricota
6396:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6297:
6296:
6205:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6088:
5996:Autographiviridae
5950:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5923:Alloherpesviridae
5862:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5849:
5683:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5519:
5518:
5121:
5120:
4978:Bowel obstruction
4680:
4679:
4383:
4382:
4345:
4344:
4096:
4095:
4027:Influenza virus A
3944:Human coronavirus
3834:
3833:
3824:Herpes of the eye
2976:978-3-211-82875-5
2905:978-0-470-84653-7
2696:978-0-12-800946-8
1105:978-0-12-800946-8
1057:978-0-470-84653-7
755:antiviral therapy
650:immunocompromised
196:
195:
27:Family of viruses
16:(Redirected from
9684:
9667:Gastroenterology
9637:
9636:
9624:
9623:
9611:
9610:
9598:
9597:
9585:
9584:
9572:
9571:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9544:
9543:
9542:
9512:
9434:
9423:
9412:
9401:
9390:
9382:dsDNA-RT viruses
9376:
9305:
9294:
9283:
9272:
9261:
9253:ssRNA-RT viruses
9247:
9243:
9184:
9027:
8995:Serpentovirales
8990:
8968:Orthomyxoviridae
8946:
8896:Peribunyaviridae
8832:
8795:
8789:Chunqiuviricetes
8784:
8773:
8762:
8751:
8743:(–)ssRNA viruses
8737:
8636:
8479:Nanghoshaviridae
8401:
8390:
8364:Botourmiaviridae
8349:
8312:
8306:Howeltoviricetes
8275:
8269:Amabiliviricetes
8188:
8177:
8122:
8078:
8041:
7998:Betaflexiviridae
7869:
7858:
7847:
7836:
7825:
7817:(+)ssRNA viruses
7811:
7729:Picobirnaviridae
7693:
7687:Duplopiviricetes
7682:
7641:
7635:Vidaverviricetes
7604:
7598:Resentoviricetes
7568:Megabirnaviridae
7546:
7535:
7529:Duplornaviricota
7524:
7513:
7502:
7488:
7484:
7389:
7383:Huolimaviricetes
7378:
7367:
7315:
7309:Repensiviricetes
7183:
7172:
7166:Cressdnaviricota
7131:
7094:
7083:
7072:
7027:
7016:
7005:
6946:
6935:
6924:
6913:
6902:
6888:
6697:
6686:
6627:
6616:
6605:
6494:
6488:Tectiliviricetes
6457:
6451:Polintoviricetes
6425:Priklausovirales
6420:
6409:
6383:Marseilleviridae
6310:
6251:
6240:
6229:
6218:
6184:Papillomaviridae
6174:Zurhausenvirales
6147:
6136:
6125:
6114:
5989:Ackermannviridae
5974:
5963:
5908:
5897:
5886:
5875:
5841:Tristromaviridae
5812:Lipothrixviridae
5797:
5786:
5775:
5764:
5753:
5739:
5735:
5710:
5703:
5696:
5687:
5671:Pneumoperitoneum
5528:
5438:Common bile duct
5320:Wilson's disease
5310:Peliosis hepatis
5179:
5056:Proctalgia fugax
4963:Abdominal angina
4888:Ogilvie syndrome
4837:Pseudomembranous
4695:
4655:Gastric volvulus
4620:Pyloric stenosis
4431:
4416:Diseases of the
4410:
4403:
4396:
4387:
4109:
4104:digestive system
4021:Orthomyxoviridae
3987:SARS coronavirus
3973:MERS coronavirus
3889:
3701:Orthomyxoviridae
3624:
3590:Immune disorders
3514:Hodgkin lymphoma
3490:Kaposi's sarcoma
3398:
3391:
3384:
3375:
3336:
3335:
3325:
3315:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3223:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3174:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3133:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3027:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2817:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2647:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2598:web.stanford.edu
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2548:web.stanford.edu
2540:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2226:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2162:(5): 1137–1152.
2147:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2105:(9): 5588–5595.
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2036:
2011:(2): 1713–1717.
1996:
1990:
1989:
1979:
1961:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1904:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1665:Payne S (2017).
1662:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1604:
1586:
1584:10.3390/v9010015
1562:
1556:
1555:
1530:(5): 1137–1152.
1515:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1473:(9): 5588–5595.
1458:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1416:(2): 1713–1717.
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1278:
1255:Viral Immunology
1246:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1195:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1146:(4): 1048–1074.
1131:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1091:
1070:
1069:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1018:
986:
975:
974:
938:
724:phylogenetically
693:fecal–oral route
481:Species infected
346:fecal-oral route
253:genome within a
207:) are a type of
82:
81:
63:
54:of Astroviruses
46:
32:
21:
9692:
9691:
9687:
9686:
9685:
9683:
9682:
9681:
9647:
9646:
9645:
9640:
9632:
9627:
9619:
9614:
9606:
9601:
9593:
9588:
9580:
9575:
9567:
9562:
9553:
9552:
9547:
9538:
9537:
9532:
9519:
9509:
9476:
9454:
9428:Revtraviricetes
9384:
9346:
9299:Revtraviricetes
9255:
9204:
9167:
9134:Paramyxoviridae
9082:Mononegavirales
9075:
9056:Crepuscuviridae
9010:
8973:
8951:Articulavirales
8940:Insthoviricetes
8929:
8815:
8778:Negarnaviricota
8745:
8715:
8678:
8656:
8630:Stelpaviricetes
8619:
8583:
8578:Polycipiviridae
8571:Dicistroviridae
8512:
8395:Pisoniviricetes
8369:
8332:
8295:
8258:
8229:
8156:
8116:Tolucaviricetes
8105:
8061:
8046:Amarillovirales
8024:
7974:
7934:Closteroviridae
7917:Martellivirales
7910:
7852:Kitrinoviricota
7819:
7789:
7773:Polymycoviridae
7741:
7661:
7624:
7587:
7496:
7461:
7449:Finnlakeviridae
7409:
7404:Pleolipoviridae
7342:
7298:
7276:
7247:
7225:
7203:
7151:
7125:Quintoviricetes
7114:
7047:
6980:
6896:
6870:
6749:
6731:
6661:
6632:Halopanivirales
6580:
6558:
6536:
6514:
6477:
6440:
6414:Maveriviricetes
6388:
6352:
6330:
6325:Phycodnaviridae
6293:
6271:
6245:Pokkesviricetes
6189:
6167:
6141:Papovaviricetes
6085:
6052:Rountreeviridae
5942:
5846:
5824:
5747:
5724:
5714:
5684:
5675:
5640:
5629:Internal hernia
5515:
5460:
5425:Biliary fistula
5383:
5374:
5360:Adenomyomatosis
5355:Cholesterolosis
5331:
5325:Hemochromatosis
5196:Viral hepatitis
5168:
5117:
5075:
5061:Rectal prolapse
5030:
4997:Fecal impaction
4987:Intussusception
4950:Crohn's disease
4916:
4899:Toxic megacolon
4811:
4809:Large intestine
4803:
4748:Curling's ulcer
4701:
4699:Small intestine
4688:
4676:
4584:Gastroenteritis
4555:
4420:
4414:
4384:
4379:
4341:
4321:
4229:
4203:Gastroenteritis
4161:
4158:Gastroenteritis
4152:
4140:Cytomegalovirus
4103:
4092:
4060:Paramyxoviridae
4049:Avian influenza
3925:
3920:Cytomegalovirus
3884:viral pneumonia
3882:
3879:nasopharyngitis
3878:
3875:
3866:
3830:
3804:Cytomegalovirus
3789:
3743:
3631:
3618:
3611:
3584:
3451:Cervical cancer
3411:
3402:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3046:
3045:
3041:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2977:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2906:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2262:Poultry Science
2255:
2254:
2250:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2055:
2054:
2050:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1332:(31): 12681–6.
1319:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1073:
1058:
1037:
1036:
1032:
988:
987:
978:
949:(7932): 451–2.
940:
939:
935:
930:
776:
757:
745:
740:
732:
646:
637:
629:gastroenteritis
605:
574:gastroenteritis
570:
561:Mamastroviruses
555:apocrine glands
545:gastroenteritis
541:gastroenteritis
537:
488:
483:
459:
435:
383:
374:
342:
315:
280:
275:
263:gastroenteritis
141:Stelpaviricetes
76:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9690:
9688:
9680:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9657:Viral diseases
9649:
9648:
9642:
9641:
9639:
9638:
9625:
9612:
9599:
9586:
9573:
9560:
9545:
9529:
9527:
9521:
9520:
9515:
9506:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9498:
9497:
9494:
9493:
9490:
9489:
9486:
9485:
9482:
9481:
9478:
9477:
9475:
9474:
9471:Caulimoviridae
9466:
9464:
9456:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9449:Hepadnaviridae
9444:
9442:
9431:
9420:
9417:Artverviricota
9409:
9398:
9386:
9385:
9379:
9372:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9348:
9347:
9345:
9344:
9337:
9330:
9323:
9315:
9313:
9302:
9291:
9288:Artverviricota
9280:
9269:
9257:
9256:
9250:
9240:
9234:
9233:
9230:
9229:
9226:
9225:
9222:
9221:
9218:
9217:
9214:
9213:
9210:
9209:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9202:
9194:
9192:
9189:Goujianvirales
9181:
9173:
9172:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9158:
9151:
9144:
9137:
9130:
9123:
9116:
9109:
9102:
9095:
9087:
9085:
9077:
9076:
9074:
9073:
9066:
9059:
9052:
9045:
9037:
9035:
9032:Jingchuvirales
9024:
9021:Monjiviricetes
9016:
9015:
9012:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9000:
8998:
8987:
8984:Milneviricetes
8979:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8964:
8956:
8954:
8943:
8935:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8927:
8920:
8913:
8906:
8899:
8892:
8885:
8878:
8875:Leishbuviridae
8871:
8864:
8857:
8850:
8842:
8840:
8829:
8826:Ellioviricetes
8821:
8820:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8813:
8805:
8803:
8792:
8781:
8770:
8759:
8747:
8746:
8740:
8733:
8732:
8729:
8728:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8713:
8710:Sarthroviridae
8706:
8694:
8692:
8688:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8680:
8679:
8677:
8676:
8668:
8666:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8654:
8646:
8644:
8633:
8625:
8624:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8617:
8610:
8603:
8600:Alvernaviridae
8595:
8593:
8585:
8584:
8582:
8581:
8574:
8567:
8560:
8553:
8546:
8543:Solinviviridae
8539:
8532:
8529:Picornaviridae
8524:
8522:
8519:Picornavirales
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8503:
8496:
8489:
8486:Nanhypoviridae
8482:
8475:
8468:
8461:
8458:Medioniviridae
8454:
8447:
8440:
8433:
8430:Cremegaviridae
8426:
8419:
8411:
8409:
8398:
8387:
8379:
8378:
8375:
8374:
8371:
8370:
8368:
8367:
8359:
8357:
8346:
8338:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8330:
8322:
8320:
8309:
8301:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8293:
8285:
8283:
8280:Wolframvirales
8272:
8264:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8256:
8249:
8241:
8239:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8227:
8220:
8213:
8206:
8198:
8196:
8185:
8174:
8166:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8154:
8147:
8140:
8132:
8130:
8119:
8111:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8103:
8100:Sinhaliviridae
8096:
8088:
8086:
8075:
8072:Magsaviricetes
8067:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8051:
8049:
8038:
8035:Flasuviricetes
8030:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8015:
8008:
8001:
7994:
7986:
7984:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7972:
7965:
7958:
7951:
7944:
7941:Endornaviridae
7937:
7930:
7922:
7920:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7901:
7894:
7887:
7879:
7877:
7866:
7855:
7844:
7833:
7821:
7820:
7814:
7807:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7784:Botybirnavirus
7776:
7769:
7757:
7755:
7751:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7736:Partitiviridae
7732:
7725:
7718:
7715:Curvulaviridae
7711:
7703:
7701:
7690:
7679:
7671:
7670:
7667:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7659:
7651:
7649:
7638:
7630:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7622:
7614:
7612:
7601:
7593:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7556:
7554:
7543:
7532:
7521:
7510:
7498:
7497:
7491:
7481:
7475:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7459:
7452:
7445:
7433:
7431:
7427:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7419:
7418:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7399:
7397:
7386:
7375:
7364:
7356:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7333:
7325:
7323:
7320:Geplafuvirales
7312:
7304:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7296:
7293:Redondoviridae
7288:
7286:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7267:
7259:
7257:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7237:
7235:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7223:
7215:
7213:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7193:
7191:
7180:
7169:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7141:
7139:
7128:
7120:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7104:
7102:
7091:
7080:
7069:
7061:
7060:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7045:
7037:
7035:
7024:
7013:
7002:
6994:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6975:Plectroviridae
6971:
6968:Paulinoviridae
6964:
6956:
6954:
6943:
6940:Faserviricetes
6932:
6929:Hofneiviricota
6921:
6910:
6898:
6897:
6891:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6833:Polydnaviridae
6829:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6801:
6798:Globuloviridae
6794:
6791:Fuselloviridae
6787:
6780:
6777:Bicaudaviridae
6773:
6770:Ampullaviridae
6761:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6739:
6737:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6722:
6719:Hytrosaviridae
6715:
6707:
6705:
6694:
6691:Naldaviricetes
6683:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6652:
6645:
6637:
6635:
6624:
6621:Laserviricetes
6613:
6610:Dividoviricota
6602:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6575:Corticoviridae
6570:
6568:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6548:
6546:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6526:
6524:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6504:
6502:
6491:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6467:
6465:
6454:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6430:
6428:
6417:
6406:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6364:
6362:
6359:Pimascovirales
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6342:
6340:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6320:
6318:
6307:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6283:
6281:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6261:
6259:
6248:
6237:
6226:
6215:
6207:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6179:
6177:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6162:Polyomaviridae
6157:
6155:
6144:
6133:
6122:
6111:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6059:Salasmaviridae
6055:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6031:Herelleviridae
6027:
6020:
6017:Drexlerviridae
6013:
6010:Demerecviridae
6006:
5999:
5992:
5984:
5982:
5971:
5968:Caudoviricetes
5960:
5952:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5918:
5916:
5905:
5902:Herviviricetes
5894:
5883:
5880:Heunggongvirae
5872:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5836:
5834:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5815:
5807:
5805:
5802:Ligamenvirales
5794:
5783:
5772:
5761:
5749:
5748:
5742:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5705:
5698:
5690:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5666:Hemoperitoneum
5663:
5662:
5661:
5650:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5536:
5534:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5470:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5390:
5388:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5187:
5185:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5137:
5135:Blood in stool
5131:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5108:Anal dysplasia
5105:
5100:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5011:
5010:
5009:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4975:
4973:Angiodysplasia
4970:
4965:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4942:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4908:Diverticulosis
4904:Diverticulitis
4901:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4881:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4829:
4823:
4821:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4794:Milroy disease
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4764:Tropical sprue
4761:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4717:
4715:
4692:
4686:Lower GI tract
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4565:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4439:
4437:
4428:
4426:Upper GI tract
4422:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4363:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4307:
4295:
4283:
4271:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4121:
4119:
4106:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3897:
3895:
3886:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3844:
3842:
3840:Cardiovascular
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3621:
3619:nervous system
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3471:Vaginal cancer
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3343:External links
3341:
3338:
3337:
3286:
3245:
3186:
3165:(8): 1975–93.
3145:
3088:
3039:
2990:
2975:
2946:
2919:
2904:
2878:
2849:(4): 1048–74.
2829:
2780:
2745:
2702:
2695:
2677:
2630:(11): e27483.
2610:
2594:"Astroviridae"
2585:
2560:
2535:
2506:(9): 3318–24.
2486:
2457:(9): 3318–24.
2437:
2412:
2383:(2): 288–290.
2363:
2322:
2315:
2297:
2248:
2189:
2142:
2085:
2048:
1991:
1924:
1887:(5): 673–681.
1870:
1817:
1760:
1717:
1682:
1675:
1657:
1616:
1557:
1510:
1453:
1396:
1371:
1312:
1290:
1241:
1210:(4): 1048–74.
1183:
1121:
1111:
1104:
1071:
1056:
1030:
976:
932:
931:
929:
926:
775:
772:
756:
750:
744:
741:
739:
736:
731:
728:
662:Seroprevalence
645:
642:
640:pathogenesis.
636:
633:
604:
601:
569:
566:
536:
533:
522:Avastroviruses
487:
484:
482:
479:
458:
455:
434:
431:
382:
379:
373:
370:
350:tissue tropism
348:. They have a
341:
338:
314:
311:
279:
276:
274:
271:
235:Picornaviridae
194:
193:
192:
191:
184:
174:
173:
169:
168:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
113:
109:
108:
101:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
70:
69:
65:
64:
56:
55:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9689:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9635:
9630:
9626:
9622:
9617:
9613:
9609:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9591:
9587:
9583:
9578:
9574:
9570:
9565:
9561:
9556:
9550:
9546:
9541:
9535:
9531:
9530:
9528:
9526:
9522:
9518:
9513:
9473:
9472:
9468:
9467:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9457:
9451:
9450:
9446:
9445:
9443:
9441:
9440:
9439:Blubervirales
9435:
9432:
9430:
9429:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9418:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9407:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9391:
9387:
9383:
9377:
9373:
9343:
9342:
9338:
9336:
9335:
9334:Pseudoviridae
9331:
9329:
9328:
9324:
9322:
9321:
9320:Belpaoviridae
9317:
9316:
9314:
9312:
9311:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9300:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9289:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9278:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9267:
9262:
9258:
9254:
9248:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9235:
9201:
9200:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9191:
9190:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9179:
9174:
9164:
9163:
9159:
9157:
9156:
9152:
9150:
9149:
9148:Rhabdoviridae
9145:
9143:
9142:
9141:Pneumoviridae
9138:
9136:
9135:
9131:
9129:
9128:
9124:
9122:
9121:
9120:Mymonaviridae
9117:
9115:
9114:
9110:
9108:
9107:
9103:
9101:
9100:
9096:
9094:
9093:
9089:
9088:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9072:
9071:
9070:Natareviridae
9067:
9065:
9064:
9060:
9058:
9057:
9053:
9051:
9050:
9046:
9044:
9043:
9039:
9038:
9036:
9034:
9033:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9017:
9007:
9006:
9002:
9001:
8999:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8985:
8980:
8970:
8969:
8965:
8963:
8962:
8961:Amnoonviridae
8958:
8957:
8955:
8953:
8952:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8941:
8936:
8926:
8925:
8924:Wupedeviridae
8921:
8919:
8918:
8914:
8912:
8911:
8910:Phenuiviridae
8907:
8905:
8904:
8903:Phasmaviridae
8900:
8898:
8897:
8893:
8891:
8890:
8886:
8884:
8883:
8879:
8877:
8876:
8872:
8870:
8869:
8865:
8863:
8862:
8858:
8856:
8855:
8851:
8849:
8848:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8838:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8827:
8822:
8812:
8811:
8807:
8806:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8779:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8768:
8767:Orthornavirae
8763:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8752:
8748:
8744:
8738:
8734:
8712:
8711:
8707:
8705:
8704:
8699:
8696:
8695:
8693:
8689:
8675:
8674:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8663:Stellavirales
8659:
8653:
8652:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8641:Patatavirales
8637:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8626:
8616:
8615:
8614:Solemoviridae
8611:
8609:
8608:
8604:
8602:
8601:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8592:
8591:
8590:Sobelivirales
8586:
8580:
8579:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8568:
8566:
8565:
8561:
8559:
8558:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8550:Caliciviridae
8547:
8545:
8544:
8540:
8538:
8537:
8533:
8531:
8530:
8526:
8525:
8523:
8521:
8520:
8515:
8509:
8508:
8507:Tobaniviridae
8504:
8502:
8501:
8497:
8495:
8494:
8490:
8488:
8487:
8483:
8481:
8480:
8476:
8474:
8473:
8472:Mononiviridae
8469:
8467:
8466:
8465:Mesoniviridae
8462:
8460:
8459:
8455:
8453:
8452:
8451:Gresnaviridae
8448:
8446:
8445:
8444:Euroniviridae
8441:
8439:
8438:
8437:Coronaviridae
8434:
8432:
8431:
8427:
8425:
8424:
8423:Arteriviridae
8420:
8418:
8417:
8416:Abyssoviridae
8413:
8412:
8410:
8408:
8407:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8385:
8380:
8366:
8365:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8344:
8339:
8329:
8328:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8319:
8318:
8317:Cryppavirales
8313:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8302:
8292:
8291:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8255:
8254:
8253:Steitzviridae
8250:
8248:
8247:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8232:
8226:
8225:
8224:Solspiviridae
8221:
8219:
8218:
8214:
8212:
8211:
8207:
8205:
8204:
8203:Atkinsviridae
8200:
8199:
8197:
8195:
8194:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8182:Leviviricetes
8178:
8175:
8173:
8172:
8171:Lenarviricota
8167:
8153:
8152:
8151:Tombusviridae
8148:
8146:
8145:
8141:
8139:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8128:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8102:
8101:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8090:
8089:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8083:Nodamuvirales
8079:
8076:
8074:
8073:
8068:
8058:
8057:
8053:
8052:
8050:
8048:
8047:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8021:
8020:
8016:
8014:
8013:
8009:
8007:
8006:
8002:
8000:
7999:
7995:
7993:
7992:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7983:
7982:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7966:
7964:
7963:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7945:
7943:
7942:
7938:
7936:
7935:
7931:
7929:
7928:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7907:
7906:
7905:Matonaviridae
7902:
7900:
7899:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7874:Hepelivirales
7870:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7863:Alsuviricetes
7859:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7841:Orthornavirae
7837:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7822:
7818:
7812:
7808:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7752:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7724:
7723:
7719:
7717:
7716:
7712:
7710:
7709:
7708:Amalgaviridae
7705:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7699:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7688:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7677:
7672:
7658:
7657:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7648:
7647:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7621:
7620:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7610:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7584:
7583:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7575:Quadriviridae
7572:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7563:
7562:
7561:Chrysoviridae
7558:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7552:
7551:Ghabrivirales
7547:
7544:
7542:
7541:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7519:
7518:Orthornavirae
7514:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7494:dsRNA viruses
7489:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7458:
7457:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7446:
7444:
7443:
7442:Anelloviridae
7438:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7428:
7406:
7405:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7394:Haloruvirales
7390:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7362:
7357:
7339:
7338:
7337:Genomoviridae
7334:
7332:
7331:
7330:Geminiviridae
7327:
7326:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7310:
7305:
7295:
7294:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7264:Metaxyviridae
7261:
7260:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7233:
7228:
7222:
7221:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7206:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7189:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7178:
7177:Arfiviricetes
7173:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7162:
7148:
7147:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7111:
7110:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7100:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7077:Cossaviricota
7073:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7044:
7043:
7039:
7038:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6951:Tubulavirales
6947:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6919:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6894:ssDNA viruses
6889:
6885:
6867:
6866:
6865:Rhizidiovirus
6862:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6847:Thaspiviridae
6844:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6826:Plasmaviridae
6823:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6812:Halspiviridae
6809:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6746:
6745:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6714:
6713:
6712:Baculoviridae
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6703:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6658:
6657:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6649:Simuloviridae
6646:
6644:
6643:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6599:Helvetiavirae
6595:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6544:
6539:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6521:Kalamavirales
6517:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6499:Belfryvirales
6495:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6484:
6474:
6473:
6472:Adintoviridae
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6437:
6436:
6435:Lavidaviridae
6432:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6337:Imitervirales
6333:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6304:Megaviricetes
6300:
6290:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6186:
6185:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6152:Sepolyvirales
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6130:Cossaviricota
6126:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6082:
6081:
6080:Zobellviridae
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6066:Schitoviridae
6063:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6024:Guelinviridae
6021:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5939:
5938:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5930:Herpesviridae
5927:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5913:Herpesvirales
5909:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5891:Peploviricota
5887:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5869:Duplodnaviria
5865:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5791:Tokiviricetes
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5780:Taleaviricota
5776:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5745:dsDNA viruses
5740:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5711:
5706:
5704:
5699:
5697:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5540:Diaphragmatic
5538:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:Cholecystitis
5343:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5288:Liver abscess
5286:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5271:Liver failure
5269:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4928:Enterocolitis
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4755:Malabsorption
4753:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:Gastroparesis
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:Cushing ulcer
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:Megaesophagus
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4099:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4072:Parainfluenza
4070:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3908:EBV infection
3906:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3869:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:Poliomyelitis
3762:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:Vulvar cancer
3464:
3462:
3461:Penile cancer
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3370:
3369:archive.today
3366:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3265:(2): 117–20.
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3206:(5): e96934.
3205:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3108:(9): 3904–7.
3107:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3059:(4): 955–62.
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2800:(7): 2384–9.
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2316:9781118720028
2312:
2308:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2268:(5): 949–58.
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:(2): 435–42.
1732:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1676:9780128031094
1672:
1668:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1636:(7): 1785–8.
1635:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
985:
983:
981:
977:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
937:
934:
927:
925:
922:
918:
916:
912:
910:
906:
903:
899:
897:
893:
891:
887:
885:
881:
879:
875:
872:
868:
865:
861:
859:
855:
853:
849:
846:
842:
840:
836:
834:
830:
828:
824:
822:
818:
816:
812:
810:
806:
804:
800:
798:
794:
792:
788:
786:
782:
780:
773:
771:
768:
764:
763:
754:
751:
749:
742:
737:
735:
729:
727:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
674:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
643:
641:
634:
632:
630:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
602:
600:
597:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:symptoms are
575:
567:
565:
562:
558:
556:
552:
551:
550:Mamastrovirus
546:
542:
535:Mamastrovirus
534:
532:
530:
529:
524:
523:
517:
515:
510:
505:
502:
492:
485:
480:
478:
476:
475:
470:
469:
464:
456:
454:
452:
448:
447:Caliciviridae
444:
440:
439:messenger RNA
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
387:
380:
378:
371:
369:
367:
363:
362:messenger RNA
359:
355:
351:
347:
339:
337:
335:
331:
328:
327:non-enveloped
319:
312:
310:
308:
307:Mamastrovirus
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
288:Mamastrovirus
285:
277:
272:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:non-enveloped
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Caliciviridae
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:
222:Mamastrovirus
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
200:
190:
189:
188:Mamastrovirus
185:
183:
182:
178:
177:
175:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
153:Stellavirales
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:Orthornavirae
114:
111:
110:
107:
106:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
80:
75:
71:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
18:Stellavirales
9662:Astroviridae
9555:Astroviridae
9525:Astroviridae
9524:
9469:
9461:Ortervirales
9459:
9447:
9437:
9426:
9415:
9406:Pararnavirae
9404:
9393:
9341:Retroviridae
9339:
9332:
9325:
9318:
9310:Ortervirales
9308:
9297:
9286:
9277:Pararnavirae
9275:
9264:
9197:
9187:
9176:
9162:Xinmoviridae
9160:
9153:
9146:
9139:
9132:
9127:Nyamiviridae
9125:
9118:
9113:Lispiviridae
9111:
9104:
9099:Bornaviridae
9097:
9090:
9080:
9068:
9063:Myriaviridae
9061:
9054:
9047:
9042:Aliusviridae
9040:
9030:
9019:
9003:
8993:
8982:
8966:
8959:
8949:
8938:
8922:
8917:Tospoviridae
8915:
8908:
8901:
8894:
8889:Nairoviridae
8887:
8880:
8873:
8868:Hantaviridae
8866:
8859:
8854:Arenaviridae
8852:
8847:Cruliviridae
8845:
8837:Bunyavirales
8835:
8824:
8808:
8798:
8787:
8776:
8765:
8754:
8708:
8701:
8697:
8673:Astroviridae
8671:
8661:
8649:
8639:
8628:
8612:
8607:Barnaviridae
8605:
8598:
8588:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8555:
8548:
8541:
8536:Marnaviridae
8534:
8527:
8517:
8505:
8498:
8493:Olifoviridae
8491:
8484:
8477:
8470:
8463:
8456:
8449:
8442:
8435:
8428:
8421:
8414:
8404:
8393:
8384:Pisuviricota
8382:
8362:
8354:Ourlivirales
8352:
8343:Miaviricetes
8341:
8325:
8315:
8304:
8290:Narnaviridae
8288:
8278:
8267:
8251:
8246:Blumeviridae
8244:
8236:Timlovirales
8234:
8222:
8217:Fiersviridae
8215:
8208:
8201:
8193:Norzivirales
8191:
8180:
8169:
8149:
8144:Luteoviridae
8142:
8135:
8125:
8114:
8098:
8091:
8081:
8070:
8056:Flaviviridae
8054:
8044:
8033:
8017:
8010:
8003:
7996:
7989:
7979:
7969:Virgaviridae
7967:
7960:
7953:
7946:
7939:
7932:
7927:Bromoviridae
7925:
7915:
7903:
7896:
7889:
7882:
7872:
7861:
7850:
7839:
7828:
7782:
7778:
7771:
7766:Birnaviridae
7764:
7760:
7734:
7727:
7720:
7713:
7706:
7698:Durnavirales
7696:
7685:
7676:Pisuviricota
7674:
7656:Cystoviridae
7654:
7646:Mindivirales
7644:
7633:
7617:
7607:
7596:
7580:
7573:
7566:
7559:
7549:
7538:
7527:
7516:
7505:
7456:Spiraviridae
7454:
7447:
7440:
7436:
7402:
7392:
7381:
7372:Saleviricota
7370:
7359:
7335:
7328:
7318:
7307:
7291:
7283:Recrevirales
7281:
7269:
7262:
7254:Mulpavirales
7252:
7242:Smacoviridae
7240:
7232:Cremevirales
7230:
7220:Circoviridae
7218:
7210:Cirlivirales
7208:
7196:
7188:Baphyvirales
7186:
7175:
7164:
7146:Parvoviridae
7144:
7136:Piccovirales
7134:
7123:
7109:Bidnaviridae
7107:
7097:
7088:Mouviricetes
7086:
7075:
7066:Shotokuvirae
7064:
7042:Microviridae
7040:
7032:Petitvirales
7030:
7019:
7010:Phixviricota
7008:
6997:
6973:
6966:
6959:
6949:
6938:
6927:
6916:
6907:Monodnaviria
6905:
6863:
6858:Dinodnavirus
6856:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6831:
6824:
6819:Ovaliviridae
6817:
6810:
6805:Guttaviridae
6803:
6796:
6789:
6784:Clavaviridae
6782:
6775:
6768:
6764:
6742:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6700:
6689:
6654:
6647:
6640:
6630:
6619:
6608:
6597:
6573:
6563:
6553:Adenoviridae
6551:
6541:
6531:Tectiviridae
6529:
6519:
6509:Turriviridae
6507:
6497:
6486:
6470:
6460:
6449:
6433:
6423:
6412:
6401:
6381:
6376:Iridoviridae
6374:
6367:
6357:
6345:
6335:
6323:
6313:
6302:
6286:
6278:Chitovirales
6276:
6266:Asfarviridae
6264:
6254:
6243:
6232:
6223:Bamfordvirae
6221:
6212:Varidnaviria
6210:
6182:
6172:
6160:
6150:
6139:
6128:
6119:Shotokuvirae
6117:
6108:Monodnaviria
6106:
6078:
6073:Siphoviridae
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6003:Chaseviridae
6001:
5994:
5987:
5979:Caudovirales
5977:
5966:
5955:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5911:
5900:
5889:
5878:
5867:
5839:
5831:Primavirales
5829:
5817:
5810:
5800:
5789:
5778:
5767:
5756:
5618:
5597:
5474:Pancreatitis
5436:
5386:biliary tree
5259:Nutmeg liver
5236:
5162:Hematochezia
5113:Pruritus ani
5098:Anal abscess
5093:Anal fistula
5089:Anal fissure
5002:Constipation
4956:
4827:Appendicitis
4635:Gastroptosis
4625:Achlorhydria
4464:
4453:Eosinophilic
4365:
4358:
4334:
4327:Pancreatitis
4309:
4297:
4285:
4273:
4266:
4247:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4196:
4175:
4138:
4124:
4085:
4078:
4064:
4058:
4025:
4019:
3999:
3985:
3971:
3942:
3918:
3900:
3855:Pericarditis
3847:
3816:
3802:
3775:
3756:
3714:
3699:
3680:
3666:
3645:
3628:Encephalitis
3597:
3570:
3551:
3530:
3496:
3482:
3443:
3429:
3351:Astroviridae
3350:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3203:
3199:
3189:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2958:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2887:
2881:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2718:(2): 103–5.
2715:
2711:
2705:
2686:
2680:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2597:
2588:
2576:. Retrieved
2572:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2547:
2538:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:
2415:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2306:
2300:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2061:
2051:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1803:11586/158908
1777:
1773:
1763:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1666:
1660:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:"Viral Zone"
1293:
1261:(1): 17–26.
1258:
1254:
1244:
1207:
1203:
1143:
1139:
1114:
1095:
1039:
1033:
1001:(1): 86–92.
998:
994:
946:
942:
936:
920:
919:
914:
913:
908:
907:
901:
900:
895:
894:
889:
888:
883:
882:
877:
876:
870:
869:
863:
862:
857:
856:
851:
850:
844:
843:
838:
837:
832:
831:
826:
825:
820:
819:
814:
813:
808:
807:
802:
801:
796:
795:
790:
789:
784:
783:
778:
777:
766:
760:
758:
752:
746:
733:
717:
705:marine water
690:
675:
647:
644:Epidemiology
638:
635:Pathogenesis
606:
598:
595:
571:
559:
548:
538:
531:infections.
528:Avastrovirus
526:
520:
518:
514:avastrovirus
506:
497:
486:Avastrovirus
472:
466:
463:Astroviridae
462:
460:
436:
405:tail at the
392:
375:
343:
324:
306:
303:Avastrovirus
302:
299:Astroviridae
298:
292:
286:(AAstV) and
284:Avastrovirus
281:
273:Microbiology
267:encephalitis
257:icosahedral
227:Avastrovirus
226:
220:
204:Astroviridae
203:
202:
199:Astroviruses
198:
197:
186:
181:Avastrovirus
179:
165:Astroviridae
164:
163:
152:
151:
140:
129:Pisuviricota
128:
116:
104:
97:
87:(unranked):
36:Astroviridae
35:
29:
9549:Wikispecies
9327:Metaviridae
9106:Filoviridae
9092:Artoviridae
9005:Aspiviridae
8882:Mypoviridae
8861:Fimoviridae
8651:Potyviridae
8564:Secoviridae
8557:Iflaviridae
8500:Roniviridae
8406:Nidovirales
8327:Mitoviridae
8210:Duinviridae
8127:Tolivirales
8093:Nodaviridae
8019:Tymoviridae
7981:Tymovirales
7962:Togaviridae
7955:Mayoviridae
7948:Kitaviridae
7898:Hepeviridae
7891:Benyviridae
7722:Hypoviridae
7582:Totiviridae
7271:Nanoviridae
7099:Polivirales
6999:Sangervirae
6744:Nimaviridae
6726:Nudiviridae
6702:Lefavirales
6565:Vinavirales
6543:Rowavirales
6369:Ascoviridae
6347:Mimiviridae
6315:Algavirales
6256:Asfuvirales
6045:Podoviridae
5957:Uroviricota
5819:Rudiviridae
5769:Zilligvirae
5654:Peritonitis
5416:Cholestasis
5394:Cholangitis
5337:Gallbladder
5225:Fatty liver
5145:Hematemesis
5127:GI bleeding
4933:Necrotizing
4862:Lymphocytic
4857:Collagenous
4852:Microscopic
4789:Steatorrhea
4690:Enteropathy
4536:Inlet patch
4458:Herpetiform
4443:Esophagitis
4224:Coronavirus
3965:Common cold
3877:acute viral
3860:Myocarditis
3704:(probable)
3456:Anal cancer
3349:Viralzone:
3010:(1): 33–7.
2761:(1): 14–9.
2603:11 November
1881:Virus Genes
1856:10447/88045
1698:(1): 1–14.
701:fresh water
697:groundwater
591:dehydration
501:Post mortem
474:Potyviridae
468:Tymoviridae
445:similar to
433:Replication
354:enterocytes
231:icosahedral
9651:Categories
9199:Yueviridae
9155:Sunviridae
9049:Chuviridae
8810:Qinviridae
8691:Unassigned
7754:Unassigned
7619:Reoviridae
7609:Reovirales
7430:Unassigned
7361:Trapavirae
6961:Inoviridae
6758:Unassigned
6736:Unassigned
6682:Unassigned
6288:Poxviridae
6038:Myoviridae
5646:Peritoneal
5624:Incisional
5545:Congenital
5489:Hereditary
5466:Pancreatic
5430:Haemobilia
5103:Hemorrhoid
5081:Anal canal
5019:Infectious
5007:Functional
4842:Ulcerative
4726:Duodenitis
4665:Gastrinoma
4351:Urogenital
4217:Astrovirus
4177:Adenovirus
4001:SARS-CoV-2
3758:Poliovirus
3633:meningitis
3306:(1): 428.
2578:15 October
2553:15 October
2209:(1): 210.
1780:: 156–60.
928:References
791:1976-1992:
730:Prevention
686:sanitation
519:In birds,
372:Morphology
340:Life cycle
9677:Riboviria
9395:Riboviria
9266:Riboviria
8800:Muvirales
8756:Riboviria
7830:Riboviria
7507:Riboviria
6918:Loebvirae
5758:Adnaviria
5717:Baltimore
5634:Richter's
5591:Spigelian
5586:Obturator
5576:Umbilical
5409:Ascending
5380:Bile duct
5213:Cirrhosis
5191:Hepatitis
5174:Accessory
5044:Proctitis
4895:Megacolon
4869:Dysentery
4779:Whipple's
4731:Jejunitis
4721:Enteritis
4608:Dyspepsia
4569:Gastritis
4502:Achalasia
4435:Esophagus
4262:RNA virus
4243:DNA virus
4235:Hepatitis
4210:Norovirus
4198:Rotavirus
4192:RNA virus
4171:DNA virus
4117:Esophagus
4045:Influenza
3931:RNA virus
3893:DNA virus
3662:RNA virus
3641:DNA virus
3547:RNA virus
3425:DNA virus
3417:Oncovirus
2654:1932-6203
2176:0022-2836
2119:0022-538X
2064:: 19–45.
2025:0022-538X
1968:0027-8424
1919:199380888
1833:: 330–5.
1593:1999-4915
1577:(1): 15.
1544:0022-2836
1487:0022-538X
1430:0022-538X
1160:0893-8512
1119:Elsevier.
738:Treatment
678:temperate
603:Diagnosis
579:diarrhoea
457:Evolution
409:, but no
313:Structure
290:(MAstV).
112:Kingdom:
105:Riboviria
9534:Wikidata
8698:Families
7761:Families
7437:Families
6765:Families
5564:Indirect
5559:Inguinal
5293:Pyogenic
5238:Vascular
5014:Diarrhea
4992:Volvulus
4958:Vascular
4897: /
4886: /
4847:Ischemic
4814:Appendix
4704:Duodenum
4574:Atrophic
4448:Candidal
4360:BK virus
4163:diarrhea
4007:COVID-19
3749:Myelitis
3365:Archived
3332:26630872
3240:24826893
3200:PLOS ONE
3181:17803160
3140:11525984
2941:10434464
2914:11444029
2873:25278582
2824:22518865
2775:16321452
2740:20344500
2732:16033504
2672:22096580
2624:PLOS ONE
2530:24989603
2481:24989603
2407:28098537
2358:19264607
2292:19359682
2243:27733122
2184:19249313
1986:21768348
1911:31372920
1865:24084291
1812:25784567
1755:22326537
1712:18790534
1611:28106836
1552:19249313
1366:21768348
1301:. ExPASy
1285:15802951
1236:25278582
1178:25278582
1066:11444028
1025:17905448
971:54289244
774:Timeline
720:abattoir
682:tropical
583:vomiting
278:Taxonomy
237:and the
217:diarrhea
160:Family:
124:Phylum:
9540:Q752185
5605:Petit's
5581:Femoral
5484:Chronic
5298:Amoebic
5066:Anismus
4832:Colitis
4759:Coeliac
4736:Ileitis
4708:Jejunum
4561:Stomach
4465:Rupture
4113:Pharynx
3617:Central
3323:4668688
3281:8590772
3231:4020816
3208:Bibcode
3110:Bibcode
3083:8385155
3034:9455876
2985:9015126
2864:4187635
2815:3405628
2663:3214048
2632:Bibcode
2521:4313157
2472:4313157
2398:5324824
2283:7107170
2234:5062859
2211:Bibcode
2137:8057439
2079:7121303
2043:8995706
1977:3150915
1946:Bibcode
1835:Bibcode
1782:Bibcode
1735:Bibcode
1652:8021608
1602:5294984
1571:Viruses
1505:8057439
1448:8995706
1357:3150915
1334:Bibcode
1305:12 June
1276:1393289
1227:4187635
1169:4187635
1016:2238180
713:enteric
670:HastV-1
658:Glasgow
625:RT-qPCR
334:capsids
172:Genera
148:Order:
136:Class:
9634:600092
9608:106838
7779:Genera
6853:Genera
5599:Lumbar
5569:Direct
5552:Hiatus
5532:Hernia
5384:Other
5150:Melena
5036:Rectum
4519:(GERD)
3777:HTLV-I
3722:Rabies
3572:HTLV-I
3330:
3320:
3279:
3238:
3228:
3179:
3138:
3128:
3081:
3074:263593
3071:
3032:
3025:121387
3022:
2983:
2973:
2939:
2912:
2902:
2871:
2861:
2822:
2812:
2773:
2738:
2730:
2693:
2670:
2660:
2652:
2528:
2518:
2479:
2469:
2405:
2395:
2356:
2313:
2290:
2280:
2241:
2231:
2182:
2174:
2135:
2128:236959
2125:
2117:
2076:
2041:
2034:191237
2031:
2023:
1984:
1974:
1966:
1917:
1909:
1863:
1810:
1753:
1710:
1673:
1650:
1609:
1599:
1591:
1550:
1542:
1503:
1496:236959
1493:
1485:
1446:
1439:191237
1436:
1428:
1389:21 May
1364:
1354:
1283:
1273:
1234:
1224:
1176:
1166:
1158:
1102:
1064:
1054:
1023:
1013:
969:
961:
943:Lancet
618:, and
419:3' end
411:5' cap
407:3' end
403:poly A
395:genome
381:Genome
259:capsid
243:genome
9629:WoRMS
9621:39733
9603:IRMNG
9380:VII:
7492:III:
5524:Other
5479:Acute
5230:MASLD
5183:Liver
5157:Lower
5140:Upper
4982:Ileus
4818:Colon
4712:Ileum
4527:(LPR)
4373:Mumps
4132:Mumps
4102:Human
3532:MCPyV
3131:93108
2736:S2CID
2430:1 May
1915:S2CID
967:S2CID
963:51251
921:2009:
915:2009:
909:2003:
902:2002:
896:2001:
890:1999:
884:1998:
878:1998:
871:1996:
864:1996:
858:1995:
852:1995:
845:1995:
839:1994:
833:1993:
827:1993:
821:1992:
815:1988:
809:1987:
803:1985:
797:1981:
785:1975:
779:1975:
612:ELISA
587:fever
247:sense
209:virus
98:Realm
91:Virus
9616:NCBI
9595:1928
9590:GBIF
9582:5043
9251:VI:
7815:IV:
6892:II:
4912:SCAD
4087:hMPV
3959:OC43
3955:HKU1
3951:NL63
3947:229E
3605:AIDS
3484:KSHV
3357:ICTV
3328:PMID
3277:PMID
3236:PMID
3177:PMID
3136:PMID
3079:PMID
3030:PMID
2981:PMID
2971:ISBN
2937:PMID
2910:PMID
2900:ISBN
2869:PMID
2820:PMID
2771:PMID
2728:PMID
2691:ISBN
2668:PMID
2650:ISSN
2605:2016
2580:2016
2555:2016
2526:PMID
2477:PMID
2432:2020
2403:PMID
2354:PMID
2311:ISBN
2288:PMID
2239:PMID
2180:PMID
2172:ISSN
2133:PMID
2115:ISSN
2039:PMID
2021:ISSN
1982:PMID
1964:ISSN
1907:PMID
1861:PMID
1808:PMID
1751:PMID
1708:PMID
1671:ISBN
1648:PMID
1607:PMID
1589:ISSN
1548:PMID
1540:ISSN
1501:PMID
1483:ISSN
1444:PMID
1426:ISSN
1391:2021
1362:PMID
1307:2015
1281:PMID
1232:PMID
1174:PMID
1156:ISSN
1100:ISBN
1062:PMID
1052:ISBN
1021:PMID
959:PMID
703:and
461:The
352:for
293:The
9577:EoL
9569:6V2
9564:CoL
8741:V:
7479:RNA
5743:I:
5730:DNA
5218:PBC
4945:IBD
4879:IBS
4367:MuV
4336:CBV
4311:HEV
4299:HDV
4287:HCV
4275:HAV
4268:CBV
4249:HBV
4126:MuV
4057:V,
3849:CBV
3818:HSV
3795:Eye
3682:LCV
3668:MeV
3599:HIV
3553:HCV
3498:EBV
3445:HPV
3431:HBV
3318:PMC
3308:doi
3267:doi
3226:PMC
3216:doi
3167:doi
3126:PMC
3118:doi
3069:PMC
3061:doi
3020:PMC
3012:doi
2963:doi
2892:doi
2859:PMC
2851:doi
2810:PMC
2802:doi
2763:doi
2759:133
2720:doi
2658:PMC
2640:doi
2516:PMC
2508:doi
2467:PMC
2459:doi
2393:PMC
2385:doi
2344:doi
2278:PMC
2270:doi
2229:PMC
2219:doi
2164:doi
2160:387
2123:PMC
2107:doi
2074:PMC
2066:doi
2029:PMC
2013:doi
1972:PMC
1954:doi
1942:108
1897:hdl
1889:doi
1851:hdl
1843:doi
1798:hdl
1790:doi
1743:doi
1700:doi
1638:doi
1597:PMC
1579:doi
1532:doi
1528:387
1491:PMC
1475:doi
1434:PMC
1418:doi
1352:PMC
1342:doi
1330:108
1271:PMC
1263:doi
1222:PMC
1212:doi
1164:PMC
1148:doi
1044:doi
1011:PMC
1003:doi
999:147
951:doi
614:),
443:VPg
415:VPg
399:RNA
330:RNA
251:RNA
9653::
9631::
9618::
9605::
9592::
9579::
9566::
9551::
9536::
9238:RT
8700::
7781::
7763::
7439::
6855::
6767::
5382:/
4980::
4961::
4757::
4063::
4024::
4018:,
3941::
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