2134:
glyphs) of
Chinese characters should be sufficiently differentiated from each other, and to be easy to write, the characters should be relatively simple. The former condition requires the number of strokes of a character not to be too small, while the latter condition requires the number of strokes not to be too large. Under the action of these two forces, the normal distribution is formed.
2148:
reference book compilation, the categories are usually relatively small; from the perspective of calligraphy art and glyph design, there are much more. For example, stroke "shu (丨)" can be further divided into "long shu", "short shu", and "hanging needle shu", etc., and "pie (丿)" can be divided into "flat pie", "slant pie", and "vertical pie".
2125:
Everybody knows that the average number of strokes per character of the simplified
Chinese writing system is less than the traditional writing system, but is not likely to know how much less it is. And the data from the first two tables present a very useful reference: "9.7409 : 12.186" strokes
2147:
may also refer to the number of different strokes in the
Chinese character writing system, or the number of stroke types in a stroke table. How many types of strokes are there in Chinese characters? Scholars’ opinions are not entirely consistent. For example, for the purpose of Chinese teaching and
2129:
According to the data of the second and third tables, the average number of strokes of the 3,500 frequently-used characters is 9.74, and the average number of strokes of the 7.000 commonly-used characters (a super set of the 3,500 characters) is 10.75. That means generally speaking, frequently-used
2133:
The numbers of characters for each number of strokes are in normal distribution, i.e., high in the middle and gradually low in both sides, with the peak numbers of characters ranging between 9 and 12 strokes in the five tables. Here is an explanation: To be easy to read or recognize, the forms (or
63:
Stroke numbers vary dramatically, for example, characters "丶", "一" and "乙" have only one stroke, while character "齉" has 36 strokes, and "龘" (three 龍s, dragons) 48 strokes. The
Chinese character with the most strokes in the entire Unicode character set is "𪚥" (four 龍s) of 64 strokes.
1682:
is an international standard character set issued by ISO and
Unicode, the same character set of the Chinese national standard 13000.1. There are 20,902 Chinese characters, including simplified and traditional characters from China, Japan and Korea (CJK).
204:
Some characters or components have the same shape in the China
Mainland and Taiwan, but the numbers of strokes are different, such as "之 (Mainland China: ㇔㇇㇏, 3 strokes), 之 (Taiwan: ㇔㇀㇓㇏ 4)", "阝 (M: ㇌㇑, 2), 阝 (T: ㇇㇢㇑, 3)”.
72:
There are effective methods to count the strokes of a
Chinese character correctly. First of all, stroke counting is to be carried out on the standard regular form (楷體, 楷体) of the character, and according to its
1670:
The stroke numbers of characters range from 1 to 36 strokes. The 12-strokes group has the most characters, taking 9.505% of the character set. On the average, there are 12.7061 strokes per character.
2690:(Lecture notes of the subject "Modern Chinese Characters and Information Technology", Dept of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnical University, by Dr. Zhang Xiaoheng, June 12, 2017.)
2113:
The stroke numbers of characters range from 1 to 48 strokes. The 12-strokes group has the most characters, taking 9.358% of the character set. On the average, there are 12.845 strokes per character.
591:
The stroke numbers of characters range from 1 to 32 strokes. The 11-strokes group has the most characters, taking 9.297% of the character set. On the average, there are 12.186 strokes per character.
1237:
The stroke numbers of characters range from 1 to 36 strokes. The 9-strokes group has the most characters, taking 11.21% of the character set. On the average, there are 10.75 strokes per character.
60:. It may also refer to the number of different strokes in a Chinese character set. Stroke number plays an important role in Chinese character sorting, teaching and computer information processing.
890:
The stroke numbers of characters range from 1 to 24 strokes. The 9-strokes characters are the most, taking 11.857% of the character set. On the average, there are 9.7409 strokes per character.
2761:
2156:
Current national standards such as "Stroke Orders of
Commonly-used Standard Chinese Characters" and many reference books published in China mainland have adopted the five categories of
902:(现代汉语通用字表) is also a standard character set issued by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. There are 7,000 characters, including the 3,500 characters in the
216:
In the following, there are several tables of statistical data illustrating the distributions of
Chinese characters among all stroke numbers of some representative character sets.
224:
77:, e.g., by writing the character stroke by stroke (in one's mind). On the same stroke, the tip of the pen can only move along a path once, not allowed to go back. Strokes "㇐" (
101:, 捺) are written from top to bottom. And if needed, a standard list of strokes or list of stroke orders issued by the authoritative institution should be consulted.
108:
If the two strokes are connected in the upper left corner of a character or component, then separate them into two strokes, such as: 厂 (stroke order: ㇐㇓), 口 (
2753:
2702:
104:
If two strokes are connected at the endpoints, whether they are separated into two strokes or linked into one stroke can be judged by the following rules:
2211:
Because the character "永" (yǒng, forever) happens to contain strokes similar to these eight types of stroke forms, this classification is also called the "
2126:
per character is the ratio between the two standard frequently-used character sets of China mainland (simplified
Chinese) and Taiwan (traditional Chinese).
2162:
and stipulate the heng-shu-pie-dian-zhe order. In Hong Kong, Taiwan and some other places, people also use the order of dian-heng-shu-pie-zhe (
201:
An important prerequisite for connecting two strokes into one is: the tail of the first stroke is connected with the head of the second stroke.
603:(现代汉语常用字表) is a standard character set of 3,500 characters issued by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 26 Jan 1988.
2964:
2942:
2636:
2608:
2572:
134:
If they are connected in the lower left corner, then if it is a fully enclosed structure, then count as two separated strokes, such as: 口 (
2799:
208:
The number of strokes of some characters are easy to be mis-counted, such as 凹 (㇑㇅㇑㇕㇐, 5 strokes), 凸 (㇑㇐㇑㇎㇐, 5), 鼎(㇑㇕㇐㇐㇐㇞㇐㇓㇑㇐㇑㇕, 12).
2905:
2840:
2735:
35:
1245:
The following statistic data comes from an experiment conducted on all the 16,339 traditional and simplified characters of
2478:
27:
2230:
2587:
2750:
2699:
2223:
The Unicode CJK strokes list has 37 types of strokes, including the newly-added character subtraction at the end:
2514:
2504:
2492:
608:
Numbers of strokes and their numbers of characters in the "List of Frequently-Used Characters in Modern Chinese"
227:(常用國字標準字體表) is a standard character set of 4,808 characters issued by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan (ROC).
53:
2212:
911:
Numbers of strokes and their numbers of characters in the "List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese"
2827:
2829:
GB13000.1字符集汉字字序(笔画序)规范 (Standard of GB13000.1 Character Set Chinese Character Order (Stroke-Based Order))
2666:"A Mainland-Taiwan Comparative Study on Standard Stroke Orders of Chinese Characters (兩岸漢字規範筆順比較)"
2509:
1688:
Numbers of strokes and their numbers of characters in the "Unicode Basic CJK Unified Ideographs"
2938:
2901:
2836:
2795:
2731:
2632:
2604:
2568:
2121:
From the data of the previous tables, some valuable cross-table characteristics can be found:
57:
2629:常用國字標準字體筆順手册 (Handbook of the Stroke Orders of the Commonly-Used National Chinese Characters)
2757:
2706:
2665:
232:
Numbers of strokes and their numbers of characters in the "Common National Characters"
2958:
2730:] (in Chinese). Beijing: 商务印书馆 (The Commercial Press, Shangwu). pp. 20–21.
2491:
For more details about Chinese character stroke types and stroke tables, please see
2794:] (in Chinese) (3rd ed.). Guangzhou: 广东教育出版社 (Guangdong Education Press).
74:
2588:
https://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=2A6A5&useutf8=true
2567:(in Chinese) (3rd ed.). Beijing: 商务印书馆 (Commercial Press). pp. 74–75.
177:
If they are connected in the lower right corner, then two strokes, such as: 口 (㇑
2814:
2728:
Characteristic Analysis and Computational Research on Modern Chinese Characters
2235:
119:
If they are connected in the upper right corner, then one stroke, such as: 口 (㇑
2174:
In this classification, Chinese strokes are divided into eight categories:
2709:, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, 26 January 1988.
2601:通用规范汉字笔顺规范 (Stroke Orders of the Commonly-used Standard Chinese Characters)
2440:
162:); if it is not fully enclosed, then count as one stroke, such as: 山 (㇑
43:
2130:
characters have less strokes than less frequently-used characters.
1264:
1246:
2627:
Taiwan, 國語推行委員會 (National Language Promotion Committee) (1996).
2159:
heng (横, 一), shu (竖, 丨), pie (撇, 丿), dian (点, 丶), zhe (折, 𠃍),
2933:
Zhang, Xiaoheng (张小衡); Li, Xiaotong (李笑通); et al. (2013).
595:
List of Frequently Used Characters in Modern Chinese (Mainland)
220:
Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters (Taiwan)
894:
List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese (Mainland)
2826:
National Language Commission of China (October 1, 1999).
2762:
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
1262:
Numbers of strokes and their numbers of characters in
85:, 提) are written from left to right, and strokes "㇑" (
225:
Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters
904:
List of Frequently Used Characters in Modern Chinese
601:
List of Frequently Used Characters in Modern Chinese
2937:(in Chinese). Beijing: 语文出版社 (The Language Press).
900:List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese
2565:现代汉字学纲要 (Essentials of Modern Chinese Characters)
2900:(in Chinese). Hong Kong: 和平圖書有限公司. p. 24.
2935:一二三笔顺检字手册 (Handbook of the YES Sorting Method)
2477:The YES Stroke Alphabet, which is employed by
2407:
2631:(in Chinese). Taipei: Ministry of Education.
2603:(in Chinese). Beijing: the Commercial Press.
2542:exceptions: 馬; 巨(Taiwan: 12511；Mainland：1515)
2404:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2325:
2322:
8:
2868:Fei, Jinchang. (費錦昌) (1997). "現代漢字筆劃規範芻議".
2815:https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U4E00.pdf
2464:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
2419:
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2599:PRC, National Language Commission (2021).
2413:
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2225:
2835:(in Chinese). Shanghai Education Press.
1685:
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229:
16:Number of strokes of a Chinese character
2673:Newsletter of Chinese Language (中國語文通訊)
2555:
2526:
2236:Official Unicode Consortium code chart
2717:
2715:
2664:Zhang, X. (and Cheung W. K) (2013b).
2493:Chinese character strokes#Stroke form
7:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2622:
2620:
1680:Unicode Basic CJK Unified Ideographs
1674:Unicode Basic CJK Unified Ideographs
2882:
2488:㇀ ㇑ ㇗ ㇞ ㇉ ㄣ ㇙ ㇄ ㇟ ㇚ ㇓ ㇜ ㇛ ㇢ ㇔ ㇏ ㇂.
2920:
2855:
2773:
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14:
2792:Chinese Information Processing
2485:
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2163:
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48:
39:
31:
1:
2479:YES stroke alphabetical order
2965:Chinese character components
2896:Wang, Ning (王寧，鄒曉麗) (2003).
2722:Xing, Hongbing 邢红兵 (2007).
2533:exceptions: 惯, 實, 母, 马, 鸟, 乌
2400:
2347:
2294:
2563:Su, Peicheng (苏培成) (2014).
2481:, is a list of 30 strokes:
2981:
2456:As of Unicode version 16.0
2445:
2228:
212:Distribution of characters
2515:Modern Chinese characters
2505:Chinese character strokes
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2787:
2786:Fu, Yonghe 傅永和 (1999).
2723:
2484:㇐ ㇕ ㇅ ㇎ ㇡ ㇋ ㇊ ㇍ ㇈ ㇆ ㇇ ㇌
2401:
2348:
2295:
2213:Eight Principles of Yong
2675:. 92 (2013) (1): 17–26.
2898:工具書 (Reference Books)
52:), is the number of
2473:YES stroke alphabet
2219:Unicode CJK strokes
1690:
1269:
913:
610:
234:
36:traditional Chinese
2756:2016-11-23 at the
2705:2016-11-13 at the
2510:Chinese characters
1686:
1260:
909:
606:
230:
28:simplified Chinese
2944:978-7-80241-670-3
2654:, pp. 75–76.
2638:978-9-57-090664-6
2610:978-7-100-19347-4
2574:978-7-100-10440-1
2470:
2469:
2111:
2110:
1668:
1667:
1235:
1234:
888:
887:
589:
588:
170:), 葛 (㇐㇑㇑㇑㇕㇐㇐㇓㇆㇓㇔
58:Chinese character
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68:Stroke counting
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2764:, 26 Jan 1988.
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1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
990:
987:
984:
980:
979:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
962:
958:
957:
954:
951:
947:
946:
943:
940:
936:
935:
932:
929:
925:
924:
921:
918:
895:
892:
886:
885:
882:
879:
875:
874:
871:
868:
864:
863:
860:
857:
853:
852:
849:
846:
842:
841:
838:
835:
831:
830:
827:
824:
820:
819:
816:
813:
809:
808:
805:
802:
798:
797:
794:
791:
787:
786:
783:
780:
776:
775:
772:
769:
765:
764:
761:
758:
754:
753:
750:
747:
743:
742:
739:
736:
732:
731:
728:
725:
721:
720:
717:
714:
710:
709:
706:
703:
699:
698:
695:
692:
688:
687:
684:
681:
677:
676:
673:
670:
666:
665:
662:
659:
655:
654:
651:
648:
644:
643:
640:
637:
633:
632:
629:
626:
622:
621:
618:
615:
596:
593:
587:
586:
583:
580:
576:
575:
572:
569:
565:
564:
561:
558:
554:
553:
550:
547:
543:
542:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
525:
521:
520:
517:
514:
510:
509:
506:
503:
499:
498:
495:
492:
488:
487:
484:
481:
477:
476:
473:
470:
466:
465:
462:
459:
455:
454:
451:
448:
444:
443:
440:
437:
433:
432:
429:
426:
422:
421:
418:
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411:
410:
407:
404:
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396:
393:
389:
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385:
382:
378:
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371:
367:
366:
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356:
355:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
338:
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330:
327:
323:
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319:
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312:
311:
308:
305:
301:
300:
297:
294:
290:
289:
286:
283:
279:
278:
275:
272:
268:
267:
264:
261:
257:
256:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
239:
221:
218:
213:
210:
199:
198:
175:
132:
117:
97:, 点) and "㇏" (
81:, 横) and "㇀" (
69:
66:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2977:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2946:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2923:, p. 79.
2922:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2907:962-238-363-7
2903:
2899:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2876:
2872:. (1997) (2).
2871:
2864:
2861:
2858:, p. 77.
2857:
2852:
2849:
2844:
2842:7-5320-6674-6
2838:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2782:
2779:
2776:, p. 76.
2775:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2737:7-100-05310-2
2733:
2729:
2724:现代汉字特征分析与计算研究
2718:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2556:
2549:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:stroke number
2138:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
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1886:
1883:
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1861:
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1404:
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1311:
1308:
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1304:
1300:
1297:
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1272:
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1268:
1267:
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1258:
1248:
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1227:
1224:
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1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
959:
955:
952:
949:
948:
944:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
926:
922:
919:
916:
915:
912:
907:
905:
901:
893:
891:
883:
880:
877:
876:
872:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
855:
854:
850:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
833:
832:
828:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
811:
810:
806:
803:
800:
799:
795:
792:
789:
788:
784:
781:
778:
777:
773:
770:
767:
766:
762:
759:
756:
755:
751:
748:
745:
744:
740:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
722:
718:
715:
712:
711:
707:
704:
701:
700:
696:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
668:
667:
663:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
646:
645:
641:
638:
635:
634:
630:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
613:
612:
609:
604:
602:
594:
592:
584:
581:
578:
577:
573:
570:
567:
566:
562:
559:
556:
555:
551:
548:
545:
544:
540:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
523:
522:
518:
515:
512:
511:
507:
504:
501:
500:
496:
493:
490:
489:
485:
482:
479:
478:
474:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
457:
456:
452:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
435:
434:
430:
427:
424:
423:
419:
416:
413:
412:
408:
405:
402:
401:
397:
394:
391:
390:
386:
383:
380:
379:
375:
372:
369:
368:
364:
361:
358:
357:
353:
350:
347:
346:
342:
339:
336:
335:
331:
328:
325:
324:
320:
317:
314:
313:
309:
306:
303:
302:
298:
295:
292:
291:
287:
284:
281:
280:
276:
273:
270:
269:
265:
262:
259:
258:
254:
251:
248:
247:
243:
240:
237:
236:
233:
228:
226:
219:
217:
211:
209:
206:
202:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
106:
105:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
67:
65:
61:
59:
55:
51:
45:
37:
29:
25:
21:
20:Stroke number
2934:
2928:
2916:
2897:
2890:
2878:
2869:
2863:
2851:
2828:
2821:
2810:
2791:
2781:
2769:
2746:
2727:
2695:
2672:
2659:
2647:
2628:
2600:
2594:
2583:
2564:
2558:
2538:
2529:
2490:
2476:
2461:
2453:
2446:
2229:
2222:
2210:
2173:
2161:
2155:
2144:
2142:
2139:Stroke types
2120:
2112:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1263:
1261:
1244:
1236:
910:
903:
899:
897:
889:
607:
600:
598:
590:
231:
223:
215:
207:
203:
200:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
128:
124:
120:
113:
109:
103:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:stroke order
71:
62:
47:
24:stroke count
23:
19:
18:
2231:CJK Strokes
2194:dian (点, ㇔)
2178:heng (横, ㇐)
2170:Eight types
1697:characters
1276:characters
920:characters
617:characters
241:characters
93:, 撇), "㇔" (
89:, 竖), "㇓" (
2550:References
2206:gou (钩, ㇆)
2202:zhe (折, ㇕)
2190:pie (撇, ㇓)
2186:shu (竖, ㇑)
2152:Five types
2143:Ther term
166:㇑), 区 (㇐㇓㇔
112:㇐) and 日 (
2198:na (捺, ㇏)
2182:ti (提, ㇀)
1257:, 1979).
127:㇐㇐), 句 (㇓
49:bǐhuà shù
2959:Category
2883:PRC 2021
2754:Archived
2751:现代汉语通用字表
2703:Archived
2700:现代汉语常用字表
2499:See also
1694:strokes
1273:strokes
917:strokes
614:strokes
238:strokes
123:㇐), 月 (㇓
2921:Su 2014
2856:Su 2014
2774:Su 2014
2652:Su 2014
2402:U+31Ex
2349:U+31Dx
2296:U+31Cx
741:10.000
730:11.171
719:11.857
708:11.657
189:), 田 (㇑
181:), 回 (㇑
54:strokes
2941:
2904:
2870:世界漢語教學
2839:
2798:
2788:中文信息处理
2734:
2635:
2607:
2571:
2243:
2238:(PDF)
2107:0.005
2096:0.005
2085:0.005
2074:0.005
2063:0.019
2052:0.014
2041:0.005
2030:0.048
2019:0.048
2008:0.129
1997:0.206
1986:0.230
1975:0.397
1964:0.727
1953:0.942
1942:1.311
1931:1.674
1920:2.397
1909:3.311
1898:3.689
1887:4.842
1876:6.181
1865:7.253
1854:7.511
1843:8.329
1832:9.358
1821:8.894
1810:8.176
1799:7.373
1788:6.220
1777:4.622
1766:2.789
1755:1.584
1744:0.976
1733:0.469
1722:0.211
1711:0.048
1664:0.006
1653:0.006
1642:0.012
1631:0.012
1620:0.006
1609:0.037
1598:0.049
1587:0.092
1576:0.171
1565:0.220
1554:0.398
1543:0.747
1532:0.973
1521:1.273
1510:1.610
1499:2.265
1488:3.054
1477:3.482
1466:4.823
1455:5.882
1444:6.928
1433:7.283
1422:8.354
1411:9.505
1400:8.893
1389:8.391
1378:7.810
1367:6.634
1356:5.049
1345:2.828
1334:1.597
1323:0.998
1312:0.453
1301:0.141
1290:0.018
1231:0.015
1220:0.015
1209:0.015
1198:0.085
1044:10.38
1033:10.87
1022:11.21
884:0.029
873:0.029
862:0.114
851:0.171
840:0.429
829:0.571
818:0.457
807:1.457
796:2.229
785:3.600
774:4.000
763:6.629
752:9.143
697:9.743
686:7.143
675:4.314
664:3.229
653:1.429
642:0.543
631:0.057
585:0.021
574:0.021
563:0.062
552:0.062
541:0.166
530:0.104
519:0.250
508:0.645
497:0.666
486:1.061
475:1.373
464:1.768
453:2.537
442:3.016
431:4.804
420:5.324
409:7.092
398:7.113
387:8.299
376:8.881
365:9.297
354:8.403
343:7.404
332:7.300
321:5.324
310:3.307
299:2.600
288:1.893
277:0.811
266:0.354
255:0.042
154:), 田 (
142:), 回 (
46::
44:pinyin
38::
30::
2833:(PDF)
2790:[
2726:[
2669:(PDF)
2521:Notes
2447:Notes
2164:點橫豎撇折
1884:1012
1873:1292
1862:1516
1851:1570
1840:1741
1829:1956
1818:1859
1807:1709
1796:1541
1785:1300
1441:1132
1430:1190
1419:1365
1408:1553
1397:1453
1386:1371
1375:1276
1364:1084
1265:Cihai
1247:Cihai
1241:Cihai
1187:0.11
1176:0.17
1165:0.31
1154:0.41
1143:0.67
1132:1.16
1121:1.29
1110:2.64
1099:3.94
1088:4.73
1077:5.88
1066:7.84
1055:9.68
1011:9.86
1000:7.79
989:4.94
978:2.87
967:2.00
956:0.84
945:0.30
934:0.03
131:㇑㇕㇐).
56:of a
22:, or
2939:ISBN
2902:ISBN
2837:ISBN
2796:ISBN
2732:ISBN
2633:ISBN
2605:ISBN
2569:ISBN
1961:152
1950:197
1939:274
1928:350
1917:501
1906:692
1895:771
1774:966
1763:583
1752:331
1741:204
1678:The
1540:122
1529:159
1518:208
1507:263
1496:370
1485:499
1474:569
1463:788
1452:961
1353:825
1342:462
1331:216
1320:163
1107:185
1096:276
1085:331
1074:412
1063:549
1052:678
1041:726
1030:761
1019:785
1008:690
997:545
986:346
975:201
964:136
898:The
782:126
771:140
760:232
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