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36:
703:
727:
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691:
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393:, with (3+4) coordination at the M1 site and (5+2) at the M2 site. Some of the secondary bonds impart cohesion and are connected with packing. Stibnite is grey when fresh, but can turn superficially black due to oxidation in air.
738:
389:. The Sb(III) centers, which are pyramidal and three-coordinate, are linked via bent two-coordinate sulfide ions. However, some studies suggest that the actual coordination polyhedra of antimony are SbS
409:
is 823 K (550 °C; 1,022 °F). The band gap is 1.88 eV at room temperature and it is a photoconductor. Stibnite is also toxic upon ingestion, with symptoms similar to those of
702:
964:
Sabina C. Grund, K. Hanusch, H. J. Breunig, H. U. Wolf, "Antimony and
Antimony Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
946:
1231:
Degryse, P.; Gonzalez, S.N.; Vanhaecke, F.; Dillis, S.; Van Ham-Meert, A. (2024). "The rise and fall of antimony: Sourcing the "colourless" in Roman glass".
1351:
684:. The largest documented single crystals of stibnite measured ~60×5×5 cm and originated from different locations including Japan, France and Germany.
714:
1132:
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429:
powder in fat or in other materials have been used since c. 3000 BC as eye cosmetics in the
Mediterranean and farther afield; in this use, Sb
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1270:
681:
455:, namely in the glitter and fountain mixtures. Needle-like crystals, "Chinese needles", are used in glitter compositions and white
89:
1384:
1369:
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220:
981:
Kyono A (2002). "Low-temperature crystal structures of stibnite implying orbital overlap of Sb 5s 2 inert pair electrons".
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690:
1389:
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504:
511:. Starkey used stibnite as a precursor to philosophical mercury, which was itself a hypothetical precursor to the
1394:
582:
Small deposits of stibnite are common, but large deposits are rare. The world's largest deposit of antimony, the
35:
20:
452:
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to make colourless glass, the making of which ended when this province was lost to the Roman Empire.
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to increase their sensitivity and sharpen their report. It is also a component of modern
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Needles of stibnite within a transparent crystal of calcite (size: 4.5×3.5×1.8 cm)
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Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005).
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507:, also known as George Starkey, describes stibnite in his alchemical commentary
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As of May 2007, the largest specimen on public display (1000 pounds) is at the
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1194:"Decknamen or pseudochemical language? Eirenaeus Philalethes and Carl Jung"
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compositions, but its use was abandoned due to toxicity and sensitivity to
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Lead-gray, tarnishing blackish or iridescent; in polished section, white
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Thermodynamic data for inorganic sulphides, selenides and tellurides
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Antimonite crystals (longest crystal: 7 cm) intergrown with
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378:
Stibnite has a structure similar to that of arsenic trisulfide,
1344:
172:
Massive, radiating and elongated crystals. Massive and granular
370:
as the former name for the mineral and the element antimony.
720:
Ray of sharp, striated, iridescent metallic stibnite blades
441:. It was used to darken the brows and lashes, or to draw a
1267:"American Museum of Natural History, Spectacular Stibnite"
838:"Stibnite | Antimony, Sulfide, Ore | Britannica"
488:
reports, “prophet
Muhammad said: 'Among the best types of
192:
Perfect and easy on {010}; imperfect on {100} and {110}
496:) for it clears the vision and makes the hair sprout.
346:
space group. It is the most important source for the
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1106:Alchemie. Lexikon einer hermetischen Wissenschaft
954:(539). U.S. Government Printing Office: 6. 1953.
19:For the region in the U.S. state of Idaho, see
509:An Exposition upon Sir George Ripley's Epistle
342:. This soft grey material crystallizes in an
1104:Priesner, Claus; Figala, Karin, eds. (1998).
8:
1355:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1291:"Chinese stibnite crystal on display in US"
478:Stibnite was used ever since protodynastic
365:
354:
1233:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
1091:"Minerals: Sparkling, sensitive and toxic"
947:United States National Bureau of Standards
851:
849:
847:
212:Highly flexible but not elastic; slightly
813:
884:
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1125:
780:
686:
25:
459:. The "dark pyro" version is used in
353:. The name is derived from the Greek
7:
790:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
482:as a medication and a cosmetic. The
1059:Semiconductors : data handbook
1271:American Museum of Natural History
1108:(in German). München: C. H. Beck.
1061:(3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer.
682:American Museum of Natural History
586:, yields high quality crystals in
149:c = 3.8389 Å; Z = 4
14:
983:Physics and Chemistry of Minerals
696:Stibnite from Herja mine, Romania
445:around the perimeter of the eye.
737:
725:
713:
701:
689:
527:deposits and is associated with
34:
1057:Madelung, O. (Otfried) (2004).
1:
1198:Revue d'histoire des sciences
970:10.1002/14356007.a03_055.pub2
1253:10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.104344
1181:. Translated by Ahmad Hasan.
1159:*Pyrotechnic Chemical Guide"
1192:Newman, William R. (1996).
503:The 17th century alchemist
360:
1416:
1380:Minerals in space group 62
1165:. Retrieved on 2011-10-14.
1133:"Ancient Egyptian make-up"
467:. It was formerly used in
18:
1003:10.1007/s00269-001-0227-1
915:Barthelmy, David (2014).
867:. Mineral Data Publishing
748:(length: 3 cm) from
355:
33:
1028:. London: Butterworths.
453:pyrotechnic compositions
309:Earthy, reddish deposits
21:Stibnite Mining District
1352:Encyclopædia Britannica
1310:P. C. Rickwood (1981).
917:"Stibnite Mineral Data"
770:, compounds of antimony
673:used stibnite mined in
401:The melting point of Sb
1312:"The largest crystals"
865:Handbook of Mineralogy
794:Mineralogical Magazine
366:
1385:Orthorhombic minerals
1370:Alchemical substances
1319:American Mineralogist
1210:10.3406/rhs.1996.1254
1024:Mills, K. C. (1974).
732:Structure of stibnite
505:Eirenaeus Philalethes
90:Strunz classification
1178:Book 32, Number 4050
147:, b = 11.31 Å,
1245:2024JArSR..53j4344D
995:2002PCM....29..254K
815:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
806:2021MinM...85..291W
788:Warr, L.N. (2021).
523:Stibnite occurs in
513:philosopher's stone
449:Antimony trisulfide
318:, sometimes called
1138:Pitt Rivers Museum
669:Historically, the
473:static electricity
364:through the Latin
273:Optical properties
116:Dipyramidal (mmm)
1390:Pyrotechnic fuels
1375:Antimony minerals
1175:Sunan Abu-Dawud.
1115:978-3-406-44106-6
457:pyrotechnic stars
411:arsenic poisoning
313:
312:
288:hydrochloric acid
1407:
1395:Sulfide minerals
1356:
1348:
1346:"Stibnite"
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763:List of minerals
750:Xikuangshan Mine
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584:Xikuangshan mine
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485:Sunan Abi Dawood
369:
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286:Decomposed with
264:Specific gravity
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143:a = 11.229
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63:(repeating unit)
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324:sulfide mineral
301:Major varieties
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121:: (2/m 2/m 2/m)
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52:Sulfide mineral
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16:Sulfide mineral
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1343:, ed. (1911).
1341:Chisholm, Hugh
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480:ancient Egypt
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461:flash powders
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451:finds use in
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168:Crystal habit
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112:Crystal class
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1294:. Retrieved
1285:
1274:. Retrieved
1261:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1201:
1197:
1187:
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1142:. Retrieved
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1085:
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986:
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924:. Retrieved
920:
910:
899:, retrieved
890:
869:. Retrieved
864:
832:
797:
793:
783:
679:
668:
581:
553:arsenopyrite
525:hydrothermal
522:
508:
502:
493:
483:
477:
447:
421:Pastes of Sb
420:
400:
377:
344:orthorhombic
319:
315:
314:
306:Metastibnite
131:
105:Orthorhombic
588:paragenesis
561:stibiconite
276:Anisotropic
254:Diaphaneity
127:Space group
1364:Categories
1325:: 885–907.
1296:2009-06-06
1276:2007-05-27
1239:: 104344.
1068:3540404880
1035:040870537X
942:"Circular"
896:Mindat.org
858:"Stibnite"
775:References
660:California
636:Kalimantan
577:chalcedony
557:cervantite
519:Occurrence
437:is called
397:Properties
320:antimonite
294:References
282:Solubility
221:Mohs scale
119:H-M symbol
80:IMA symbol
824:235729616
768:Stibnides
642:. In the
549:marcasite
490:collyrium
374:Structure
348:metalloid
326:with the
248:Lead grey
139:Unit cell
1218:11618553
1077:56192440
1011:95067785
891:Stibnite
757:See also
648:Arkansas
569:ankerite
537:cinnabar
533:orpiment
351:antimony
316:Stibnite
238:Metallic
224:hardness
208:Tenacity
198:Fracture
188:Cleavage
178:Twinning
94:2.DB.05a
48:Category
29:Stibnite
1400:Glances
1241:Bibcode
1044:1031663
991:Bibcode
926:27 June
901:19 July
871:19 July
802:Bibcode
746:calcite
632:Algeria
628:England
616:Romania
612:Germany
592:calcite
565:calcite
529:realgar
367:stibium
328:formula
322:, is a
214:sectile
59:Formula
43:General
1216:
1144:5 July
1112:
1075:
1065:
1042:
1032:
1009:
822:
671:Romans
664:Alaska
662:, and
656:Nevada
640:Borneo
634:, and
624:France
600:Mexico
596:Canada
573:barite
545:pyrite
541:galena
494:ithmid
258:Opaque
244:Streak
234:Luster
1315:(PDF)
1007:S2CID
861:(PDF)
820:S2CID
675:Dacia
652:Idaho
620:Italy
608:Japan
590:with
469:flash
361:stibi
356:στίβι
159:Color
1214:PMID
1146:2023
1110:ISBN
1073:OCLC
1063:ISBN
1040:OCLC
1030:ISBN
928:2022
903:2022
873:2022
604:Peru
575:and
443:line
439:kohl
417:Uses
268:4.63
182:Rare
132:Pbnm
1249:doi
1206:doi
999:doi
966:doi
952:1–6
810:doi
666:.
84:Sbn
1366::
1349:.
1323:66
1321:.
1317:.
1269:.
1247:.
1237:53
1235:.
1212:.
1202:49
1200:.
1196:.
1161:.
1135:.
1124:^
1071:.
1038:.
1005:.
997:.
987:29
985:.
950:.
944:.
919:.
894:,
881:^
863:.
846:^
818:.
808:.
798:85
796:.
792:.
658:,
654:,
650:,
638:,
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626:,
622:,
618:,
614:,
610:,
606:,
602:,
598:,
579:.
571:,
567:,
563:,
559:,
555:,
551:,
547:,
543:,
539:,
535:,
531:,
515:.
500:"
475:.
413:.
380:As
331:Sb
67:Sb
1299:.
1279:.
1255:.
1251::
1243::
1220:.
1208::
1148:.
1118:.
1093:.
1079:.
1046:.
1013:.
1001::
993::
968::
930:.
875:.
840:.
826:.
812::
804::
498:'
435:3
433:S
431:2
427:3
425:S
423:2
407:3
405:S
403:2
391:7
387:3
385:S
383:2
340:3
337:S
334:2
228:2
145:Å
73:3
71:S
69:2
23:.
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