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They are medium to large birds with strong black or yellow black bills, large yellow eyes—which give them a reptilian appearance—and cryptic plumage. The names thick-knee and stone-curlew are both in common use. The term stone-curlew owes its origin to the broad similarities with true
288:, and are found throughout the tropical and temperate parts of the world, with two or more species occurring in some areas of Africa, Asia, and Australia. Despite the group being classified as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semiarid habitats.
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and other invertebrates. Larger species also take lizards and even small mammals. Most species are sedentary, but the
Eurasian stone-curlew is a summer
410:
They are largely nocturnal, particularly when singing their loud, wailing songs, which are reminiscent of true curlews. Their diet consists mainly of
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curlews. Thick-knee refers to the prominent joints in the long yellow or greenish legs and apparently originated with a name coined in 1776 for
1312:
723:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 112β113, 137, 247.
777:
926:"The unexpected survival of an ancient lineage of anseriform birds into the Neogene of Australia: the youngest record of Presbyornithidae"
869:
841:
1274:
107:
743:"Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes"
793:
Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S.T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020).
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of
Australia, was originally classified as a stone-curlew, but was subsequently argued to be a member of the extinct
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887:"The earliest European record of a Stone-curlew (Charadriiformes, Burhinidae) from the late Oligocene of France"
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Vanesa L. De Pietri; R. Paul
Scofield; Nikita Zelenkov; Walter E. Boles & Trevor H. Worthy (2016).
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The family
Burhinidae was introduced in 1912 for the stone-curlews by Australian ornithologist
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Worthy, Trevor H.; De Pietri, Vanesa L.; Scofield, R. Paul; Hand, Suzanne J. (2023-03-20).
795:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3β²-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
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975:"A new Eocene species of presbyornithid (Aves, Anseriformes) from Murgon, Australia"
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in the temperate
European part of its range, wintering in Africa.
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Harrison, Colin J.O. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
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373:, that belong to the sandpiper family Scolopacidae.
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363:. The stone-curlews are not closely related to the
343:studies have shown that the family Burhinidae is
885:Vanesa L. De Pietri; R. Paul Scofield (2014).
864:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 105β106.
8:
770:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
696:"A reference-list to the birds of Australia"
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284:, consist of 10 species within the family
257:
106:
20:
998:
949:
836:. Birds. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books.
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806:
351:containing the sheathbills in the family
772:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 81.
464:
426:The earliest definitive stone-curlew is
683:
855:
853:
749:. International Ornithologists' Union
7:
1163:5a3a0850-5639-4c18-908d-bb7c9fa23e18
300:. The family contains three genera:
462:, instead. The living species are:
14:
1308:Extant Cenozoic first appearances
747:IOC World Bird List Version 11.1
657:
638:
614:
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1036:on the Internet Bird Collection
862:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
799:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1:
1313:Taxa named by Gregory Mathews
1000:10.1080/03115518.2023.2184491
513:Hesperoburhinus superciliaris
337:meaning "nose" (or "bill").
1331:
930:Royal Society Open Science
768:Jobling, James A. (2010).
494:Hesperoburhinus bistriatus
903:10.1007/s10336-013-1022-8
489:Double-striped thick-knee
265:
256:
221:
216:
127:Scientific classification
125:
114:
105:
23:
832:Kochan, Jack B. (1994).
717:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
429:Genucrassum bransatensis
741:, eds. (January 2021).
891:Journal of Ornithology
808:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
341:Molecular phylogenetic
1262:Paleobiology Database
651:Esacus recurvirostris
589:Burhinus vermiculatus
570:Burhinus senegalensis
527:Eurasian stone-curlew
446:, described from the
388:Eurasian stone-curlew
1158:Fauna Europaea (new)
700:Novitates Zoologicae
991:2023Alch...47..416W
942:10.1098/rsos.150635
670:Esacus magnirostris
627:Burhinus grallarius
546:Indian stone-curlew
532:Burhinus oedicnemus
508:Peruvian thick-knee
402:are confused here.
120:Burhinus grallarius
1034:Thick-knees videos
737:; Donsker, David;
665:Beach stone-curlew
646:Great stone-curlew
603:Spotted thick-knee
565:Senegal thick-knee
359:in its own family
1290:
1289:
1249:Open Tree of Life
1046:Taxon identifiers
779:978-1-4081-2501-4
739:Rasmussen, Pamela
675:
674:
622:Bush stone-curlew
608:Burhinus capensis
357:Magellanic plover
329:meaning "ox" and
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116:Bush stone-curlew
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1228:NBNSYS0000159545
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692:Mathews, Gregory
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584:Water thick-knee
580:
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551:Burhinus indicus
542:
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465:
460:Presbyornithidae
390:. Obviously the
276:, also known as
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27:Temporal range:
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631:B. magnirostris
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303:Hesperoburhinus
298:Gregory Mathews
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226:Hesperoburhinus
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184:Charadriiformes
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1145:Fauna Europaea
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1028:External links
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985:(4): 416β430.
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434:Late Oligocene
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475:Binomial name
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452:Early Miocene
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384:B. oedicnemus
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324:Ancient Greek
322:combines the
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274:stone-curlews
266:modern range
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24:Stone-curlews
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1184:iNaturalist
1078:Wikispecies
801:(msaa191).
735:Gill, Frank
377:Description
318:. The name
282:thick-knees
248:Genucrassum
1303:Burhinidae
1297:Categories
1098:Burhinidae
1084:Burhinidae
1054:Burhinidae
678:References
629:(formerly
456:anseriform
398:) and the
286:Burhinidae
204:Burhinidae
190:Suborder:
1017:257679005
1009:0311-5518
432:from the
406:Behaviour
353:Chionidae
194:Charadrii
150:Kingdom:
144:Eukaryota
1063:Wikidata
960:26998335
911:17046070
694:(1912).
370:Numenius
367:, genus
355:and the
320:Burhinus
309:Burhinus
292:Taxonomy
233:Burhinus
200:Family:
164:Chordata
160:Phylum:
154:Animalia
140:Domain:
1069:Q145854
987:Bibcode
951:4785986
818:7783168
468:Picture
458:family
450:to the
422:Species
416:migrant
412:insects
365:curlews
278:dikkops
217:Genera
209:Mathews
180:Order:
170:Class:
35:Present
1280:196039
1254:261310
1215:176744
1202:101356
1015:
1007:
958:
948:
909:
868:
840:
815:
776:
753:29 May
443:Wilaru
438:France
386:, the
345:sister
335:rhinos
315:Esacus
240:Esacus
211:, 1912
1275:WoRMS
1267:39561
1241:85103
1197:IRMNG
1150:10778
1111:52509
1013:S2CID
907:S2CID
396:ankle
349:clade
347:to a
1236:NCBI
1210:ITIS
1189:4917
1176:9697
1171:GBIF
1137:8012
1106:BOLD
1005:ISSN
956:PMID
866:ISBN
838:ISBN
774:ISBN
755:2021
471:Name
400:knee
392:heel
331:rhis
327:bous
312:and
272:The
174:Aves
41:Preκ
1223:NBN
1132:EoL
1124:7GJ
1119:CoL
1093:AFD
995:doi
946:PMC
938:doi
899:doi
895:155
813:PMC
803:doi
633:).
436:of
280:or
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1003:.
993:.
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981:.
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893:.
889:.
852:^
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797:.
745:.
704:18
702:.
698:.
440:.
333:,
306:,
118:,
91:Pg
1019:.
997::
989::
962:.
940::
934:3
913:.
901::
874:.
846:.
821:.
805::
782:.
757:.
394:(
245:β
96:N
86:K
81:J
76:T
71:P
66:C
61:D
56:S
51:O
46:κ
33:β
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