620:"It was part of the conspiracy that, in an effort to influence persons within and outside the United States government, Rosen and Weissman would cultivate relationships with Franklin and others and would use their contacts within the U.S. government and elsewhere to gather sensitive U.S. government information, including classified information relating to the national defense, for subsequent unlawful communication, delivery and transmission to persons not entitled to receive it.
607:"having unauthorized possession of, access to, and control over information relating to the national defense, did willfully communicate, deliver and transmit that information directly and indirectly to a person or persons not entitled to receive it, having reason to believe that said information could be used to the injury of the United States and to the advantage of any foreign nation, a violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 793(e)."
604:"having lawful possession of, access to, and control over information relating to the national defense, did willfully communicate, deliver and transmit that information directly and indirectly to a person or persons not entitled to receive it, having reason to believe that said information could be used to the injury of the United States and to the advantage of any foreign nation, a violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 793(d); and
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600:"Between in or about April 1999 and continuing until on or about August 27, 2004, in the Eastern District of Virginia and elsewhere, defendants Lawrence Anthony Franklin, Steven J. Rosen, and Keith Weissman did unlawfully, knowingly and willfully conspire, confederate and agree together and with others, known and unknown to the Grand Jury, to commit the following offenses against the United States:
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487:. Rosen was an ardent proponent of the view that U.S. recognition of and relations with Palestinian organizations should be conditioned on their renunciation of terror and violence, their willingness to make peace and their compliance with signed agreements. Rosen also argued, in a 1985 AIPAC monograph titled "The Importance of the
623:"It was further part of the conspiracy that Franklin would use his position as a desk officer in the Office of the Secretary of Defense to gather information relating to the national defense, for subsequent unlawful communication, delivery and transmission to Rosen and Weissman and others not entitled to receive it.
506:, for expressing doubts that the Palestinians would honor their commitments. He was also criticized by some on the pro-Israel right for his view that Israel's Palestinian policy should be decided by its elected government, not by pro-Israel organizations abroad. AIPAC-watchers often describe Rosen as a "
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reported, "A spy is working for Israel at the
Pentagon… The suspected mole supplied Israel with classified materials…passing classified information…to two men at AIPAC, and on to the Israelis... a presidential directive on U.S. policy toward Iran." On screen, CBS showed an image of a document titled
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write that, although countries spying on their allies is common enough to be "neither surprising nor particularly reprehensible, ... onetheless, the close relationship between
Washington and Jerusalem has made it easier for Israel to steal American secrets, and it has not hesitated to do just that.
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said Rosen is "a brilliant and, some say, ruthless bureaucratic infighter at the country's premiere
Mideast lobbying group, who was emboldened by his long relationships with figures in and around the Bush Administration and the Washington scene to behave almost as an unofficial diplomatic entity in
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information that would occur at any trial." An appeals court had ruled that the defense could use classified information at trial and a lower-court judge had ruled that prosecutors had to show that the two men knew that the information they allegedly disclosed would harm the United States, which
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On May 1, 2009 prosecutors announced they would ask the judge to dismiss the cases against Rosen and
Weissman because of "the diminished likelihood the government will prevail at trial under the additional intent requirements imposed by the court and the inevitable disclosure of classified
629:"It was further part of the conspiracy that Franklin would unlawfully deliver, communicate and transmit classified national defense information in an effort to advance his own personal foreign policy agenda and influence persons within and outside the United States government.
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profile (July 4, 2005) said: "Rosen used his contacts to carry AIPAC’s agenda to the White House. An early success came in 1983, when he helped lobby for a strategic cooperation agreement between Israel and the United States, which was signed over the objections of
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later said (June 14, 1991): " helped convince key members of the Reagan administration that the Jewish state was a U.S. 'strategic asset' in the struggle with the
Soviets. … Rosen helped encourage more cooperation than the two countries had ever enjoyed." A
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This led to intense worldwide media attention to the allegation that AIPAC was enmeshed in a major espionage program. Critics of AIPAC and Israel saw validation for their thesis that pro-Israel advocacy is inimical to the
American national interest. In
626:"It was further part of the conspiracy that Franklin, Rosen and Weissman would meet at locations in the Eastern District of Virginia and elsewhere, to exchange information, including classified information relating to the national defense.
527:"Presidential Directive: U.S. Policy Toward Iran," and a file folder marked "classified" passing from a man labeled "suspected spy" to a box marked with the AIPAC logo and from there to Israel as symbolized by its flag. The same day,
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In particular, "Rosen helped pioneer 'executive-branch lobbying,' a style of advocacy that was not widespread when he began it in the mid-1980s, but is now a routine complement to the more traditional lobbying of
Congress" according to
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said (July 6, 1987), "AIPAC cannot take sole credit. … But Mr. Rosen has reportedly worked to flesh out the strategic cooperation. … Despite initial opposition in the
Pentagon, the relationship has become institutionalized."
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In 1982, Rosen left RAND to join AIPAC, where he served until 2005 as
Director of Foreign Policy Issues and was particularly involved in communication with the executive branch including the State Department and the
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632:"It was further part of the conspiracy that Rosen and Weissman, without lawful authority, would communicate to persons not entitled to receive it, classified information relating to the national defense."
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to the
Security of Israel", that U.S.-brokered negotiations over territory and borders should include provisions to secure Israel from threats that might arise in areas under Palestinian control.
327:, a best selling textbook that went through four editions from 1974 through 1982. From 1978 to 1982, he served as Associate Director of the National Security Strategies Program at think tank
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said, "Mr. Rosen, AIPAC's director of foreign policy issues, is ... one of the group's most influential employees, with wide-ranging contacts within the Bush administration and overseas."
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said that defense lawyers "were able to put together an array of experts to demonstrate to the government that the information" the men were accused of passing along was "innocuous."
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At the very least, Israel's willingness to spy on its principal patron casts further doubt on its overall strategic value, especially now that the Cold War is over."
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called him "A larger-than-life figure" (May 20, 2005) who "helped shape AIPAC into one of the most powerful lobby groups in the country" (September 30, 2005).
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his own right" (July 14, 2005). "The special relationship between the US executive branch and AIPAC was the triumph of twenty years of work by … Rosen."
569:. Some of the laws had been in effect since 1917. One provision under which Rosen and Weissman were indicted—section 793(e)—was added in 1950 under the
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472:(ILSA) on August 4, 1996. The Executive Orders and ILSA (later the Iran Sanctions Act) were the foundation of a Bush Administration effort to get
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531:(FBI) agents, accompanied by media camera crews, raided AIPAC offices with a warrant to inspect the paper and electronic files of Steven Rosen.
259:, but charges were dropped. The case received attention because it raised new issues about the conflict between US national security policy and
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284:, Rosen pointed to a napkin he was carrying, "“You see this napkin? In 24 hours, we could have the signatures of 70 Senators on this napkin”.
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from investing in Iranian oil and gas production; his May 8, 1995 Executive Order extending this to all U.S. companies; and enactment of the
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Rosen's early work with the executive branch focused on expanding military cooperation between the United States and
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Rosen is regarded as a major contributor to the growth of AIPAC's influence on the US' Middle East policy during.
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personnel and policy. In November 2008, Rosen gave a presentation for MEF titled "Wishful Thinking and Iran."
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credited one of Rosen's reports with helping to launch the U.S.–Israeli dialogue that resulted in the
910:"Jeffrey Goldberg › Articles › The New Yorker › Letter From Washington: Real Insiders"
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The indictment of Rosen and Weissman, filed in Alexandria, Virginia on August 4, 2005, alleges that:
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wrote, "Rosen has been a mainstay of AIPAC and the architect of the group's ever-increasing clout."
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called it "the worst case of selective prosecution I have seen in 42 years of legal practice."
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On November 3, 2008, the Jewish Telegraphic Agency reported that Rosen was working for the
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said the AIPAC case "is the single most dangerous case for free speech and free press" and
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The prosecution was brought under various sections of the Espionage Act, for example
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Rosen taught political science and international relations from 1968 to 1978 at the
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on May 26, 2005, and Rosen and Weissman were indicted on August 4, 2005.
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Another key issue in Rosen's work for AIPAC was U.S. policy toward the
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751:"Wishful Thinking and Iran: New Governments in Israel and the U.S."
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Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and
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Prosecutors to Drop Charges Against Two Former AIPAC Lobbyists
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for leverage against Iran's alleged involvement in sponsoring
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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793:"F.B.I. Interviews 2 Suspected of Passing Secrets to Israel"
502:, he was criticized by followers of Israel's leading dove,
248:(AIPAC). He is often singled out in writings about AIPAC.
842:"Analysis / AIPAC Institutes Its Own Disengagement Plan'"
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capabilities. Milestones in this campaign were President
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served for 23 years as one of the top officials of the
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818:"Pro-Israel Lobbying Group Holds Meeting Amid Worries"
331:, conducting and supervising research and analysis of
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440:A major focus of Rosen's efforts in the 1990s was
377:said, "In the eyes of many, he is AIPAC itself."
1216:People acquitted under the Espionage Act of 1917
860:"The Power Player Who Faces Charges for Talking"
554:Pentagon official Lawrence Franklin was indicted
514:if the necessary conditions could be achieved.
299:. Rosen blogged on the MEF website, devoted to
648:described as "a high burden for prosecutors".
1165:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
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255:in August 2005 for alleged violations of the
8:
476:for stepped up economic pressure to end the
323:. He was coauthor (with Walter S. Jones) of
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1011:
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932:"On Middle East Policy, a Major Influence"
140:about living persons that is unsourced or
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
1191:American Israel Public Affairs Committee
1152:The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
1034:American Israel Public Affairs Committee
961:The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
538:The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
246:American Israel Public Affairs Committee
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278:In an interview with a journalist from
774:Walter S. Jones; Steven Rosen (1982).
791:Johnston, David (September 1, 2004).
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777:The logic of international relations
325:The Logic of International Relations
1116:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
498:At the height of the failed 1990s
478:Iranian uranium enrichment program
14:
670:Israel lobby in the United States
452:and its purported acquisition of
34:This article has multiple issues.
930:Shipler, David K. (1987-07-06).
721:Walt, Stephen M. (20 May 2009).
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529:Federal Bureau of Investigation
412:Strategic Cooperation Agreement
42:or discuss these issues on the
1206:Israel–United States relations
723:"Just a coincidence, I'm sure"
571:McCarran Internal Security Act
321:Australian National University
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612:Failed conspiracy allegations
86:related to non-recent events.
77:slanted towards recent events
1221:Zionism in the United States
518:Failed espionage prosecution
485:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
470:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
118:biography of a living person
145:must be removed immediately
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1122:United States v. Franklin
964:(Macmillan, 2007), p. 77.
593:United States v. Franklin
354:National Security Council
1146:American Zionist Council
637:Prosecutors drop charges
474:multilateral cooperation
313:University of Pittsburgh
616:The indictment stated:
1159:They Dare to Speak Out
132:Please help by adding
934:. Ifamericansknew.org
912:. Jeffreygoldberg.net
541:(2007), for example,
405:defense correspondent
371:National Public Radio
522:On August 27, 2004,
335:under contract with
301:Obama Administration
295:directed by scholar
138:Contentious material
1073:Bernice Manocherian
991:The Washington Post
952:John J. Mearsheimer
864:The Washington Post
822:The Washington Post
645:The Washington Post
420:The Washington Post
383:The Washington Post
367:The Washington Post
341:US State Department
333:classified material
317:Brandeis University
1201:American lobbyists
1130:Pro-Israel America
797:The New York Times
711:, January 31, 2006
512:two-state solution
460:'s March 14, 1995
446:economic sanctions
362:The New York Times
263:guaranteed by the
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848:. April 22, 2005.
754:Middle East Forum
737:"Mideast monitor"
430:Caspar Weinberger
414:during early the
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936:. Retrieved
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914:. Retrieved
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891:. 2005-07-14
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758:. Retrieved
756:. 2008-11-10
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297:Daniel Pipes
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269:Floyd Abrams
267:. Attorney
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127:verification
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36:Please help
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1180:Categories
1041:Key people
938:2014-07-22
916:2014-07-22
895:2014-07-22
889:The Nation
870:2014-07-22
827:2014-07-22
760:2014-07-22
681:References
587:Indictment
566:§ 793
425:New Yorker
388:The Nation
293:think tank
201:March 2009
171:newspapers
39:improve it
1083:Neal Sher
579:reporter
562:18 U.S.C.
489:West Bank
450:terrorism
291:(MEF), a
123:citations
45:talk page
1102:Activity
1053:Tom Dine
802:July 22,
659:See also
524:CBS News
464:banning
339:and the
253:indicted
149:libelous
92:May 2009
1139:Related
846:Haaretz
375:Haaretz
251:He was
185:scholar
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466:Conoco
397:Israel
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434:Times
347:AIPAC
192:JSTOR
178:books
116:This
954:and
804:2014
545:and
493:Gaza
491:and
442:Iran
403:and
319:and
164:news
125:for
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