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In the general context, strange matter might occur inside neutron stars, if the pressure at their core is high enough to provide a sufficient gravitational force (i.e. above the critical pressure). At the sort of densities and high pressures we expect in the center of a neutron star, the quark matter
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During the merger of two neutron stars, strange matter may be ejected out into the space around the stars, which may allow for the studying of strange matter. However, the rate at which strange matter decays is unknown, and there are very few binary pairs of neutron stars nearby to the Solar System,
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forbids fermions such as quarks from occupying the same position and energy level. When the particle density is high enough that all energy levels below the available thermal energy are already occupied, increasing the density further requires raising some to higher, unoccupied energy levels. This
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A neutron star with a quark matter core is often called a hybrid star. However, it is difficult to know whether hybrid stars really exist in nature because physicists currently have little idea of the likely value of the critical pressure or density. It seems plausible that the transition to quark
373:" is true, then nuclear matter is metastable against decaying into strange matter. The lifetime for spontaneous decay is very long, so we do not see this decay process happening around us. However, under this hypothesis there should be strange matter in the universe:
314:), so the degeneracy pressure of down quarks usually dominates electrically neutral quark matter. However, when the required energy level is high enough, an alternative becomes available: half of the down quarks can be transmuted to strange quarks (charge −
334:). The higher rest mass of the strange quark costs some energy, but by opening up an additional set of energy levels, the average energy per particle can be lower, making strange matter more stable than non-strange quark matter.
238:, even when the external critical pressure is zero, and given enough time (or the right stimulus) the nuclei would decay into stable droplets of strange matter. Droplets of strange matter are also referred to as strangelets.
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One major area of activity in neutron star physics is the attempt to find observable signatures by which we could tell whether neutron stars have quark matter (probably strange matter) in their core.
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A more specific hypothesis is that quark matter is the true ground state of all matter, and thus more stable than ordinary nuclear matter. This idea is known as the "strange matter hypothesis", or the
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Quark stars (often called "strange stars") consist of quark matter from their core to their surface. They would be several kilometers across, and may have a very thin crust of nuclear matter.
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becomes much smaller than their size, so the critical density must be less than about 100 times nuclear saturation density. But a more precise estimate is not yet available, because the
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are small pieces of strange matter, perhaps as small as nuclei. They would be produced when strange stars are formed or collide, or when a nucleus decays.
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would probably be strange matter. It could conceivably be non-strange quark matter, if the effective mass of the strange quark were too high.
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that governs the behavior of quarks is mathematically intractable, and numerical calculations using
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need for energy to cause compression manifests as a pressure. Neutrons consist of twice as many
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assumption. Under this hypothesis, the nuclei of the atoms we see around us are only
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136:. In extreme environments, strange matter is hypothesized to occur in the core of
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predicts that strange matter could be created when nuclear matter (made of
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402: – Compact exotic star which forms matter consisting mostly of quarks
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which could make the official discovery of strange matter very difficult.
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Madsen, Jes (1999). "Physics and astrophysics of strange quark matter".
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quarks and heavier quarks would only occur at much higher densities.
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matter will already have occurred when the separation between the
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455:. Lecture Notes in Physics. Vol. 516. pp. 162–203.
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Weber, F. (2005). "Strange quark matter and compact stars".
152:. At high enough density, strange matter is expected to be
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In the broader context, our current understanding of the
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243:Stability of strange matter only at high pressure
255:Strange matter comes about as a way to relieve
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365:Stability of strange matter at zero pressure
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453:Hadrons in Dense Matter and Hadrosynthesis
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16:Degenerate matter made from strange quarks
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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509:Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
148:) to kilometers, as in the hypothetical
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175:, and they are themselves composed of
1628:Inverse beta decay (electron capture)
426: – Hypothetical phases of matter
414: – Type of hypothetical particle
350:are currently blocked by the fermion
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
406:Strangeness and quark–gluon plasma
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1410:Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit
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561:Bodmer, A. R. (September 1971).
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649:from the original on 2022-01-25
593:from the original on 2022-01-20
34:needs additional citations for
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1135:Macroscopic quantum phenomena
619:"Cosmic separation of phases"
1850:Unsolved problems in physics
1695:Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)
1638:Electron degeneracy pressure
1145:Order and disorder (physics)
408:– subatomic signature
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539:10.1016/j.ppnp.2004.07.001
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1643:Pauli exclusion principle
1343:Supernova nucleosynthesis
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1276:Cataclysmic variable star
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371:strange matter hypothesis
261:Pauli exclusion principle
1599:Fundamental interactions
1170:Thermo-dielectric effect
1069:Enthalpy of vaporization
763:Bose–Einstein condensate
185:condensed form of matter
167:is a liquid composed of
1685:Quantum electrodynamics
1291:Super soft X-ray source
1064:Enthalpy of sublimation
643:10.1103/PhysRevD.30.272
587:10.1103/PhysRevD.4.1601
1794:Physics of shock waves
1554:Observational timeline
1400:Gravitational collapse
1079:Latent internal energy
829:Color-glass condensate
1690:Quantum hydrodynamics
889:Magnetically ordered
187:composed entirely of
154:color superconducting
1784:Nuclear astrophysics
1572:Elementary particles
768:Fermionic condensate
183:. Quark matter is a
126:strange quark matter
43:improve this article
1633:Degeneracy pressure
1563:Particles, forces,
1405:Chandrasekhar limit
983:Chemical ionization
875:Programmable matter
865:Quantum spin liquid
733:Supercritical fluid
635:1984PhRvD..30..272W
579:1971PhRvD...4.1601B
531:2005PrPNP..54..193W
257:degeneracy pressure
1789:Physical cosmology
1743:Quark–gluon plasma
1604:Strong interaction
1130:Leidenfrost effect
1059:Enthalpy of fusion
824:Quark–gluon plasma
563:"Collapsed Nuclei"
471:10.1007/BFb0107314
344:strong interaction
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1720:Degenerate matter
1705:Color confinement
1668:Quantum mechanics
1365:Carbon detonation
1311:Stellar processes
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1160:Superheated vapor
1155:Superconductivity
1125:Equation of state
973:Flash evaporation
925:Phase transitions
910:String-net liquid
803:Photonic molecule
773:Degenerate matter
623:Physical Review D
567:Physical Review D
480:978-3-540-65209-0
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573:(6): 1601–1606.
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32:This article
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26:
21:
20:
1845:Quark matter
1779:Astrophysics
1757:
1748:Preon matter
1738:Quark matter
1673:Introduction
1647:
1490:Neutron star
1480:Compact and
1467:
1379:Helium flash
1369:deflagration
1286:X-ray binary
1212:Stellar core
1165:Superheating
1038:Vaporization
1033:Triple point
1028:Supercooling
993:Lambda point
943:Condensation
860:Time crystal
838:Other states
787:
778:Quantum Hall
651:. Retrieved
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595:. Retrieved
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130:quark matter
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99:October 2017
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1700:Lattice QCD
1614:Gravitation
1539:Exotic star
1517:White dwarf
1510:Radio-quiet
1281:Binary star
1251:Metallicity
1074:Latent heat
1023:Sublimation
968:Evaporation
903:Ferromagnet
898:Ferrimagnet
880:Dark matter
812:High energy
381:Strangelets
348:lattice QCD
266:down quarks
181:down quarks
146:strangelets
142:femtometers
132:containing
1829:Categories
1753:Strangelet
1733:QCD matter
1544:Quark star
1522:Black hole
1453:Quark-nova
1420:Supernovae
1338:RP-process
1266:Supergiant
1089:Volatility
1052:Quantities
1013:Regelation
988:Ionization
963:Deposition
915:Superglass
885:Antimatter
819:QCD matter
798:Supersolid
793:Superfluid
756:Low energy
653:2022-03-22
597:2022-03-22
431:References
424:QCD matter
412:Strangelet
400:Quark star
236:metastable
69:newspapers
1774:Astronomy
1527:Collapsar
1448:Hypernova
1350:Accretion
1333:R-process
1241:Structure
1236:Evolution
1231:Formation
294:(charge +
292:up quarks
268:(charge −
159:Ordinary
1592:Neutrino
1587:Electron
1505:Magnetar
1393:Collapse
1215:collapse
1150:Spinodal
1098:Concepts
978:Freezing
647:Archived
591:Archived
547:15002134
489:16566509
388:See also
369:If the "
340:nucleons
221:neutrons
169:neutrons
1649:More...
1582:Neutron
1469:More...
1463:Remnant
1438:Type II
1428:Type Ia
1110:Binodal
998:Melting
933:Boiling
850:Crystal
845:Colloid
631:Bibcode
575:Bibcode
527:Bibcode
328:
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259:. The
217:protons
195:Context
173:protons
83:scholar
1577:Proton
1500:Quasar
1495:Pulsar
1458:Nebula
738:Plasma
719:Liquid
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232:Witten
228:Bodmer
189:quarks
161:matter
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1223:Stars
728:Vapor
714:Solid
707:State
543:S2CID
517:arXiv
485:S2CID
457:arXiv
418:Quark
290:) as
250:Charm
128:) is
90:JSTOR
76:books
1246:Core
699:list
475:ISBN
219:and
203:and
179:and
171:and
124:(or
62:news
724:Gas
639:doi
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354:.
199:In
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