1045:
1013:
997:
1029:
42:
644:
603:
982:
934:
86:
970:
421:
946:
61:
270:
958:
742:
580:
1044:
475:
ecoregion on
Krasnodar Krai (Russia) and the Crimea Peninsula; and the Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests ecoregion of the southern Balkan Peninsula in Greece. In many parts of northern Italy, large parks with pine trees were laid out by the sea. Examples are the Pineta of
905:
in
Portugal. Evidence of shoot blight and stem necrosis were found in stone pine orchards and urban areas in 2020. The edible pine nut production has been decreasing in the affected area due to several factors, including pests and diseases. The fungus was found on needles, shoots and trunks of
877:
was accidentally imported with timber to northern Italy in the late 1990s from western USA, and has spread across Europe as an invasive pest species since then. It feeds on the sap of developing conifer cones throughout its life, and its sap-sucking causes the developing seeds to wither and
615:
The flexible mid-green leaves are needle-like, in bundles of two, and are 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long (exceptionally up to 30 cm or 12 in). Young trees up to 5–10 years old bear juvenile leaves, which are very different, single (not paired), 2–4 cm
640: in) long, glaucous blue-green; the adult leaves appear mixed with juvenile leaves from the fourth or fifth year on, replacing it fully by around the tenth year. Juvenile leaves are also produced in regrowth following injury, such as a broken shoot, on older trees.
594:
tree that can exceed 25 metres (80 feet) in height, but 12–20 m (40–65 ft) is more typical. In youth, it is a bushy globe, in mid-age an umbrella canopy on a thick trunk, and, in maturity, a broad and flat crown over 8 m (26 ft) in width. The
1151:
Bonari, Gianmaria; Fernández-González, Federico; Çoban, Süleyman; Monteiro-Henriques, Tiago; Bergmeier, Erwin; Didukh, Yakiv P.; Xystrakis, Fotios; Angiolini, Claudia; Chytrý, Kryštof; Acosta, Alicia T.R.; Agrillo, Emiliano (January 2021). Ewald, Jörg (ed.).
1420:
1028:
532:
799:
regions of the world, and is now often found in gardens and parks in South Africa, California, and
Australia. It has naturalized beyond cities in South Africa to the extent that it is listed as an
725:
has been cultivated extensively for at least 6,000 years for its edible pine nuts, which have been trade items since early historic times. The tree has been cultivated throughout the
996:
448:
1437:
1012:
444:
535:
ecoregion in Turkey; and the
Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests ecoregion in Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and in the Palestinian Territories.
2346:
2558:
2411:
2635:
1552:
1433:
401:
1462:
2700:
563:
refugees who settled at the Cape of Good Hope during the late 17th century and who brought the seeds with them from France. The tree is known in the
2284:
701: in) wing that falls off very easily. The wing is ineffective for wind dispersal, and the seeds are animal-dispersed, originally mainly by the
1243:
2670:
2498:
2359:
2297:
472:
2519:
2447:
2660:
2655:
1492:
Silva, Ana
Cristina; Diogo, Eugénio; Henriques, Joana; Ramos, Ana Paula; Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo; Crous, Pedro W.; Bragança, Helena (2020).
933:
517:
at the southwest corner of the island. This is a half-mile-long dense stand of stone and Aleppo pines that lies between a lagoon and the
2645:
544:
651:
The cones are broad, ovoid, 8–15 cm (3–6 in) long, and take 36 months to mature, longer than any other pine. The seeds (
2222:
1599:
85:
2680:
803:
there. It is also planted in western Europe up to southern
Scotland, and on the East Coast of the United States up to New Jersey.
2690:
2429:
440:
2333:
2685:
2665:
2650:
2584:
2390:
1626:
2364:
2488:
957:
2675:
2398:
981:
969:
2545:
2147:
807:
681: in) long, and pale brown with a powdery black coating that rubs off easily, and have a rudimentary 4–8 mm (
363:
1344:
2589:
2532:
1466:
784:
452:
2695:
2416:
2385:
1748:
1470:
2705:
2452:
1776:
1753:
870:
850:
730:
2537:
487:
In Greece, although the species is not widely distributed, an extensive stone pine forest exists in western
428:
217:
41:
2253:
768:, were (and still are) embellished with lines of stone pines. Stone pines were planted on the hills of the
2248:
2162:
2090:
2051:
1848:
1035:
1003:
821:, and also grown in large pots and planters. The year-old seedlings are seasonally available as table-top
643:
20:
893:
2046:
1251:
811:
796:
367:
244:
2302:
1589:
2439:
2196:
2068:
1929:
1870:
1721:
1679:
1566:
1165:
945:
397:
324:
1974:
1854:
1674:
1581:
1394:
50:
1100:
922:
fungal species could represent a threat to the health of pine forests in the
Mediterranean basin.
2607:
2524:
2261:
2188:
1979:
1894:
1619:
1199:
80:
400:, in present-day Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. Its contemporary natural range is in the
2351:
602:
2473:
2170:
1875:
1743:
1701:
1662:
1369:
1296:
1191:
858:
509:
is outcompeting stone pines in many locations of the forest. Another location in Greece is at
495:. This coastal forest is at least 13 kilometres (8 miles) long, with dense and tall stands of
492:
201:
185:
2266:
2128:
1273:
2478:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1738:
1711:
1523:
1513:
1181:
1173:
1095:
800:
501:
2377:
2325:
420:
2460:
2028:
1919:
1899:
1841:
1826:
1706:
1689:
1667:
1570:
1125:
792:
560:
359:
348:
328:
2599:
1576:
1153:
2511:
2240:
1169:
2640:
2506:
1716:
1326:"NatureBank – Βιότοπος NATURA – SKIATHOS: KOUKOUNARIES KAI EVRYTERI THALASSIA PERIOCHI"
918:
912:
822:
780:
757:
702:
340:
110:
2563:
1328:[NatureBank – NATURA Habitat – SKIATHOS: KOUKOUNARIES AND WIDER MARINE AREA].
2629:
2372:
1961:
1924:
1914:
1612:
1203:
1086:
854:
846:
726:
596:
260:
70:
65:
1325:
1077:
2612:
2175:
1996:
1888:
1816:
1733:
1019:
883:
783:
period. In Italy, the stone pine has been an aesthetic landscape element since the
556:
510:
460:
344:
336:
320:
24:
2152:
2139:
1154:"Classification of the Mediterranean lowland to submontane pine forest vegetation"
2550:
2403:
2310:
2122:
1836:
1644:
1635:
761:
488:
269:
1546:
741:
2036:
1954:
1941:
1791:
988:
898:
878:
misdevelop. It has destroyed most of the pine nut seeds in Italy, threatening
765:
746:
518:
456:
123:
2227:
2113:
1558:
1218:
1195:
358:
since prehistoric times. They are widespread in horticultural cultivation as
2235:
2209:
2041:
1967:
1904:
1860:
1781:
1595:
1051:
1034:
The tree is among the symbols of Rome and its historic streets, such as the
769:
591:
588:
564:
432:
407:
2576:
579:
362:, planted in gardens and parks around the world. This plant has gained the
2465:
2571:
2424:
2107:
2058:
1986:
1882:
1728:
1696:
1684:
1528:
1186:
776:
652:
514:
355:
315:
163:
2276:
2289:
2183:
2073:
1821:
1806:
1801:
1177:
886:
481:
468:
464:
393:
153:
143:
133:
1551:− distribution map, genetic conservation units and related resources.
1518:
1493:
491:
at
Strofylia on the peninsula separating the Kalogria Lagoon from the
2315:
2063:
1909:
1865:
1811:
1796:
1786:
1771:
1054:
838:
818:
772:
477:
332:
2084:
599:
is thick, red-brown and deeply fissured into broad vertical plates.
2338:
2214:
1949:
1831:
1763:
1657:
1652:
834:
740:
706:
642:
578:
419:
404:
97:
753:
310:
173:
2201:
2088:
1608:
1057:
in
Istanbul for ornamental purposes during the Ottoman period.
533:
443:
ecoregion of the Iberian Peninsula in Spain and Portugal; the
1345:"Rome's Iconic Umbrella Pines Imperiled by Pests and the Ax"
1274:"GR098 Kalogria lagoon, Strofilia forest, and Lamia marshes"
559:
Province, the pines were according to legend planted by the
733:, and is often considered native beyond its natural range.
354:
Stone pines have been used and cultivated for their edible
1563:
1604:
1564:
efri.gov.tr: A case study on stone pine farms in Turkey
1426:: Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use
451:
ecoregion of southern Italy, Sicily, and Sardinia; the
1400:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 71
449:
Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests
2097:
2027:
1940:
1762:
1642:
547:ecoregion of North Africa, in Morocco and Algeria.
1419:Fady, B.; Finesch, S. & Vendramin, G. (2004),
1297:"Pinus halepensis invasion in Pinus pinea habitat"
841:extraction, and empty pine cone shells for fuel.
445:Italian sclerophyllous and semideciduous forests
376:is a diagnostic species of the vegetation class
845:is also currently widely cultivated around the
583:Stone pine in Brissago, on Lake Maggiore, Italy
392:included North Africa in the Sahara Desert and
1498:sp. nov., an Emerging Pathogen on Stone Pine (
939:Needles of a juvenile (left) and adult (right)
861:and protection of coastal agricultural crops.
339:millennia ago, and is also naturalized in the
1620:
1101:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42391A2977175.en
1050:Stone pines were planted on the hills of the
901:fungi), was found as an emerging pathogen on
8:
1553:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
1434:European Forest Genetic Resources Programme
402:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
2085:
1627:
1613:
1605:
756:. It was first planted in Rome during the
268:
59:
40:
31:
1527:
1517:
1185:
1099:
833:Other products of economic value include
752:The tree is among the current symbols of
601:
410:and countries, including the following:
1343:Povoledo, Elisabetta (13 August 2023).
1120:
1118:
1068:
963:Close-up of the bark's vertical texture
929:
473:Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
806:In the United Kingdom it has won the
7:
2590:d3d85cf7-d0bc-4160-8ea9-0de8046a0253
2440:7dacee5c-4143-4daa-a03f-57c9a1b23fb7
2636:IUCN Red List least concern species
1087:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
825:20–30 cm (8–12 in) tall.
779:for ornamental purposes during the
705:, but in recent history largely by
545:Mediterranean woodlands and forests
447:ecoregion in France and Italy; the
1600:University of California, Berkeley
335:. The species was introduced into
14:
1276:. Hellenic Ornithological Society
606:Bark of a stone pine, Pisa, Italy
513:on the northern Aegean island of
2701:Flora of the Mediterranean Basin
2538:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263221-1
1043:
1027:
1011:
995:
980:
968:
956:
944:
932:
84:
1304:Journal for Nature Conservation
729:region for so long that it has
2671:Trees of Mediterranean climate
975:Trunk and crown of mature tree
484:, the Urban Beach of Trieste.
1:
1132:. Royal Horticultural Society
817:Small specimens are used for
791:began being introduced as an
2661:Flora of Southwestern Europe
2656:Flora of Southeastern Europe
871:western conifer seed beetle
455:of the eastern coast of the
808:Royal Horticultural Society
398:a more humid climate period
364:Royal Horticultural Society
2724:
2646:Pinus taxa by common names
1467:Public Radio International
1158:Applied Vegetation Science
873:(Leptoglossus occidentalis
785:Italian Renaissance garden
453:Illyrian deciduous forests
18:
1395:"AGM Plants – Ornamental"
853:such as consolidation of
388:The prehistoric range of
276:
267:
250:
243:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2681:Plants described in 1753
2052:Queensland macadamia nut
1569:3 September 2011 at the
851:environmental protection
671:) are large, 2 cm (
299:Mediterranean stone pine
19:Not to be confused with
2691:Garden plants of Europe
1560:The Gymnosperm Database
1463:"Italy's pine nut pest"
1223:The Gymnosperm database
441:Iberian conifer forests
1849:Johnstone River almond
1461:PR (20 October 2010).
1217:Earle, Christopher J.
1036:Via dei Fori Imperiali
1004:Villa Borghese gardens
787:period. In the 1700s,
760:, where many historic
749:
648:
607:
584:
436:
21:Japanese umbrella-pine
2686:Garden plants of Asia
2666:Flora of Western Asia
2651:Edible nuts and seeds
1777:Australian cashew nut
1422:Italian stone pine −
1002:Adult stone pines at
812:Award of Garden Merit
797:Mediterranean climate
744:
646:
605:
582:
531:In Western Asia, the
423:
368:Award of Garden Merit
309:, is a tree from the
2676:Least concern plants
1330:filotis.itia.ntua.gr
1244:"Strofylia – Greece"
1094:: e.T42391A2977175.
587:The stone pine is a
429:Doñana National Park
325:Mediterranean region
293:, also known as the
16:Species of pine tree
1855:Irvingia gabonensis
1582:Plants for a Future
1496:Pestalotiopsis pini
1370:"RHS Plantfinder -
1170:2021AppVS..24E2544B
1076:Farjon, A. (2013).
894:Pestalotiopsis pini
51:Conservation status
2012:Single-leaf pinyon
1443:on 18 January 2017
1349:The New York Times
1295:Ganatsas, Petros.
1178:10.1111/avsc.12544
750:
649:
608:
585:
437:
378:Pinetea halepensis
295:Italian stone pine
2623:
2622:
2474:Open Tree of Life
2091:Taxon identifiers
2082:
2081:
1980:Monkey-puzzle nut
1842:Shellbark hickory
1827:Mockernut hickory
1787:Borneo tallow nut
1519:10.3390/f11080805
1473:on 13 August 2011
859:soil conservation
493:Mediterranean Sea
287:, botanical name
281:
280:
277:Distribution map
74:
2713:
2696:Ornamental trees
2616:
2615:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2455:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2404:NBNSYS0000042161
2394:
2393:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2367:
2355:
2354:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2306:
2305:
2293:
2292:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2256:
2244:
2243:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2217:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2143:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2086:
1837:Shagbark hickory
1739:Malabar chestnut
1629:
1622:
1615:
1606:
1598:photo database,
1586:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1521:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1469:. Archived from
1458:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1436:, archived from
1431:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1254:on 31 March 2012
1250:. Archived from
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1189:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1073:
1047:
1031:
1015:
999:
989:Via Appia Antica
984:
972:
960:
948:
936:
801:invasive species
747:Via Appia Antica
700:
699:
695:
690:
689:
685:
680:
679:
675:
639:
638:
634:
631:
625:
624:
620:
507:Pinus halepensis
502:Pinus halepensis
360:ornamental trees
272:
256:
206:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
25:Swiss stone pine
2723:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2706:Trees of Europe
2626:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2472:
2464:
2461:Observation.org
2459:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2322:
2314:
2309:
2301:
2296:
2288:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2265:
2260:
2252:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2221:
2213:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2161:
2159:
2151:
2146:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2093:
2083:
2078:
2023:
1997:Colorado pinyon
1936:
1758:
1638:
1633:
1575:
1571:Wayback Machine
1543:
1538:
1537:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1016:
1007:
1000:
991:
985:
976:
973:
964:
961:
952:
949:
940:
937:
928:
869:The introduced
867:
831:
823:Christmas trees
793:ornamental tree
739:
720:
715:
697:
693:
692:
687:
683:
682:
677:
673:
672:
636:
632:
629:
627:
622:
618:
617:
577:
561:French Huguenot
539:Northern Africa
414:Southern Europe
396:regions during
386:
349:New South Wales
329:Southern Europe
327:, occurring in
319:). The tree is
263:
258:
252:
239:
204:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:wfo-0000481895
2604:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2444:
2434:
2421:
2408:
2395:
2382:
2369:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2320:
2307:
2294:
2281:
2271:
2258:
2245:
2232:
2219:
2206:
2193:
2180:
2167:
2157:
2144:
2134:
2119:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2007:Mexican pinyon
2004:
1999:
1994:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1925:English walnut
1922:
1917:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1871:Planted karuka
1863:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1749:Red bopple nut
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1712:European hazel
1709:
1704:
1702:American hazel
1694:
1693:
1692:
1690:Sweet chestnut
1682:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1668:European beech
1665:
1663:American beech
1655:
1649:
1647:
1645:botanical nuts
1640:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1587:
1573:
1561:
1556:
1542:
1541:External links
1539:
1536:
1535:
1484:
1453:
1411:
1386:
1361:
1335:
1317:
1287:
1265:
1235:
1209:
1143:
1114:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1001:
994:
992:
986:
979:
977:
974:
967:
965:
962:
955:
953:
950:
943:
941:
938:
931:
927:
924:
919:Pestalotiopsis
913:Pinus pinaster
866:
863:
830:
827:
764:, such as the
758:Roman Republic
738:
735:
719:
716:
714:
711:
703:Iberian magpie
613:
612:
576:
573:
553:
552:
541:
540:
529:
528:
526:
418:
417:
415:
385:
382:
341:Canary Islands
279:
278:
274:
273:
265:
264:
259:
248:
247:
241:
240:
233:
231:
227:
226:
215:
211:
210:
199:
195:
194:
183:
179:
178:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2719:
2718:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Macadamia nut
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:Chilgoza pine
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1955:Burrawang nut
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Chilean hazel
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1754:Yellow walnut
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:"Pinus pinea"
1574:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1529:10400.5/20420
1525:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1412:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1362:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1224:
1220:
1219:"Pinus pinea"
1213:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1187:10400.5/21923
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1144:
1131:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1072:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1005:
998:
993:
990:
983:
978:
971:
966:
959:
954:
947:
942:
935:
930:
925:
923:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
904:
900:
896:
895:
890:
888:
885:
881:
876:
874:
864:
862:
860:
856:
855:coastal dunes
852:
848:
847:Mediterranean
844:
840:
836:
828:
826:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
743:
736:
734:
732:
728:
727:Mediterranean
724:
717:
712:
710:
708:
704:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
645:
641:
610:
609:
604:
600:
598:
593:
590:
581:
574:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
550:
549:
548:
546:
538:
537:
536:
534:
527:
524:
523:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:. Currently,
504:
503:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:Adriatic Seas
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
434:
430:
426:
422:
416:
413:
412:
411:
409:
406:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:
312:
308:
304:
303:umbrella pine
300:
296:
292:
291:
286:
275:
271:
266:
262:
257:
255:
249:
246:
245:Binomial name
242:
238:
237:
236:P. pinea
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
220:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
188:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:Tracheophytes
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
2098:
2059:Paradise nut
2016:
1966:
1915:Black walnut
1889:Panda oleosa
1887:
1853:
1707:Beaked hazel
1590:
1580:
1547:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:the original
1456:
1445:, retrieved
1438:the original
1425:
1421:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1371:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1303:
1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:the original
1247:
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:
1212:
1161:
1157:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1127:
1105:. Retrieved
1091:
1085:
1079:
1071:
1020:Villa Medici
917:
911:
910:and also on
907:
902:
897:(a genus of
892:
891:
879:
872:
868:
842:
832:
816:
805:
788:
751:
722:
721:
668:
664:
660:
656:
650:
614:
586:
568:
567:language as
557:Western Cape
554:
551:South Africa
542:
530:
525:Western Asia
511:Koukounaries
506:
500:
496:
486:
438:
424:
389:
387:
384:Distribution
377:
373:
372:
353:
345:South Africa
337:North Africa
314:
307:parasol pine
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
288:
284:
282:
253:
251:
235:
234:
222:
218:
214:Subsection:
202:
190:
186:
174:
124:Gymnospermae
117:
104:
29:
2512:kew-2562556
2499:pinus-pinea
2430:Pinus~pinea
2311:iNaturalist
2267:Pinus pinea
2129:Pinus pinea
2123:Wikispecies
2099:Pinus pinea
2069:Peanut tree
2029:Angiosperms
2002:Korean pine
1942:Gymnosperms
1876:Wild karuka
1722:Asian hazel
1591:Pinus pinea
1548:Pinus pinea
1500:Pinus pinea
1424:Pinus pinea
1372:Pinus pinea
1128:Pinus pinea
1107:6 September
1080:Pinus pinea
908:Pinus pinea
903:Pinus pinea
843:Pinus pinea
837:, bark for
762:Roman roads
731:naturalized
723:Pinus pinea
575:Description
499:mixed with
497:Pinus pinea
489:Peloponnese
425:Pinus pinea
390:Pinus pinea
374:Pinus pinea
290:Pinus pinea
254:Pinus pinea
35:Stone pine
2630:Categories
2507:Plant List
2160:Calflora:
2037:Brazil nut
2017:Stone pine
1962:Ginkgo nut
1792:Breadfruit
1555:(EUFORGEN)
1512:(8): 805.
1447:18 January
1306:. Elsevier
1063:References
899:ascomycete
737:Ornamental
589:coniferous
519:Aegean Sea
408:ecoregions
285:stone pine
182:Subgenus:
130:Division:
2254:242414086
2236:FloraBase
2042:Macadamia
1975:Bunya nut
1968:Araucaria
1920:Butternut
1905:Pistachio
1895:Pekea nut
1817:Gabon nut
1782:Betel nut
1734:Kurrajong
1680:Candlenut
1643:True, or
1596:CalPhotos
1354:14 August
1204:228839165
1196:1402-2001
1052:Bosphorus
987:Pines on
795:to other
770:Bosphorus
766:Via Appia
745:Pines on
653:pine nuts
592:evergreen
565:Afrikaans
433:Andalusia
356:pine nuts
230:Species:
221:subsect.
198:Section:
144:Pinopsida
134:Pinophyta
94:Kingdom:
2585:VicFlora
2577:24900667
2572:Tropicos
2425:NSWFlora
2352:10801679
2339:263221-1
2108:Wikidata
1987:Pine nut
1930:Heartnut
1900:Pili nut
1883:Mongongo
1861:Jack nut
1744:Palm nut
1729:Kola nut
1697:Hazelnut
1685:Chestnut
1675:Breadnut
1567:Archived
1404:25 April
1379:30 April
1018:Pine at
951:Seedling
887:habitats
880:P. pinea
789:P. pinea
777:Istanbul
569:kroonden
515:Skiathos
435:, Spain)
331:and the
316:Pinaceae
313:family (
223:Pinaster
164:Pinaceae
160:Family:
71:IUCN 3.1
2386:MoBotPF
2290:5285165
2184:Ecocrop
2114:Q106094
2074:Soybean
1822:Hickory
1807:Coconut
1717:Filbert
1594:in the
1506:Forests
1477:20 June
1310:23 July
1280:23 July
1258:23 July
1248:F:ACTS!
1228:23 July
1166:Bibcode
1136:23 July
926:Gallery
889:there.
882:in its
781:Ottoman
696:⁄
686:⁄
676:⁄
669:pignons
661:pinhões
657:piñones
635:⁄
621:⁄
611:Foliage
555:In the
482:Barcola
469:Croatia
465:Albania
394:Maghreb
323:to the
170:Genus:
154:Pinales
150:Order:
140:Class:
98:Plantae
69: (
2564:3475-6
2520:PLANTS
2479:568639
2466:138718
2437:NZOR:
2391:285030
2365:506604
2277:PINPIN
2274:FoIO:
2228:150613
2202:999491
2153:171468
2140:131128
2137:APDB:
2064:Peanut
1910:Walnut
1866:Karuka
1812:Durian
1797:Cashew
1772:Almond
1764:Drupes
1202:
1194:
1055:strait
1022:, Rome
1006:, Rome
884:native
839:tannin
819:bonsai
773:strait
707:humans
665:pinoli
478:Jesolo
471:; the
457:Ionian
333:Levant
321:native
189:subg.
2641:Pinus
2597:WoI:
2559:SANBI
2551:13122
2525:PIPI7
2496:PPE:
2486:PFI:
2448:NZPCN
2378:42391
2347:IRMNG
2323:IPA:
2316:63621
2303:28527
2262:FoAO2
2241:19075
2223:EUNIS
2215:PIUPN
2176:77KSK
1971:spp.
1950:Cycad
1832:Pecan
1658:Beech
1653:Acorn
1441:(PDF)
1430:(PDF)
1398:(PDF)
1300:(PDF)
1200:S2CID
1164:(1).
865:Pests
835:resin
829:Other
667:, or
405:biome
219:Pinus
207:Pinus
205:sect.
191:Pinus
175:Pinus
118:Clade
105:Clade
2533:POWO
2453:6655
2417:3346
2412:NCBI
2373:IUCN
2360:ITIS
2334:IPNI
2326:4529
2298:GRIN
2285:GBIF
2210:EPPO
2189:8647
2163:8669
2148:APNI
1636:Nuts
1502:L.)"
1479:2012
1449:2017
1406:2018
1381:2018
1356:2023
1312:2013
1282:2013
1260:2013
1230:2013
1192:ISSN
1138:2013
1109:2021
1092:2013
849:for
754:Rome
718:Food
647:Cone
597:bark
543:The
480:and
467:and
459:and
439:The
347:and
311:pine
305:and
283:The
2608:WFO
2600:286
2546:RHS
2489:164
2399:NBN
2249:FNA
2197:EoL
2171:CoL
1524:hdl
1514:doi
1182:hdl
1174:doi
1096:doi
810:'s
775:in
713:Use
463:in
366:'s
203:P.
23:or
2632::
2610::
2587::
2574::
2561::
2548::
2535::
2522::
2509::
2476::
2463::
2450::
2427::
2414::
2401::
2388::
2375::
2362::
2349::
2336::
2313::
2300::
2287::
2264::
2251::
2238::
2225::
2212::
2199::
2186::
2173::
2150::
2125::
2110::
1579:.
1522:.
1510:11
1508:.
1504:.
1465:.
1432:,
1347:.
1302:.
1246:.
1221:.
1198:.
1190:.
1180:.
1172:.
1162:24
1160:.
1156:.
1117:^
1090:.
1084:.
916:.
857:,
814:.
709:.
698:16
688:32
663:,
659:,
655:,
571:.
521:.
427:,
380:.
370:.
351:.
343:,
301:,
297:,
261:L.
187:P.
120::
107::
1628:e
1621:t
1614:v
1585:.
1532:.
1526::
1516::
1494:"
1481:.
1408:.
1383:.
1374:"
1358:.
1332:.
1314:.
1284:.
1262:.
1232:.
1206:.
1184::
1176::
1168::
1140:.
1130:"
1126:"
1111:.
1098::
1082:"
1078:"
1038:.
875:)
694:5
691:–
684:5
678:4
674:3
637:2
633:1
630:+
628:1
626:–
623:4
619:3
616:(
431:(
73:)
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
