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614:, although externally triggered strobe lights will often flash as frequently as possible. Studies have shown that the majority of people that are susceptible to the strobing effects can have symptoms, albeit rarely, at 15 Hz-70 Hz. Other studies have shown epileptic symptoms at the 15 Hz rate with over 90 seconds of continuous staring at a strobe light. Many
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flash duration as long as 5.6 ms (1/180 sec) at its highest output setting, or as short as 68 μs (1/14,814 sec) at its lowest output setting. Strobes with significantly shorter flash durations are commercially available, some with flash durations less than 1 μs. For example, the SPOT strobe by Prism
Science Works provides a flash duration of order 0.5 μs
264:
A strobe without a capacitor storage device simply discharges mains voltages across the tube once it's fired. This type of strobe requires no charging time and allows for much quicker flash rates, but drastically reduces the lifetime of the flash tube if powered for significant periods of time. Such
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The duration of a single flash depends on the particular strobe being used and its settings. Strobes for studio lighting often have a range of power settings. For a given strobe, higher light output corresponds to a longer flash duration. For example, the
Flashpoint Rapid 1200 HSS Monolight has a
439:
Special calibrated strobe lights, capable of flashing up to hundreds of times per second, are used in industry to stop the appearance of motion of rotating and other repetitively operating machinery and to measure, or adjust, the rotation speeds or cycle times. Since this stop is only apparent, a
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was founded by Harold E. Edgerton, Kenneth J. Germeshausen and
Herbert E. Grier in 1947 as Edgerton, Germeshausen and Grier, Inc. and today bears their initials. In 1931, Edgerton and Germeshausen had formed a partnership to study high-speed photographic and stroboscopic techniques and their
252:, an energy storage device much like a battery, but capable of charging and releasing energy much faster. In a capacitor-based strobe, the capacitor is charged up to around 300 V. Once the capacitor has been charged, to trigger the flash a small amount of power is diverted into a
260:
is created inside the tube, which acts as a path for the capacitor to discharge through, allowing the capacitor to quickly release its energy into the arc. The capacitor's energy rapidly heats the xenon gas, creating an extremely bright plasma discharge, which is seen as a flash.
590:. Within certain ranges, the apparent color can be controlled by the frequency of the flash. Effective stimuli frequencies go from 3 Hz upwards, with optimal frequencies of about 4–6 Hz. The colours are an illusion generated in the mind of the observer and not a real color. The
440:
marked point on the rotating body will either appear to move backward or forward, or not move, depending on the frequency of the strobe-flash. If the flash occurs equal to the period of rotation (or an even multiple, i.e. 2*π*n/ω, where n is an integer and ω the
284:
Some strobes even offer continuous mode of operation whereby the arc is sustained, providing extremely high intensity light, but usually only for small amounts of time to prevent overheating and eventual breakage of the flash tube.
444:), the marked point will appear to not move. Any non-integer flash setting will make the mark appear to move forward or backward, e.g. a slight increase of the flash frequency will make the point appear to move backward.
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Strobe lights are often used for aircraft anti-collision lighting both on aircraft themselves and also on tall stationary objects, such as television and radio towers. Other applications are in
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consist of a base, a LED or group of LEDs, and a cover. A solid state flash controller is located within the base, which allows the LED beacon to operate in a variety of flash patterns.
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in its weapons research and development after the war. This work for the
Commission provided the historic foundation to the Company's present-day technology base.
663:, an early device from 1813 that produced the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion.
566:'s lights engineer, Danny Williams, pioneered the use of multiple stroboscopes, slides and film projections simultaneously onstage during the 1966
467:. Strobe lighting has also been used to see the movements of the vocal cords in slow motion during speech, a procedure known as video-stroboscopy.
256:, a small transformer with a high turns ratio. This generates the weak but high-voltage spike required to ionize the xenon gas in a flash tube. An
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have occurred. Most strobe lights on sale to the public are factory-limited to about 10–12 Hz (10–12 flashes per second) in their internal
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These lenses come in a variant of colors, mainly clear, yellow, amber, red, blue, and green. The lens color can affect the intensity of light.
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made use of
Edgerton's discoveries to photograph atomic explosions; it was a natural evolution that the company would support the
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The strobe light was popularized on the club scene during the 1960s when it was used to reproduce and enhance the effects of
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405:. They are still widely used in law enforcement and other emergency vehicles, though they are slowly being replaced by
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applications. Grier joined them in 1934, and in 1947, EG&G was incorporated. During World War II, the government's
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Pilz J, Marre E (1993). "Pattern-induced flicker colors. An ophthalmologic examination method (Article in German)".
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Schramme J (1992). "Changes in pattern induced flicker colors are mediated by the blue/yellow opponent process".
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Rapid flashing of a stroboscopic light can give the illusion that white light is tinged with color, known as
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A strobe light flashing at the proper period can appear to freeze or reverse cyclical motion.
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720:"Flashpoint Rapid 1200 HSS R2 2.4GHz Monolight - Bowens Mount (Godox QT1200IIM) RAPID-1200B"
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light is emitted. The intensity of the light depends on the amount of electricity provided.
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A typical commercial strobe light has a flash energy in the region of 10 to 150
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574:'s request, Williams built an enhanced stroboscopic light show to be used at
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technology in this application, as they themselves largely replaced
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in schools, hospitals, stadiums, etc. strobe at a 1 Hz rate.
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for the study of moving objects, eventually resulting in dramatic
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Strobelights are often used to give an illusion of slow motion in
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is applied, the tube flashes and is magnified by the lens, and a
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333:. Strobe beacons are similar to rotating beacons, but are more
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used strobe lighting in coordination with the music of the
177:. It is one of a number of devices that can be used as a
840:
Journal of the South
Pacific Underwater Medicine Society
669:, discontinuity in motion pictures, also called strobing
351:
varieties. Gas strobe beacons consist of a gas-filled
37:"Strob" redirects here. For the fungicide class, see
692:
appears to rotate differently from its true rotation
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81:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
653:, an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a
491:The origin of strobe lighting dates to 1931, when
173:, is a device used to produce regular flashes of
447:A common use of a strobe flash is to optimize a
1078:
1047:. New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
846:(3). Archived from the original on 2009-05-19
495:employed a flashing lamp to make an improved
30:"Strobe" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
1041:Encyclopedia of Color Science and Technology
325:-getting device, either to warn of possible
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1085:
1071:
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675:, often also referred to as a strobe light
594:demonstrates the effect.
141:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Device producing regular flashes of light
711:
879:"URS Corporation - EG&G - History"
856:
602:Sometimes strobe lighting can trigger
503:of objects such as bullets in flight.
302:LED Strobe beacon on emergency vehicle
7:
240:Scientific explanation of flashtubes
79:adding citations to reliable sources
401:), and as high-visibility aircraft
417:as an emergency signaling device.
25:
537:Vacuum stroboscopic light sources
459:. The strobe-light tool for such
55:
1602:Parabolic aluminized reflector
1024::10.1016/0042-6989(92)90074-S.
763:"Flashing Strobe Beacon Patent"
212:The light source is commonly a
181:. The word originated from the
66:needs additional citations for
2128:Devices to alter consciousness
1547:Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide
1053:10.1007/978-3-642-27851-8_65-2
938:CL6x Stroboscopic light source
783:"Halogen Strobe Beacon Patent"
606:. Several public incidents of
413:lighting. Strobes are used by
198:), meaning "act of whirling".
1:
969:"The artificial spectrum top"
568:Exploding Plastic Inevitable
531:) were available as well as
493:Harold Eugene "Doc" Edgerton
248:with energy supplied from a
1792:Automotive light bulb types
1642:Intelligent street lighting
685:in cinematography which a
232:. To obtain colored light,
2144:
1555:Hydrargyrum quartz iodide
634:Emergency vehicle lighting
424:
403:collision avoidance lights
397:(most notably to simulate
388:emergency vehicle lighting
329:, or to attract potential
277:in the power supply line.
265:strobes require a form of
244:Strobe lights usually use
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43:
36:
29:
1994:Stage lighting instrument
1038:. Krantz, John H (2013).
863:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2055:Battlefield illumination
1812:high-intensity discharge
1244:Electrochemiluminescence
836:"Diver location devices"
823:LED Strobe Beacon Patent
645:Flicker fusion threshold
527:(light-output optimized
517:Atomic Energy Commission
44:Not to be confused with
1915:Electroluminescent wire
608:photosensitive epilepsy
535:-type, grid-controlled
313:is a flashing electric
228:of approximately 5,600
32:Strobe (disambiguation)
1597:Multifaceted reflector
700:high-speed photography
521:
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220:, which has a complex
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1987:ellipsoidal reflector
1592:Ellipsoidal reflector
1276:Fluorescent induction
1254:field-induced polymer
745:"Prism Science Works"
523:Internally triggered
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455:on the engine's main
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317:used in a variety of
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156:
2118:History of animation
1824:Rear position lights
1797:Daytime running lamp
1725:Mechanically powered
1612:Aviation obstruction
947:Tubedata.milbert.com
915:Tubedata.milbert.com
169:, commonly called a
75:improve this article
2113:Gas discharge lamps
1232:Electron-stimulated
967:Benham, CE (1894).
906:1D21/SN4 Strobotron
427:Stroboscopic effect
421:Stroboscopic effect
271:electrical breakers
254:trigger transformer
2123:1938 introductions
2075:Luminous gemstones
1249:Electroluminescent
1227:Cathodoluminescent
973:scholar.google.com
834:Davies, D (1998).
679:Wagon-wheel effect
673:Photographic flash
562:. In early 1966,
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341:Gas strobe beacons
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46:Strobelight (song)
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1457:Yablochkov candle
1325:Acetylene/Carbide
1295:Radioluminescence
1167:Luminous efficacy
1113:Color temperature
628:Electrotachyscope
513:Manhattan Project
442:angular frequency
226:color temperature
167:stroboscopic lamp
157:Blue Strobe light
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16:(Redirected from
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1900:Christmas lights
1834:Safety reflector
1829:Reversing lights
1764:Navigation light
1715:Bicycle lighting
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355:surrounded by a
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1759:Laser pointer
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1662:Pendant light
1660:
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1657:Neon lighting
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1532:Mercury-vapor
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1498:
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1486:
1483:
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1478:
1476:
1475:Deuterium arc
1473:
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1467:Gas discharge
1464:
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1172:Task lighting
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1128:Light fixture
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999:(2): 148–54.
998:
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993:Ophthalmologe
988:
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885:on 2007-07-05
884:
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830:
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810:iceweb.com.au
804:
803:"beacons.pdf"
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588:Fechner color
582:Fechner color
581:
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576:Fillmore West
573:
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556:Grateful Dead
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384:alarm systems
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275:voltage drops
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236:may be used.
235:
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183:Ancient Greek
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109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92: –
91:
87:
86:Find sources:
80:
76:
70:
69:
64:This article
62:
58:
53:
52:
47:
40:
33:
19:
18:Strobe lights
1935:Strobe light
1934:
1930:Plasma globe
1905:Crackle tube
1895:Bubble light
1856:trafficators
1851:Turn signals
1677:Street light
1632:Gas lighting
1565:Sodium vapor
1537:Metal-halide
1439:Electric arc
1191:Incandescent
1160:Edison screw
1040:
1033:
1017:
1013:
1008:
996:
992:
987:
976:. Retrieved
972:
962:
950:. Retrieved
946:
937:
930:
918:. Retrieved
914:
905:
898:
887:. Retrieved
883:the original
873:
859:cite journal
848:. Retrieved
843:
839:
829:
818:
809:
797:
786:
777:
766:
757:
748:
739:
727:. Retrieved
723:
714:
601:
592:Benham's top
585:
545:
536:
524:
522:
506:
490:
474:
465:timing light
463:is called a
446:
438:
415:scuba divers
381:
373:
372:
369:
340:
339:
307:
305:
289:Applications
283:
279:
263:
243:
234:colored gels
217:
211:
200:
193:
191:
170:
166:
163:strobe light
162:
160:
137:
131:January 2008
128:
118:
111:
104:
97:
85:
73:Please help
68:verification
65:
2080:Signal lamp
2034:Stroboscope
1910:DJ lighting
1846:Stop lights
1817:sealed beam
1769:Searchlight
1509:Xenon flash
1452:Klieg light
1300:Solid-state
1261:Fluorescent
1219:Luminescent
940:data sheet"
936:"Ferranti:
908:data sheet"
904:"Sylvania:
724:Adorama.com
616:fire alarms
612:oscillators
572:Bill Graham
564:Andy Warhol
558:during his
525:Strobotrons
501:photographs
497:stroboscope
361:electricity
273:or causing
179:stroboscope
2107:Categories
2024:Grow light
2019:Germicidal
2009:Scientific
2006:Industrial
1962:Floodlight
1948:Theatrical
1890:Blacklight
1885:Aroma lamp
1874:Decorative
1784:Automotive
1774:Solar lamp
1737:Glow stick
1720:Flashlight
1652:Nightlight
1647:Light tube
1622:Chandelier
1579:Stationary
1521:discharge
1447:Carbon arc
1317:Combustion
1183:generation
1181:Methods of
978:2021-07-31
889:2007-05-07
850:2009-04-02
706:References
651:Tachometer
560:Acid Tests
539:with fast
529:thyratrons
477:nightclubs
449:car engine
392:theatrical
365:360 degree
319:industries
246:flashtubes
101:newspapers
2090:Reflected
2070:Light art
1982:Spotlight
1967:Footlight
1952:Cinematic
1920:Lava lamp
1682:in the US
1587:Reflector
1504:Xenon arc
1485:Neon lamp
1414:Rushlight
1394:Limelight
1143:Hong Kong
667:Jerkiness
552:Ken Kesey
541:phosphors
399:lightning
331:customers
323:attention
250:capacitor
218:flashtube
207:kilowatts
1802:Headlamp
1742:Headlamp
1730:Tactical
1708:Portable
1689:Torchère
1370:Petromax
1365:Kerosene
1335:Campfire
1305:LED lamp
1101:Concepts
1094:Lighting
1028:1304090.
1003:8490297.
729:19 April
661:Zoetrope
657:or disk,
622:See also
604:seizures
598:Seizures
508:EG&G
453:flywheel
395:lighting
343:include
222:spectrum
2085:Sources
2039:Tanning
1925:Marquee
1870:Display
1754:Lantern
1747:outdoor
1699:Troffer
1542:ceramic
1399:Luchina
1377:Lantern
1270:compact
1268: (
1204:Halogen
1199:Regular
952:15 June
920:15 June
550:trips.
487:History
411:halogen
359:. When
349:halogen
327:hazards
308:strobe
230:kelvins
194:stróbos
187:στρόβος
115:scholar
1807:hidden
1672:Sconce
1497:Sulfur
1492:Plasma
1424:Tilley
1419:Safety
1382:Fanous
1345:Carcel
1340:Candle
1330:Argand
1209:Nernst
1138:Hawaii
687:spoked
681:, an
321:as an
310:beacon
224:and a
203:joules
171:strobe
117:
110:
103:
96:
88:
2065:Laser
1977:Scoop
1604:(PAR)
1557:(HQI)
1549:(HMI)
1523:(HID)
1429:Torch
1387:Paper
1355:Flare
1123:Glare
1045:(PDF)
943:(PDF)
911:(PDF)
806:(PDF)
690:wheel
655:shaft
481:raves
471:Other
216:, or
175:light
122:JSTOR
108:books
1972:Gobo
1480:Neon
1350:Diya
1026:PMID
1001:PMID
954:2013
922:2013
865:link
731:2022
479:and
457:axle
357:lens
353:tube
347:and
315:lamp
94:news
1409:Oil
1360:Gas
1049:doi
1022:doi
548:LSD
407:LED
375:LED
258:arc
165:or
77:by
2109::
1018:32
1016:.
997:90
995:.
971:.
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861:}}
857:{{
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791:.
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751:.
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190:(
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138:(
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129:(
119:·
112:·
105:·
98:·
71:.
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41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
