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842:, one of the most successful racing cars of all time, which eventually won over 1000 races. Like the Duesenbergs, Bugatti got his ideas from building aircraft engines during World War I, and like them, his engine was a high-revving overhead camshaft unit with three valves per cylinder. It produced 100 bhp (75 kW) at 5,000 rpm and could be revved to over 6,000 rpm. Nearly 400 of the Type 35 and its derivatives were produced, an all-time record for
951:. The 300SLR was the final development of the Alfa Romeo design of the early 1930s as not only the camshaft, but now also the gearbox was driven from the engine's centre. Engineers calculated that torsional stresses would be too high if they took power from the end of the long crankshaft, so they put a central gear train in the middle (which also ran the dual camshafts, dual magnetos, and other accessories) and ran a drive shaft to the clutch housing at the rear.
483:
54:
339:
151:
249:-cylinder engine can also be timed for inherent primary and secondary balance, a straight-eight develops more power strokes per revolution and, as a result, will run more smoothly under load than an inline six. Also, due to the even number of power strokes per revolution, a straight-eight does not produce unpleasant odd-order harmonic vibration in the vehicle's
638:
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with its shorter engine compartment quickly led to the demise of the straight-8 engine. As a result of this, and of gasoline prices several times as expensive as in the U.S., four- and six-cylinder engines powered the majority of cars in Europe, and the few eight-cylinder cars produced were in the V8 configuration.
309:
efficiency of the long, narrow configuration, and the inherent balance of the engine making counterweights on the crankshaft unnecessary. The disadvantages of crank and camshaft twisting were not considered at this time, since aircraft engines of the time ran at low speeds to keep propeller tip speed
706:
In Europe, many automobile factories had been destroyed during World War II, and it took many years before war-devastated economies recovered enough to make large cars popular again. The change in the design of cars from a long engine compartment between separate fenders to the modern configuration
734:
amphibious logistics carrier has the driver's compartment over the front wheels, the larger B81 engine in the rear and a large load compartment over the middle and rear. The
Salamander firefighting vehicle was unarmoured, and resembled the Stalwart with a conventional fire engine superstructure.
780:
Despite the shortcomings of length, weight, bearing friction, and torsional vibrations that led to the straight-eight's post-war demise, the straight-eight was the performance engine design of choice from the late 1920s to the late 1940s, and continued to excel in motorsport until the mid-1950s.
256:
The smooth running characteristics of the straight-eight made it popular in luxury and racing cars of the past. However, the engine's length demanded the use of a long engine compartment, making the basic design unacceptable in modern vehicles. Also, due to the length of the engine, torsional
888:
fame the camshaft drive had been moved to the engine centre, between cylinders four and five, thus reducing the aforementioned limitations. The straight-eight was actually built as a symmetrical pair of straight-four engines joined in the middle at common gear trains for the camshafts and
551:. Chevrolet, as an entry-level marque, did not have a straight-eight. Cadillac, the luxury brand of General Motors, stayed with their traditional V8 engines. In order to have engines as smooth as the straight-eights of its competitors, Cadillac introduced the
618:, changes in the automobile market resulted in the decline and final extinction of the straight-eight as an automobile engine. The primary users of the straight-eight were American luxury and premium cars that were carried over from before the war. A
633:
gasoline. Engines could be designed with higher compression ratios to take advantage of high-octane gasoline. This led to more highly stressed engines which amplified the limitations of the long crankshaft and camshaft in the straight-eight engines.
912:
engines could produce 425 bhp (317 kW) at 9,300 rpm, and could rev as high as 10,500 rpm. However, the engines were at the end of their potential, and rule changes for the 1952 season made the
Alfettas obsolete.
605:
Mk I inline eight-cylinder diesel engines. These engines were intended to give an output of 700 bhp (520 kW) at 1,000 rpm but in practice had a continuous output rating of only 585 bhp (436 kW) at 900 rpm.
651:
Oldsmobile replaced their straight-eight flathead engine with an overhead valve V8 engine in 1949, at which time
Cadillac's V8 was changed to one with overhead valves. Chrysler replaced its straight-eight with its famous
475:, which had been designed by the Duesenberg brothers for the Cord-owned Duesenberg Inc. The automobile manufacturers within the Cord Corporation, comprising Auburn, Cord, and Duesenberg, were shut down in 1937.
423:. One marketing feature of these engines was their impressive length — some of the Duesenberg engines were over 4 ft (1.2 m) long, resulting in the long hoods (bonnets) found on these automobiles.
1295:
692:" stroke = 320.2 in³ (5.247 L)) straight-8, the latter being produced until the end of the 1953 model year. Pontiac maintained production on their straight-eight, as well as a
908:
was originally designed in 1937 and won 47 of 54 Grands Prix entered between 1938 and 1951 (with a six-year gap in the middle caused by the war). By 1951, their 1.5 L
1288:
832:, and was capable of revving to an astonishing (at the time) 5,000 rpm. No Grand Prix engine before the war had peaked at more than 3,000 rpm.
261:
can adversely affect reliability and performance at high speeds. In particular, a phenomenon referred to as "crankshaft whip," caused by the effects of
726:
armoured car was a 6x6 design with the engine compartment in the rear, a 76.2mm low pressure gun turret in the centre and the driver in front. The
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brothers introduced the first successful straight-eight racing engine in 1920, when their 3 L engine placed third, fourth, and sixth at the
71:
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By the end of the 1970s overhead valve V8s powered 80% of automobiles built in the US, and most of the rest had six-cylinder engines.
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armoured personnel carrier had the engine in front with the driver in the centre and space for up to nine troops in the rear. The
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808:, while two others placed fourth and sixth in the race. Based on work the company had done on 16-cylinder aircraft engines during
90:
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introduced straight-eight engines for the premium vehicles in their respective lines. They were followed in the early 1930s by
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built successful racing cars with high-performance dual overhead camshaft straight-eight engines in the 1920s and 1930s.
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walls, leading to the engine's destruction. As a result, the design has been displaced almost completely by the shorter
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V-8 for 1951. Hudson retired its straight-eight at the end of the 1952 model year. Buick introduced a (4.0" bore × 3
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were the first to react to the engineering problems of the straight-eight: in their racing car engines for the
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ended production of their signature straight-eight at the end of 1954, replacing it with an overhead valve V8.
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27:
This article is about the eight-cylinder engine. For the 8 mm motion picture film format (STRAIGHT EIGHT), see
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The Rolls-Royce B80 series of engines were also used in other military and civilian applications, such as the
843:
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532:
357:
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built straight-eight engines for sale to automobile manufacturers, including
Gardner, Auburn, Kissel, and
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318:
266:
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Straight-eight engines were used in expensive luxury and performance vehicles until after World War II.
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455:(1925) began using straight-eight engines in cars targeted at the middle class. Engine manufacturer
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used flathead straight-eights in its premium
Chrysler cars, including the Imperial luxury model.
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would create the last notable straight-eight racing cars in 1955, with the championship-winning
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experimented with straight-eight engines from 1922, and in 1924, he introduced the 2 L
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automobiles by 1914, no straight-eight engines were used in production cars before 1920.
1026:. John Wood, illustrator (Phoebus 1977 ed.). London: Hamlyn / Phoebus. p. 70.
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luxury cars used V8 from the 1930s to the 1980s and V12 engines in the 1930s and 1940s.
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straight-eight engines. Other notable straight-eight-powered automobiles were built by
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inline six, through the end of the 1954 model year, after which a V8 became standard.
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668:" stroke = 322 in³ (5.277 L)) V8 in 1953, with similar displacement as their (3
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L-29 automobile, and had
Lycoming build the straight-eight engine for the Duesenberg
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series of straight-eight engines in the Alvis FV 600 armoured vehicle family. The
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305:. Advantages of the straight-eight engine for aircraft applications included the
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superchargers. It had two overhead camshafts, but only two valves per cylinder.
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During World War II, improvements in the refinery technology used to produce
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463:. Hupmobile built their own engine. Lycoming was purchased by Auburn owner
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1098:
Wise, David
Burgess. "Cord: The Apex of a Triangle", in Northey, Tom, ed.
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In the United States in the 1920s, automobile manufacturers, including
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racing in 1950, and to win the second season against competition from
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220:, with no unbalanced primary or secondary forces or moments. However,
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never adopted the straight-eight; their entry-level Ford cars used
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brothers introduced their first production straight-eight in 1921.
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introduced the first production automobile straight-eight in their
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Unlike the V8 engine configuration, examples of which were used in
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1178:"Jalopnik Engine of the Day, Apr 17, 2008: Packard Inline Eight"
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293:(CGV) in 1903, but never built. Great strides were made during
34:"Straight eight" redirects here. For the filmmaking event, see
231:
at the accessory end of the crankshaft. Without such damping,
47:
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resulted in the availability of large amounts of inexpensive
1166:
Hemmings
Classic Car Volume 6 issue 5, February 2010 page 39
981:
A Detailed
History of the Straight-Eight Automobile Engine
479:
continues to this day as an aircraft engine manufacturer.
467:, who used a Lycoming straight-eight in his front-drive
165:
Straight-eight engine with firing order 1-4-7-3-8-5-2-6
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78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
892:The Alfa Romeo straight-eight would return after
804:. The following year one of their cars won the
1076:Driving Force: The Evolution of the Car Engine
622:inter-city bus used the Buick straight-eight.
301:made straight-eight aircraft engines like the
1289:
927:sports racing car. The 300SLR was famous for
8:
1202:
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857:2,336 cc (142.6 cu in) DOHC
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1102:(London: Orbis, 1974), Vol. 4, pp.435-436.
289:The first straight-eight was conceived by
1069:
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1065:
269:, can cause physical contact between the
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
45:Inline piston engine with eight cylinders
742:military truck, the winch engine in the
427:Premium automobiles in the United States
1024:The story of Veteran & Vintage Cars
971:
242:may occur, leading to engine failure.
218:inherent primary and secondary balance
1239:. John William Davies. Archived from
189:mounted in a straight line along the
7:
577:engines until the 1950s while their
76:adding citations to reliable sources
265:on the crank throws at high engine
1006:Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930
496:In the late 1920s, volume sellers
216:A straight-eight can be timed for
25:
257:vibration in both crankshaft and
904:'s V12-powered car in 1951. The
896:to dominate the first season of
193:. The type has been produced in
52:
38:. For the 1920s luxury car, see
923:Formula One racing car and the
63:needs additional citations for
1260:"Histomobile: Leyland - 1920s"
1145:"Boulton and Paul - the R101."
1057:
880:2300/2600/2900 sports cars of
451:(1925), Locomobile (1925) and
391:and Duesenbergs commonly used
374:International Motor Exhibition
1:
1176:Murilee Martin (2008-04-17).
508:(with a dual-ignition unit),
1836:Piston engine configurations
1058:Histomobile: Leyland - 1920s
646:Oldsmobile straight-8 engine
360:at the Paris Salon in 1919
329:Inter-war period (1919–1941)
157:straight-eight racing engine
1046:
1008:. London: Grange-Universal.
754:Performance and racing cars
1862:
1237:"Welsh Motor Sport - Cars"
1157:Retrieved: 27 August 2010.
1118:. Motorbooks. p. 73.
1022:(1977) . "War and Peace".
979:Moore, Stephen J. (2020).
906:Alfa Romeo 158/159 Alfetta
715:The British Army selected
567:to the top of its lineup.
310:below the speed of sound.
291:Charron, Girardot et Voigt
183:internal combustion engine
33:
26:
983:. Self-published on USB.
1207:Ludvigsen, Karl (2001).
1112:Cheetham, Craig (2004).
1047:Welsh Motor Sport - Cars
1004:Georgano, G. N. (1985).
949:1955 24 Hours of Le Mans
818:three-valve-per-cylinder
285:Early period (1903–1918)
935:'s victory in the 1955
844:Grand Prix motor racing
368:straight-eight powered
181:) is an eight-cylinder
87:"Straight-eight engine"
1841:Straight-eight engines
1437:Single-acting cylinder
1370:Double-acting cylinder
1235:Davies, John William.
1209:Classic Racing Engines
1074:Daniels, Jeff (2002).
862:
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769:straight-8 in a 1930s
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343:Dual overhead camshaft
253:at low engine speeds.
177:(often abbreviated as
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1305:Engine configurations
1211:. Haynes Publishing.
1155:norfolkancestors.org.
1078:. Haynes Publishing.
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781:Bugatti, Duesenberg,
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601:was fitted with five
547:straight-eights were
541:Oldsmobile straight-8
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171:straight-eight engine
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1407:Oscillating cylinder
1262:. Stéphane van Damme
1100:World of Automobiles
939:, but notorious for
820:engine produced 115
533:Buick straight-eight
72:improve this article
29:Filmo § History
1500:Two-and four-stroke
1402:Intake over exhaust
1256:van Damme, Stéphane
555:crankshaft for its
393:double overhead cam
225:torsional vibration
175:inline-eight engine
1150:2009-11-09 at the
961:List of GM engines
863:
859:Roots supercharged
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545:Pontiac straight-8
539:design, while the
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465:Errett Lobban Cord
372:luxury car at the
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346:Duesenberg Model J
334:Luxury automobiles
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1519:Inline / straight
1417:Overhead camshaft
990:978-0-473-54810-0
814:overhead camshaft
806:French Grand Prix
746:ARV, and various
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627:aviation gasoline
603:Beardmore Tornado
364:introduced their
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16:(Redirected from
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929:Stirling Moss
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917:Mercedes-Benz
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878:Alfa Romeo 8C
876:and in their
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787:Mercedes-Benz
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401:Mercedes-Benz
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380:in 1920. The
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371:
370:Leyland Eight
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319:Scripps-Booth
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89: –
88:
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83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
41:
40:Leyland Eight
37:
30:
19:
1801:Split-single
1587:Flat / boxer
1561:
1447:Swing-piston
1264:. Retrieved
1245:. Retrieved
1241:the original
1208:
1182:. Retrieved
1171:
1162:
1154:
1140:
1129:. Retrieved
1115:Vintage Cars
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1094:
1075:
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1005:
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980:
974:
937:Mille Miglia
915:
910:supercharged
894:World War II
891:
882:Mille Miglia
864:
834:
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714:
711:Military use
705:
702:
650:
624:
616:World War II
613:
593:The British
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559:, and added
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430:
386:
351:
312:
288:
255:
245:Although an
244:
237:main bearing
215:
211:overhead-cam
207:sleeve-valve
178:
174:
170:
168:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
1490:Five-stroke
1485:Four-stroke
1442:Split cycle
1380:Free-piston
1323:Atmospheric
898:Formula One
810:World War I
717:Rolls-Royce
680:" bore × 4
631:high octane
575:flathead V8
565:V16 engines
307:aerodynamic
295:World War I
1830:Categories
1495:Six-stroke
1480:Two-stroke
1397:Heron head
1355:Cam engine
1266:2009-01-20
1247:2009-01-20
1184:2011-09-07
1131:2010-11-23
967:References
866:Alfa Romeo
861:straight-8
855:Alfa Romeo
798:Duesenberg
783:Alfa Romeo
774:Grand Prix
553:crossplane
518:Oldsmobile
512:, and the
502:Studebaker
490:Straight 8
461:Locomobile
409:Alfa Romeo
382:Duesenberg
247:inline six
222:crankshaft
195:side-valve
98:newspapers
36:Straight 8
824:(86
744:Centurion
433:Hupmobile
279:V8 engine
275:crankcase
251:driveline
191:crankcase
187:cylinders
128:July 2009
1427:Pentroof
1375:Flathead
1365:Compound
1343:Rotative
1229:Websites
1148:Archived
955:See also
732:Stalwart
610:Post-war
589:Airships
583:Chrysler
477:Lycoming
457:Lycoming
447:(1925),
443:(1927),
439:(1926),
437:Chandler
435:(1925),
389:Bugattis
352:Italy's
323:Cadillac
299:Mercedes
259:camshaft
1635:V / Vee
1452:Uniflow
1385:Stelzer
1360:Camless
1338:Cornish
947:at the
902:Ferrari
886:Le Mans
836:Bugatti
771:Type 59
764:Bugatti
728:Saracen
698:Packard
686:⁄
674:⁄
662:⁄
620:Flxible
599:airship
579:Lincoln
535:was an
522:Pontiac
473:Model J
445:Gardner
421:Packard
397:Daimler
240:journal
112:scholar
1796:Radial
1786:Deltic
1432:Rotary
1350:Bourke
1215:
1122:
1082:
1030:
987:
925:300SLR
812:, the
791:Miller
789:, and
748:Dennis
694:L-head
641:1940s
614:After
597:rigid
520:, and
498:Hudson
453:Auburn
449:Kissel
441:Marmon
358:Tipo 8
348:engine
321:, and
209:, and
155:Delage
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
1779:Other
1462:Wedge
1328:Axial
853:1932
776:racer
762:1933
514:Buick
413:Stutz
297:, as
119:JSTOR
105:books
1457:Watt
1392:Hemi
1333:Beam
1316:Type
1307:for
1213:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1028:ISBN
985:ISBN
931:and
921:W196
884:and
872:and
796:The
767:DOHC
654:Hemi
595:R101
571:Ford
563:and
543:and
531:The
506:Nash
500:and
469:Cord
419:and
273:and
169:The
91:news
1770:W30
1765:W24
1760:W18
1755:W16
1750:W12
1717:V24
1712:V20
1707:V18
1702:V16
1697:V14
1692:V12
1687:V10
1675:VR6
1663:VR5
1625:F16
1620:F12
1615:F10
1577:I14
1572:I12
943:'s
830:rpm
720:B80
643:OHV
561:V12
510:REO
487:REO
376:at
366:OHC
267:rpm
199:IOE
173:or
74:by
1832::
1745:W8
1740:W6
1735:W3
1682:V8
1670:V6
1658:V5
1653:V4
1648:V3
1643:V2
1610:F8
1605:F6
1600:F4
1595:F2
1567:I9
1562:I8
1557:I7
1552:I6
1547:I5
1542:I4
1537:I3
1532:I2
1527:I1
1258:.
1193:^
1064:^
874:P3
870:P2
846:.
826:kW
816:,
785:,
688:16
676:16
664:64
660:13
557:V8
528:.
516:,
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
317:,
205:,
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179:I8
1811:X
1806:U
1791:H
1727:W
1297:e
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684:5
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141:)
135:(
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126:(
116:·
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68:.
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31:.
20:)
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