66:
1350:, or billionaires" a reference to Arab men being portrayed as either terrorists or wealthy oilmen, and Arab women as sex objects. The report also says that cartoons have been insulting to Arab and Muslims, and people who live in the US are the most affected by these stereotypes, which don't only cause psychological harm but also help feed into dehumanization that can lead to physical attacks. According to Mazin B. Qumsiyeh:
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1555:, 71 percent of blacks and 57 percent of whites believed that "Arabs and Arab-Americans should undergo special, more intensive security checks before boarding airplanes." Some Muslims and Arabs complained of being held without explanation and subjected to hours of questioning and arrest without cause. Such cases have led to lawsuits by the
215:
1465:
Arab
Muslims are fanatics who believe in a different god, who don't value human life as much as we do, they are intent on destroying us (the west) with their oil or with their terrorism; the men seek to abduct and brutally seduce our women; they are without family and reside in a primitive place (the
1563:
suggested that airports have a "Muslims Only" line in the wake of the 9/11 attacks stating "It's time to have a
Muslims check-point line in America's airports and have Muslims be scrutinized. You better believe it, it's time." In Queens, New York, Muslims and Arabs complained that the NYPD unfairly
1647:
When impressionable children in the US who may not have much experience with
Muslims or Arabs see negative depictions of Arabs they come to believe that this is reality. Children who had had some exposure to Muslims or were familiar with Islam viewed Arab Muslims more positively than less
1639:
Stereotypes that the west has of the Middle East have made their way into the film industry, including that
Muslims are terrorists, that all Muslims and Arabs look alike, and that the women are oppressed and abused, are only housewives and don't work. The TV series
1461:), Shaheen writes that "television's image of the Arab is omnipresent is becoming a part of American folklore." He also writes that Arabs have "consistently appeared in American popular culture as billionaires, bombers, and belly dancers."
1550:
In the aftermath of the
September 11 attacks, in which 15 of the 19 hijackers were of Saudi Arabian origin and all were Muslim, Arabs and Muslims complained of increased scrutiny and racial profiling at airports. In a poll conducted by the
1369:. The trend shifted over the years and was dominated by the "billionaires" for a short while, especially during the oil crises of the seventies. However, in the last 30 years, the predominant stereotype by far has been "Arab bombers."
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1418:), which identifies more than 21 major movies released over ten years that show the U.S. military killing Arabs, with Arabs depicted as terrorists or enemies of the United States. These included:
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1536:. However, there has been no action or reaction from the American public and human rights or any religious group against this and other stereotypical characters in this show.
1314:, who has been described as "the first Egyptian and Arab to conquer Hollywood". Most representations, however, have been negative, having adverse repercussions for some
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1322:. In American textbooks, which theoretically should be less-creative expressions, similar negative and inaccurate stereotypes are also found for Arabs and Muslims.
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desert) and behave like primitive beings. The women are subservient — resembling black crows — or we see them portrayed as mute, somewhat exotic harem maidens.
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offers a 12-step guide to making a successful Arab-bashing movie, including such items as "the villains must all have beards", "they must all wear
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portrays a
Palestinian as a terrorist. In the show Arabs are shown as "backward, violent, and uncivilised".
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in which "Arab" women with enticing clothes dance to seduce a male audience. The short clip was called
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has presented a more positive and vibrant portrayal of an Arab character. Similarly, the film
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Douglass, Susan L.; Dunn, Ross E. (2003-07-01). "Interpreting Islam in
American Schools".
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videography of films on video and DVD in the UC Berkeley Media
Resources Center
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2335:"Excellence in Student Writing | Rhetorikos: Excellence in Student Composition"
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1481:(2000); "a film which "justifies" US Marines killing Arab women and children."
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2356:"U.S. Children's Stereotypes and Prejudicial Attitudes toward Arab Muslims"
2240:"The 13th Warrior: The Hollywood blockbuster that pioneered a Muslim hero"
2216:"The 13th Warrior: The Hollywood blockbuster that pioneered a Muslim hero"
1564:
targets Muslim communities in raids tied to the alleged Zazi terror plot.
2074:"How Jeff Dunham's offensive puppets became the voice of Trump's America"
1893:
1513:, where the actor/taxi driver Bashar Daas finds himself being invariably
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These stereotypes are the main focus of the semi-autobiographical film
1505:(1987); "Arab thugs... plan to ignite Los Angeles... killing millions."
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The movies
Shaheen identifies as the five worst in terms of negative
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1499:(1994); "Arnold S. INC." shoots dead Palestinians like clay pigeons"
1780:
American
Educational History Journal Volume 35, Number 1 And 2 2008
1813:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1533:
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1283:
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1636:, has been praised for its positive portrayal of Muslims.
2155:"Fox News Airs Suggestion for 'Muslim-Only' Airport Line"
1310:. Arab actors who have become stars in Hollywood include
2182:
Henrick Karoliszyn, Samuel Goldsmith (10 October 2009).
1999:"Patrick Harrington interviews, Jack Shaheen, author of
146:"Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the United States"
83:
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blockbusters. The film has since cultivated a devoted
1858:"100 Years of anti-Arab and anti-Muslim stereotyping"
1272:
Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the United States
2541:
2483:
1729:"Omar Sharif: The Egyptian who conquered Hollywood"
1332:
100 Years of Anti-Arab and Anti-Muslim stereotyping
137:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Generalized representations about Muslims in the US
2627:Ethnic and racial stereotypes in the United States
2184:"Muslim advocates charge NYPD is racial profiling"
2094:"Official: 15 of 19 Sept. 11 hijackers were Saudi"
1517:as an Arab Muslim extremist in US film auditions.
2056:War on terror drives Arab actor to "Zigzigland"
1992:
1990:
1402:, professor emeritus of Mass Communications at
228:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
1709:Stereotypes of groups within the United States
2461:
2264:"How Hollywood sees Arabs - Egyptian Gazette"
1546:Airport racial profiling in the United States
1528:which was named mockingly for the prophet of
1302:, some films been praised for their positive
1252:
8:
2434:Arabs in Film and Television: A Bibliography
2286:"Classic Film Review- The Wind and The Lion"
1274:have been presented in various forms by the
2421:Presumed Guilty: American Muslims and Arabs
2419:Presumed Guilty: American Muslim and Arabs
2360:Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy
2354:Brown, Christie Spears (26 December 2017).
1340:American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2468:
2454:
2446:
2123:"Terror Fears Hamper U.S. Muslims' Travel"
1977:"The Portrayal of Arabs in American Media"
1326:“Billionaires, bombers, and belly dancers”
1282:culture. Stereotypical representations of
1259:
1245:
281:
1318:and Muslims in daily interactions and in
270:Learn how and when to remove this message
252:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:Learn how and when to remove this message
1782:. Charlotte, N.C.: Information Age Pub.
1720:
293:
1406:, documented these trends in his book
1338:, director of media relations for the
2497:Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
1568:Stereotypes in film and their effects
1200:Forum Against Islamophobia and Racism
7:
2528:Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
2063:, 14 Dec 2006. Retrieved 2 Oct 2012.
2029:– Official site. Retrieved Oct 2012.
1755:"Omar Sharif: Actor without borders"
1286:are often manifested in a society's
135:adding citations to reliable sources
2440:Images of Arabs and the Middle East
2309:Change, Teaching for (2017-04-08).
1540:Airport racial profiling after 9/11
1520:Another stereotypical character is
1298:and other creative expressions. In
1472:portrayal of Arabs in modern films
14:
2632:Islamophobia in the United States
2622:Anti-Arabism in the United States
2404:John Benjamins Publishing Company
1912:"Arab-Bashing for Fun and Profit"
1678:Islamophobia in the United States
77:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
34:This article has multiple issues.
2477:Stereotypes in the United States
2121:MacFarquhar, Neil (2006-06-01).
1586:, is credited with pioneering a
1394:September 11th terrorist attacks
301:
213:
111:
64:
23:
1945:"But can you play a terrorist?"
1084:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
754:Palestinian genocide allegation
122:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
2518:Hispanics and Latino Americans
2005:. Thirdway.org. Archived from
1557:American Civil Liberties Union
766:Massacres, torture, expulsion:
1:
2311:"Countering Arab Stereotypes"
1943:Khalil, Ashraf (2007-10-04).
1886:"Why Hollywood Owes Me Money"
1778:Null, J. Wesley, ed. (2008).
823:Cave of the Patriarchs (1994)
2396:Richardson, John E. (2004),
1404:Southern Illinois University
1046:Muslim Massacre (video game)
967:Almondbury bullying incident
2637:Islam-related controversies
2493:African and Black Americans
2284:Airey, Jacob (2017-01-20).
2046:, 2006. Retrieved Oct 2012.
1825:10.1177/0002716203588001005
1225:Southern Poverty Law Center
2658:
2642:Stereotypes of Arab people
1543:
1522:Achmed The Dead Terrorist
1379:published July 28, 1997,
1089:Xinjiang internment camps
903:Northern Sri Lanka (1990)
848:İşkodra and Niş (1877–78)
1648:knowledgeable children.
923:Sabra and Shatila (1982)
90:may contain suggestions.
75:may need to be rewritten
2436:via UC Berkeley library
1215:Muslim American Society
972:Bendigo mosque protests
933:SĂ©tif and Guelma (1945)
749:Pacification of Algeria
388:Muslim immigration bans
1634:Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni
1559:. Fox News radio host
1468:
1371:
1008:Haridwar hate speeches
2542:Regional & social
2485:Ethnic & national
2189:Daily News (New York)
2039:Driving to Zigzigland
2027:Driving to Zigzigland
1625:The Wind and the Lion
1598:, particularly among
1582:as the Arab diplomat
1511:Driving to Zigzigland
1503:Wanted: Dead or Alive
1491:Death Before Dishonor
1463:
1357:made a short film in
1352:
1190:Amnesty International
1144:Politically Incorrect
996:Flying imams incident
2315:Social Justice Books
1026:Innocence of Muslims
798:Big Excursion (1989)
330:Conspiracy theories
131:improve this article
2160:The Huffington Post
1673:Flying while Muslim
1479:Rules of Engagement
1099:Trojan Horse affair
1051:Quran desecrations
778:Albanians (1912–13)
561:Attacks on mosques:
2513:European Americans
2372:10.1111/asap.12129
2196:on 12 October 2009
2127:The New York Times
1855:Qumsiyeh, Mazin B.
1441:Executive Decision
1373:In a piece in the
1304:portrayal of Arabs
1210:Islamophobia Watch
1205:Human Rights Watch
1127:FrontPage Magazine
868:Kulen Vakuf (1941)
838:Guangzhou (878–79)
803:Bossemptélé (2014)
773:Abu Ghraib (2000s)
730:Chechen and Ingush
528:Conservative Party
438:Bosnia–Herzegovina
232:You can assist by
2609:
2608:
2596:White Southerners
2533:Arabs and Muslims
2423:on Making Contact
2102:. 6 February 2002
1983:on July 13, 2006.
1949:Los Angeles Times
1916:Los Angeles Times
1704:Stereotype threat
1692:, a 1978 book by
1668:Ethnic stereotype
1628:(1975), starring
1608:(2001), starring
1376:Los Angeles Times
1361:for his patented
1336:Mazin B. Qumsiyeh
1269:
1268:
1094:Swiss minaret ban
873:Kafr Qasim (1956)
828:Granada (1482–92)
692:California (2001)
416:Status by country
403:Quran desecration
344:Great Replacement
319:Airport profiling
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1699:Racial profiling
1632:as the Moroccan
1618:(2019) starring
1584:Ahmad ibn Fadlan
1580:Antonio Banderas
1575:The 13th Warrior
1330:A report titled
1261:
1254:
1247:
1165:Brussels Journal
1040:Kathua rape case
960:Other incidents:
953:Walisongo (2000)
918:Sri Lanka (2018)
863:Karantina (1976)
858:Jerusalem (1099)
718:Ethnic cleansing
688:Planned attacks
376:Karnataka, India
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1532:'s second name
1485:The Delta Force
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1220:Muslims Condemn
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1170:Gates of Vienna
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1103:
1033:Jyllands-Posten
957:
948:Spain (1500–26)
928:Šahovići (1924)
888:Moriscos (1609)
853:Japan (1937–45)
843:Harmanli (1878)
808:Bukovica (1943)
788:Ayyadieh (1191)
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2001:Reel Bad Arabs
1997:Kessler, Jim.
1986:
1968:
1935:
1910:(1997-07-28).
1899:
1896:on 2002-06-09.
1873:
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1753:Diab, Khaled.
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1663:Reel Bad Arabs
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1596:cult following
1572:The 1999 film
1569:
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1561:Mike Gallagher
1544:Main article:
1541:
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1500:
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1450:Reel Bad Arabs
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1316:Arab Americans
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2591:Valley Girls
2549:Appalachians
2532:
2506:South Asians
2398:
2375:. Retrieved
2363:
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2338:. Retrieved
2329:
2318:. Retrieved
2314:
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2293:. Retrieved
2289:
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2268:. Retrieved
2266:. 2023-10-05
2258:
2247:. Retrieved
2243:
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2219:
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2198:. Retrieved
2194:the original
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2104:. Retrieved
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2011:. Retrieved
2007:the original
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1981:the original
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1960:. Retrieved
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1927:. Retrieved
1915:
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1894:the original
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1819:(1): 52–72.
1816:
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1779:
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1762:. Retrieved
1758:
1748:
1737:. Retrieved
1735:. 2022-09-17
1732:
1723:
1687:
1658:Anti-Arabism
1646:
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1630:Sean Connery
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1398:
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1013:Hindutva pop
979: /
959:
958:
913:Paris (1961)
883:Mecca (600s)
783:Assam (2014)
765:
764:
732: /
705:
704:
607:Christchurch
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560:
539:
361:Hijabophobia
295:Islamophobia
266:
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239:
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129:Please help
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1280:American
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759:Rohingya
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1955:
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1796:
1786:
1588:Muslim
1493:(1987)
1487:(1986)
1457:
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1437:(1992)
1431:(1990)
1425:(1986)
1414:
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684:ZĂĽrich
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1794:OCLC
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1065:2011
1060:2010
1055:2005
150:news
2368:doi
1821:doi
1817:588
1605:Ali
1524:by
1447:In
1334:by
1278:in
133:by
2618::
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1989:^
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51:(
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