331:
176:. He began his architectural career as a student with Ross & Rowe in 1912. In 1915 he enlisted in the First All and served as captain until 1919 with the Field Artillery in Egypt and France. After World War I he also studied at the AA in London where he met Arthur Stephenson and Percy Meldrum. Turner joined the RIBA in 1921 and was appointed assistant architect for the Imperial War Graves Commission. Returning to Melbourne in 1924, he joined Stephenson and Meldrum and was promoted to director in 1936. With Meldrum's departure in 1937 the firm's name changed to become Stephenson and Turner in 1938.
269:
221:, where Stephenson provided efficient planning and accommodation of modern medical technology. All these hospitals were designed in eclectic styles typical of American hospitals, St Vincent's being the most adventurous – the design of 1928 was a massive block with arched windows at each end and columns flanking the entrance, a design which evolved when it was finally built in 1931–34 taking on some more Art Deco characteristics of a stepped skyscraper profile and patterned brickwork that varied from dark at the base to light on the top storeys.
261:
387:, Iraq, Stephenson and Turner grew to become the largest Australian architecture firm at its time with 300–400 staff at its peak. They opened offices internationally in Singapore (1949), New Zealand (1956) and Hong Kong. Stephenson and Turner were one of the many architectural firms that were hit hard by the global economic downturn during the mid-1980s and merged with John Castles to become Castles, Stephenson and Turner in 1995. Since 2000, all Australian operations have closed down, with offices operating in New Zealand since 1956.
190:
205:(1947), "hospitals gave modern architecture in Australia its first big break". The early 20th century saw advancements in medical technology and treatments, which transformed hospitals into a symbol of modern and healthy society. Stephenson took full advantage of this and traveled to America in 1926–7 to research the most modern developments in hospital design and equipment. They immediately embarked on a number of hospital commissions, such as the Wangaratta Base Hospital, the
225:
257:(1934-5), introduced a completely new aesthetic : a six-level reinforced-concrete building with stark white sweeping cantilevered balconies that allowed for sun control and outdoor space for patients. The efficiency of the design was described by Professor John Freeland as "clean-cut with the precision of a machine".
338:
Stephenson and Turner designed the
Australian pavilions at three international exhibitions, which demonstrated both his commitment to Modernism and the firms status. The Australian pavilion at the International Exposition of Arts & Technology in Modern Life in Paris (1937), was a stark cylinder,
347:
work was an interior design only, as it was an attached wing of the
British Pavilion (Stanley Hall & Easton and Robertson) and was noted for collaborations with artists and photographers to create a dynamic modern experience; the United States honoured Stephenson with citizenship for his work.
282:
The success of the Mercy was followed by a succession of hospital commissions in
Australia for Stephenson and Meldrum (replaced by Turner in 1937), most featuring long sweeping horizontal balconies with curved corners on a body of cream brick, a streamlined ‘functionalist’ idiom. The
74:, whose mosaic featured on the façade of the Newspaper House in Melbourne (1933). Stephenson and Meldrum's partnership ended in 1937, with Meldrum moving on to practice with Arthur Noad, to form Meldrum and Noad. That year he became a foundation member of, and exhibited with,
380:. They applied the same rigorous approach to researching and engaging with state of the art technologies and methods of manufacturing. Their design for the General Motors Holden Factory complex (1954–56) in Dandenong featured a curtain wall to the administration building.
1067:
236:
It wasn't until after
Stephenson's second research trip in 1932–33 to continental Europe that hospital design in Australia drastically changed. Stephenson was inspired by European Modernism, particularly Bijvoet and
526:
322:, completed in 1942, which repeated the design of the Royal Melbourne, with a plain front dominated by a tower elements, and the sweeping balconies on the rear, but more visible than on the tight Melbourne site.
50:
and educated at
Ballarat College. In 1907 he studied architecture and articled to Melbourne Architect A. A. Fritsch from 1907 until 1913, where he won the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects Bronze Medal.
307:(returned to civilian use in 1944). The front façade design departed from the sweeping horizontality that Stephenson's hospitals were known for; instead they opted for a simple and pared back
213:
then located in
William Street, and a large campus for 'crippled children' for the children's hospital at Somers. The firm's first major city hospital commission was the Healy Wing at
148:
Stephenson was largely responsible for the firm's direction to specialize in hospital design. He also lectured, wrote widely and was a member of numerous committees, including the
390:
Today
Stephenson & Turner operates out of five bases in New Zealand, specialising in social infrastructure buildings and carrying on its heritage in healthcare architecture.
70:
building in an Art Deco style. A fine draftsman and watercolorist, Meldrum was the artistic director and collaborated with some of
Melbourne's prominent artists, including
134:
776:
334:
H. Chipault, Pavillon de l'Australie, Exposition
Internationale, Paris, 1937, postcard. Jim Davidson Australian postcard collection, National Library of Australia
291:, defined by its horizontal balconies, was followed by the tall wedge-shaped United Dental Hospital (1940) in Sydney, and the rectilinear Pathology Block at the
253:, which Stephenson described as a way "to express in the simplest form the function of the building in the most appropriate materials". Their next project, the
38:(1938–1995) was a prominent Australian architectural firm, best known for the pioneering modernism of their numerous hospital designs of the 1930s and 1940s.
330:
1062:
549:
157:
732:
Philip Goad and others: Australian Modern: The
Architecture of Stephenson and Turner, The Miegunyah Press and the State Library of Victoria, 2004.
373:
66:
designing aircraft hangars. In 1919 Meldrum joined the AA, where he met and taught Arthur Stephenson and Donald Turner. In 1930 he designed the
981:
752:
575:
319:
272:
138:
625:
463:
377:
254:
214:
114:
1018:
268:
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210:
156:. In 1954 Stephenson was knighted for services to architecture and was the first Australian to receive a RIBA Gold Medal in 1964. The
436:
206:
149:
161:
118:
973:
629:
556:
344:
284:
697:
635:
603:
515:
356:
Stephenson and Turner were closely involved in the post-war manufacturing revolution in Australia, designing plants for
700:, King George V Jubilee Maternal and Infant Welfare Pathological Building, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
153:
923:
John Shaw, Sir Arthur Stephenson: Australian Architect, The Stephenson & Turner Sydney/Hong Kong Group, 1987, 86.
780:
655:
586:
474:
318:
for Mothers and Babies (1939–41), which features the sweeping horizontal balconies on the front facades, and the
292:
173:
79:
260:
901:
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343:, New Zealand in 1940, was an essay in intersecting volumes, with a bold stylised classical portico. The 1939
690:
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67:
619:
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242:
1019:
http://www.architecture.com.au/docs/default-source/vic-notable-buildings/mercy-hospital-(former).pdf
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642:
508:
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408:
308:
300:
47:
770:
541:
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106:
59:
383:
As well as major buildings in every capital city in Australia, in New Zealand and a hospital in
995:
987:
977:
837:
Fisher, J.D., Australian Dictionary of Biography: Stephenson, Sir Arthur George (1890–1967), .
758:
748:
467:
246:
218:
456:
450:
314:
While work on the Royal Melbourne Hospital was underway, they also designed for Sydney the
665:
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418:
311:, though the rear facade did include their signature sweeping white horizontal balconies.
91:
224:
197:
Stephenson's firm designed most of the major hospitals built in Australia in the 1930s.
818:
McIntyre, Arthur (1 September 1988). "Meldrum links old and new Antipodes surrealism".
592:
Torpedo Factory, Workshops and Administration Buildings, Neutral Bay, Sydney, 1942—1943
429:
365:
288:
229:
122:
75:
17:
1056:
566:
Victorian Government Tourist Bureau, Melbourne, Victoria, 1939 (interior, demolished)
560:
113:. In 1907 Stephenson worked for Swansson Brothers while studying construction at the
71:
933:
796:
Australian Academy of Art First Exhibition, April 8th-29th, Sydney : Catalogue
704:
686:
675:
United Christian Hospital Extension (Staff Quarter), N.K.I.L. 6014, Hong Kong, 1986
519:
304:
83:
145:
and formed a partnership with Meldrum in 1921, known as Stephenson & Meldrum.
858:
Julie Willis, Machines for healing, Architecture Australia, July/August 2002, 46.
744:
Castlemaine Art Gallery & Historical Museum : history & collections
491:
250:
126:
896:
868:
615:
340:
238:
87:
63:
991:
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404:
361:
142:
110:
372:, Fibremakers as well as Australia's first experimental nuclear reactor in
742:
661:
Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society Building, Melbourne, Victoria, 1963
339:
while the Australian Pavilion at the New Zealand Centennial Exhibition in
303:, completed in 1942, which served as an American military hospital during
1015:
Nationally significant 20th century architecture: Mercy Hospital (former)
611:
585:
King George V Jubilee Maternal and Infant Welfare Pathological Building,
794:
669:
55:
1068:
Recipients of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects’ Gold Medal
649:
595:
357:
276:
160:
awarded him a gold medal in 1963 and was made honorary fellow by the
130:
530:
384:
329:
934:"Commonwealth of Australia Pavilion at the Centennial Exhibition"
152:, the Hospital Advisory Council (Melbourne) and a trustee of the
1048:, The Stephenson & Turner Sydney/Hong Kong Group, 1987, 86.
552:), Royal Branch, Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 1938–1942
1041:, the Miegunyah Press and the State Library of Victoria, 2004.
369:
121:
in 1915 as a lieutenant, promoted to captain and awarded the
46:
Percy Hayman Meldrum (1887–1968), architect, born in 1887 at
1039:
Australian Modern: the architecture of Stephenson and Turner
295:
in Melbourne in 1941. In 1936 they began designing the new
572:
for Mothers and Babies, Sydney, New South Wales, 1939–1941
972:. Vol. 12. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
62:. Then travelled to England in 1914 and worked with the
799:(1st ed.). Sydney: Australian Academy of Art. 1938
846:
Shaw, Sir Arthur Stephenson: Australian Architect, 85.
691:
King George V Memorial Hospital for Mothers and Babies
707:, Yaralla Military Hospital, Concord, New South Wales
449:
Royal Children's Hospital Crippled Children's Home,
501:
Freemasons Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, 1936
172:Donald Turner (1895–1964), architect, was born in
137:(AA) under Percy Hayman Meldrum and joined the
27:Australia 20th century architectural partnership
747:. Geoff Hannon. Castlemaine, Australia. 2013.
638:, Parkville, Melbourne, 1958–1963 (demolished)
480:Mercy Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, 1934
8:
1046:Sir Arthur Stephenson: Australian Architect
1034:, Architecture Australia, July/August 2002.
964:"Stephenson, Sir Arthur George (1890–1967)"
775:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
548:English Scottish and Australian Bank (now
442:Castlemaine Art Museum, Lyttleton Street,
905:. Melbourne. 6 December 1934. p. 40
877:. Melbourne. 11 October 1928. p. 14
854:
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833:
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267:
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158:Royal Australian Institute of Architects
105:(1890–1967), architect, born in 1890 in
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563:, United States, 1939–1940 (demolished)
768:
728:
726:
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722:
720:
320:Concord Repatriation General Hospital
273:Concord Repatriation General Hospital
193:St Vincent's Hospital Healy Wing 1934
139:Royal Institute of British Architects
7:
1013:Australian Institute of Architects,
869:"New Wing of St. Vincent's Hospital"
658:, Sydney, New South Wales, 1961–1971
578:(a.k.a. Yaralla Military Hospital),
1023:East Melbourne Historical Society,
897:"Opening of St. Vincent's Hospital"
626:Australian Atomic Energy Commission
245:(1928) in the Netherlands, and the
78:' anti-modernist organisation, the
969:Australian Dictionary of Biography
150:International Hospitals Federation
25:
648:Southern Base Teaching Hospital,
439:, Kangaroo Ground, Victoria, 1927
437:Kangaroo Ground War Memorial Park
417:(renovations and new main hall),
1027:, emhs.org.au/catalogue/emvf0131
435:Shire of Eltham War Memorial at
421:, Melbourne, Victoria, 1925–1927
162:American Institute of Architects
135:Architectural Association School
58:and admired the architecture of
1063:Architecture firms of Australia
698:RVIA Street Architectural Medal
399:Collins Court Office Building,
141:(RIBA) in 1920. He returned to
90:painter and lecturer in art at
974:Australian National University
630:Lucas Heights, New South Wales
589:, Melbourne, 1941 (demolished)
1:
576:Concord Repatriation Hospital
432:, Victoria, 1927 (demolished)
54:In 1913 Meldrum travelled to
516:Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
533:, France, 1937 (demolished)
154:National Museum of Victoria
1084:
656:Royal North Shore Hospital
938:Wellington City Libraries
693:, Sydney, New South Wales
636:Royal Children's Hospital
622:) New Zealand, 1952–1964.
475:Collins Street, Melbourne
326:International expositions
174:Maitland, New South Wales
129:, Stephenson remained in
119:Australian Imperial Force
82:. His son James became a
80:Australian Academy of Art
1037:Philip Goad and others,
628:Research Establishment,
580:Concord, New South Wales
505:Royal Melbourne Hospital
490:United Dental Hospital,
459:, Somers, Victoria, 1931
426:Melbourne Cricket Ground
378:Atomic Energy Commission
297:Royal Melbourne Hospital
264:Royal Melbourne Hospital
249:(1929–33) in Finland by
103:Arthur George Stephenson
98:Arthur George Stephenson
522:, New South Wales, 1936
211:Queen Victoria Hospital
18:Stephenson & Turner
962:Fisher, J. D. (1990).
587:Royal Women's Hospital
570:King George V Hospital
335:
316:King George V Hospital
293:Royal Women's Hospital
279:
265:
243:Zonnestraal Sanatorium
233:
194:
68:Castlemaine Art Museum
32:Stephenson and Meldrum
779:) CS1 maint: others (
641:Fibremakers Factory,
557:New York World's Fair
555:Australian Pavilion,
525:Australian Pavilion,
511:, 1936–1942 (altered)
464:St Vincent's Hospital
444:Castlemaine, Victoria
401:Little Collins Street
345:New York World's Fair
333:
271:
263:
227:
215:St Vincent's Hospital
192:
115:Working Men's College
36:Stephenson and Turner
1032:Machines for healing
614:) New South Wales, (
285:Freemason's Hospital
30:Originally known as
1025:East Melbourne Walk
643:Bayswater, Victoria
618:) Queensland, and (
509:Parkville, Victoria
487:, 1936 (demolished)
483:Bethesda Hospital,
453:, 1931 (demolished)
415:Melbourne Town Hall
309:International Style
201:wrote in his book,
133:and studied at the
48:Casterton, Victoria
913:– via Trove.
885:– via Trove.
542:Spirit of Progress
537:Victorian Railways
514:Gloucester House,
485:Richmond, Victoria
424:Members Pavilion,
352:After World War II
336:
280:
266:
234:
195:
60:Frank Lloyd Wright
983:978-0-522-84459-7
754:978-0-9807831-9-3
672:, Victoria, 1960s
664:Main Ward Block,
652:, Iraq, 1958–1982
473:Newspaper House,
468:Fitzroy, Victoria
247:Paimio Sanatorium
16:(Redirected from
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451:Somers, Victoria
228:Mercy Hospital,
203:Victorian Modern
117:. He joined the
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230:East Melbourne
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72:Napier Waller
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42:Percy Meldrum
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39:
37:
34:(1921–1937),
33:
19:
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1038:
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1024:
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1005:11 September
1003:. Retrieved
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941:. Retrieved
937:
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907:. Retrieved
902:The Advocate
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891:
879:. Retrieved
874:The Advocate
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863:
842:
819:
813:
801:. Retrieved
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789:
743:
737:
705:Sulman Medal
687:Sulman Medal
540:
520:Darlinghurst
462:Healy Wing,
389:
382:
355:
337:
313:
305:World War II
281:
235:
209:wing of the
202:
196:
171:
147:
101:
53:
45:
35:
31:
29:
1044:John Shaw,
645:, 1958–1968
632:, 1954–1962
582:, 1940–1942
545:train, 1937
498:, 1936–1940
492:Surry Hills
470:, 1930–1934
411:, 1920–1922
251:Alvar Aalto
127:World War I
1057:Categories
909:24 January
881:26 January
803:2 November
712:References
616:Strathpine
598:Complex, (
341:Wellington
287:(1936) in
239:Jan Duiker
199:Robin Boyd
88:surrealist
64:War Office
992:1833-7538
771:cite book
763:869312119
608:Lang Lang
600:Dandenong
405:Melbourne
362:Dandenong
301:Parkville
185:Hospitals
164:in 1964.
143:Melbourne
111:Melbourne
1000:70677943
620:Trentham
612:Pagewood
561:New York
409:Victoria
376:for the
180:Projects
125:. After
107:Box Hill
955:Sources
943:1 March
820:The Age
670:Prahran
219:Fitzroy
56:Chicago
998:
990:
980:
761:
751:
680:Awards
650:Basrah
596:Holden
477:, 1932
446:, 1931
358:Holden
277:Sydney
131:London
703:1946
696:1941
685:1941
531:Paris
385:Basra
1007:2015
996:OCLC
988:ISSN
978:ISBN
945:2024
911:2020
883:2020
805:2022
781:link
777:link
759:OCLC
749:ISBN
606:and
366:Ford
232:1934
92:RMIT
550:ANZ
370:BHP
360:in
299:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
