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the most northerly exposure of the Nelson
Regional Syncline, displaying an overturned orientation on the syncline's eastern limb. Indurated with widespread metamorphic prehnite, pumpellyite, and lawsonite, the formation is subdivided into Queens Beach, Incline, Takapourewa, and Titapua Members, with no discernible top or bottom boundaries. Notably, the oldest rocks, found in the Queens Beach Member, consist of a 150-meter layer of rounded cobble conglomerate enclosing angular blocks of coarse volcanogenic sandstone. Within one such block, measuring 4 meters in length and up to 1.5 meters in thickness, a diverse but moderately preserved marine fossil assemblage dominated by brachiopods and pectinid bivalves of Late Permian age is identified. The contemporaneous formation of the fossiliferous sandstone and conglomerate suggests a Late Permian age, although the potential for a younger (Triassic) age cannot be ruled out. Additionally, Late Quaternary deposits, including loess and windblown sand, are present in localized areas.
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Stephens Island is characterised by the
Stephens Formation, a geological unit comprising 1100 meters of southeast-dipping sedimentary rocks ranging from mudstone with limestone lenses to volcanogenic sandstone and conglomerate. As the youngest formation within the Maitai Group, these rocks constitute
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This is an area of strong winds (mean annual wind speed 14 knots or 26 kilometres per hour or 16 miles per hour), strong currents and broken restless seas. The island also harbours strong gradations of weather between the often cloud-covered summit and the wave-lashed shores. There are also distinct
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in 1894. However, this belief was erroneous, an urban legend. While this cat did kill one of the last birds seen, a few more specimens were obtained in the following years, by which time the island also hosted numerous feral cats, and the island was only the last refuge of the bird, which had become
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The surrounding sea is rich with marine life, albeit strongly modified and depleted by fishing, and historically by hunting of whales and seals. The island overlooks one of the great whale migration routes, most notably for
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Farming and grazing reduced the island's original vegetation cover by around 90%, before being made a wildlife sanctuary in 1966 and a nature reserve in 1997. In 2012 the Treaty of
Waitangi settlement between
1009:
H. J. Campbell , A. C. Coleman , M. R. Johnston & C. A. Landis (1984) Geology of
Stephens Island and the age of Stephens formation, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 27:3, 277–289, DOI:
376:. Although uninhabited, the island has been extensively modified by land clearance and farming, but retains much of its wild natural character. From sea level the
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Stephens Island is internationally important for nature conservation. While most attention has focused on the tuatara, the significant and unique factors include:
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359:. The sea provides nutrients, the seabirds carry these to the island and Takapourewa provides a sanctuary for nesting birds, free of mammalian land predators.
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326:), which is the sole survivor of a group of reptiles that otherwise appears to have been extinct elsewhere in the world for more than 60 million years
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In natural character, Stephens Island is a rugged landmass dominated by maritime influences. Visually the island is connected to the adjacent larger
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differences between the relatively more exposed western and the less exposed eastern shores. Rainfall averages a modest 800 mm (31.5 in).
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Endemic species – those found nowhere else, either because they evolved here or because they have become extinct everywhere else – such as
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989:"First records of the exotic garlic snail Oxychilus alliarius on Takapourewa and a reassessment of its distribution in New Zealand"
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Medway, D.G. (2004) The land bird fauna of
Stephens Island, New Zealand in the early 1890s, and the cause of its demise.
216:. The island is 1.5 square kilometres (0.58 square miles) in size, and rises 283 metres (928 ft) high from the sea.
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963:"The tale of the lighthouse-keeper's cat: discovery and extinction of the Stephens Island wren (Traversia lyalli)"
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is a prominent visual feature, while from the air the cluster of buildings and farmed landscape are obvious.
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and the New
Zealand Government required joint management by Ngāti Koata and the Department of Conservation.
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Stephens Island is a part of a complex ecosystem that includes a vast area of ocean. An enormous number of
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Salvador, Rodrigo B.; Birmingham, Chris; Kilduff, Linda; Bliss, Tansy; Green, Chris J. (1 January 2020).
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Common species in unusual abundance – such as the more than one million seabirds, vast numbers of
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of reptile which is now extinct on the mainland, except in tightly controlled reserves including
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that are only found in a handful of other places, and for which
Stephens Island is a stronghold
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826:"Ecological restoration and habitat relationships of reptiles on Stephens Island, New Zealand"
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Plant succession, ecological restoration and the skinks of
Stephens Island/Takapourewa
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263:'s cat, named Tibbles, was claimed to have caused the extinction of
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K. Thalia East, Michael R. East and
Charles H. Daugherty (1995),
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Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New
Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
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The island featured in local mythos as the place where a local
1021:"CliFlo – National Climate Database : Stephens Island"
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Today, the best known resident of Stephens Island is the
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and various dolphin species are seen around the island.
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extinct on the mainland many centuries earlier due to
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355:link this small (154 ha) island to a vast marine
315:, perhaps the rarest frog in the world and the
236:iwi but was taken by the government to build a
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417:Climate data for Stephens Island (1981–2010)
62:Stephens Island as seen from D'Urville Island
27:Island of the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand
8:
863:. Penguin Random House New Zealand Limited.
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860:The Raupo Pocket Dictionary of Modern Maori
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906:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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1074:(MSc). Victoria University of Wellington.
252:renamed it Stephens Island in 1770 after
1417:Rangitoto ki te Tonga / D'Urville Island
1050:(Paperback). Havelock: Self-published.
816:
80:
322:Unusual species such as the tuatara (
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1634:Long Island-Kokomohua Marine Reserve
1779:Uninhabited islands of New Zealand
248:("around the tower") but explorer
223:Topographic map of Stephens Island
200:is at the northernmost tip of the
154:1.5 km (0.58 sq mi)
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1784:Islands of the Marlborough Sounds
1543:Queen Charlotte Sound / Tōtaranui
1048:Stephens Island: Ark of the Light
961:Galbreath, R.; D. Brown (2004).
774:
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1513:Lake Grassmere / Kapara Te Hau
1010:10.1080/00288306.1984.10422297
833:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
795:List of islands of New Zealand
746:Source: NIWA (rain 1961–1990)
256:, Secretary of the Admiralty.
1:
1432:Matapara / Pickersgill Island
845:10.1080/03014223.1995.9518040
676:Average rainfall mm (inches)
925:Ure, Graham (October 1996).
857:Ryan, P. M. (29 June 2009).
232:The island was owned by the
18:Stephens Island, New Zealand
1488:Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay
1407:Blumine Island / Ōruawairua
606:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
466:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
329:Rare species – such as the
319:, a large flightless Weevil
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1691:Te Atiawa o Te Waka-a-Māui
1644:Mount Richmond Forest Park
1627:Facilities and attractions
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388:. Marine mammals such as
1558:Tory Channel / Kura Te Au
1538:Te Anamāhanga / Port Gore
1528:Pelorus Sound / Te Hoiere
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1065:Stephens, Cielle (2004).
885:"taka - Māori Dictionary"
873:– via Google Books.
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1716:Ngāti Tama ki Te Tau Ihu
929:. New Zealand Geographic
902:Patete, Anthony (1996).
335:Cook Strait click beetle
162:283 m (928 ft)
331:Stephen's Island gecko
224:
159:Highest elevation
1686:Ngāti Apa ki te Rā Tō
1046:Brown, Derek (1997).
889:maoridictionary.co.nz
390:New Zealand Fur Seals
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1523:Meretoto / Ship Cove
1110:Marlborough District
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1726:Ngāti Toa Rangatira
1392:Amerikiwhati Island
1373:Geographic features
790:Cats in New Zealand
536:Daily mean °C (°F)
324:Sphenodon punctatus
254:Sir Philip Stephens
131: /
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1755:40.667°S 174.000°E
1706:Rangitāne o Wairau
1639:Molesworth Station
1493:Croisilles Harbour
1142:Marlborough Sounds
768:New Zealand portal
302:ecological islands
292:. The island is a
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202:Marlborough Sounds
135:40.667°S 174.000°E
108:Marlborough Sounds
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16:(Redirected from
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1387:Allports Island
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1340:Waihopai Valley
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805:Desert island
803:
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350:
348:and many more
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240:in 1891. The
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97:
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43:
38:
32:
30:
19:
1736:
1584:Cape Jackson
1548:Tawero Point
1533:Penzance Bay
1483:Clifford Bay
1478:Bryant Range
1473:The Brothers
1446:
1330:Spring Creek
1220:Waitaria Bay
1067:
1047:
1025:. Retrieved
1015:
1005:
996:
992:
982:
973:
969:
956:
948:
943:
931:. Retrieved
920:
908:. Retrieved
897:
888:
879:
859:
852:
836:
832:
819:
403:
394:
382:
367:
323:
317:Ngaio Weevil
306:
287:
284:Conservation
274:
265:Lyall's wren
258:
250:Captain Cook
245:
231:
206:South Island
197:
196:
183:Demographics
173:
45:
41:
31:
29:
1758: /
1711:Ngāti Rārua
1696:Ngāti Kōata
1589:Dillon Cone
1437:Maud Island
1427:Long Island
1263:Springlands
1253:Redwoodtown
1185:Ngākuta Bay
1114:New Zealand
374:Cook Strait
278:Ngāti Koata
272:predation.
246:Takapourewa
234:Ngāti Koata
210:New Zealand
175:New Zealand
138: /
114:Coordinates
42:Takapourewa
1773:Categories
1701:Ngāti Kuia
1658:Government
1614:Wards Pass
1609:Ward Beach
1563:Wairau Bar
1518:Maungatapu
1498:Elaine Bay
1468:Big Lagoon
1360:Woodbourne
1320:Riverlands
1258:Riversdale
1210:Rai Valley
1160:Canvastown
999:: 120–128.
839:(3): 250,
811:References
378:lighthouse
244:called it
238:lighthouse
188:Population
1721:Ngāi Tahu
1572:Landforms
1503:Fairy Bay
1335:Tuamarina
1295:Grovetown
1268:Witherlea
1190:Ōkiwi Bay
1170:Linkwater
364:Geography
357:ecosystem
294:sanctuary
99:Geography
1746:174°00′E
1355:Wharanui
1290:Fairhall
1248:Mayfield
1243:Burleigh
1230:Blenheim
1175:Koromiko
1165:Havelock
1127:Blenheim
970:Notornis
949:Notornis
933:15 March
910:15 March
754:See also
353:seabirds
126:174°00′E
104:Location
1743:40°40′S
1665:Council
1380:Islands
1315:Renwick
1310:Rārangi
1305:Rapaura
1282:Awatere
1215:Waikawa
1150:Anakiwa
741:(31.8)
671:(50.4)
666:(53.2)
661:(50.0)
656:(48.2)
651:(46.6)
646:(45.1)
641:(44.8)
636:(46.6)
631:(49.6)
626:(52.5)
621:(55.2)
616:(56.8)
611:(55.9)
601:(54.7)
596:(58.1)
591:(54.7)
586:(52.5)
581:(50.9)
576:(49.1)
571:(48.6)
566:(50.2)
561:(53.4)
556:(56.7)
551:(59.9)
546:(61.7)
541:(60.8)
531:(59.0)
526:(63.0)
521:(59.5)
516:(57.0)
511:(55.0)
506:(53.1)
501:(52.2)
496:(53.8)
491:(57.4)
486:(60.8)
481:(64.6)
476:(66.4)
471:(65.8)
409:Climate
400:Geology
290:tuatara
228:History
204:in the
123:40°40′S
1325:Seddon
1278:Wairau
1200:Picton
1180:Moenui
1155:Bulwer
1054:
1027:20 May
1023:. NIWA
867:
736:(2.4)
731:(2.4)
726:(2.8)
721:(2.6)
716:(3.1)
711:(3.4)
706:(2.9)
701:(3.2)
696:(2.6)
691:(2.5)
686:(1.5)
681:(2.4)
422:Month
1670:Mayor
1072:(PDF)
966:(PDF)
829:(PDF)
461:Year
298:order
242:Māori
47:Māori
1350:Ward
1123:Seat
1052:ISBN
1029:2024
935:2018
912:2018
865:ISBN
669:10.2
664:11.8
659:10.0
624:11.4
619:12.9
614:13.8
609:13.3
599:12.6
594:14.5
589:12.6
584:11.4
579:10.5
564:10.1
559:11.9
554:13.7
549:15.5
544:16.5
539:16.0
529:15.0
524:17.2
519:15.3
514:13.9
509:12.8
504:11.7
499:11.2
494:12.1
489:14.1
484:16.0
479:18.1
474:19.1
469:18.8
458:Dec
455:Nov
452:Oct
449:Sep
446:Aug
443:Jul
440:Jun
437:May
434:Apr
431:Mar
428:Feb
425:Jan
344:and
342:wētā
333:and
151:Area
1679:Iwi
841:doi
739:809
654:9.0
649:8.1
644:7.3
639:7.1
634:8.1
629:9.8
574:9.5
569:9.2
208:of
1775::
1125::
1112:,
997:31
995:.
991:.
974:51
972:.
968:.
887:.
837:22
835:,
831:,
734:61
729:62
724:71
719:65
714:79
709:86
704:74
699:81
694:67
689:63
684:39
679:61
304:.
1280:-
1102:e
1095:t
1088:v
1060:.
1031:.
937:.
914:.
891:.
843::
191:0
50:)
44:(
20:)
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