3010:
1369:
1631:
1728:
2990:
true
Christian profession. Failing to do this, you may be sure that you will not be called a Christian or a son of the Church. Indeed, in the royal palace, after the faith itself, the Church holds second place, first constituted and spread through the whole world by His members, the apostles and holy fathers, And though she always produced fresh offspring, nevertheless in certain places she is regarded as ancient. However, dearest son, even now in our kingdom the Church is proclaimed as young and newly planted; and for that reason she needs more prudent and trustworthy guardians lest a benefit which the divine mercy bestowed on us undeservedly should be destroyed and annihilated through your idleness, indolence or neglect.
57:
2520:
1094:
900:
7573:
572:
1174:
3009:
2850:
629:, narrates that he "was fully instructed in the knowledge of the grammatical art" in his childhood. This implies that he studied Latin, though some scepticism is warranted as few kings of this era were able to write. His two other late 11th-century hagiographies do not mention any grammatical studies, stating only that he "was brought up by receiving an education appropriate for a little prince". KristĂł says that the latter remark only refers to Stephen's physical training, including his participation in hunts and military actions. According to the
267:
1389:
7992:
2713:. According to Bishop Hartvic, the canonization was "decreed by apostolic letter, by order of the Roman see", suggesting that the ceremony was permitted by Pope Gregory VII. The ceremony started at Stephen's tomb, where on 15 August 1083 masses of believers began three days of fasting and praying. Legend tells that Stephen's coffin could not be opened until King Ladislaus held Solomon in captivity at
7968:
7956:
2587:
7980:
945:. Modern historiansâincluding PĂĄl Engel, and MiklĂłs MolnĂĄrâwrite that Stephen always asserted his sovereignty and never accepted papal or imperial suzerainty. For instance, none of his charters were dated according to the years of the reign of the contemporary emperors, which would have been the case if he had been their vassal. Furthermore, Stephen declared in the preamble to his
744:
1693:, were expelled from Hungary. Stephen's legends refer to an unsuccessful attempt upon the elderly king's life by members of his court. According to KristĂł, the legends refer to a plot in which Vazul participated and his mutilation was a punishment for this act. That Vazul's ears were filled with molten lead was only recorded in later sources, including the
1519:. Many historians date their clash to the end of the 1020s, although Györffy and other scholars put it at least a decade earlier. The conflict arose when Ajtony, who "had taken his power from the Greeks", according to Saint Gerard's legend, levied tax on the salt transported to Stephen on the river. The king sent a large army led by
1470:
order to demonstrate his determination to preserve internal peace. Regular minting of coinage began in
Hungary in the 1020s. His silver dinars bearing the inscriptions STEPHANUS REX ("King Stephen") and REGIA CIVITAS ("royal city") were popular in contemporary Europe, as demonstrated by counterfeited copies unearthed in
7944:
1076:
If someone has such a hardened heartâGod forbid it to any
Christianâthat he does not want to confess his faults according to the counsel of a priest, he shall lie without any divine service and alms like an infidel. If his relatives and neighbors fail to summon the priest, and therefore he should die
644:
According to
Stephen's legends, Grand Prince GĂ©za convoked an assembly of the Hungarian chieftains and warriors when Stephen "ascended to the first stage of adolescence", at the age of 14 or 15. GĂ©za nominated Stephen as his successor and all those present took an oath of loyalty to the young prince.
1185:
narrates that
Stephen "led his army against Kean, Duke of the Bulgarians and Slavs whose lands are by their natural position most strongly fortified" following the occupation of Gyula's country. According to a number of historians, including ZoltĂĄn Lenkey and GĂĄbor Thoroczkay, Kean was the head of a
1169:
states that the Polish duke occupied large territories north of the Danube and east of the Morava as far as
Esztergom in the early 11th century. According to SteinhĂŒbel, the latter source proves that a significant part of the lands that now form Slovakia were under Polish rule between 1002 and 1030.
1130:
territory included a certain burg, located near the border with the
Hungarians. Its guardian was lord Prokui, an uncle of the Hungarian king. Both in the past and more recently, Prokui had been driven from his lands by the king and his wife had been taken captive. When he was unable to free her, his
2730:
the third day, everyone expected the favors of divine mercy through the merit of the blessed man; suddenly with Christ visiting his masses, the signs of miracles poured forth from heaven throughout the whole of the holy house. Their multitude, which that night were too many to count, brings to mind
1704:
on the "conspiracy against the king and the kingdom" imply that the book was promulgated after Vazul's unsuccessful plot against
Stephen. However, this view has not been universally accepted. Györffy states that the law book was issued, not after 1031, but around 1009. Likewise, the authenticity of
2989:
My dearest son, if you desire to honor the royal crown, I advise, I counsel, I urge you above all things to maintain the
Catholic and Apostolic faith with such diligence and care that you may be an example for all those placed under you by God, and that all the clergy may rightly call you a man of
2980:
argues that kingship is inseparably connected with the
Catholic faith. Its author emphasized that a monarch is required to make donations to the Church and regularly consult his prelates, but is entitled to punish clergymen who do wrong. One of its basic ideas was that a sovereign has to cooperate
2829:
was moved, in 1969, from 16 August, the day immediately following the day of Stephen's death, Stephen's feast was moved to that date. Stephen is venerated as the patron saint of Hungary, and regarded as the protector of kings, masons, stonecutters, stonemasons and bricklayers, and also of children
1469:
In addition to pilgrims, merchants often used the safe route across Hungary when travelling between Constantinople and Western Europe. Stephen's legends refer to 60 wealthy Pechenegs who travelled to Hungary, but were attacked by Hungarian border guards. The king sentenced his soldiers to death in
1059:
The transformation of Hungary into a Christian state was one of Stephen's principal concerns throughout his reign. Although the Hungarians' conversion had already begun in his father's reign, it was only Stephen who systematically forced his subjects to give up their pagan rituals. His legislative
1794:
Be obedient to me, my son. You are a child, descendant of rich parents, living among soft pillows, who has been caressed and brought up in all kinds of comforts; you have had a part neither in the troubles of the campaigns nor in the various attacks of the pagans in which almost my whole life has
1596:
At this same time, dissensions arose between the Pannonian nation and the Bavarians, through the fault of the Bavarians. And, as a result, King of Hungary made many incursions and raids in the realm of the Norici (that is, of the Bavarians). Disturbed on this account Emperor Conrad came upon the
688:
castle and was celebrated by Saint Adalbert. Gisela was accompanied to her new home by Bavarian knights, many of whom received land grants from her husband and settled in Hungary, helping to strengthen Stephen's military position. According to Györffy, Stephen and his wife "presumably" settled in
3031:
which portrayed the holy king as the apostle of the Hungarians. Secular poetry, especially poems written for his feast day, followed a similar pattern, emphasizing Stephen's role as the first king of Hungary. Poets described Stephen as the symbol of national identity and independence and of the
2891:
adhering to the bones, preserved the beauty of wholeness? I surmise that the inscrutability of divine judgement sought to proclaim by the extraordinary nature of this fact nothing less than that the work of love and alms surpasses the measure of all other virtues. ... The right hand of the
925:(r. 999â1003). KristĂł and other historians point out that Pope Sylvester and Emperor Otto were close allies, which implies that both reports are valid: Stephen "received the crown and consecration" from the Pope, but not without the Emperor's consent. Around 75 years after the coronation,
2780:, Hartvic's work served as Stephen's official legend. GĂĄbor Klaniczay wrote that Stephen's legends "opened a new chapter in the legends of holy rulers as a genre", suggesting that a monarch can achieve sainthood through actively using his royal powers. Stephen was the first triumphant
2697:
Stephen's cult emerged after the long period of anarchy characterizing the rule of his immediate successors. However, there is no evidence that Stephen became an object of veneration before his canonization. For instance, the first member of the royal family to be named after him,
914:, Stephen asserted his claim to rule all lands dominated by Hungarian lords. He also decided to strengthen his international status by adopting the title of king. However, the exact circumstances of his coronation and its political consequences are subject to scholarly debate.
1597:
Hungarians with a great army. But King , whose forces were entirely insufficient to meet the Emperor, relied solely on the guardianship of the Lord, which he sought with prayers and fasts proclaimed through his whole realm. Since the Emperor was not able to enter a kingdom so
1131:
nephew arranged for her unconditional release, even though he was Prokui's enemy. I have never heard of anyone who showed such restraint towards a defeated foe. Because of this, God repeatedly granted him victory, not only in the burg mentioned above, but in others as well.
1452:
at Jerusalem abandoned the usual route, which was by sea, making their way through the country of King Stephen. He made the road safe for everyone, welcomed as brothers all he saw and gave them enormous gifts. This action led many people, nobles and commoners, to go to
478:
Stephen's birth date is uncertain as it was not recorded in contemporaneous documents. Hungarian and Polish chronicles written centuries later give three different years: 967, 969 and 975. The unanimous testimony of his three late 11th-century or early 12th-century
952:
The exact date of Stephen's coronation is unknown. According to later Hungarian tradition, he was crowned on the first day of the second millennium, which may refer either to 25 December 1000 or to 1 January 1001. Details of Stephen's coronation preserved in his
1368:
1307:
was also peaceful. On the other hand, the alliance between Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire brought her into a war with Poland lasting from around 1014 until 1018. The Poles occupied the Hungarian posts along the river Morava. Györffy and Kristó write that a
2721:
or deception. Stephen's legends also say that his "balsam-scented" remains were elevated from the coffin, which was filled with "rose-colored water", on 20 August. On the same day, Stephen's son, Emeric, and the bishop of CsanĂĄd, Gerard, were also canonized.
1332:, suggesting that Hungary had been included in the peace treaty. The historian Ferenc Makk says that the Peace of Bautzen obliged Boleslav to hand over all the territories he had occupied in the Morava valley to Stephen. According to Leodvin, the first known
841:
when he was informed of the arrival of Stephen's army. In the ensuing battle, Stephen won a decisive victory over his enemies. KoppĂĄny was killed on the battlefield. His body was quartered and its parts were displayed at the gates of the forts of Esztergom,
2508:
1201:; while Thoroczkay says they live in the southern parts of Transdanubia. Bruno of Querfurt's report of the Black Hungarians' conversion by force suggests that Stephen conquered their lands at the latest in 1009 when "the first mission of Saint Peter"âa
6365:(Translated and edited by JĂĄnos M. Bak, György BĂłnis, James Ross Sweeney with an essay on previous editions by Andor Czizmadia, Second revised edition, In collaboration with Leslie S. Domonkos) (1999). Charles Schlacks, Jr. Publishers. pp. 1â11.
2530:
Stephen has always been considered one of the most important statesmen in the history of Hungary. His main achievement was the establishment of a Christian state that ensured that the Hungarians survived in the Carpathian Basin, in contrast to the
833:
origin" who settled in Hungary either under GĂ©za or in the first years of Stephen's reign. On the other hand, LukaÄka and other Slovak historians say that Hont and PĂĄzmĂĄny were "Slovak" noblemen who had joined Stephen during his rule in Nyitra.
763:. He also announced his claim to the throne. Although it is not impossible that KoppĂĄny had already been baptized, in 972, most of his supporters were pagans, opponents of the Christianity represented by Stephen and his predominantly German
1117:
to this period. If the identification, proposed by KristĂł, Györffy and other Hungarian historians, of Gyula with one Prokuiâwho was Stephen's uncle according to Thietmar of Merseburgâis valid, Gyula later escaped from captivity and fled to
2879:, had by that time become a popular topic of saints' biographies. Bishop Hartvic described the discovery of Stephen's right hand in accordance with this tradition, referring to adventures and visions. An abbey erected in Bihar County (now
5895:"Az ortodox egyhĂĄz is szentkĂ©nt tiszteli: OrszĂĄgalapĂtĂł kirĂĄlyunk Ă©s a keleti hagyomĂĄnyok kapcsolatĂĄrĂłl [Venerated also by the Orthodox Church: On the connections between our king founding our state and the Oriental traditions]"
1489:
between 1020 and 1026, initially planned to continue his journey to the Holy Land, but decided to stay in the country after his meeting with the king. Stephen also established a number of Benedictine monasteriesâincluding the abbeys at
8057:
1282:
in 1002 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1013. Their friendly relationship ensured that the western borders of Hungary experienced a period of peace in the first decades of the 11th century. Even when Henry II's discontented brother,
614:, does not mention this event. Accordingly, the date of Stephen's baptism is unknown: Györffy argues that he was baptized soon after birth, while Kristó proposes that he only received baptism just before his father's death in 997.
1261:
and Veszprém were built of stone. Forts serving as county seats also became the nuclei of Church organization. The settlements developing around them, where markets were held on each Sunday, were important local economic centers.
6115:
1186:
small state located in the southern parts of Transylvania and Stephen occupied his country around 1003. Other historians, including Györffy, say that the chronicle's report preserved the memory of Stephen's campaign against
1601:, he returned, after he had sufficiently avenged his injury with lootings and burnings on the borders of the kingdom; and it was his wish at a more opportune time to complete the things he had begun. His son, King
1561:, to Constantinople. In the autumn of 1027, the bishop seemingly travelled as a pilgrim, but Stephen, who had been informed of his actual purpose, refused to let him enter into his country. Conrad II's biographer
1312:
incursion into Transylvania, the memory of which has been preserved in Stephen's legends, also took place in this period, because the Pechenegs were close allies of the Polish duke's brother-in-law, Grand Prince
795:
in Transdanubia around the supposed borders of KoppĂĄny's duchy, suggest that significant auxiliary units and groups of Hungarian warriorsâwho had been settled there by Grand Prince GĂ©zaâfought in Stephen's army.
1708:
Stephen died on 15 August 1038. He was buried in the basilica of Székesfehérvår. His reign was followed by a long period of civil wars, pagan uprisings and foreign invasions. The instability ended in 1077 when
1104:
Many Hungarian lords refused to accept Stephen's suzerainty even after his coronation. The new King first turned against his own uncle, Gyula the Younger, whose realm "was most wide and rich", according to the
2566:
telling the king about their grievances against the Pannonhalma Archabbey and stating that the taxes levied upon them by the abbot contradicted "the liberty granted to them in the time of King Saint Stephen".
6322:(Translated by Theodor E. Mommsen and Karl F. Morrison, with a historical introduction and new suggested readings by Karl F. Morrison, edited by Robert L. Benson). Columbia University Press. pp. 52â100.
1789:
even during his marriage. According to Györffy, Emeric's wife was a kinswoman of the Byzantine Emperor Basil II. His premature death led to the series of conflicts leading to Vazul's blinding and civil wars.
803:, with no effect on other Hungarian tribal leaders. KoppĂĄny and his troops invaded the northern regions of Transdanubia, took many of Stephen's forts and plundered his lands. Stephen, who, according to the
1549:(r. 1024â1039), who adopted an offensive foreign policy. Conrad II expelled Doge Otto Orseoloâthe husband of Stephen's sisterâfrom Venice in 1026. He also persuaded the Bavarians to proclaim his own son,
7136:
6190:
1630:
1652:
Stephen's biographer, Hartvic, narrates that the King, whose children died one by one in infancy, "restrained the grief over their death by the solace on account of the love of his surviving son",
2539:
and other peoples who had previously controlled the same territory. As Bryan Cartledge emphasizes, Stephen also gave his kingdom "forty years of relative peace and sound but unspectacular rule".
1020:
shortly after his coronation. This act ensured that the Church in Hungary became independent of the prelates of the Holy Roman Empire. The earliest reference to an archbishop of Esztergom, named
2941:
in Budapest. An annual procession celebrating the relic was instituted in 1938, and continued until 1950, when the procession was forbidden by the Communist government. It was resumed in 1988.
1287:, sought refuge in Hungary in 1004, Stephen preserved the peace with Germany and negotiated a settlement between his two brothers-in-law. Around 1009, he gave his younger sister in marriage to
1580:
tactics used by the Hungarian army, returned to Germany "without an army and without achieving anything, because the army was threatened by starvation and was captured by the Hungarians at
1565:
narrated that the Bavarians incited skirmishes along the common borders of Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire in 1029, causing a rapid deterioration in relations between the two countries.
988:, a spear had been given to Stephen's father by Emperor Otto III as a token of GĂ©za's right to "enjoy the most freedom in the possession of his country". Stephen is styled in various waysâ
1197:"âwho were mentioned by Bruno of Querfurt and AdĂ©mar de Chabannes among the opponents of Stephen's proselytizing policyâis uncertain. Györffy locates their lands to the east of the river
1775:
states that Stephen "begot many sons", only two of them, Otto and Emeric, are known by name. Otto, who was named after Otto III, seems to have been born before 1002. He died as a child.
1609:, received a legation of King which asked for peace; and solely with the counsel of the princes of the realm, and without his father's knowledge, he granted the favor of reconciliation.
1151:
also made mention of armed conflicts between Stephen and Boleslav, stating that the latter "defeated the Hungarians in battle and made himself master of all their lands as far as the
708:
Grand Prince GĂ©za died in 997. Stephen convoked an assembly at Esztergom where his supporters declared him grand prince. Initially, he only controlled the northwestern regions of the
8067:
6119:
497:, chose Esztergom as royal residence around that year. GĂ©za promoted the spread of Christianity among his subjects by force, but never ceased worshipping pagan gods. Both his son's
395:
Stephen established at least one archbishopric, six bishoprics and three Benedictine monasteries, leading the Church in Hungary to develop independently from the archbishops of the
921:(r. 996â1002), implying that Stephen accepted the Emperor's suzerainty before his coronation. On the other hand, all of Stephen's legends emphasize that he received his crown from
2973:. Although scholars debate whether it can actually be attributed to the king or a cleric, most of them agree that it was composed in the first decades of the 11th century.
2550:, he prohibited pagan rites and declared that his subjects should "live in all things according to the law which King St. Stephen had taught them", according to the 14th-century
1656:. However, Emeric was wounded in a hunting accident and died in 1031. After the death of his son, the elderly King could never "fully regain his former health", according to the
1360:
in 1018. However, the exact date of his expedition is uncertain. Györffy argues that it was only in the last year of the war that Stephen led his troops against the Bulgarians.
6245:(Edited by GĂĄbor Klaniczay, translated by Cristian GaĆpar and Marina Miladinov, with an introductory essay by Ian Wood) . Central European University Press. pp. 183â314.
1170:
In contrast with the Slovak historian, Györffy writes that this late chronicle "in which one absurdity follows another" contradicts all facts known from 11th-century sources.
1081:
in accordance with the judgement of the priests. Those who die a sudden death shall be buried with all ecclesiastical honor; for divine judgment is hidden from us and unknown.
1078:
499:
7572:
1705:
the decree on tithes is debated: according to Györffy, it was issued during Stephen's reign, but Berend, Laszlovszky and Szakåcs argue that it "might be a later addition".
1029:
2776:âemphasized Stephen's severity. A third legend, also composed during King Coloman's reign by Bishop Hartvic, was based on the two existing legends. Sanctioned in 1201 by
7131:
6927:
2717:. The opening of Stephen's tomb was followed by the occurrence of healing miracles, according to Stephen's legends. Historian KristĂł attributes the healings either to
668:, in or after 995. This marriage established the first family link between a Hungarian ruler and a Western European ruling house, as Gisela was closely related to the
8052:
1012:
Although Stephen's power did not rely on his coronation, the ceremony granted him the internationally accepted legitimacy of a Christian monarch who ruled his realm "
2768:, was written between 1077 and 1083. It provided an idealized portrait of the king, one who dedicated himself and his kingdom to the Virgin Mary. However, Stephen's
2887:
Why is it, brothers, that his other limbs having become disjointed and, his flesh having been reduced to dust, wholly separated, only the right hand, its skin and
1727:
6230:(Translated by John Wortley with Introduction by Jean-Claude Cheynet and Bernard Flusin and Notes by Jean-Claude Cheynet) (2010). Cambridge University Press.
865:. The same document declares that "there were no other bishoprics and monasteries in Hungary" at that time. On the other hand, the nearly contemporary Bishop
1113:
adds that Stephen converted his uncle's "country to the Christian faith by force" after its conquest. Accordingly, historians date the establishment of the
399:. He encouraged the spread of Christianity by meting out severe punishments for ignoring Christian customs. His system of local administration was based on
323:
from 1000 or 1001, until his death in 1038. The year of his birth is uncertain, but many details of his life suggest that he was born in, or after, 975, in
7083:
2909:
The Holy Dexter was kept for centuries in the Szentjobb Abbey, except during the Mongol invasion of 1241 and 1242, when it was transferred to Ragusa (now
8092:
8037:
483:
and other Hungarian sources, which state that Stephen was "still an adolescent" in 997, substantiate the reliability of the latest year (975). Stephen's
1528:
1220:
was also set up around 1009. According to Thoroczkay, "it is very probable" that the bishopric's establishment was connected with the conversion of the
554:
states that it was not Sarolt's father, but his younger brother, who was baptized in the Byzantine capital. In contrast with all Hungarian sources, the
771:
writes of a war between "the Germans and the Hungarians" when referring to the armed conflicts between Stephen and Koppåny. Even so, Györffy says that
7279:
1236:
was the most powerful among the native families who joined Stephen and supported him in his efforts to establish a Christian monarchy. The reports by
870:
8047:
8027:
7000:
Tringli, IstvĂĄn (2001). "The Liberty of the Holy King: Saint Stephen and the Holy Kings in the Hungarian Legal Heritaga". In Zsoldos, Attila (ed.).
2562:" often declared that the origin of their special status was to be attributed to King Saint Stephen. An example is a 1347 letter from the people of
1114:
5984:
1764:. Born around 985, Gisela was younger than her husband, whom she survived. She left Hungary in 1045 and died as Abbess of the Niedernburg Abbey in
1432:" testify to the king's passion "towards the honour of our divine religion". Stephen also established four hostels for pilgrims in Constantinople,
969:
during the ceremony. Stephen's portrait, preserved on his royal cloak from 1031, shows that his crown, like the Holy Roman Emperor's diadem, was a
507:
described GĂ©za as a cruel monarch, suggesting that he was a despot who mercilessly consolidated his authority over the rebellious Hungarian lords.
7392:
7208:
6935:
SÄlÄgean, Tudor (2005). "Romanian Society in the Early Middle Ages (9thâ14th Centuries AD)". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan (eds.).
1999:
1244:
and other 13th-century noble families descending from Hungarian chieftains suggest that other native families were also involved in the process.
494:
332:
228:
124:
8042:
8032:
8022:
2831:
1069:
857:
Stephen occupied KoppĂĄny's duchy and granted large estates to his own partisans. He also prescribed that KoppĂĄny's former subjects were to pay
3135:
2542:
His successors, including those descended from Vazul, were eager to emphasize their devotion to Stephen's achievements. Although Vazul's son,
1257:, was an administrative unit organized around a royal fortress. Most fortresses were earthworks in this period, but the castles at Esztergom,
7049:
7030:
7009:
6990:
6971:
6944:
6911:
6892:
6869:
6848:
6829:
6808:
6781:
6757:
6733:
6711:
6687:
6668:
6649:
6627:
6603:
6584:
6562:
6539:
6517:
6495:
6476:
6449:
6427:
6327:
6312:
6250:
6235:
6173:
1333:
861:
to the Pannonhalma Archabbey, according to the deed of the foundation of this monastery which has been preserved in a manuscript containing
56:
6336:(Translated and annotated by Paul W. Knoll and Frank Schaer with a preface by Thomas N. Bisson) (2003). Central European University Press.
712:; the rest of the territory was still dominated by tribal chieftains. Stephen's ascension to the throne was in line with the principle of
6077:
485:
2519:
1021:
894:
86:
35:
5894:
2555:
815:
to lead the royal army. The last was a German knight who had come to Hungary in the reign of GĂ©za. Hont and PĂĄzmĂĄny were, according to
169:
8087:
3130:
2937:
in 1944 and 1945, and again by the Sisters of Loreto in Buda, between 1945 and 1950. Finally, since 1950, the Holy Dexter has been in
2837:
in 2000. In the calendar of the Hungarian Catholic Church, Stephen's feast is observed on 20 August, the day on which his relics were
1248:
1217:
400:
984:
bear the inscription LANCEA REGIS ("the king's spear") and depict an arm holding a spear with flag. According to the contemporaneous
7826:
7802:
6370:
6355:
6341:
6297:
6283:
6268:
6221:
2512:
1722:
1557:
through his mother. Emperor Conrad planned a marriage alliance with the Byzantine Empire and dispatched one of his advisors, Bishop
1032:
in 1001. Stephen invited foreign priests to Hungary to evangelize his kingdom. Associates of the late Adalbert of Prague, including
981:
6292:(Edited and translated by LĂĄszlĂł VeszprĂ©my and Frank Schaer with a study by JenĆ SzƱcs) (1999). Central European University Press.
1210:
874:
1072:
before death. His other laws protected property rights and the interests of widows and orphans, or regulated the status of serfs.
7833:
7820:
1237:
266:
427:
180:
8102:
7796:
7115:
Nora Berend, Stephen I, the First Christian King of Hungary: From Medieval Myth to Modern Legend (Oxford University Press 2024)
4094:
2834:
1558:
929:(r. 1075â1085), who claimed suzerainty over Hungary, declared that Stephen had "offered and devotedly surrendered" Hungary "to
8097:
7891:
7885:
7854:
7215:
6791:
LukaÄka, JĂĄn (2011). "The beginnings of the nobility in Slovakia". In Teich, MikulĂĄĆĄ; KovĂĄÄ, DuĆĄan; Brown, Martin D. (eds.).
1357:
703:
364:, who was supported by large numbers of pagan warriors. He defeated KoppĂĄny with the assistance of foreign knights including
316:
106:
3112:("Stephen, the King")âabout the early years of his reign. Seventeen years later, in 2000, SzörĂ©nyi composed a sequel called
3033:
2917:
of the central territories of the Kingdom of Hungary in the mid-16th century, it was guarded in many places, including
899:
1093:
8077:
7879:
7842:
7808:
7708:
7664:
7272:
1602:
1550:
1546:
1412:. He donated them to his new triple-naved basilica dedicated to the Holy Virgin in Székesfehérvår, where he also set up a
869:
stated that Stephen "established bishoprics in his kingdom" before being crowned king. If the latter report is valid, the
389:
7934:
7848:
7814:
7297:
1449:
1429:
1275:
918:
821:
5630:
1040:, arrived in Hungary in the first years of his reign. The presence of an unnamed "Archbishop of the Hungarians" at the
8107:
8062:
1173:
862:
716:, which prescribed that a father was succeeded by his son. On the other hand, it contradicted the traditional idea of
634:
1531:(Cenad, Romania), Ajtony's former capital, which was renamed after the commander of the royal army. According to the
2896:, because always reflourishing from the flower of kindness it was never empty from giving gifts to nourish the poor.
910:
By ordering the display of one part of Koppåny's quartered corpse in Gyulafehérvår, the seat of his maternal uncle,
8072:
7871:
7288:
3233:
3148:
3125:
3063:
1753:
1165:
556:
463:
459:
1667:
Emeric's death jeopardized his father's achievements in establishing a Christian state, because Stephen's cousin,
571:
8082:
7903:
7777:
7608:
7589:
7092:
Hamza, GĂĄbor (2015). "ĐĐĐĐĐĐйР(DECRETA) ĐĐ ĐĐȘĐ ĐĐĐŻ ĐĐ ĐĐ ĐĐ REGNUM HUNGARIAĐ ĐĄĐ. ĐĐ©ĐĐĐ I, Đ IUS GRAECO-ROMANUM ".
2938:
2854:
2638:
1964:
1507:
1424:
through Hungary. Stephen often met the pilgrims, contributing to the spread of his fame throughout Europe. Abbot
1352:. The Byzantine and Hungarian troops jointly took "Cesaries" which Györffy identifies as the present-day town of
980:
Besides his crown, Stephen regarded a spear with a flag as an important symbol of his sovereignty. For instance,
665:
606:, who stayed in GĂ©za's court several times between 983 and 994. However, Saint Adalbert's nearly contemporaneous
6459:
Berend, Nora; Laszlovszky, JĂłzsef; SzakĂĄcs, BĂ©la Zsolt (2007). "The kingdom of Hungary". In Berend, Nora (ed.).
7746:
7689:
7527:
7467:
7449:
7265:
3049:
2773:
2710:
1671:âwho had the strongest claim to succeed himâwas suspected of an inclination towards paganism. According to the
1017:
99:
1024:, has been preserved in the deed of foundation of the Pannonhalma Archabbey from 1002. According to historian
799:
KristĂł states that the entire conflict between Stephen and KoppĂĄny was only a feud between two members of the
2821:
expanded King Saint Stephen's cult to the entire Roman Catholic Church in 1686, and declared 2 September his
7619:
7551:
7521:
7498:
6307:(Translated with and Introduction and Notes by Ephraim Emerton). Columbia University Press. pp. 48â49.
2869:), became the subject of a cult. A cleric named Mercurius stole it, but it was discovered on 30 May 1084 in
2736:
2606:
2460:
1778:
1653:
1635:
1377:
1325:
1119:
447:
206:
149:
2793:
Stephen's cult spread beyond the borders of Hungary. Initially, he was primarily venerated in Scheyern and
2619:
1809:
The following family tree presents Stephen's ancestors and his relatives who are mentioned in the article.
1568:
Emperor Conrad personally led his armies to Hungary in June 1030 and plundered the lands west of the River
1381:
1258:
958:
431:
165:
7897:
7639:
7515:
7491:
7461:
7425:
7249:
2790:", one who had not suffered martyrdom, whose cult was sanctioned, in contrast with earlier holy monarchs.
2787:
2706:
2483:
2353:
1710:
1187:
985:
729:
3108:
1664:
and washing the feet of paupers, is connected with Stephen's last years, following the death of his son.
1660:. KristĂł writes that the picture, which has been preserved in Stephen's legends, of the king keeping the
7645:
7557:
7506:
7473:
7150:
6954:
SteinhĂŒbel, JĂĄn (2011). "The Duchy of Nitra". In Teich, MikulĂĄĆĄ; KovĂĄÄ, DuĆĄan; Brown, Martin D. (eds.).
6142:
5992:
2699:
2671:
2602:
1136:
1109:. Stephen invaded Transylvania and seized Gyula and his family around 1002 or in 1003. The contemporary
866:
768:
646:
577:
504:
7539:
7485:
7479:
6191:"Veled, Uram! Izgalmas kirĂĄlydrĂĄma a ThĂĄliĂĄban? (You, Sir! King of the exciting drama Thalia Theatre?)"
1545:
Stephen's brother-in-law, Emperor Henry, died on 13 July 1024. He was succeeded by a distant relative,
1491:
1393:
1077:
unconfessed, prayers and alms should be offered, but his relatives shall wash away their negligence by
6463:
Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus', c. 900â1200
1025:
878:
8017:
8012:
7909:
7738:
7700:
7683:
7627:
7600:
7581:
7545:
7533:
7455:
7443:
7349:
7073:
6637:
6613:
3044:
3013:
2838:
1690:
1314:
917:
Thietmar of Merseburg writes that Stephen received the crown "with the favour and urging" of Emperor
650:
551:
250:
7752:
7656:
7437:
3140:
2849:
2547:
2543:
1761:
1686:
1533:
1478:
1373:
1013:
618:
565:
451:
39:
7305:
7176:
6557:] (in Hungarian). A HajdĂș-Bihar Megyei ĂnkormĂĄnyzat HajdĂș-Bihar Megyei MĂșzeumok IgazgatĂłsĂĄga.
6303:"Pope Gregory VII's letter to King Solomon of Hungary, claiming suzerainty over that kingdom". In
3091:
847:
800:
721:
346:
218:
7960:
7633:
7378:
7068:
6981:
Thoroczkay, GĂĄbor (2001). "The Dioceses and Bishops of Saint Stephen". In Zsoldos, Attila (ed.).
6921:
6350:
Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by DezsĆ DercsĂ©nyi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing.
2862:
2650:
2486:
2308:
1973:
1858:
1849:
1757:
1673:
1606:
1486:
1155:". Györffy says that the chronicler's report refers to the occupation of the valley of the river
673:
603:
291:
283:
6212:"Hartvic, Life of King Stephen of Hungary" (Translated by Nora Berend) (2001). In Head, Thomas.
1499:
1344:
1060), Stephen allied with the Byzantines and led a military expedition to assist them against "
854:) and Veszprém in order to threaten all of those who were conspiring against the young monarch.
808:
369:
6468:
1420:
route that bypassed his old capital, Esztergom. The new route connected Western Europe and the
407:. Hungary enjoyed a lasting period of peace during his reign, and became a preferred route for
7788:
7763:
7727:
7675:
7101:
7045:
7026:
7005:
6986:
6967:
6940:
6907:
6888:
6865:
6844:
6825:
6804:
6777:
6753:
6729:
6707:
6683:
6664:
6645:
6623:
6599:
6580:
6558:
6535:
6513:
6491:
6472:
6445:
6423:
6390:
6382:
6374:
6366:
6351:
6337:
6323:
6308:
6293:
6279:
6264:
6246:
6231:
6217:
6169:
6143:"IstvĂĄn kirĂĄly â a kottĂĄtĂłl az operĂĄig [King Stephen â from sheet music to the opera]"
6089:
5902:
3099:
2926:
2782:
2777:
2744:
2732:
2269:
1749:
1732:
1413:
1296:
1284:
922:
760:
661:
626:
611:
585:
454:, in 1083. Stephen is a popular saint in Hungary and neighboring territories. In Hungary, his
426:
Stephen survived all of his children, dying on 15 August 1038 aged 62 or 63. He was buried in
396:
373:
372:, and native lords. He was crowned on 25 December 1000 or 1 January 1001 with a crown sent by
360:
After succeeding his father in 997, Stephen had to fight for the throne against his relative,
350:
255:
199:
191:
7162:
KristĂł, Gyula (2002). Szent IstvĂĄn kirĂĄly (=King Saint Stephen). Vince KiadĂł and Neumann Kht.
6963:
6800:
6241:"Life of the Five Brethren by Bruno of Querfurt (Translated by Marina Miladinov)" (2013). In
2961:, the king "himself compiled a book for his son on moral education". This work, now known as
1681:, as his heir. The same source adds that Vazul was captured and blinded, and his three sons,
7948:
6955:
6792:
6460:
5910:
3024:
2970:
2818:
2740:
2691:
Hungary, kings, masons, stonecutters, stonemason, bricklayers, protector against child death
2623:
1741:
1644:
1614:
1562:
1554:
1524:
1349:
1321:
1304:
1194:
1064:
from the first years of his reign includes several provisions prescribing the observance of
926:
816:
792:
752:
709:
669:
589:
531:
443:
385:
377:
354:
6440:(2001). "Introduction to Hartvic, Life of King Stephen of Hungary". In Head, Thomas (ed.).
4037:
Pope Gregory VII's letter to King Solomon of Hungary, claiming suzerainty over that kingdom
1781:, who received the name of his maternal uncle, Emperor Henry II, was born around 1007. His
1416:
and his new capital. His decision was influenced by the opening, in 1018 or 1019, of a new
7239:
7144:
6505:
6398:
2914:
2679:
2666:
2559:
2536:
1661:
1458:
1279:
1148:
890:
830:
320:
304:
71:
7771:
6839:
Makk, Ferenc (2001). "On the Foreign Policy of Saint Stephen". In Zsoldos, Attila (ed.).
6743:
6721:
6697:
3228:
2718:
1241:
653:
and JĂĄn LukaÄka, accept Györffy's view and propose that Stephen administered Nyitra (now
645:
Györffy writes, without identifying his source, that Géza appointed his son to rule the "
535:
30:"Stephen of Hungary" and "Szent IstvĂĄn" redirect here. For the first-century martyr, see
7019:
Veszprémy, Låszló (1994). "Gizella". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pål; Makk, Ferenc (eds.).
7996:
7972:
7719:
1577:
1516:
1425:
1409:
1292:
1156:
1123:
677:
547:
543:
420:
412:
296:
1537:, the Venetian Gerard was consecrated as the first bishop of the new diocese in 1030.
1523:
against Ajtony, who was killed in battle. His lands were transformed into a Hungarian
1388:
1356:. Leodvin's report suggests that Stephen joined the Byzantines in the war ending with
720:, according to which GĂ©za should have been succeeded by the most senior member of the
564:
sources state that Stephen's mother was Adelhaid, an otherwise unknown sister of Duke
546:
around 952 and "remained faithful to Christianity", according to Byzantine chronicler
331:
at birth, but the date of his baptism is unknown. He was the only son of Grand Prince
8006:
7984:
7860:
7126:
7078:
6881:
6461:
6278:(Edited by John France, Neithard Bulst and Paul Reynolds) . Oxford University Press.
3636:
3057:
in 1812. According to musician James M. Keller, "he descending unisons that open the
3054:
2922:
1678:
1160:
713:
638:
561:
519:
480:
341:
31:
6956:
6939:. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). pp. 133â207.
6793:
4101:
1677:
Stephen disregarded his cousin's claim and nominated his sister's son, the Venetian
6527:
6263:(Translated and annotated by David A. Warner) (2001). Manchester University Press.
3079:
2893:
2870:
2806:
2686:
2613:
2558:, communities that claimed a privileged status or attempted to preserve their own "
2163:
1428:, for example, wrote in a letter to Stephen that "those who have returned from the
1405:
1288:
1233:
1202:
737:
733:
523:
376:. In a series of wars against semi-independent tribes and chieftainsâincluding the
6572:
2913:, Croatia). The relic was then taken to Székesfehérvår around 1420. Following the
1404:
of a number of saints in "Cesaries" during his campaign in the Balkans, including
961:
followed the rite of the coronation of the German kings. Accordingly, Stephen was
17:
2493:***Samuel Aba might have been the son of Stephen's sister instead of her husband.
1553:, as their duke in 1027, although Stephen's son Emeric had a strong claim to the
759:
KoppĂĄny proposed to GĂ©za's widow, Sarolt, in accordance with the pagan custom of
388:. He protected the independence of his kingdom by forcing the invading troops of
7334:
6437:
3070:
nd then a later theme, introduced by flutes and clarinets, seems almost to be a
2952:
2930:
2875:
2841:. In addition, a separate feast day (30 May) is dedicated to his "Holy Dexter".
2714:
2586:
2523:
2507:
1785:
from the early 12th century describes him as a saintly prince who preserved his
1482:
942:
930:
838:
435:
7955:
6243:
Saints of the Christianization Age of Central Europe (Tenth-Eleventh Centuries)
2883:, Romania) was named after and dedicated to the veneration of the Holy Dexter.
7431:
3103:
2709:, who had consolidated his authority by capturing and imprisoning his cousin,
2177:
1495:
1417:
1232:
or his fatherâ married Stephen's unnamed younger sister on this occasion. The
1229:
970:
962:
747:
725:
361:
345:. Although both of his parents were baptized, Stephen was the first member of
7105:
7087:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 882â883.
5906:
7072:
7002:
Saint Stephen and His Country: A Newborn Kingdom in Central Europe â Hungary
6983:
Saint Stephen and His Country: A Newborn Kingdom in Central Europe â Hungary
6841:
Saint Stephen and His Country: A Newborn Kingdom in Central Europe â Hungary
6726:
Saint Stephen and His Country: A Newborn Kingdom in Central Europe â Hungary
6402:
5638:
3032:
ability of the Hungarian nation to survive historical cataclysms during the
2910:
2822:
1980:
1433:
1421:
1345:
1324:
in January 1018. Later in the same year, 500 Hungarian horsemen accompanied
1309:
1098:
1065:
1045:
974:
911:
784:
717:
490:
455:
439:
416:
381:
324:
161:
145:
3039:
A popular hymn, still sung in the churches, was first recorded in the late
2880:
1520:
1380:(both were canonized along with King Stephen in 1083). PĂŒspökkĂșt-statue in
568:, but the reliability of this report is not accepted by modern historians.
6661:
Holy Rulers and Blessed Princes: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe
6386:
6378:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3872:
3870:
3411:
3409:
1584:". Peace was restored after Conrad had ceded the lands between the rivers
7320:
3266:
3264:
3017:
2934:
2642:
1833:
1786:
1736:
1598:
1300:
1253:
1209:
where the royal charter determining the borders of the newly established
1056:
maintained a good relationship with the clergy of the Holy Roman Empire.
934:
904:
685:
539:
515:
408:
404:
62:
6724:(2001). "The Life of King Stephen the Saint". In Zsoldos, Attila (ed.).
1752:, a daughter of Duke Henry the Wrangler of Bavaria, who was a nephew of
438:. His death was followed by civil wars which lasted for decades. He was
7161:
6530:(2001). "Transylvania around AD 1000". In UrbaĆczyk, PrzemysĆaw (ed.).
6305:
The Correspondence of Pope Gregory: Selected Letters from the Registrum
5859:"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), pp. 98 and 135
2826:
2802:
2794:
2727:
2675:
1682:
1569:
1437:
1225:
1206:
1053:
1049:
851:
843:
812:
764:
681:
622:
365:
213:
7257:
7143:
5868:"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), pp. 100, 137
1205:, Cardinal Azoâarrived in Hungary. The latter attended the meeting in
807:, "was for the first time girded with his sword", placed the brothers
550:. However, this identification is not unanimously accepted; historian
5497:
5495:
4880:
4878:
4876:
3027:
since the end of the 13th century. The earliest poems were religious
2933:'s St. Sigismund Chapel between around 1900 and 1944, in a cave near
2918:
2888:
2798:
2632:
1989:
1765:
1589:
1581:
1512:
1471:
1247:
Stephen set up a territory-based administrative system, establishing
1221:
1152:
1037:
966:
511:
336:
238:
8058:
Burials at the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
6394:
2921:, Ragusa and Vienna. It was returned to Hungary in 1771, when Queen
2830:
suffering from severe illnesses. His canonization was recognized by
2749:
the blind see, the lame walk, the deaf hear, the lepers are cleansed
2563:
1477:
Stephen convinced some pilgrims and merchants to settle in Hungary.
2981:
with the "pillars of his rule", meaning the prelates, aristocrats,
1303:(r. 976â1025), which suggests that Hungary's relationship with the
1228:
originâ and their chieftain. The head of the Kabarsâwho was either
1060:
activity was closely connected with Christianity. For example, his
743:
7364:
3083:
3008:
2848:
2810:
2786:("Christ's soldier") among the canonized monarchs. He was also a "
2518:
2506:
2426:
1726:
1668:
1639:
1629:
1585:
1401:
1387:
1367:
1353:
1240:, Simon of KĂ©za and other Hungarian chroniclers of the BĂĄr-KalĂĄn,
1198:
1172:
1092:
1041:
1033:
898:
858:
776:
742:
654:
570:
527:
1605:, however, still a young boy entrusted to the care of Eigilbert,
6577:
The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895â1526
3028:
2814:
2532:
1441:
1329:
7261:
7137:
Procession of the Holy Right Hand of St. Stephen on Videoactive
2705:
Stephen's canonization was initiated by Vazul's grandson, King
493:, which implies that he was born after 972 because his father,
6904:
Saintly Companions: A Cross-Reference of Sainted Relationships
6274:"Rodulfus Glaber: The Five Books of the Histories" (2002). In
5160:
5158:
4484:
4482:
1251:. Each county, headed by a royal official known as a count or
594:
6420:
The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III: c. 900âc.1024
5985:"A Szent Jobb története [History of the Holy Dexter]"
3043:. It hails King St. Stephen as "radiant star of Hungarians".
5947:
5945:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5524:
5522:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5265:
5263:
957:
suggest that the ceremony, which took place in Esztergom or
7127:
A BBC report on Saint Stephen's day celebrations in Hungary
6418:
Bakay, Kornél (1999). "Hungary". In Reuter, Timothy (ed.).
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4678:
4676:
4639:
4637:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4187:
4185:
3887:
3885:
3505:
3503:
3078:
melody of the Ninth Symphony's finale". Hungarian composer
2751:, the crippled are set straight, the paralyzed are cured...
6038:
6036:
6034:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5364:
5362:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5202:
5200:
5175:
5173:
5130:
5128:
5028:
5026:
4971:
4969:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4693:
4691:
4095:"Kirålykoronåzåsok és temetések Székesfehérvåron (2013/6)"
3698:
3696:
3694:
750:'s execution after his defeat by Stephen, depicted in the
598:, meaning "hero", "master", "prince" or "rich". Stephen's
6228:
John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811â1057
5876:
5874:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5551:
5549:
4800:
4798:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4318:
3325:
John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811â1057
3098:("Hymn to King Stephen"). In 1983, Levente Szörényi and
877:
are the most probable candidates, according to historian
61:
Portrayal of Stephen I on the Hungarian coronation pall (
5696:
5694:
5692:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5145:
5143:
5091:
5089:
5044:
5013:
5011:
5009:
4863:
4861:
4773:
4771:
4309:
4297:
4285:
4249:
4214:
4212:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4124:
4122:
4020:
4018:
4016:
3992:
3876:
3833:
3831:
3746:
3744:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3415:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3270:
2482:**Györffy writes that she may have been a member of the
1700:
In the view of some historians, provisions in Stephen's
6488:
Butler's Lives of the Saints (New Full Edition): August
5991:. Szent IstvĂĄn Bazilika, Budapest. 1991. Archived from
5932:
5930:
5928:
5756:
5754:
5752:
4523:
4521:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4003:
4001:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3296:
3294:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
1177:
Stephen defeats Kean "Duke of the Bulgarians and Slavs"
526:
or in the wider region of the confluence of the rivers
6405:. (ISBN may be misprinted in the book as 88445-29-2) .
6363:
The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000â1301
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3281:
3279:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
1448:
all those from Italy and Gaul who wished to go to the
27:
King of Hungary from 1000/1001 to 1038; Catholic saint
7932:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
791:
and other place names, referring to ethnic groups or
510:
Hungarian chronicles agree that Stephen's mother was
6320:
Imperial Lives & Letters of the Eleventh Century
602:
narrates that he was baptized by the saintly Bishop
462:
commemorating the foundation of the state, known as
7870:
7787:
7762:
7737:
7718:
7699:
7674:
7655:
7618:
7599:
7580:
7412:
7313:
7304:
7132:
His picture on the Hungarian 10,000 forint banknote
7025:(in Hungarian). AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł. pp. 236â237.
2685:
2665:
2649:
2629:
2612:
2598:
2593:
2577:
261:
244:
234:
224:
212:
198:
187:
175:
155:
134:
130:
120:
112:
105:
95:
85:
77:
70:
49:
6880:
6680:Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary
6486:Butler, Alban; Cumming, John; Burns, Paul (1998).
5631:"Szent IstvĂĄn kirĂĄly [King Saint Stephen]"
5501:
4884:
1576:, the emperor, suffering from consequences of the
1016:". All his legends testify that he established an
728:at that time. KoppĂĄny, who held the title Duke of
676:. According to popular tradition preserved in the
3053:for the inauguration of the Hungarian theatre in
1052:in 1012 by Archbishop Astrik show that Stephen's
949:that he governed his realm "by the will of God".
732:, had for many years administered the regions of
649:" around that time. Slovak historians, including
6422:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 536â552.
3904:
3902:
3900:
2797:, in Bavaria, but his relics were also taken to
1541:Conflicts with the Holy Roman Empire (1024â1031)
403:organized around fortresses and administered by
6776:(in Hungarian). Kossuth KiadĂł. pp. 5â118.
6116:"Beethoven: Overture to King Stephen, Opus 117"
2987:
2885:
2724:
1792:
1594:
1446:
1320:Poland and the Holy Roman Empire concluded the
1128:
1074:
339:, who was descended from a prominent family of
7042:Conrad II, 990â1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms
7021:Korai magyar törtĂ©neti lexikon (9â14. szĂĄzad)
5979:
5977:
5975:
5973:
4552:Life of the Five Brethren by Bruno of Querfurt
2969:, was preserved in manuscripts written in the
2743:, who asked through messengers whether he was
633:, one of his tutors was a Count Deodatus from
8068:Converts to Christianity from pagan religions
7273:
6361:"The Laws of King Stephen I (1000â1038)". In
3637:"Koppåny leverése [Koppåny's defeat]"
3630:
3628:
3626:
538:âpropose that her father was identical with "
8:
6926:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
6864:(in Hungarian). Szegedi Középkoråsz MƱhely.
6071:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6054:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3023:King St Stephen has been a popular theme in
2478:*A Khazar, Pecheneg or Volga Bulgarian lady.
1713:, a grandson of Vazul, ascended the throne.
1400:Bishop Leodvin wrote that Stephen collected
1147:About a hundred years later, the chronicler
941:states that the King offered Hungary to the
319:between 997 and 1000 or 1001, and the first
7044:. The Pennsylvania State University Press.
6318:"The Deeds of Conrad II (Wipo)" (2000). In
3061:would seem to prefigure the opening of the
811:at the head of his own guard and nominated
7310:
7280:
7266:
7258:
7167:
6290:Simon of KĂ©za: The Deeds of the Hungarians
6109:
6107:
5528:
5513:
5269:
5107:
4667:
4643:
4592:
4488:
4261:
4237:
4203:
4191:
3924:
3891:
3811:Simon of KĂ©za: The Deeds of the Hungarians
3509:
3445:
3443:
3348:
2585:
2574:
534:. Many historiansâincluding PĂĄl Engel and
55:
46:
6748:HĂĄborĂșk Ă©s hadviselĂ©s az ĂrpĂĄdok korĂĄban
6510:The Will to Survive: A History of Hungary
6189:Christopher Rechtenwald (18 April 2012).
5951:
5847:
5835:
5823:
5743:
5724:
5671:
5659:
5540:
5457:
5445:
4931:
4340:
4273:
3702:
1515:, a chieftain in the region of the river
903:King Saint Stephen's modern sculpture in
349:to become a devout Christian. He married
6820:Szent IstvĂĄn a magyar kultĂșrtörtĂ©netben
6118:. San Francisco Symphony. Archived from
5713:Hartvic, Life of King Stephen of Hungary
5624:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5255:Hartvic, Life of King Stephen of Hungary
4397:
3450:Hartvic, Life of King Stephen of Hungary
3312:
3211:Hartvic, Life of King Stephen of Hungary
2861:Stephen's intact dexter, or right hand (
2511:King Saint Stephen on the 10,000 forint
7939:
6962:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
6799:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
6467:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
6082:Kisebbségkutatås / Minorities' research
6042:
6025:
6013:
5901:(in Hungarian). 34â35 (LXI). Budapest.
5811:
5637:. Szent IstvĂĄn TĂĄrsulat. Archived from
5591:
5579:
5486:
5368:
5341:
5324:
5312:
5230:
5206:
5179:
5164:
5134:
5119:
5080:
5056:
5032:
4987:
4975:
4960:
4943:
4896:
4852:
4833:
4821:
4762:
4750:
4738:
4714:
4616:
4575:
4539:
4500:
4473:
4328:
4218:
4145:
4128:
4024:
3861:
3849:
3837:
3822:
3798:
3774:
3750:
3735:
3661:
3617:
3598:
3564:
3521:
3473:
3461:
3400:
3360:
3300:
3255:
3173:
3159:
2892:blessed man was deservedly exempt from
1018:archbishopric with its see in Esztergom
6919:
6644:. Atlantic Research and Publications.
5936:
5880:
5794:
5700:
5603:
5555:
5416:
5404:
5380:
5300:
5218:
5191:
5149:
5045:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
5017:
4867:
4789:
4777:
4604:
4563:
4527:
4385:
4310:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
4298:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
4286:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
4250:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
4176:
4081:
4007:
3993:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
3948:
3936:
3877:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
3723:
3685:
3581:
3552:
3533:
3494:
3434:
3416:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
3271:Berend, Laszlovszky & SzakĂĄcs 2007
3198:
3090:("King Stephen"), after him. In 1938,
2764:Stephen's first legend, the so-called
2702:, was born in the early 12th century.
937:). In a contrasting report, Stephen's
159:15 August 1038 (aged 62–63)
6767:Lenkey, ZoltĂĄn (2003). "Szent IstvĂĄn
6622:(in Hungarian). Gondolat Könyvkiadó.
6534:. Wydawnictwo DIG. pp. 141â165.
6334:The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
5760:
5683:
5428:
5392:
5095:
5068:
4908:
4726:
4697:
4682:
4655:
4628:
4455:The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
4426:
4414:
3967:
3786:
3673:
3379:
3336:
3285:
2466:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2307:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2186:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2161:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1963:
1933:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1485:monk who arrived in Hungary from the
1193:Likewise, the identification of the "
1163:in the 1010s. On the other hand, the
1000:("king of Hungary")âin his charters.
660:GĂ©za arranged Stephen's marriage, to
290:
7:
7921:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
7154:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
6752:(in Hungarian). Szukits Könyvkiadó.
6348:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:
4804:
4157:
4057:
3237:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc. 2008
2526:: 5 PengĆ, Death of St. Stephen 1938
1295:(r. 1008â1026), a close ally of the
1048:and the consecration of an altar in
495:GĂ©za, Grand Prince of the Hungarians
458:(celebrated on 20 August) is also a
392:, to withdraw from Hungary in 1030.
315:975 â 15 August 1038), was the last
7004:. Lucidus KiadĂł. pp. 127â179.
5568:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle
5470:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle
5282:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle
4513:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle
4365:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle
3763:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle
2661:30 May (his Holy Dexter in Hungary)
895:Coronation of the Hungarian monarch
637:, who later founded a monastery in
36:Stephen of Hungary (disambiguation)
6442:Medieval Hagiography: An Anthology
6214:Medieval Hagiography: An Anthology
6168:. ZenemƱkiadó. pp. 293, 318.
3131:History of Christianity in Hungary
2925:donated it to the cloister of the
2772:âcomposed around 1100, under King
1592:to Hungary in the summer of 1031.
1159:âa tributary of the Danubeâby the
1097:Stephen's forces seize his uncle,
91:25 December 1000 or 1 January 1001
25:
8093:Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
8053:Beatified and canonised ĂrpĂĄdians
8038:Canonizations by Pope Gregory VII
7142:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
6985:. Lucidus KiadĂł. pp. 49â68.
6902:O'Malley, Vincent J., CM (1995).
6843:. Lucidus KiadĂł. pp. 37â48.
6770:". In Szentpéteri, József (ed.).
6728:. Lucidus KiadĂł. pp. 15â36.
6078:"St. Stephen in Hungarian poetry"
2873:. The theft of sacred relics, or
1723:Agatha (wife of Edward the Exile)
1599:fortified with rivers and forests
1511:mentions Stephen's conflict with
684:, the ceremony took place at the
7990:
7978:
7966:
7954:
7942:
7571:
6706:(in Hungarian). I.P.C. Könyvek.
5989:Szent Istvån Bazilika: Történet
5502:Butler, Cumming & Burns 1998
4885:Butler, Cumming & Burns 1998
575:Stephen's birth depicted in the
411:and merchants traveling between
265:
8048:11th-century monarchs in Europe
8028:10th-century monarchs in Europe
6824:(in Hungarian). Helikon KiadĂł.
6594:Guiley, Rosemary Ellen (2001).
6444:. Routledge. pp. 375â377.
6216:. Routledge. pp. 378â398.
5965:Life of King Stephen of Hungary
5774:Life of King Stephen of Hungary
5001:The Five Books of the Histories
2903:Life of King Stephen of Hungary
2835:Bartholomew I of Constantinople
2758:Life of King Stephen of Hungary
2726:Having completed the office of
1638:'s funeral and the blinding of
1463:The Five Books of the Histories
1266:Wars with Poland and Bulgaria (
1028:, Stephen also established the
503:and the nearly contemporaneous
7216:Grand Prince of the Hungarians
6937:History of Romania: Compendium
6887:. Cambridge University Press.
6860:Magyar kĂŒlpolitika (896â1196)
6682:. Atlantisz Publishing House.
6663:. Cambridge University Press.
6141:BĂłka, GĂĄbor (13 August 2013).
5893:Papp, TamĂĄs (21 August 2005).
5516:, pp. 17, Appendices 1â2.
3643:. Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtår
2546:, secured the throne due to a
1213:was issued on 23 August 1009.
996:("king of the Pannonians") or
704:Grand Prince of the Hungarians
327:. He was given the pagan name
317:Grand Prince of the Hungarians
107:Grand Prince of the Hungarians
1:
8043:11th-century Hungarian people
8033:11th-century Christian saints
8023:10th-century Hungarian people
7185:
7074:"Stephen I. of Hungary"
6642:King Saint Stephen of Hungary
6088:(3). Budapest. Archived from
5243:The Deeds of Conrad II (Wipo)
1364:Domestic policies (1018â1024)
1341:
1337:
1267:
1005:
689:Nyitra after their marriage.
657:, Slovakia) from around 995.
471:
390:Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
312:
292:[ËsÉntËiÊtvaËnkiraËj]
140:
6883:A Concise History of Hungary
6772:Szent IstvĂĄn Ă©s III. AndrĂĄs
4445:(ch. 8.4), pp. 363â364.
3094:wrote a choral piece titled
2853:The Holy Right displayed in
1572:. However, according to the
992:("king of the Hungarians"),
822:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
767:. A charter of 1002 for the
542:", who had been baptized in
522:with jurisdiction either in
6532:Europe around the year 1000
3096:Ănek Szent IstvĂĄn KirĂĄlyhoz
38:. For the dreadnought, see
8124:
7872:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
7569:
6596:The Encyclopedia of Saints
6579:. I.B. Tauris Publishers.
5245:(ch. 26.), pp. 85â86.
4072:(Stephen I:Preface), p. 1.
3136:Isten, hazĂĄnkĂ©rt tĂ©rdelĂŒnk
3126:Catholic Church in Hungary
2950:
1754:Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
1731:King Stephen and his wife
1720:
1358:their conquest of Bulgaria
1274:Stephen's brother-in-law,
1166:Polish-Hungarian Chronicle
888:
701:
588:, a name derived from the
557:Polish-Hungarian Chronicle
353:, a scion of the imperial
29:
8088:Medieval Hungarian saints
7919:
7295:
7246:
7237:
7232:
7222:
7213:
7205:
7200:
7170:
6659:Klaniczay, GĂĄbor (2002).
6114:Keller, James M. (2013).
4457:(ch. 6.), pp. 31â33.
2813:. Upon the liberation of
2584:
2471:
2464:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2373:
2371:
2342:
2340:
2324:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2288:
2286:
2275:
2273:
2258:
2256:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2174:
2159:
2157:
2150:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2077:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2023:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1995:
1993:
1970:
1968:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1869:
1855:
1853:
1508:Long Life of Saint Gerard
1376:and his disciple, Prince
1372:Modern statute of Bishop
666:Henry II, Duke of Bavaria
489:adds that he was born in
309:Ć tefan I. or Ć tefan VeÄŸkĂœ
54:
7040:Wolfram, Herwig (2006).
6678:Kontler, LĂĄszlĂł (1999).
6261:of Thietmar of Merseburg
4503:, pp. 107â108, 142.
4443:of Thietmar of Merseburg
3913:of Thietmar of Merseburg
3082:named his last complete
2929:in Buda. It was kept in
2825:. As the feast of Saint
2817:from the Ottoman Turks,
1768:in Bavaria around 1060.
1396:, established by Stephen
446:, together with his son
34:. For other people, see
7620:Capetian House of Anjou
7145:"St. Stephen (2)"
7084:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
6879:MolnĂĄr, MiklĂłs (2001).
6818:Magyar, ZoltĂĄn (1996).
6702:Az ĂrpĂĄd-hĂĄz uralkodĂłi
6700:; Makk, Ferenc (1996).
6598:. Infobase Publishing.
6076:PomogĂĄts, BĂ©la (2000).
5776:(ch. 24.), pp. 393â394.
5356:(Stephen II:19), p. 11.
3234:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3149:St. Stephen's Mausoleum
3036:between 1949 and 1989.
2957:According to Stephen's
2745:the one who was to come
2659:2 September (1686â1969)
2607:Eastern Orthodox Church
1574:Annals of Niederalteich
1529:new bishopric at CsanĂĄd
1115:Diocese of Transylvania
698:Grand Prince (997â1000)
181:Székesfehérvår Basilica
150:Principality of Hungary
8103:Christian royal saints
7642:(1382â1385; 1386â1395)
7428:(1038â1041; 1044â1046)
6618:Istvån kiråly és mƱve
6549:Csorba, Csaba (2004).
6164:Breuer, JĂĄnos (1982).
5529:KristĂł & Makk 1996
5514:KristĂł & Makk 1996
5354:Laws of King Stephen I
5270:KristĂł & Makk 1996
4668:KristĂł & Makk 1996
4353:Laws of King Stephen I
4070:Laws of King Stephen I
3635:KristĂł, Gyula (2001).
3349:KristĂł & Makk 1996
3020:
3002:
2939:St. Stephen's Basilica
2907:
2866:
2858:
2855:St. Stephen's Basilica
2762:
2707:Ladislaus I of Hungary
2657:20 August (in Hungary)
2639:St. Stephen's Basilica
2527:
2516:
2354:Peter, King of Hungary
2301:a Bulgarian princess**
1807:
1756:. Gisela's mother was
1745:
1649:
1626:Last years (1031â1038)
1623:
1619:The Deeds of Conrad II
1527:and the king set up a
1467:
1397:
1385:
1178:
1145:
1101:
1091:
1087:Laws of King Stephen I
907:
885:Coronation (1000â1001)
837:KoppĂĄny was besieging
756:
581:
308:
300:
287:
8098:People from Esztergom
7172:Stephen I of Hungary
7151:Catholic Encyclopedia
6858:Makk, Ferenc (1993).
6512:. C. Hurst & Co.
6490:. Burns & Oates.
6276:Rodulfus Glaber Opera
6257:Ottonian Germany: The
4355:(Stephen I:12), p. 4.
3059:King Stephen Overture
3050:King Stephen Overture
3012:
2967:De institutione morum
2852:
2603:Roman Catholic Church
2552:Illuminated Chronicle
2522:
2510:
1773:Illuminated Chronicle
1735:founding a church at
1730:
1695:Illuminated Chronicle
1658:Illuminated Chronicle
1633:
1450:Sepulchre of the Lord
1391:
1371:
1183:Illuminated Chronicle
1176:
1137:Thietmar of Merseburg
1107:Illuminated Chronicle
1096:
902:
867:Thietmar of Merseburg
827:Illuminated Chronicle
805:Illuminated Chronicle
769:Pannonhalma Archabbey
746:
631:Illuminated Chronicle
578:Illuminated Chronicle
574:
505:Thietmar of Merseburg
434:and dedicated to the
7601:House of Wittelsbach
5570:(ch. 60.86), p. 113.
5472:(ch. 38.63), p. 104.
5284:(ch. 45.69), p. 107.
5003:(ch. 3.1.2.), p. 97.
4946:, pp. 147, 151.
4899:, pp. 146, 151.
4515:(ch. 41.66), p. 105.
4367:(ch. 40.65), p. 105.
4288:, pp. 331, 333.
3765:(ch. 39.64), p. 105.
3641:Szent IstvĂĄn kirĂĄly
3327:(ch. 11.5.), p. 231.
3045:Ludwig van Beethoven
3014:Church of Saint Sava
2832:Ecumenical Patriarch
2731:the answer from the
1559:Werner of Strasbourg
1315:Sviatopolk I of Kiev
1224:âan ethnic group of
1120:BolesĆaw I the Brave
1111:Annals of Hildesheim
1004:Consolidation (1001â
871:dioceses of Veszprém
621:, written by Bishop
619:official hagiography
584:Stephen was born as
464:State Foundation Day
251:Great Schism of 1054
7657:House of Luxembourg
7289:Monarchs of Hungary
7069:Bain, Robert Nisbet
6958:Slovakia in History
6795:Slovakia in History
6555:Castle of Szentjobb
6016:, pp. 166â167.
5233:, pp. 149â150.
5167:, pp. 197â198.
4836:, pp. 145â146.
4400:, pp. 150â151.
4107:on 12 November 2016
2737:Savior of the world
2544:Andrew I of Hungary
1702:Second Book of Laws
1534:Annales Posonienses
1190:in the late 1010s.
1014:by the Grace of God
986:Adémar de Chabannes
933:" (that is, to the
674:Holy Roman Emperors
566:Mieszko I of Poland
520:Hungarian chieftain
288:Szent IstvĂĄn kirĂĄly
8108:Hungarian monarchs
8063:Christian monarchs
7739:House of Jagiellon
7701:House of Jagiellon
6193:. Viva la Musical.
6122:on 21 January 2014
5967:(ch. 27.), p. 396.
5715:(ch. 24.), p. 393.
4685:, pp. 40, 85.
4554:(ch. 10.), p. 245.
3915:(ch. 29.), p. 193.
3813:(ch. 78.), p. 163.
3777:, pp. 63, 83.
3021:
2999:to his son, Emeric
2915:Ottoman occupation
2859:
2594:King and Confessor
2579:King Saint Stephen
2528:
2517:
2513:Hungarian banknote
2503:Founder of Hungary
2487:Cometopuli dynasty
2467:Byzantine princess
2309:Michael of Hungary
1974:Gisela of Burgundy
1804:to his son, Emeric
1760:, a member of the
1758:Gisela of Burgundy
1746:
1650:
1607:bishop of Freising
1487:Republic of Venice
1430:shrine of our Lord
1398:
1386:
1326:Boleslav of Poland
1179:
1102:
1062:First Book of Laws
1030:Diocese of Kalocsa
947:First Book of Laws
908:
757:
625:and sanctioned by
604:Adalbert of Prague
582:
280:King Saint Stephen
170:Kingdom of Hungary
18:Stephen of Hungary
8073:Founding monarchs
7930:
7929:
7837:
7789:House of Habsburg
7676:House of Habsburg
7567:
7566:
7510:
7502:
7256:
7255:
7247:Succeeded by
7051:978-0-271-02738-8
7032:978-963-05-6722-0
7011:978-963-86163-9-5
6992:978-963-86163-9-5
6973:978-0-521-80253-6
6946:978-973-7784-12-4
6913:978-0-8189-0693-0
6894:978-0-521-66736-4
6871:978-963-04-2913-9
6850:978-963-86163-9-5
6831:978-963-208-401-5
6810:978-0-521-80253-6
6783:978-963-09-4461-8
6759:978-963-9441-87-3
6735:978-963-86163-9-5
6713:978-963-7930-97-3
6689:978-963-9165-37-3
6670:978-0-521-42018-1
6651:978-0-88033-300-9
6629:978-963-9441-87-3
6605:978-1-4381-3026-2
6586:978-1-86064-061-2
6564:978-963-7194-15-3
6541:978-83-7181-211-8
6519:978-1-84904-112-6
6497:978-0-86012-257-9
6478:978-0-521-87616-2
6451:978-0-415-93753-5
6429:978-0-521-36447-8
6411:Secondary sources
6328:978-0-231-12121-7
6313:978-0-231-09627-0
6251:978-615-5225-20-8
6236:978-0-521-76705-7
6175:978-0-328-47359-5
6092:on 3 October 2014
6057:, pp. 46â47.
5995:on 15 August 2013
5686:, pp. 32â33.
5407:, pp. 25â27.
5395:, pp. 29â32.
5327:, pp. 58â59.
5257:(ch. 19), p. 390.
5221:, pp. 74â75.
4999:Rodulfus Glaber,
4807:, pp. 48â49.
4700:, pp. 40â41.
4566:, pp. 38â39.
4491:, pp. 19â21.
4264:, pp. 55â57.
4084:, pp. 22â23.
3927:, pp. 52â54.
3864:, pp. 85â86.
3825:, pp. 32â33.
3738:, pp. 83â84.
3688:, pp. 18â19.
3664:, pp. 52â53.
3536:, pp. 16â17.
3476:, pp. 79â80.
2927:Sisters of Loreto
2778:Pope Innocent III
2695:
2694:
2599:Venerated in
2475:
2474:
2270:Gisela of Bavaria
1981:Gyula the Younger
1733:Gisela of Bavaria
1674:Annals of Altaich
1502:âin this period.
1414:cathedral chapter
1297:Byzantine Emperor
1211:Bishopric of PĂ©cs
1099:Gyula the Younger
923:Pope Sylvester II
912:Gyula the Younger
761:levirate marriage
627:Pope Innocent III
612:Bruno of Querfurt
397:Holy Roman Empire
382:Gyula the Younger
374:Pope Sylvester II
351:Gisela of Bavaria
301:Sanctus Stephanus
273:
272:
192:Gisela of Bavaria
81:1000 or 1001â1038
16:(Redirected from
8115:
8083:Kings of Hungary
7995:
7994:
7993:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7971:
7970:
7969:
7959:
7958:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7938:
7832:
7764:House of ZĂĄpolya
7720:House of Hunyadi
7582:House of PĆemysl
7575:
7505:
7497:
7311:
7282:
7275:
7268:
7259:
7206:Preceded by
7196:
7189:
7187:
7168:
7160:
7155:
7147:
7109:
7096:(in Bulgarian).
7088:
7076:
7055:
7036:
7015:
6996:
6977:
6961:
6950:
6931:
6925:
6917:
6898:
6886:
6875:
6854:
6835:
6814:
6798:
6787:
6763:
6739:
6717:
6693:
6674:
6655:
6633:
6609:
6590:
6568:
6545:
6523:
6506:Cartledge, Bryan
6501:
6482:
6466:
6455:
6433:
6195:
6194:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6111:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6073:
6058:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6029:
6023:
6017:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5981:
5968:
5961:
5955:
5949:
5940:
5934:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5913:on 29 April 2014
5909:. Archived from
5890:
5884:
5878:
5869:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5851:
5845:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5798:
5792:
5777:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5747:
5741:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5635:A szentek Ă©lete
5626:
5607:
5601:
5595:
5589:
5583:
5577:
5571:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5490:
5484:
5473:
5467:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5443:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5304:
5298:
5285:
5279:
5273:
5267:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5195:
5189:
5183:
5177:
5168:
5162:
5153:
5147:
5138:
5132:
5123:
5117:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5021:
5015:
5004:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4964:
4958:
4947:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4912:
4906:
4900:
4894:
4888:
4882:
4871:
4865:
4856:
4850:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4808:
4802:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4701:
4695:
4686:
4680:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4632:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4590:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4477:
4471:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4368:
4362:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4222:
4216:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4180:
4174:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4132:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4106:
4100:. Archived from
4099:
4091:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4011:
4005:
3996:
3990:
3971:
3965:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3906:
3895:
3889:
3880:
3874:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3706:
3700:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3632:
3621:
3615:
3602:
3596:
3585:
3579:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3498:
3492:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3452:(ch. 4), p. 381.
3447:
3438:
3432:
3419:
3413:
3404:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3289:
3283:
3274:
3268:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3225:
3214:
3213:(ch. 5), p. 381.
3208:
3202:
3196:
3177:
3171:
3109:IstvĂĄn, a kirĂĄly
3073:
3069:
3042:
3034:Communist regime
3025:Hungarian poetry
3000:
2971:Late Middle Ages
2905:
2819:Pope Innocent XI
2760:
2635:
2624:Pope Gregory VII
2618:20 August 1083,
2589:
2575:
2556:medieval Hungary
1965:Henry of Bavaria
1812:
1811:
1805:
1748:Stephen married
1742:Chronicon Pictum
1645:Chronicon Pictum
1621:
1563:Wipo of Burgundy
1555:Duchy of Bavaria
1465:
1374:Gerard of CsanĂĄd
1350:Balkan Peninsula
1343:
1339:
1322:Peace of Bautzen
1317:(r. 1015â1019).
1305:Byzantine Empire
1269:
1195:Black Hungarians
1143:
1089:
1026:GĂĄbor Thoroczkay
1007:
927:Pope Gregory VII
879:GĂĄbor Thoroczkay
809:Hont and PĂĄzmĂĄny
793:Hungarian tribes
753:Chronicon Pictum
710:Carpathian Basin
693:Reign (997â1038)
670:Ottonian dynasty
473:
452:Gerard of CsanĂĄd
444:Pope Gregory VII
428:his new basilica
386:Carpathian Basin
384:âhe unified the
378:Black Hungarians
370:Hont and PĂĄzmĂĄny
355:Ottonian dynasty
314:
294:
278:, also known as
269:
254:
142:
116:997â1000 or 1001
59:
47:
40:SMS Szent IstvĂĄn
21:
8123:
8122:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7991:
7989:
7979:
7977:
7967:
7965:
7953:
7943:
7941:
7933:
7931:
7926:
7915:
7866:
7783:
7758:
7733:
7714:
7695:
7670:
7651:
7614:
7595:
7576:
7563:
7408:
7300:
7291:
7286:
7252:
7243:
7240:King of Hungary
7228:
7219:
7211:
7190:
7181:
7180:
7173:
7166:
7158:
7141:
7122:
7112:
7091:
7067:
7063:
7061:Further reading
7058:
7052:
7039:
7033:
7018:
7012:
6999:
6993:
6980:
6974:
6953:
6947:
6934:
6918:
6914:
6901:
6895:
6878:
6872:
6857:
6851:
6838:
6832:
6817:
6811:
6790:
6784:
6766:
6760:
6742:
6736:
6720:
6714:
6696:
6690:
6677:
6671:
6658:
6652:
6638:Györffy, György
6636:
6630:
6614:Györffy, György
6612:
6606:
6593:
6587:
6571:
6565:
6548:
6542:
6526:
6520:
6504:
6498:
6485:
6479:
6458:
6452:
6436:
6430:
6417:
6413:
6408:
6208:
6206:Primary sources
6203:
6198:
6188:
6187:
6183:
6176:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6148:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6135:
6125:
6123:
6113:
6112:
6105:
6095:
6093:
6075:
6074:
6061:
6053:
6049:
6041:
6032:
6024:
6020:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5983:
5982:
5971:
5962:
5958:
5950:
5943:
5935:
5926:
5916:
5914:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5879:
5872:
5867:
5863:
5858:
5854:
5846:
5842:
5834:
5830:
5822:
5818:
5810:
5801:
5793:
5780:
5771:
5767:
5759:
5750:
5742:
5731:
5723:
5719:
5711:
5707:
5699:
5690:
5682:
5678:
5670:
5666:
5658:
5654:
5644:
5642:
5641:on 20 June 2018
5628:
5627:
5610:
5602:
5598:
5590:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5566:
5562:
5554:
5547:
5539:
5535:
5527:
5520:
5512:
5508:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5476:
5468:
5464:
5456:
5452:
5444:
5435:
5427:
5423:
5415:
5411:
5403:
5399:
5391:
5387:
5379:
5375:
5367:
5360:
5352:
5348:
5340:
5331:
5323:
5319:
5311:
5307:
5299:
5288:
5280:
5276:
5268:
5261:
5253:
5249:
5241:
5237:
5229:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5205:
5198:
5190:
5186:
5178:
5171:
5163:
5156:
5148:
5141:
5133:
5126:
5118:
5114:
5108:Thoroczkay 2001
5106:
5102:
5094:
5087:
5079:
5075:
5067:
5063:
5055:
5051:
5043:
5039:
5031:
5024:
5016:
5007:
4998:
4994:
4986:
4982:
4974:
4967:
4959:
4950:
4942:
4938:
4930:
4915:
4907:
4903:
4895:
4891:
4883:
4874:
4866:
4859:
4851:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4820:
4811:
4803:
4796:
4788:
4784:
4776:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4704:
4696:
4689:
4681:
4674:
4666:
4662:
4654:
4650:
4644:Thoroczkay 2001
4642:
4635:
4627:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4603:
4599:
4593:Thoroczkay 2001
4591:
4582:
4574:
4570:
4562:
4558:
4550:
4546:
4538:
4534:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4507:
4499:
4495:
4489:SteinhĂŒbel 2011
4487:
4480:
4472:
4461:
4453:
4449:
4437:
4433:
4425:
4421:
4413:
4404:
4396:
4392:
4384:
4371:
4363:
4359:
4351:
4347:
4339:
4335:
4327:
4316:
4308:
4304:
4296:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4272:
4268:
4262:Thoroczkay 2001
4260:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4238:Thoroczkay 2001
4236:
4225:
4217:
4210:
4204:Thoroczkay 2001
4202:
4198:
4192:Thoroczkay 2001
4190:
4183:
4175:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4144:
4135:
4127:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4080:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4056:
4043:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4014:
4006:
3999:
3991:
3974:
3966:
3955:
3947:
3943:
3935:
3931:
3925:Thoroczkay 2001
3923:
3919:
3907:
3898:
3892:Thoroczkay 2001
3890:
3883:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3730:
3722:
3709:
3701:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3672:
3668:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3634:
3633:
3624:
3616:
3605:
3597:
3588:
3580:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3520:
3516:
3510:SteinhĂŒbel 2011
3508:
3501:
3493:
3480:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3456:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3422:
3414:
3407:
3399:
3386:
3378:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3277:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3227:
3226:
3217:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3180:
3172:
3161:
3157:
3122:
3071:
3067:
3040:
3007:
3001:
2994:
2955:
2949:
2906:
2900:
2847:
2761:
2755:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2641:
2630:
2605:
2580:
2573:
2505:
2500:
2491:
2480:
1834:Gyula the Elder
1806:
1799:
1795:been worn away.
1725:
1719:
1628:
1622:
1613:
1543:
1466:
1459:Rodulfus Glaber
1457:
1394:PĂ©csvĂĄrad Abbey
1366:
1334:Bishop of Bihar
1280:King of Germany
1272:
1218:Diocese of Eger
1149:Gallus Anonymus
1144:
1135:
1126:(r. 992â1025).
1090:
1085:
1010:
994:Pannoniorum rex
982:his first coins
973:decorated with
967:consecrated oil
897:
891:King of Hungary
887:
706:
700:
695:
476:
405:royal officials
380:and his uncle,
321:King of Hungary
248:
229:GĂ©za of Hungary
205:
183:
160:
144:
139:
72:King of Hungary
66:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8121:
8119:
8111:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8078:House of ĂrpĂĄd
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8005:
8004:
8000:
7999:
7987:
7975:
7963:
7951:
7928:
7927:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7907:
7904:Francis Joseph
7901:
7895:
7889:
7883:
7876:
7874:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7858:
7852:
7846:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7824:
7818:
7812:
7806:
7800:
7793:
7791:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7778:John Sigismund
7775:
7768:
7766:
7760:
7759:
7757:
7756:
7750:
7743:
7741:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7724:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7712:
7705:
7703:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7687:
7680:
7678:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7661:
7659:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7649:
7643:
7637:
7631:
7624:
7622:
7616:
7615:
7613:
7612:
7605:
7603:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7586:
7584:
7578:
7577:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7562:
7561:
7555:
7549:
7543:
7537:
7531:
7525:
7519:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7503:
7489:
7483:
7477:
7471:
7465:
7459:
7453:
7447:
7441:
7435:
7429:
7423:
7416:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7400:
7390:
7376:
7362:
7346:
7332:
7317:
7315:
7308:
7306:House of ĂrpĂĄd
7302:
7301:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7277:
7270:
7262:
7254:
7253:
7248:
7245:
7236:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7221:
7212:
7207:
7203:
7202:
7201:Regnal titles
7198:
7197:
7195:15 August 1038
7174:
7171:
7165:
7164:
7159:(in Hungarian)
7156:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7123:
7121:
7120:External links
7118:
7117:
7116:
7111:
7110:
7089:
7079:Chisholm, Hugh
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7050:
7037:
7031:
7016:
7010:
6997:
6991:
6978:
6972:
6951:
6945:
6932:
6912:
6906:. Alba House.
6899:
6893:
6876:
6870:
6855:
6849:
6836:
6830:
6815:
6809:
6788:
6782:
6764:
6758:
6740:
6734:
6718:
6712:
6694:
6688:
6675:
6669:
6656:
6650:
6634:
6628:
6610:
6604:
6591:
6585:
6569:
6563:
6551:Szentjobb vĂĄra
6546:
6540:
6524:
6518:
6502:
6496:
6483:
6477:
6456:
6450:
6434:
6428:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6359:
6345:
6331:
6316:
6301:
6287:
6272:
6254:
6239:
6225:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6181:
6174:
6156:
6133:
6103:
6059:
6047:
6045:, p. 167.
6030:
6028:, p. 166.
6018:
6006:
5969:
5956:
5954:, p. 146.
5952:Klaniczay 2002
5941:
5924:
5885:
5883:, p. 314.
5870:
5861:
5852:
5848:Klaniczay 2002
5840:
5838:, p. 134.
5836:Klaniczay 2002
5828:
5826:, p. 136.
5824:Klaniczay 2002
5816:
5799:
5797:, p. 375.
5778:
5765:
5748:
5746:, p. 124.
5744:Klaniczay 2002
5729:
5727:, p. 125.
5725:Klaniczay 2002
5717:
5705:
5688:
5676:
5674:, p. 129.
5672:Klaniczay 2002
5664:
5662:, p. 127.
5660:Klaniczay 2002
5652:
5629:DiĂłs, IstvĂĄn.
5608:
5596:
5594:, p. 139.
5584:
5582:, p. 129.
5572:
5560:
5558:, p. 106.
5545:
5541:Cartledge 2011
5533:
5518:
5506:
5504:, p. 160.
5491:
5489:, p. 168.
5474:
5462:
5460:, p. 237.
5458:Veszprémy 1994
5450:
5448:, p. 236.
5446:Veszprémy 1994
5433:
5421:
5409:
5397:
5385:
5383:, p. 136.
5373:
5371:, p. 136.
5358:
5346:
5344:, p. 170.
5329:
5317:
5315:, p. 169.
5305:
5286:
5274:
5259:
5247:
5235:
5223:
5211:
5209:, p. 231.
5196:
5184:
5182:, p. 149.
5169:
5154:
5139:
5137:, p. 187.
5124:
5112:
5100:
5098:, p. 142.
5085:
5083:, p. 101.
5073:
5061:
5059:, p. 110.
5049:
5047:, p. 352.
5037:
5035:, p. 160.
5022:
5005:
4992:
4990:, p. 150.
4980:
4978:, p. 147.
4965:
4963:, p. 148.
4948:
4936:
4932:Cartledge 2011
4913:
4901:
4889:
4887:, p. 159.
4872:
4857:
4855:, p. 146.
4838:
4826:
4824:, p. 143.
4809:
4794:
4782:
4767:
4765:, p. 144.
4755:
4753:, p. 133.
4743:
4741:, p. 140.
4731:
4719:
4717:, p. 119.
4702:
4687:
4672:
4660:
4648:
4633:
4621:
4619:, p. 108.
4609:
4597:
4580:
4578:, p. 187.
4568:
4556:
4544:
4532:
4517:
4505:
4493:
4478:
4476:, p. 142.
4459:
4447:
4431:
4429:, p. 146.
4419:
4417:, p. 145.
4402:
4390:
4369:
4357:
4345:
4341:Cartledge 2011
4333:
4331:, p. 135.
4314:
4312:, p. 334.
4302:
4300:, p. 333.
4290:
4278:
4274:Cartledge 2011
4266:
4254:
4252:, p. 336.
4242:
4223:
4208:
4196:
4181:
4162:
4150:
4133:
4118:
4086:
4074:
4062:
4041:
4029:
4012:
3997:
3995:, p. 343.
3972:
3953:
3941:
3929:
3917:
3896:
3881:
3879:, p. 351.
3866:
3854:
3842:
3827:
3815:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3740:
3728:
3707:
3703:Cartledge 2011
3690:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3622:
3603:
3586:
3569:
3557:
3538:
3526:
3514:
3499:
3478:
3466:
3464:, p. 132.
3454:
3439:
3420:
3418:, p. 329.
3405:
3384:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3315:, p. 147.
3305:
3290:
3288:, p. 547.
3275:
3273:, p. 331.
3260:
3248:
3215:
3203:
3178:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3121:
3118:
3116:("You, Sir").
3074:of the famous
3064:Ninth Symphony
3006:
3003:
2992:
2985:and warriors.
2959:Greater Legend
2951:Main article:
2948:
2943:
2898:
2846:
2843:
2788:confessor king
2766:Greater Legend
2753:
2719:mass psychosis
2693:
2692:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2620:Székesfehérvår
2616:
2610:
2609:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2548:pagan uprising
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:a "Cuman" lady
1856:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1797:
1718:
1715:
1627:
1624:
1611:
1578:scorched earth
1542:
1539:
1455:
1426:Odilo of Cluny
1410:Saint Nicholas
1382:Székesfehérvår
1365:
1362:
1293:Doge of Venice
1271:
1264:
1259:Székesfehérvår
1133:
1124:Duke of Poland
1083:
1009:
1002:
959:Székesfehérvår
955:Greater Legend
939:Greater Legend
886:
883:
863:interpolations
829:, "knights of
699:
696:
694:
691:
678:Scheyern Abbey
664:, daughter of
651:JĂĄn SteinhĂŒbel
600:Greater Legend
552:György Györffy
548:John Skylitzes
544:Constantinople
514:, daughter of
500:Greater Legend
475:
468:
460:public holiday
432:Székesfehérvår
421:Constantinople
413:Western Europe
335:and his wife,
271:
270:
263:
259:
258:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
202:
196:
195:
189:
185:
184:
179:
177:
173:
172:
166:Székesfehérvår
157:
153:
152:
136:
132:
131:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
68:
67:
60:
52:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8120:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8008:
7998:
7988:
7986:
7976:
7974:
7964:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7950:
7940:
7936:
7924:
7918:
7911:
7908:
7905:
7902:
7899:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7873:
7869:
7862:
7861:Maria Theresa
7859:
7856:
7853:
7850:
7847:
7844:
7841:
7835:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7827:Ferdinand III
7825:
7822:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7790:
7786:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7765:
7761:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7747:Vladislaus II
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7721:
7717:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7702:
7698:
7691:
7688:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7677:
7673:
7666:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7658:
7654:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7598:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7574:
7559:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7528:Ladislaus III
7526:
7523:
7520:
7517:
7514:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7487:
7484:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7463:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7424:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7404:
7401:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7347:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7314:Grand Princes
7312:
7309:
7307:
7303:
7299:
7294:
7290:
7283:
7278:
7276:
7271:
7269:
7264:
7263:
7260:
7251:
7242:
7241:
7235:
7231:
7225:
7218:
7217:
7210:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7184:
7179:
7178:
7177:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
7169:
7163:
7157:
7153:
7152:
7146:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7113:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7066:
7065:
7060:
7053:
7047:
7043:
7038:
7034:
7028:
7024:
7022:
7017:
7013:
7007:
7003:
6998:
6994:
6988:
6984:
6979:
6975:
6969:
6965:
6960:
6959:
6952:
6948:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6915:
6909:
6905:
6900:
6896:
6890:
6885:
6884:
6877:
6873:
6867:
6863:
6861:
6856:
6852:
6846:
6842:
6837:
6833:
6827:
6823:
6821:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6802:
6797:
6796:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6755:
6751:
6749:
6745:
6744:KristĂł, Gyula
6741:
6737:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6722:KristĂł, Gyula
6719:
6715:
6709:
6705:
6703:
6699:
6698:KristĂł, Gyula
6695:
6691:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6662:
6657:
6653:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6625:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6601:
6597:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6547:
6543:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6528:Curta, Florin
6525:
6521:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6493:
6489:
6484:
6480:
6474:
6470:
6465:
6464:
6457:
6453:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6425:
6421:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6371:1-884445-29-2
6368:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6356:0-8008-4015-1
6353:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6342:963-9241-40-7
6339:
6335:
6332:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6298:963-9116-31-9
6295:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6284:0-19-822241-6
6281:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6269:0-7190-4926-1
6266:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6222:0-415-93753-1
6219:
6215:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6192:
6185:
6182:
6177:
6171:
6167:
6166:KodĂĄly-kalauz
6160:
6157:
6145:. Opera-VilĂĄg
6144:
6137:
6134:
6121:
6117:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6055:O'Malley 1995
6051:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6010:
6007:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5960:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5877:
5875:
5871:
5865:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5850:, p. 16.
5849:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5820:
5817:
5814:, p. 90.
5813:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5763:, p. 33.
5762:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5709:
5706:
5703:, p. 35.
5702:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5656:
5653:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5606:, p. 24.
5605:
5600:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5543:, p. 17.
5542:
5537:
5534:
5531:, p. 51.
5530:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5431:, p. 26.
5430:
5425:
5422:
5419:, p. 27.
5418:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5309:
5306:
5303:, p. 32.
5302:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5275:
5272:, p. 48.
5271:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5251:
5248:
5244:
5239:
5236:
5232:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5194:, p. 74.
5193:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5152:, p. 90.
5151:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5122:, p. 40.
5121:
5116:
5113:
5110:, p. 62.
5109:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5077:
5074:
5071:, p. 40.
5070:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5020:, p. 28.
5019:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4937:
4934:, p. 16.
4933:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4911:, p. 43.
4910:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4870:, p. 72.
4869:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4792:, p. 88.
4791:
4786:
4783:
4780:, p. 71.
4779:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4729:, p. 41.
4728:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4670:, p. 63.
4669:
4664:
4661:
4658:, p. 29.
4657:
4652:
4649:
4646:, p. 61.
4645:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4631:, p. 22.
4630:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4610:
4607:, p. 39.
4606:
4601:
4598:
4595:, p. 60.
4594:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4542:, p. 91.
4541:
4536:
4533:
4530:, p. 37.
4529:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4398:SÄlÄgean 2005
4394:
4391:
4388:, p. 24.
4387:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4346:
4343:, p. 15.
4342:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4279:
4276:, p. 14.
4275:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4243:
4240:, p. 58.
4239:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4221:, p. 54.
4220:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4206:, p. 53.
4205:
4200:
4197:
4194:, p. 54.
4193:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4179:, p. 23.
4178:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4160:, p. 41.
4159:
4154:
4151:
4148:, p. 97.
4147:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4131:, p. 98.
4130:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4103:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4063:
4060:, p. 45.
4059:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4030:
4027:, p. 96.
4026:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4010:, p. 22.
4009:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3970:, p. 28.
3969:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3951:, p. 21.
3950:
3945:
3942:
3939:, p. 20.
3938:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3894:, p. 52.
3893:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3852:, p. 85.
3851:
3846:
3843:
3840:, p. 53.
3839:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3804:
3801:, p. 63.
3800:
3795:
3792:
3789:, p. 39.
3788:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3753:, p. 84.
3752:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3729:
3726:, p. 19.
3725:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3705:, p. 11.
3704:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3676:, p. 30.
3675:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3620:, p. 83.
3619:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3601:, p. 33.
3600:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3584:, p. 18.
3583:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3567:, p. 81.
3566:
3561:
3558:
3555:, p. 20.
3554:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3527:
3524:, p. 31.
3523:
3518:
3515:
3512:, p. 19.
3511:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3497:, p. 17.
3496:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3437:, p. 16.
3436:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3403:, p. 78.
3402:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3382:, p. 27.
3381:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3363:, p. 46.
3362:
3357:
3354:
3351:, p. 28.
3350:
3345:
3342:
3339:, p. 24.
3338:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3313:SÄlÄgean 2005
3309:
3306:
3303:, p. 44.
3302:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3258:, p. 51.
3257:
3252:
3249:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3201:, p. 15.
3200:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3176:, p. 64.
3175:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:ZoltĂĄn KodĂĄly
3089:
3088:IstvĂĄn kirĂĄly
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:variation ...
3066:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3047:composed his
3046:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2923:Maria Theresa
2920:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2783:miles Christi
2779:
2775:
2771:
2770:Lesser Legend
2767:
2759:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2470:
2462:
2447:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2378:
2376:
2355:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2280:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2199:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2155:
2146:two daughters
2132:
2129:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2047:
2045:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2001:
1998:Grand Prince
1991:
1982:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1919:
1905:
1895:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1848:Grand Prince
1835:
1813:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1771:Although the
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1679:Peter Orseolo
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1392:Ruins of the
1390:
1384:, installment
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
990:Ungarorum rex
987:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
906:
901:
896:
892:
884:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
850:(Alba Iulia,
849:
848:Gyulafehérvår
845:
840:
835:
832:
828:
824:
823:
818:
817:Simon of KĂ©za
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
797:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
754:
749:
745:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:ĂrpĂĄd dynasty
719:
715:
714:primogeniture
711:
705:
697:
692:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
647:Nyitra ducate
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
610:, written by
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:
591:
587:
580:
579:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
501:
496:
492:
488:
487:
486:Lesser Legend
482:
481:hagiographies
470:Early years (
469:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
268:
264:
260:
257:
252:
247:
243:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
158:
154:
151:
147:
137:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
64:
58:
53:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:Saint Stephen
19:
7922:
7834:Ferdinand IV
7829:(1637â1657)
7821:Ferdinand II
7709:Vladislaus I
7552:Ladislaus IV
7499:Ladislaus II
7494:(1162â1172)
7419:
7402:
7396:
7386:
7382:
7372:
7368:
7358:
7354:
7348:
7342:
7338:
7328:
7324:
7238:
7233:
7223:
7214:
7192:
7182:
7175:
7149:
7097:
7093:
7082:
7041:
7023:
7020:
7001:
6982:
6957:
6936:
6903:
6882:
6862:
6859:
6840:
6822:
6819:
6794:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6750:
6747:
6725:
6704:
6701:
6679:
6660:
6641:
6620:
6617:
6595:
6576:
6554:
6550:
6531:
6509:
6487:
6462:
6441:
6438:Berend, Nora
6419:
6362:
6347:
6333:
6319:
6304:
6289:
6275:
6260:
6256:
6242:
6227:
6213:
6184:
6165:
6159:
6147:. Retrieved
6136:
6124:. Retrieved
6120:the original
6094:. Retrieved
6090:the original
6085:
6081:
6050:
6043:Györffy 1994
6026:Györffy 1994
6021:
6014:Györffy 1994
6009:
5997:. Retrieved
5993:the original
5988:
5964:
5959:
5939:, p. 7.
5915:. Retrieved
5911:the original
5898:
5888:
5864:
5855:
5843:
5831:
5819:
5812:Györffy 1994
5773:
5768:
5720:
5712:
5708:
5679:
5667:
5655:
5643:. Retrieved
5639:the original
5634:
5599:
5592:Tringli 2001
5587:
5580:Tringli 2001
5575:
5567:
5563:
5536:
5509:
5487:Györffy 1994
5469:
5465:
5453:
5424:
5412:
5400:
5388:
5376:
5369:Györffy 1994
5353:
5349:
5342:Györffy 1994
5325:Kontler 1999
5320:
5313:Györffy 1994
5308:
5281:
5277:
5254:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5231:Györffy 1994
5226:
5214:
5207:Wolfram 2006
5187:
5180:Györffy 1994
5165:Wolfram 2006
5135:Wolfram 2006
5120:Wolfram 2006
5115:
5103:
5081:Györffy 1994
5076:
5064:
5057:Györffy 1994
5052:
5040:
5033:Györffy 1994
5000:
4995:
4988:Györffy 1994
4983:
4976:Györffy 1994
4961:Györffy 1994
4944:Györffy 1994
4939:
4904:
4897:Györffy 1994
4892:
4853:Györffy 1994
4834:Györffy 1994
4829:
4822:Györffy 1994
4785:
4763:Györffy 1994
4758:
4751:Györffy 1994
4746:
4739:Györffy 1994
4734:
4722:
4715:Györffy 1994
4663:
4651:
4624:
4617:Györffy 1994
4612:
4600:
4576:Györffy 1994
4571:
4559:
4551:
4547:
4540:Györffy 1994
4535:
4512:
4508:
4501:Györffy 1994
4496:
4474:Györffy 1994
4454:
4450:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4422:
4393:
4364:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4336:
4329:Györffy 1994
4305:
4293:
4281:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4219:Kontler 1999
4199:
4153:
4146:Györffy 1994
4129:Györffy 1994
4109:. Retrieved
4102:the original
4089:
4077:
4069:
4065:
4036:
4032:
4025:Györffy 1994
3944:
3932:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3862:Györffy 1994
3857:
3850:Györffy 1994
3845:
3838:Kontler 1999
3823:LukaÄka 2011
3818:
3810:
3806:
3799:Györffy 1994
3794:
3782:
3775:Györffy 1994
3770:
3762:
3758:
3751:Györffy 1994
3736:Györffy 1994
3731:
3681:
3669:
3662:Kontler 1999
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3640:
3618:Györffy 1994
3599:LukaÄka 2011
3565:Györffy 1994
3560:
3529:
3522:LukaÄka 2011
3517:
3474:Györffy 1994
3469:
3462:Györffy 1983
3457:
3449:
3401:Györffy 1994
3361:Györffy 1994
3356:
3344:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3308:
3301:Györffy 1994
3256:Kontler 1999
3251:
3239:. Retrieved
3232:
3210:
3206:
3174:Györffy 1994
3143:Szent IstvĂĄn
3142:
3114:Veled, Uram!
3113:
3107:
3095:
3087:
3080:Ferenc Erkel
3076:Ode 'To Joy'
3075:
3062:
3058:
3048:
3041:18th century
3038:
3022:
2996:
2988:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2956:
2945:
2908:
2902:
2894:putrefaction
2886:
2874:
2871:Bihar County
2860:
2807:Montecassino
2792:
2781:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2748:
2739:confided to
2725:
2704:
2696:
2551:
2541:
2529:
2492:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2278:
2170:
2164:Otto Orseolo
2153:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1762:Welf dynasty
1747:
1740:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1672:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1643:
1618:
1595:
1573:
1567:
1544:
1532:
1506:
1504:
1476:
1468:
1462:
1447:
1406:Saint George
1399:
1319:
1289:Otto Orseolo
1273:
1252:
1246:
1215:
1203:papal legate
1192:
1182:
1180:
1164:
1146:
1140:
1129:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1086:
1075:
1061:
1058:
1011:
998:Hungarie rex
997:
993:
989:
979:
954:
951:
946:
938:
916:
909:
856:
836:
826:
820:
804:
798:
788:
780:
772:
758:
751:
738:Lake Balaton
734:Transdanubia
724:, which was
707:
659:
643:
630:
616:
607:
599:
593:
583:
576:
555:
536:Gyula KristĂł
524:Transylvania
509:
498:
484:
477:
425:
394:
359:
340:
328:
279:
275:
274:
207:Saint Emeric
44:
8018:1038 deaths
8013:970s births
7961:Catholicism
7912:(1916â1918)
7906:(1848â1916)
7900:(1835â1848)
7898:Ferdinand V
7894:(1792â1835)
7888:(1790â1792)
7882:(1780â1790)
7863:(1740â1780)
7857:(1711â1740)
7855:Charles III
7851:(1705â1711)
7845:(1657â1705)
7836:(1647â1654)
7823:(1619â1637)
7817:(1608â1619)
7815:Matthias II
7811:(1576â1608)
7805:(1564â1576)
7799:(1526â1564)
7797:Ferdinand I
7780:(1540â1570)
7774:(1526â1540)
7755:(1516â1526)
7749:(1490â1516)
7730:(1458â1490)
7711:(1440â1444)
7692:(1440â1457)
7690:Ladislaus V
7686:(1437â1439)
7667:(1387â1437)
7648:(1385â1386)
7636:(1342â1382)
7630:(1308â1342)
7611:(1305â1307)
7592:(1301â1305)
7560:(1290â1301)
7554:(1272â1290)
7548:(1270â1272)
7542:(1235â1270)
7536:(1205â1235)
7530:(1204â1205)
7524:(1196â1204)
7518:(1172â1196)
7509:(1163â1165)
7501:(1162â1163)
7492:Stephen III
7488:(1141â1162)
7482:(1131â1141)
7476:(1116â1131)
7470:(1095â1116)
7464:(1077â1095)
7462:Ladislaus I
7458:(1074â1077)
7452:(1063â1074)
7446:(1060â1063)
7440:(1046â1060)
7434:(1041â1044)
7422:(1000â1038)
7298:Family tree
7227:Became king
7094:Ius Romanum
6149:17 February
6126:13 February
6096:13 February
5937:Csorba 2004
5881:Guiley 2001
5795:Berend 2001
5701:KristĂł 2001
5604:Magyar 1996
5556:Lenkey 2003
5417:MolnĂĄr 2001
5405:MolnĂĄr 2001
5381:Guiley 2001
5301:KristĂł 2001
5219:KristĂł 2003
5192:KristĂł 2003
5150:Lenkey 2003
5018:KristĂł 2001
4868:KristĂł 2003
4790:Lenkey 2003
4778:KristĂł 2003
4605:Lenkey 2003
4564:Lenkey 2003
4528:Lenkey 2003
4386:KristĂł 2001
4177:KristĂł 2001
4082:KristĂł 2001
4008:KristĂł 2001
3949:KristĂł 2001
3937:KristĂł 2001
3724:KristĂł 2001
3686:KristĂł 2001
3582:KristĂł 2001
3553:MolnĂĄr 2001
3534:KristĂł 2001
3495:KristĂł 2001
3435:KristĂł 2001
3229:"Stephen I"
3199:KristĂł 2001
3102:composed a
3100:JĂĄnos BrĂłdy
3086:from 1885,
2997:Admonitions
2978:Admonitions
2963:Admonitions
2953:Admonitions
2946:Admonitions
2931:Buda Castle
2876:furta sacra
2845:Holy Dexter
2524:Silver coin
1802:Admonitions
1483:Benedictine
1044:of 1007 of
943:Virgin Mary
931:Saint Peter
450:and Bishop
436:Holy Virgin
430:, built in
256:Catholicism
121:Predecessor
65:) from 1031
8007:Categories
7910:Charles IV
7886:Leopold II
7803:Maximilian
7728:Matthias I
7646:Charles II
7590:Wenceslaus
7558:Andrew III
7507:Stephen IV
7474:Stephen II
7405:(997â1000)
7399:. 972â997)
7244:1000â1038
6573:Engel, PĂĄl
6259:Chronicon
5761:Engel 2001
5684:Engel 2001
5429:Engel 2001
5393:Engel 2001
5096:Curta 2001
5069:Curta 2001
4909:Engel 2001
4727:Engel 2001
4698:Engel 2001
4683:Engel 2001
4656:Engel 2001
4629:Engel 2001
4441:Chronicon
4427:Curta 2001
4415:Curta 2001
4111:7 November
3968:Engel 2001
3911:Chronicon
3787:Engel 2001
3674:Engel 2001
3380:Engel 2001
3337:Engel 2001
3286:Bakay 1999
3155:References
3104:rock opera
2995:Stephen's
2867:Szent Jobb
2857:, Budapest
2839:translated
2735:which the
2700:Stephen II
2667:Attributes
2178:Samuel Aba
1800:Stephen's
1721:See also:
1453:Jerusalem.
1418:pilgrimage
1346:barbarians
1270:1009â1018)
1230:Samuel Aba
1070:confession
1066:feast days
971:hoop crown
889:See also:
702:See also:
617:Stephen's
560:and later
347:his family
87:Coronation
7949:Biography
7880:Joseph II
7843:Leopold I
7665:Sigismund
7628:Charles I
7546:Stephen V
7534:Andrew II
7420:Stephen I
7234:New title
7220:997â1000
7106:2367-7007
6922:cite book
6403:12153527M
6387:248424393
6379:495379882
5999:19 August
5963:Hartvic,
5917:19 August
5907:1418-1657
5772:Hartvic,
5645:18 August
4805:Makk 1993
4158:Makk 2001
4058:Makk 2001
3647:17 August
2911:Dubrovnik
2901:Hartvic,
2863:Hungarian
2823:feast day
2756:Hartvic,
2687:Patronage
2655:16 August
2645:, Hungary
2614:Canonized
2571:Sainthood
2560:liberties
2484:Bulgarian
2279:Stephen I
1739:from the
1711:Ladislaus
1547:Conrad II
1500:Bakonybél
1492:PĂ©csvĂĄrad
1434:Jerusalem
1422:Holy Land
1348:" in the
1278:, became
1141:Chronicon
1046:Frankfurt
975:gemstones
736:south of
718:seniority
491:Esztergom
456:feast day
440:canonized
417:Holy Land
325:Esztergom
284:Hungarian
276:Stephen I
262:Signature
162:Esztergom
146:Esztergom
96:Successor
50:Stephen I
7849:Joseph I
7753:Louis II
7516:BĂ©la III
7438:Andrew I
7100:: 1â12.
7071:(1911).
6746:(2003).
6640:(1994).
6616:(1983).
6575:(2001).
6508:(2011).
6395:89-10492
5899:Ăj Ember
4039:, p. 48.
3120:See also
3018:Belgrade
2993:â
2935:Salzburg
2899:â
2754:â
2715:VisegrĂĄd
2643:Budapest
2171:daughter
2154:daughter
1798:â
1787:chastity
1612:â
1456:â
1310:Pecheneg
1301:Basil II
1276:Henry II
1249:counties
1238:Anonymus
1234:Aba clan
1188:Bulgaria
1134:â
1084:â
1068:and the
1054:prelates
963:anointed
935:Holy See
919:Otto III
905:Budapest
839:Veszprém
825:and the
785:Pecheneg
686:Scheyern
474:975â997)
409:pilgrims
401:counties
245:Religion
194:(m. 996)
63:chasuble
7997:Royalty
7973:Hungary
7935:Portals
7923:italics
7892:Francis
7809:Rudolph
7634:Louis I
7540:BĂ©la IV
7486:GĂ©za II
7480:BĂ©la II
7468:Coloman
7450:Solomon
7403:Stephen
7379:Taksony
7081:(ed.).
6201:Sources
3241:29 July
3005:In arts
2827:Joachim
2803:Cologne
2795:Bamberg
2774:Coloman
2728:Vespers
2711:Solomon
2676:Sceptre
2515:(1998â)
1850:Taksony
1683:Levente
1648:, 1358)
1634:Prince
1496:ZalavĂĄr
1438:Ravenna
1340:1050 â
1079:fasting
1050:Bamberg
1022:Domokos
852:Romania
831:Swabian
813:Vecelin
781:BesenyĆ
765:retinue
748:KoppĂĄny
726:KoppĂĄny
682:Bavaria
623:Hartvic
366:Vecelin
362:KoppĂĄny
214:Dynasty
7985:Saints
7684:Albert
7522:Emeric
7456:GĂ©za I
7444:BĂ©la I
7432:Samuel
7389:. 972)
7385:. 955â
7375:. 955)
7371:. 947â
7361:. 947)
7357:. 907â
7350:ZoltĂĄn
7345:. 907)
7341:. 895â
7331:. 895)
7327:. 850â
7224:Vacant
7191:
7104:
7048:
7029:
7008:
6989:
6970:
6943:
6910:
6891:
6868:
6847:
6828:
6807:
6780:
6756:
6732:
6710:
6686:
6667:
6648:
6626:
6602:
6583:
6561:
6538:
6516:
6494:
6475:
6471:â368.
6448:
6426:
6401:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6369:
6354:
6340:
6326:
6311:
6296:
6282:
6267:
6249:
6234:
6220:
6172:
5905:
2983:ispĂĄns
2919:Bosnia
2889:sinews
2881:SĂąniob
2799:Aachen
2733:Gospel
2633:shrine
2631:Major
2498:Legacy
2461:Emeric
1990:Sarolt
1783:Legend
1779:Emeric
1766:Passau
1750:Gisela
1717:Family
1687:Andrew
1662:vigils
1654:Emeric
1636:Emeric
1590:Fischa
1582:Vienna
1525:county
1521:CsanĂĄd
1513:Ajtony
1479:Gerard
1472:Sweden
1402:relics
1378:Emeric
1226:Khazar
1222:Kabars
1157:Morava
1153:Danube
1038:Astrik
859:tithes
773:Oszlar
730:Somogy
662:Gisela
608:Legend
590:Turkic
562:Polish
512:Sarolt
448:Emeric
415:, the
342:gyulas
337:Sarolt
305:Slovak
239:Sarolt
235:Mother
225:Father
188:Spouse
176:Burial
7640:Maria
7426:Peter
7413:Kings
7365:Fajsz
7335:ĂrpĂĄd
7321:Ălmos
7250:Peter
7193:Died:
7183:Born:
7077:. In
6966:â29.
6803:â37.
6553:[
4105:(PDF)
4098:(PDF)
3084:opera
3068:; ...
3029:hymns
2811:Namur
2680:globe
2672:Crown
2651:Feast
2554:. In
2537:Avars
2427:Vazul
2162:Doge
1737:Ăbuda
1669:Vazul
1640:Vazul
1603:Henry
1586:Lajta
1551:Henry
1517:Maros
1354:Ohrid
1285:Bruno
1254:ispĂĄn
1199:Tisza
1161:Poles
1042:synod
1034:Radla
1008:1009)
965:with
655:Nitra
635:Italy
592:word
540:Gylas
532:Maros
528:Tisza
516:Gyula
297:Latin
249:(pre-
219:ĂrpĂĄd
200:Issue
113:Reign
100:Peter
78:Reign
7772:John
7609:Otto
7393:GĂ©za
7209:GĂ©za
7102:ISSN
7046:ISBN
7027:ISBN
7006:ISBN
6987:ISBN
6968:ISBN
6941:ISBN
6928:link
6908:ISBN
6889:ISBN
6866:ISBN
6845:ISBN
6826:ISBN
6805:ISBN
6778:ISBN
6754:ISBN
6730:ISBN
6708:ISBN
6684:ISBN
6665:ISBN
6646:ISBN
6624:ISBN
6600:ISBN
6581:ISBN
6559:ISBN
6536:ISBN
6514:ISBN
6492:ISBN
6473:ISBN
6446:ISBN
6424:ISBN
6391:LCCN
6383:OCLC
6375:OCLC
6367:ISBN
6352:ISBN
6338:ISBN
6324:ISBN
6309:ISBN
6294:ISBN
6280:ISBN
6265:ISBN
6247:ISBN
6232:ISBN
6218:ISBN
6170:ISBN
6151:2015
6128:2015
6098:2015
6001:2013
5919:2013
5903:ISSN
5647:2013
4113:2015
3649:2013
3243:2008
3141:SMS
3055:Pest
2976:The
2815:Buda
2809:and
2741:John
2533:Huns
2453:Otto
2000:GĂ©za
1691:BĂ©la
1689:and
1615:Wipo
1588:and
1570:RĂĄba
1505:The
1498:and
1481:, a
1442:Rome
1440:and
1408:and
1336:(r.
1330:Kyiv
1242:CsĂĄk
1216:The
1207:GyĆr
1181:The
1036:and
893:and
875:GyĆr
873:and
844:GyĆr
787:"),
779:"),
777:Alan
639:Tata
586:Vajk
530:and
518:, a
419:and
333:GĂ©za
329:Vajk
204:Otto
156:Died
138:Vajk
135:Born
125:GĂ©za
7188:975
6469:319
4439:The
3909:The
2965:or
2622:by
2564:TĂĄp
2180:***
1328:to
819:'s
789:KĂ©r
680:in
672:of
595:baj
442:by
164:or
143:975
8009::
7186:c.
7148:.
7098:II
6964:15
6924:}}
6920:{{
6801:30
6399:OL
6397:.
6389:.
6381:.
6373:.
6106:^
6084:.
6080:.
6062:^
6033:^
5987:.
5972:^
5944:^
5927:^
5897:.
5873:^
5802:^
5781:^
5751:^
5732:^
5691:^
5633:.
5611:^
5548:^
5521:^
5494:^
5477:^
5436:^
5361:^
5332:^
5289:^
5262:^
5199:^
5172:^
5157:^
5142:^
5127:^
5088:^
5025:^
5008:^
4968:^
4951:^
4916:^
4875:^
4860:^
4841:^
4812:^
4797:^
4770:^
4705:^
4690:^
4675:^
4636:^
4583:^
4520:^
4481:^
4462:^
4405:^
4372:^
4317:^
4226:^
4211:^
4184:^
4165:^
4136:^
4121:^
4044:^
4015:^
4000:^
3975:^
3956:^
3899:^
3884:^
3869:^
3830:^
3743:^
3710:^
3693:^
3639:.
3625:^
3606:^
3589:^
3572:^
3541:^
3502:^
3481:^
3442:^
3423:^
3408:^
3387:^
3368:^
3293:^
3278:^
3263:^
3231:.
3218:^
3181:^
3162:^
3016:,
2865::
2805:,
2801:,
2747::
2678:;
2674:;
2535:,
1697:.
1685:,
1617:,
1494:,
1474:.
1461:,
1444:.
1436:,
1342:c.
1338:c.
1299:,
1291:,
1268:c.
1139:,
1122:,
1006:c.
977:.
881:.
846:,
783:("
775:("
740:.
641:.
472:c.
466:.
423:.
368:,
357:.
313:c.
311:;
307::
303:;
299::
295:;
286::
168:,
148:,
141:c.
7937::
7925:.
7397:c
7395:(
7387:c
7383:c
7381:(
7373:c
7369:c
7367:(
7359:c
7355:c
7353:(
7343:c
7339:c
7337:(
7329:c
7325:c
7323:(
7281:e
7274:t
7267:v
7108:.
7054:.
7035:.
7014:.
6995:.
6976:.
6949:.
6930:)
6916:.
6897:.
6874:.
6853:.
6834:.
6813:.
6786:.
6762:.
6738:.
6716:.
6692:.
6673:.
6654:.
6632:.
6608:.
6589:.
6567:.
6544:.
6522:.
6500:.
6481:.
6454:.
6432:.
6358:.
6344:.
6330:.
6315:.
6300:.
6286:.
6271:.
6253:.
6238:.
6224:.
6178:.
6153:.
6130:.
6100:.
6086:9
6003:.
5921:.
5649:.
4115:.
3651:.
3245:.
3106:â
2489:.
1861:*
1642:(
282:(
253:)
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
