257:, and it continues to saw into the target's flesh and release venom for several minutes. This trait is of obvious disadvantage to the individual but protects the hive from attacks by large animals; aside from the effects of the venom, the remnant also marks the stung animal with honey bee alarm pheromone. The barbs of a honey bee's attack are only suicidal if the skin is elastic, as is characteristic of vertebrates such as birds and mammals; honey bees can sting other insects repeatedly without dying.
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282:(5-HT) in its venoms. The 5-HT in these venoms has been found to play at least two roles: one as a pain-producing agent and the other in the distribution and penetration of the paralyzing components to vulnerable sites in the offender. This helps in the rapid immobilization of the animal or of the body parts receiving the venom.
141:; acting independently, each toxin is rather mild, but when they combine through the sting, the combination has strong irritating properties. In a small number of cases, the second occasion of a bee or wasp sting causes a severe allergic reaction known as
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While the overwhelming majority of insects withdraw their stingers from their victims, a few insects leave them in the wounds. For example, of the 20,000 species of bees worldwide, only the half-dozen species of honeybees
117:
Stinging insects produce a painful swelling of the skin, the severity of the lesion varying according to the location of the sting, the identity of the insect and the sensitivity of the subject. Many species of
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The sting of nearly all other bees and other sting-bearing organisms is not barbed and can be used to sting repeatedly. The description of barbed or unbarbed is not precise: there are barbs on the stings of
106:, which in turn produces skin lesions that may vary from a small itching weal, or slightly elevated area of the skin, to large areas of inflamed skin covered by
155:) are reported to have a barbed stinger that cannot be withdrawn; of wasps, nearly all are reported to have smooth stingers with the exception of two species,
102:
as well as additional pathogens and diseases, are often confused with stings, and vice versa. Specific components of venom are believed to give rise to an
655:
Welsh, John H., and
Carolyn S. Batty. "5-Hydroxytryptamine Content of Some Arthropod Venoms and Venom-containing Parts." Toxic on 1.4 (1963): 165-70. Web.
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197:, a sting or stinger is a sharp organ, often connected with a venom gland and adapted to inflict a wound by piercing, as with the caudal sting of a
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Organs that perform similar functions in non-arthropods are often referred to as "stings". These organs include the modified
520:
Berkov, Amy; Rodríguez, Nelson; Centeno, Pedro (15 Nov 2007). "Convergent evolution in the antennae of a cerambycid beetle,
223:) that can deliver a venomous sting from its antennae, whose terminal segments have evolved to resemble a scorpion's tail.
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also possess a venomous bite rather than a sting, inflicted with a highly modified first pair of legs, called
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631:"Sting Embedment and Avulsion in Yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): a Functional Equivalent to Autotomy"
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201:. Stings are usually located at the rear of the animal. Animals with stings include bees, wasps (including
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269:, but the barbs are so small that the wasp can sometimes withdraw its sting apparatus from victim's skin.
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upon use, tearing free from the honey bee's body, killing the bee within minutes. The sting has its own
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Riches, KJ; Gillis, D; James, RA (2002). "An autopsy approach to bee sting-related deaths".
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Secret
Weapons: Defences of Insects, Spiders, Scorpions, and other Many-legged Creatures
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Greene, Albert; Breisch, Nancy; Golden, David; Kelly, Denise; Douglass, Larry.
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Spiders only bite, although some tarantulas have barbed bristles called
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workers' stings are strongly barbed and lodge in the flesh of
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is one recognized constituent, and the other secreting an
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This article is about the organ. For other uses, see
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Thomas Eisner; Maria Eisner; Melody
Siegler (2005).
289:. Certain caterpillars also have urticating hairs.
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272:The stings of some wasps, such as those of the
126:have two poison glands, one gland secreting a
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94:sting is complicated by its introduction of
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167:. A few non-insect arthropods, such as
569:"Some ultrastructure of the honeybee (
278:, contain relatively large amounts of
217:, as well as a single beetle species (
27:Sharp organ capable of injecting venom
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567:Shing, H.; Erickson, E. H. (1982).
637:. Entomological Society of America
25:
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524:, and the sting of a scorpion".
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301:Stingrays, platypi and jellyfish
1:
317:on the hind legs of the male
245:. Unlike most other stings,
188:scanning electron microscope
186:sting in its sheath in the
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83:, usually by piercing the
29:
538:10.1007/s00114-007-0316-1
425:10.1080/00313020220131327
48:stinger, with droplet of
467:Harvard University Press
383:Schmidt Sting Pain Index
241:the sting is a modified
32:Stinger (disambiguation)
79:) capable of injecting
670:oxforddictionaries.com
590:10.1051/apido:19820301
522:Onychocerus albitarsis
495:oxforddictionaries.com
388:Starr sting pain scale
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220:Onychocerus albitarsis
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52:
36:Sting (disambiguation)
491:"Oxford Dictionaries"
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87:of another animal.
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698:at Wikimedia Commons
676:on January 7, 2013.
526:Naturwissenschaften
280:5-hydroxytryptamine
275:Polistes versicolor
267:Mexican honey wasp
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694:Media related to
476:978-0-674-01882-2
350:Arthropods portal
104:allergic reaction
67:found in various
16:(Redirected from
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583:(3): 203–213.
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110:and crusted
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378:Insect bite
239:Hymenoptera
143:anaphylaxis
132:formic acid
71:(typically
615:2022-04-26
577:Apidologie
573:L.) sting"
505:21 January
399:References
368:Chelicerae
321:, and the
295:forcipules
291:Centipedes
243:ovipositor
195:arthropods
175:Arthropods
139:neurotoxin
77:arthropods
75:and other
413:Pathology
373:Forcipule
363:Cnidocyte
358:Bee sting
330:jellyfish
326:tentacles
323:cnidocyte
247:honey bee
215:scorpions
211:fire ants
169:scorpions
130:in which
85:epidermis
706:Category
696:Stingers
554:30226487
546:18004534
441:20615755
433:12109787
336:See also
319:platypus
311:stingray
255:ganglion
231:Scorpion
205:), some
199:scorpion
136:alkaline
108:vesicles
641:7 March
328:of the
309:of the
251:mammals
233:stinger
203:hornets
112:lesions
73:insects
69:animals
57:stinger
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473:
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313:, the
213:, and
193:Among
100:saliva
92:insect
550:S2CID
437:S2CID
209:like
128:toxin
124:wasps
96:venom
81:venom
65:organ
61:sting
50:venom
643:2019
542:PMID
507:2015
471:ISBN
429:PMID
207:ants
161:and
152:Apis
122:and
120:bees
59:(or
46:Wasp
34:and
585:doi
534:doi
421:doi
90:An
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