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and then to 15/16 IPS, while reducing the cartridge size first back to the standard widely available A-size and then to a hybrid size between the AA (single) size and the A-size. At first, chromium high-bias tape was used to offset the loss of fidelity from the lower speed, and then, when that proved
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of Los
Angeles, California, saw a potential in Fidelipac broadcast carts for an automobile music tape system, and in 1962 introduced his "Stereo-Pak 4-Track Stereo Tape Cartridge System" and pre-recorded tapes, initially in California and Florida. He licensed popular music albums from the major
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The B- and C-size carts would have their stereo sound split to mono and be used for background music systems all the way up to the early 1990s, when digital took over. In the last part of that period, a last-ditch effort to reduce cost came in the form of reducing the tape speed first to 1-7/8
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Previously, music in the car had been restricted mostly to radios. Records, due to their methods of operation and size, were not practical for use in a car, although several companies tried to market automobile record players such as the
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The tape is arranged in an infinite loop that traverses a central hub and crosses a tape head, usually under a pressure pad to assure proper tape contact. The tape is pulled by tension, and spooling is aided by a lubricant, usually
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A-size, 4 inches wide by 5 inches long, was the most common size. The same size as the vast majority of NAB (Fidelipac) carts, it was able to carry a 3-inch reel.
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in 1954 and used by radio broadcasters for commercials and jingles in 1959. The Stereo-Pak was adapted from the
Fidelipac cartridge design by
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AA (single) size was an inch wide by two inches long and carried the same amount of time per track (6 minutes) as one side of a
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C-size, able to carry a full 1800-foot 7-inch reel of one-mil tape, used infrequently for extremely extended 4-LP sets.
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After riding in Muntz's car and listening to his 4-track cartridge system, electronics and aerospace entrepreneur
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record companies and duplicated them on these 4-track cartridges, or CARtridges, as they were first advertised.
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system, which quickly supplanted and surpassed the 4-track in the market until being surpassed, itself, by the
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Muntz developed and marketed a variety of mobile and stationary players and recorders for his 4-track tapes.
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588:, page 96, retrieved May 22, 2023. (Details on various Muntz 4-track players and recorders, with photos)
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2-track monaural (audio & cue tracks, later 3-track for stereo) tape cartridge system invented by
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in 1962, in partnership with Eash, as a way to play pre-recorded tapes in cars.
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create a modified derivative, resulting in the more convenient and long-playing
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16:"4-track cartridge" redirects here. For the RCA 4-track cartridge, see
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B-size, six inches wide by 7 inches long, was used infrequently for
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sets and other extended programs. Able to carry a 5-inch reel.
26:
547:"Auto-com Talking Book Demonstration Flexible Disc Auto-Disc"
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Billboard vol. 84, No. 47, 18 November 1972, p. 62, 76, 78
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
354:too expensive, cobalt-based tape was substituted.
498:Sound Recording: The Life Story of a Technology
610:
258:The Stereo-Pak cartridge was inspired by the
8:
132:
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117:Learn how and when to remove this message
863:Tefiphon/Teficord (early 1930s), Tefifon
457:, The University of Chicago Press 2011
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131:
7:
317:Music came in four cartridge sizes.
129:Magnetic tape-based format for audio
55:adding citations to reliable sources
20:. For four-track multitracking, see
14:
1771:Audiovisual introductions in 1962
1725:Pioneer Artists Compact LaserDisc
1175:Mohawk Message repeater cartridge
559:from the original on 2021-12-05.
235:Stereo-Pak player with cartridge
138:
31:
1253:Nippon Electronic Vity cassette
964:Cosmos Industries MX-303A/ANQ-1
42:needs additional citations for
476:Magnetic sound recording tapes
1:
572:, "Tape Recorder Directory,"
306:and the Auto-Com flexidisc.
253:magnetic tape sound recording
1049:Thermionic Products Recordon
442:Earl Muntz Meets George Eash
1811:Products introduced in 1962
1436:Analog-to-digital converter
1343:Nippon Electronic Memo-call
288:endless loop tape cartridge
1827:
1791:Discontinued media formats
1781:History of sound recording
1559:Compact Disc Digital Audio
643:Music box cylinder or disc
500:. JHU Press. p. 157.
227:Stereo-Pak player close up
15:
1259:Grundig Cassette LFH 0084
1038:
586:Tape Recorder Annual 1968
137:
1509:Digital Compact Cassette
1397:Capitol Records Audiopak
1247:Dictaphone Travel master
1043:Telefunken magnetic disc
1012:Crouzet-Jaeger cartridge
290:was designed in 1952 by
243:, commonly known as the
1325:Assmann-Stuzzi Memocord
1006:Protona Minifon special
627:audio recording formats
420:"Analog Stereo Formats"
1409:Bandai micro cartridge
1355:Muntz Stereo Mini-twin
496:Morton, David (2006).
255:cartridge technology.
236:
228:
1277:Cousino Echo-matic II
757:Indestructible record
234:
226:
1373:Sanyo Tape cartridge
1199:Rediffusion Reditune
1078:Loose (reel-to-reel)
1029:Magnetic stripe card
958:US Army RD-11B/GNQ-1
723:Perfected phonograph
651:(early 17th century)
430:on November 2, 2011.
391:"The 4-Track Madman"
363:Lear Jet Corporation
51:improve this article
22:Multitrack recording
1796:American inventions
1187:Mohawk Midgetape RL
1000:Protona Minifon P55
994:Protona Minifon P51
769:Blue Amberol record
751:Gold moulded record
745:Le CĂ©leste cylinder
717:Dictaphone cylinder
707:Phonograph cylinder
523:Magnetic sound tape
361:had an employee of
311:Earl "Madman" Muntz
268:Earl "Madman" Muntz
134:
1806:1962 in technology
1642:Electronic circuit
1497:Digital Audio Tape
1211:RCA tape cartridge
1169:Cousino Echo-matic
1067:Audio High Density
816:Edison Voicewriter
237:
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217:Car audio playback
18:RCA tape cartridge
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1701:
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1265:Orrtronic Tapette
1193:Dictaphone Dictet
792:Phonograph record
649:Mechanical cuckoo
463:978-0-226-43183-3
424:vinylfanatics.com
367:8-track cartridge
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1337:DC-International
1295:Compact cassette
1113:Fullcoat magfilm
1055:Record Maker Pye
1022:Magnetic surface
952:Lorenz Textophon
775:Paradis cylinder
739:Stentor cylinder
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453:Barry Kernfeld:
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426:. Archived from
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397:on July 16, 2004
393:. Archived from
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241:Muntz Stereo-Pak
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1680:Toymax VJ Starz
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1289:Philips EL 3583
1235:Cousino MR-9000
1223:Protona Attaché
1217:Philips EL 3581
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1801:1962 in music
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1776:Audio storage
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1713:Mini-cassette
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1674:Takara E-kara
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879:Sound-on-film
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840:Highway Hi-Fi
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645:(9th century)
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581:Stereo Review
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507:9780801883989
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371:cassette tape
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309:Entrepreneur
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304:Highway Hi-Fi
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163:Analog signal
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151:Magnetic tape
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68: –
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63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
23:
19:
1652:(late 1970s)
1551:Optical disc
1415:Picocassette
1411:(late 1980s)
1282:
1205:Saba Sabafon
976:RCA MI-12877
970:RCA MI-12875
856:Grooved tape
822:SoundScriber
818:(late 1940s)
804:Diamond disc
785:Grooved disc
687:Phonautogram
655:Punched card
585:
579:
573:
565:
550:
528:, retrieved
526:, 1955-04-11
522:
516:
497:
491:
481:, retrieved
479:, 1963-04-02
475:
469:
449:
436:
428:the original
423:
399:. Retrieved
395:the original
385:
356:
347:
344:
316:
308:
300:
296:Toledo, Ohio
285:
272:
257:
244:
240:
238:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
66:"Stereo-Pak"
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1462:PCM adaptor
1450:X80/ProDigi
1444:Soundstream
1331:Cantata 700
1301:Grundig En3
1095:Magnetophon
982:Peirce 265B
846:Bandai 8ban
713:Graphophone
440:Jay Ehler:
264:George Eash
1765:Categories
1668:Yaboom Box
1656:MP3 player
1650:Sound chip
1468:DA-88/DTRS
1283:Stereo-Pak
1181:Stenorette
1061:Synchrofax
911:Fantasound
905:Photophone
798:Pathé disc
661:Music roll
635:Mechanical
530:2018-05-02
483:2018-05-02
377:References
208:Earl Muntz
147:Media type
133:Stereo-Pak
77:newspapers
1749:VinylDisc
1595:DVD-Audio
1490:cartridge
1307:Sabamobil
1271:3M Scotch
1229:Fidelipac
1156:cartridge
1137:3/4" tape
1107:1/2" tape
1101:1/4" tape
945:cartridge
941:Magnetic
899:Movietone
893:Tri-Ergon
887:Phonofilm
868:Dictabelt
834:Long play
828:Audograph
625:Physical
359:Bill Lear
260:Fidelipac
249:cartridge
200:Developed
187:mechanism
177:Tape head
173:mechanism
107:June 2016
1731:CD Video
1662:HitClips
1619:BD-Audio
1613:DualDisc
1601:DataPlay
1571:MiniDisc
1349:PlayTape
1163:Optaphon
727:Ediphone
699:cylinder
697:Grooved
557:Archived
373:system.
276:graphite
191:Magnetic
158:Encoding
1719:U-matic
1692:MicroSD
1479:Digital
1403:Elcaset
1313:8-track
1143:3" tape
1131:2" tape
1125:1" tape
747:(1890s)
741:(1890s)
735:(1890s)
570:"Muntz"
552:YouTube
401:July 7,
282:History
251:, is a
91:scholar
1751:(2007)
1745:(2001)
1739:(1991)
1733:(1987)
1727:(1986)
1721:(1971)
1715:(1967)
1706:Hybrid
1694:(2007)
1688:(2004)
1682:(2002)
1676:(2001)
1670:(1999)
1664:(2000)
1658:(1996)
1633:(2014)
1631:MQA-CD
1627:(2013)
1621:(2008)
1615:(2004)
1609:(2004)
1603:(2002)
1597:(2000)
1591:(1999)
1585:(1995)
1579:(1993)
1573:(1992)
1567:(1989)
1561:(1982)
1542:(1993)
1536:(1990)
1530:(1986)
1511:(1992)
1505:(1992)
1499:(1987)
1470:(1993)
1464:(1982)
1458:(1982)
1452:(1980)
1446:(1976)
1423:(1988)
1417:(1985)
1405:(1976)
1399:(1972)
1393:(1972)
1387:(1971)
1381:(1971)
1375:(1969)
1369:(1969)
1363:(1968)
1357:(1967)
1351:(1966)
1345:(1965)
1339:(1965)
1333:(1965)
1327:(1965)
1321:(1964)
1315:(1964)
1309:(1964)
1303:(1964)
1297:(1963)
1291:(1963)
1285:(1962)
1279:(1962)
1273:(1962)
1267:(1962)
1261:(1962)
1255:(1961)
1249:(1961)
1243:(1961)
1237:(1960)
1231:(1959)
1225:(1959)
1219:(1958)
1213:(1958)
1207:(1958)
1201:(1957)
1195:(1957)
1189:(1955)
1183:(1954)
1177:(1953)
1171:(1952)
1165:(1951)
1145:(1978)
1139:(1969)
1133:(1967)
1127:(1957)
1121:(1953)
1115:(1953)
1109:(1953)
1103:(1949)
1097:(1935)
1091:(1928)
1069:(1978)
1063:(1959)
1057:(1953)
1051:(1948)
1045:(1945)
1031:(1900)
1014:(1962)
1008:(1961)
1002:(1955)
996:(1951)
990:(1951)
984:(1951)
978:(1947)
972:(1947)
966:(1944)
960:(1944)
954:(1942)
933:(1898)
913:(1940)
907:(1929)
901:(1926)
895:(1922)
889:(1919)
870:(1947)
848:(2004)
842:(1956)
836:(1948)
830:(1945)
824:(1945)
812:(1920)
806:(1912)
800:(1905)
794:(1889)
777:(1913)
771:(1912)
765:(1908)
759:(1907)
753:(1902)
729:(1888)
719:(1887)
709:(1877)
689:(1857)
672:Analog
663:(1883)
657:(1881)
504:
461:
323:45 RPM
202:
185:
171:
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1607:Hi-MD
1379:HiPac
247:track
214:Usage
183:Write
98:JSTOR
84:books
1737:ADAT
1625:HFPA
1583:HDCD
1540:SDDS
1456:DASH
943:wire
923:wire
575:HiFi
502:ISBN
459:ISBN
403:2004
336:2-LP
286:The
239:The
169:Read
70:news
1577:DTS
1534:CDS
351:IPS
298:.
294:of
53:by
1767::
1528:DD
1503:NT
583:'s
578:/
555:.
549:.
538:^
422:.
411:^
326:EP
278:.
245:4-
204:by
725:/
715:/
618:e
611:t
604:v
510:.
405:.
328:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
24:.
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