1214:
1407:, testicular pain/swelling, mesh infection/wound infection, and recurrence. A seroma is often seen after an indirect hernia repair and resolves spontaneously over 4–6 weeks. To prevent a seroma it's important to reduce the amount of cutting around the hernia sac where it's connected to the cord structures. Additionally, securely attaching the hernia sac to the pubic bone and creating small openings in the tissue around a direct hernia can help. In cases of heavy bleeding or extensive cutting, certain surgeons may opt to insert a drain. Urinary retention is often seen in elderly patients, these patients can be catheterized prior to surgery if there is a risk. Other complications may arise
1347:
368:
reflect a 36.00% increase in prevalent cases and a 63.67% increase in incident cases compared to the numbers reported in 1990. About 27% of males and 3% of females develop a groin hernia at some point in their lives. Inguinal, femoral and abdominal hernias were present in 18.5 million people and resulted in 59,800 deaths in 2015. Groin hernias occur most often before the age of 1 and after the age of 50. It is not known how commonly hiatus hernias occur, with estimates in North
America varying from 10% to 80%. The first known description of a hernia dates back to at least 1550 BC, in the
513:
1080:
691:
675:
1249:
594:
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additional health issues, leads to fewer complications and reduced costs. Studies show that compared to regional or general anesthesia, local anesthesia results in less postoperative pain, shorter recovery times, and decreased unplanned overnight stays. However, it might not be enough for repairing large hernias or in patients with abdominal domain loss, where general anesthesia is preferred.
407:
683:
759:. They can be hard to distinguish from the inguinal type (especially when ascending cephalad): however, they generally appear more rounded, and, in contrast to inguinal hernias, there is a strong female preponderance in femoral hernias. The incidence of strangulation in femoral hernias is high. Repair techniques are similar for femoral and
399:
481:
Irreducible abdominal hernias or incarcerated hernias may be painful, but their most relevant symptom is that they cannot return to the abdominal cavity when pushed in. They may be chronic, although painless, and can lead to strangulation (loss of blood supply), obstruction (kinking of intestine), or
389:
About 27% of males and 3% of females develop a groin hernia at some time in their lives. In 2013 about 25 million people had a hernia. Inguinal, femoral and abdominal hernias resulted in 32,500 deaths globally in 2013 and 50,500 in 1990. Healthcare costs associated with abdominal wall hernias account
1384:
The frequency of surgical correction ranges from 10 per 100,000 (U.K.) to 28 per 100,000 (U.S.). After elective surgery, the 30-day mortality rate for inguinal or femoral hernia repair stands at 0.1 percent, but it increases to 2.8 to 3.1 percent after urgent surgery. When a bowel resection is part
1264:
Surgery is recommended for some types of hernias to prevent complications such as obstruction of the bowel or strangulation of the tissue, although umbilical hernias and hiatus hernias may be watched, or are treated with medication. Most abdominal hernias can be surgically repaired, but surgery has
1415:
that is used to repair the hernia. In the event of a mesh rejection, the mesh will very likely need to be removed. Mesh rejection can be detected by obvious, sometimes localized swelling and pain around the mesh area. Continuous discharge from the scar is likely for a while after the mesh has been
1335:
hernia surgery has also recently gained popularity as safe alternatives to open surgery. Robotic surgery for inguinal hernia repair shows outcomes comparable to laparoscopic surgery. The rates of overall complications, long-lasting postoperative pain, urinary retention, and 30-day re-admission are
453:
Hernias might manifest with pain in the area, a noticeable lump, or less specific symptoms caused by pressure on an organ stuck within the hernia, potentially leading to organ dysfunction. Typically, fatty tissue is the initial entrant into a hernia, but it might also involve an organ. Hernias are
380:
Most hernias happen when the muscles and tendons in the belly weaken or get damaged, which makes it hard for them to keep the insides in place and support the body properly. The belly and pelvis act like a container made of muscles, tendons and bones. When pressure builds up inside this container,
367:
Globally in 2019, there were 32.53 million prevalent cases of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernias, with a 95% uncertainty interval ranging from 27.71 to 37.79 million. Additionally, there were 13.02 million incident cases, with an uncertainty interval of 10.68 to 15.49 million. These figures
714:
can be distinguished by their positioning in relation to the inferior epigastric vessels. An indirect hernia is situated laterally to these vessels, whereas a direct hernia is positioned medially to them. Inguinal hernias are the most common type of hernia in both men and women. In some selected
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centers and are able to return to work within a week or two, though intense activities are prohibited for a longer period. People who have their hernias repaired with mesh often recover within a month, but pain can last longer. Surgical complications may include pain that lasts more than three
1276:
causes less pain, speeds up recovery, and shows similar low rates of the hernia coming back compared to the traditional open repair method. However, open surgery can be done sometimes without general anesthesia. Using local anesthesia for open groin hernia repair, particularly in patients with
469:
or in another abdominal area can often be seen and felt. When standing, such a bulge becomes more obvious. Besides the bulge, other symptoms include pain in the groin that may also include a heavy or dragging sensation, and in men, there is sometimes pain and swelling in the
1257:
1213:
899:), in which case the junction remains fixed while another portion of the stomach moves up through the defect. Non-sliding or para-esophageal hernias can be dangerous as they may allow the stomach to rotate and obstruct. Repair is usually advised.
1265:
complications. Prior to surgery patients should be medically optimized receive guidance about changing factors that can be controlled, such as quitting smoking, managing medical conditions like diabetes effectively, and working on losing weight.
43:
3483:
3464:
381:
the muscles push back to keep everything in place. If the pressure gets too high, it may cause the belly's wall to break, leading to a hernia. Once a hernia starts, it keeps enlarging, because the tension on the wall there increases.
2104:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
1336:
very similar between these two methods. Just like in other areas of general surgery, it has been noted that robotic surgery for inguinal hernia repair takes more time in the operating room compared to the laparoscopic approach.
4902:
1108:: a perineal hernia protrudes through the muscles and fascia of the perineal floor. It may be primary but usually is acquired following perineal prostatectomy, abdominoperineal resection of the rectum, or pelvic exenteration.
601:
Furthermore, conditions that increase the pressure of the abdominal cavity may also cause hernias or worsen the existing ones. Some examples would be: obesity, straining during a bowel movement or urination (constipation,
942:. The above article deals mostly with "visceral hernias", where the herniating tissue arises within the abdominal cavity. Other hernia types and unusual types of visceral hernias are listed below, in alphabetical order:
509:(MDCT) can show with precision the anatomic site of the hernia sac, the contents of the sac, and any complications. MDCT also offers clear detail of the abdominal wall allowing wall hernias to be identified accurately.
572:
or incarceration, in which it cannot be reduced, or pushed back into place, at least not without very much external effort. In intestinal hernias, this also substantially increases the risk of bowel obstruction and
2631:
Ozben V, Aliyeva Z, Barbur E, Guler I, Karahasanoglu T, Baca B (September 2020). "Laparoscopic management of incarcerated broad ligament hernia in a patient with bilateral parametrium defects - a video vignette".
1433:
months, surgical site infections, nerve and blood vessel injuries, injury to nearby organs, and hernia recurrence. Pain that lasts more than three months occurs in about 10% of people following hernia repair.
1701:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
1066:: two adjacent loops of small intestine are within a hernial sac with a tight neck. The intervening portion of bowel within the abdomen is deprived of its blood supply and eventually becomes necrotic.
655:
Abdominal wall hernia may occur due to trauma. If this type of hernia is due to blunt trauma it is an emergency condition and could be associated with various solid organs and hollow viscus injuries.
4895:
4424:
1649:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
2153:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
770:
is a femoral hernia with two sacs, the first being in the femoral canal, and the second passing through a defect in the superficial fascia and appearing almost immediately beneath the skin.
4888:
1385:
of the hernia repair, the mortality rate is even higher. Older age, femoral hernias, female sex, and urgent repair are identified as other factors linked to a higher risk of mortality.
4999:
324:". However most men tend to eventually undergo groin hernia surgery due to the development of pain. For women, however, repair is generally recommended due to the higher rate of
1188:: can present as a bulge in the shins. Pain on rest, walking, or during exercise may occur. The bulge can typically not be present unless pressure or flexing of the leg occurs.
3602:
305:
inheritance (especially for men). It is unclear if groin hernias are associated with heavy lifting. Hernias can often be diagnosed based on signs and symptoms. Occasionally,
582:
Causes of hiatus hernia vary depending on each individual. Among the multiple causes, however, are the mechanical causes which include: improper heavy weight lifting, hard
1339:
Uncomplicated hernias are principally repaired by pushing back, or "reducing", the herniated tissue, and then mending the weakness in muscle tissue (an operation called
4106:
1883:
Sezer S, ĹžimĹźek N, Celik HT, Erden G, Ozturk G, DĂĽzgĂĽn AP, et al. (August 2014). "Association of collagen type I alpha 1 gene polymorphism with inguinal hernia".
458:, or fibrous tissue, which forms the abdominal wall. It is possible for the bulge associated with a hernia to come and go, but the defect in the tissue will persist.
344:. Laparoscopic surgery generally has less pain following the procedure. A hiatus hernia may be treated with lifestyle changes such as raising the head of the bed,
243:. Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin hernias. This may include pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, especially with coughing, exercise, or
258:, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked. This usually produces severe pain and tenderness in the area. Hiatus, or hiatal hernias often result in
644:
cause. They contend that the risk of hernia is due to a physiological difference between patients who have hernia and those who do not, namely the presence of
3701:
2894:
Balentine, Courtney J.; Meier, Jennie; Berger, Miles; Reisch, Joan; Cullum, Munro; Lee, Simon C.; Skinner, Celette Sugg; Brown, Cynthia J. (February 2021).
938:
Since many organs or parts of organs can herniate through many orifices, it is very difficult to give an exhaustive list of hernias, with all synonyms and
2217:
1377:
Evidence suggests that tension-free methods (with or without mesh) often have lower percentage of recurrences and the fastest recovery period compared to
251:. Often, it gets worse throughout the day and improves when lying down. A bulge may appear at the site of hernia, that becomes larger when bending down.
3740:
1647:
Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury
Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016).
1135:: a hernia involving only one sidewall of the bowel, which can result in bowel strangulation leading to perforation through ischaemia without causing
2102:
Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, et al. (Global Burden of
Disease Study 2013 Collaborators) (August 2015).
1168:
most commonly presents as an uncomfortable mass in the gluteal area. Bowel obstruction may also occur. This type of hernia is only a rare cause of
3595:
2263:
1699:
Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death
Collaborators) (October 2016).
1370:
methods (e.g., Shouldice), muscle is not pulled together under tension. However, this widely used terminology is misleading, as there are many
3968:
3020:
2305:
702:(2/3, depicted here), in which the inguinal canal is entered via a congenital weakness at its entrance (the internal inguinal ring), and the
607:
270:
107:
2199:
Park AE, Roth JS, Kavic SM. Abdominal wall hernia. Curr Probl Surg. 2006 May;43(5):326-75. doi: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2006.02.004. PMID 16679124.
1346:
2151:
Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, et al. (GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death
Collaborators) (January 2015).
1236:
The benefits of the use of an external device to maintain reduction of the hernia without repairing the underlying defect (such as hernia
2873:
1572:
698:
By far the most common hernias (up to 75% of all abdominal hernias) are inguinal hernias, which are further divided into the more common
1513:
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aponeurotic arch. There isn't any proof that being physically active will cause a hernia to get stuck or make an existing hernia worse.
198:
2321:
2041:
4181:
3588:
361:
1381:. However, the use of prosthetic mesh appears to have a higher likelihood of causing long-term pain and can also lead to infections.
849:
4853:
4700:
2951:
van Veen, Ruben N.; Mahabier, Chander; Dawson, Imro; Hop, Wim C.; Kok, Niels F. M.; Lange, Johan F.; Jeekel, Johannus (March 2008).
2344:
2035:
1566:
1058:: a hernia through Grynfeltt-Lesshaft triangle (superior lumbar triangle). It is named after physician Joseph Grynfeltt (1840–1913).
519:. By pushing on the hernia, it can be (reduced) pushed into the abdomen. When the pressure is removed, the hernia quickly reappears.
3559:
1343:). If complications have occurred, the surgeon will check the viability of the herniated organ and remove part of it if necessary.
1012:: an indirect inguinal hernia with two hernia sacs, without a concomitant direct hernia component (as seen in a pantaloon hernia).
4598:
2378:
4936:
4739:
4351:
4334:
3839:
3834:
3711:
903:
822:
An incisional hernia occurs when the defect is the result of an incompletely healed surgical wound. When these occur in median
3864:
4593:
4549:
4443:
4265:
2601:
1158:
864:
Higher in the abdomen, an (internal) "diaphragmatic hernia" results when part of the stomach or intestine protrudes into the
569:
4804:
1761:
4650:
4880:
2543:"Systematic Review and Meta-Regression of Factors Affecting Midline Incisional Hernia Rates: Analysis of 14,618 Patients"
4994:
4559:
4078:
3686:
2818:"Tibialis Anterior Muscle Hernia: A Case of Chronic, Dull Pain and Swelling in Leg Diagnosed by Dynamic Ultrasonography"
1149:: occurs when an organ drags along part of the peritoneum, or, in other words, the organ is part of the hernia sac. The
3773:
3386:
Chowbey, Pradeep K; Pithawala, Murtaza; Khullar, Rajesh; Sharma, Anil; Soni, Vandana; Baijal, Manish (September 2006).
727:
3669:
875:
is a particular variant of this type, in which the normal passageway through which the esophagus meets the stomach (
726:(or saddlebag hernia) is a combined direct and indirect hernia when the hernial sac protrudes on either side of the
320:
Groin hernias that do not cause symptoms in males do not need immediate surgical repair, a practice referred to as "
4139:
4068:
4412:
4368:
4321:
4127:
3745:
1179:
286:
123:
4438:
1358:). The mesh is placed either over the defect (anterior repair) or under the defect (posterior repair). At times
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3706:
3647:
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1185:
707:
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51:
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2209:
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4201:
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3652:
1208:
1165:
1140:
915:
716:
81:
2510:"An unexpected finding during an inguinal herniorrhaphy: report of an indirect hernia with two hernia sacs"
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3880:
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3730:
3681:
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1561:(22nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 562.
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1371:
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type (1/3), where the hernia contents push through a weak spot in the back wall of the inguinal canal. An
703:
427:
357:
294:
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is the principal means of detecting internal diaphragmatic and other nonpalpable or unsuspected hernias.
4955:
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4695:
4603:
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989:
649:
547:
414:
Symptoms and signs vary depending on the type of hernia. By far the most common hernias develop in the
255:
86:
4614:
3795:
1836:"Whole-exome sequencing identifies a potential TTN mutation in a multiplex family with inguinal hernia"
1055:
512:
2056:
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Solaini, Leonardo; Cavaliere, Davide; Avanzolini, Andrea; Rocco, Giuseppe; Ercolani, Giorgio (2022).
2554:
2275:
1099:
1018:: a hernia due to "short oesophagus" — insufficient elongation — stomach is displaced into the thorax
961:
927:
923:
843:
827:
805:
784:
They involve protrusion of intra-abdominal contents through a weakness at the site of passage of the
333:
302:
298:
3069:"Robotic versus laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis"
197:, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. The term is also used for the normal
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3963:
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Nilsson, Hanna; Stylianidis, Georgios; Haapamäki, Markku; Nilsson, Erik; Nordin, Pär (April 2007).
2777:"Tibialis anterior herniation - a rare clinical entity: a case report and review of the literature"
1132:
1079:
911:
876:
857:
282:
119:
1048:: a hernia through Petit's triangle (inferior lumbar triangle). It is named after French surgeon
4923:
4840:
4705:
4688:
4673:
4660:
4643:
4509:
4036:
4008:
3768:
3664:
3629:
2988:
2657:
2487:
1908:
1626:
1221:
1116:
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341:
329:
71:
4144:
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979:
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when a weakness in the abdominal wall evolves into a localized hole, or "defect", through which
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4172:
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3427:
3409:
3359:
3341:
3302:
3294:
3255:
3247:
3206:
3157:
3106:
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3016:
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2972:
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2915:
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2847:
2798:
2757:
2708:
2649:
2613:
2582:
2479:
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2301:
2182:
2133:
2084:
2076:
2031:
2006:
1957:
1900:
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Mihailov E, Nikopensius T, Reigo A, Nikkolo C, Kals M, Aruaas K, et al. (February 2017).
1816:
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1530:
1136:
1122:
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957:
907:
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752:
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Additionally, though very rare, two or more indirect hernias may appear together such as in a
603:
541:
537:
236:
131:
59:
3130:
Wideochirurgia I Inne
Techniki Maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and Other Miniinvasive Techniques
2541:
Bosanquet DC, Ansell J, Abdelrahman T, Cornish J, Harries R, Stimpson A, et al. (2015).
1318:
Needs a surgeon who is highly experienced in inguinal hernia repair (>200 operations/year)
5004:
4941:
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4785:
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4157:
4152:
4082:
4041:
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3814:
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3349:
3333:
3286:
3237:
3196:
3188:
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3080:
2964:
2923:
2907:
2837:
2829:
2788:
2747:
2739:
2698:
2688:
2677:"Strangulated hernia through a defect of the broad ligament and mobile cecum: a case report"
2641:
2572:
2562:
2521:
2463:
2422:
2412:
2329:
2172:
2164:
2123:
2115:
2068:
2025:
1996:
1988:
1947:
1939:
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1855:
1847:
1806:
1796:
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1660:
1610:
1522:
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1069:
1049:
1029:
985:
971:
952:
919:
779:
723:
349:
337:
321:
240:
2896:"Using Local Anesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Repair Reduces Complications in Older Patients"
4823:
4753:
4619:
4554:
4519:
4390:
4255:
4191:
4093:
4012:
4003:
3953:
3893:
3778:
3755:
1367:
1359:
1154:
1150:
1105:
1073:
988:, sometimes referred to as brain hernia, is a potentially deadly side effect of very high
865:
760:
690:
669:
633:
516:
502:
498:
obstruction. Also, the hernia bulge, in this case, may turn red, purple or dark and pink.
462:
306:
266:
224:
190:
137:
64:
3580:
2953:"Spinal or local anesthesia in lichtenstein hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial"
2558:
2001:
1976:
1511:
Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA (February 2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults".
1256:
4860:
4775:
4329:
4302:
4167:
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4098:
3988:
3958:
3422:
3387:
3354:
3337:
3321:
3152:
3125:
3101:
3068:
2928:
2895:
2842:
2817:
2793:
2776:
2752:
2727:
2703:
2676:
2577:
2542:
2177:
2152:
2128:
2103:
1952:
1927:
1860:
1835:
1811:
1784:
1725:
1700:
1673:
1648:
1191:
1146:
946:
831:
789:
785:
746:
674:
618:
587:
419:
325:
228:
3290:
3201:
3176:
2427:
2400:
2168:
2119:
1716:
1664:
1601:
Roman S, Kahrilas PJ (October 2014). "The diagnosis and management of hiatus hernia".
1248:
4988:
4968:
4793:
4746:
4539:
4482:
4465:
4377:
4122:
3949:
3824:
3790:
3735:
2728:"Muscle hernias of the leg: A case report and comprehensive review of the literature"
2661:
2491:
2370:
2348:
1412:
1340:
1217:
1204:
1175:
1021:
1015:
872:
853:
756:
641:
437:
369:
310:
309:
is used to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other possible causes. The diagnosis of
232:
3542:
3496:
3492:
3224:
Arenal, Juan J.; RodrĂguez-Vielba, Paloma; Gallo, Emiliano; Tinoco, Claudia (2002).
3192:
2992:
1912:
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4580:
4453:
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4307:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4196:
4021:
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3819:
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Kamtoh G, Pach R, Kibil W, Matyja A, Solecki R, Banas B, Kulig J (September 2014).
1630:
1417:
626:
593:
532:
290:
17:
2675:
Hiraiwa K, Morozumi K, Miyazaki H, Sotome K, Furukawa A, Nakamaru M (March 2006).
1753:
482:
both. Strangulated hernias are always painful and pain is followed by tenderness.
3507:
2968:
2567:
2072:
1992:
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4848:
4610:
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4419:
4339:
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3526:
1429:
1273:
1269:
997:
993:
801:
645:
558:
442:
353:
345:
254:
Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side. The main concern is
101:
3545:
3242:
3225:
3084:
2743:
2526:
2509:
755:, when abdominal contents pass into the weak area at the posterior wall of the
4624:
4297:
4275:
3920:
3859:
3040:"Overview | Laparoscopic surgery for inguinal hernia repair | Guidance | NICE"
2911:
2238:
1896:
1851:
1324:
Increased recurrence of primary hernias if a surgeon is not experienced enough
1112:
823:
792:. Umbilical hernias in adults are largely acquired, and are more frequent in
722:
There are special cases where a direct and indirect hernia appear together. A
637:
563:
475:
423:
406:
360:
may help. If the symptoms do not improve with medications, a surgery known as
248:
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3251:
3142:
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2919:
2475:
2080:
1801:
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4385:
4238:
4089:
4063:
3925:
3915:
3802:
3763:
3696:
3537:
3477:
3473:
3404:
3274:
2952:
2693:
2467:
2451:
1404:
1126:
1084:
888:
682:
552:
314:
278:
259:
244:
115:
42:
3431:
3363:
3306:
3259:
3210:
3161:
3110:
2984:
2937:
2851:
2802:
2761:
2712:
2653:
2617:
2586:
2483:
2436:
2186:
2137:
2088:
2010:
1904:
1869:
1820:
1734:
1682:
1622:
1534:
883:
to (periodically) "herniate" into the chest. Hiatus hernias may be either "
3273:
Abi-Haidar, Youmna; Sanchez, Vivian; Itani, Kamal M. F. (September 2011).
2417:
2345:"Hiatal Hernia Symptoms, Causes And Relation To Acid Reflux And Heartburn"
1961:
1526:
906:
is a distinct problem, occurring in up to 1 in 2000 births, and requiring
848:
4208:
4186:
3898:
3275:"Risk factors and outcomes of acute versus elective groin hernia surgery"
2300:. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1943:
1926:
Gong Y, Shao C, Sun Q, Chen B, Jiang Y, Guo C, et al. (March 1994).
1400:
1178:: a hernia characterized by chronic groin pain in athletes and a dilated
797:
583:
487:
432:
27:
Abnormal exit of tissues or organs from the cavity they usually reside in
3039:
2833:
201:, referring to the retraction of the intestine from the extra-embryonal
4260:
4026:
3930:
3902:
2645:
1975:
Ma, Q.; Jing, W.; Liu, X.; Liu, J.; Liu, M.; Chen, J. (24 March 2023).
1416:
removed. A surgically treated hernia can lead to complications such as
1408:
1169:
939:
880:
622:
611:
506:
471:
415:
274:
216:
209:
111:
3569:
3456:
1614:
1374:
that do not use mesh (e.g., Desarda, Guarnieri, Lipton-Estrin, etc.).
4344:
4230:
3563:
3468:
3126:"Effectiveness of mesh hernioplasty in incarcerated inguinal hernias"
2401:"Surgical physiology of inguinal hernia repair--a study of 200 cases"
1977:"Trends of inguinal, femoral, and abdominal hernia from 1990 to 2019"
1396:
1354:
Muscle reinforcement techniques often involve synthetic materials (a
1306:
1035:
483:
455:
390:
for an annual expenditure of approximately 2.5 to 3 billion dollars.
205:
3226:"Hernias of the abdominal wall in patients over the age of 70 years"
1305:
Fewer postoperative complications such as infections, bleeding and
834:. These occur in about 13% of people at 2 years following surgery.
4176:
3906:
2450:
Montgomery, John; Dimick, Justin B.; Telem, Dana A. (2018-09-11).
1345:
1255:
1247:
1212:
1078:
965:
892:
847:
793:
689:
681:
673:
511:
495:
491:
466:
405:
398:
397:
220:
202:
194:
186:
2600:
Arráez-Aybar LA, González-GĂłmez CC, Torres-GarcĂa AJ (May 2009).
2055:
Park, Adrian E.; Roth, J. Scott; Kavic, Stephen M. (2006-05-01).
1395:
Some complications from surgery in order of prevalence include a
1092:
Parastomal hernias, which is when tissue protrudes adjacent to a
1038:
hernia: a hernia in the lumbar region (not to be confused with a
632:
The physiological school of thought contends that in the case of
215:
Various types of hernias can occur, most commonly involving the
4884:
3584:
2602:"Morgagni-Larrey parasternal diaphragmatic hernia in the adult"
2264:"Multidetector CT reveals diverse variety of abdominal hernias"
3177:"Hernia repair mesh-associated Mycobacterium goodii infection"
1139:
or any of its warning signs. It is named after German surgeon
1115:, for example, when part of inguinal hernia projects from the
910:. Intestinal organs may herniate through several parts of the
1366:
are often called "tension free" repairs because, unlike some
1194:: a hernia in the groin in front of the femoral blood vessels
1111:
Properitoneal hernia: rare hernia located directly above the
336:. Open surgery has the benefit of possibly being done under
1302:
Less pain during the first few days following the procedure
1125:: entrapment of portions of the small intestine behind the
982:: containing the appendix vermiformis within the hernia sac
410:
Incarcerated umbilical hernia with surrounding inflammation
328:, which have more complications. If strangulation occurs,
189:, meaning 'rupture') is the abnormal exit of tissue or an
1272:, or robotic techniques. Fixing an inguinal hernia using
879:) serves as a functional "defect", allowing part of the
3388:"Complications in groin hernia surgery and the way out"
2296:
Goers TA, Klingensmith ME, Chen LE, Glasgow SC (2008).
1157:
are often involved. The term also frequently refers to
1785:"Etiology of Inguinal Hernias: A Comprehensive Review"
2726:
Nguyen JT, Nguyen JL, Wheatley MJ, Nguyen TA (2013).
1268:
Three primary methods can be utilized: open surgery,
265:
Risk factors for the development of a hernia include
3446:
2781:
The
Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association
1760:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 9 August 2014.
262:
but may also cause chest pain or pain while eating.
4954:
4922:
4839:
4725:
4718:
4659:
4573:
4530:
4376:
4367:
4320:
4274:
4229:
4115:
4002:
3892:
3879:
3754:
3628:
3619:
3517:
3450:
3015:. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2816:Sharma N, Kumar N, Verma R, Jhobta A (2017-05-31).
1220:being performed aboard the amphibious assault ship
465:. In the case of reducible hernias, a bulge in the
426:, may protrude. Another common hernia involves the
159:
151:
143:
130:
100:
92:
80:
70:
58:
35:
1981:International Journal of Surgery (London, England)
974:, also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia
3230:The European Journal of Surgery = Acta Chirurgica
922:), or anteromedial-retrosternal (in the cleft of
586:bouts, sharp blows to the abdomen, and incorrect
334:laparoscopic surgery, or robotic-assisted surgery
332:is required. Repair may be done by open surgery,
96:< 1 year and > 50 years old (groin hernias)
1102:: a type of umbilical hernia occurring in adults
2239:"What is Hernia? - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis"
301:causing predisposition to hernias seem to have
5000:Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system
4896:
3596:
2606:Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas /
686:An incarcerated inguinal hernia as seen on CT
293:, among others. Predisposition to hernias is
8:
3702:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
2452:"Management of Groin Hernias in Adults-2018"
1642:
1640:
3279:Journal of the American College of Surgeons
1928:"Genetic study of indirect inguinal hernia"
1694:
1692:
610:, and also, fluid in the abdominal cavity (
461:Symptoms may or may not be present in some
440:occurs when the stomach protrudes into the
402:Frontal view of an inguinal hernia (right).
76:Pain especially with coughing, bulging area
4903:
4889:
4881:
4722:
4373:
3889:
3741:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
3625:
3603:
3589:
3581:
3447:
2503:
2501:
2030:. I. K. International Pvt Ltd. p. 6.
1362:are used to keep the mesh in place. These
891:itself slides through the defect into the
297:and occur more often in certain families.
212:in the healthy embryo at about 7½ weeks.
41:
32:
3421:
3403:
3353:
3241:
3200:
3151:
3141:
3100:
2927:
2841:
2792:
2751:
2702:
2692:
2576:
2566:
2525:
2514:Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports
2426:
2416:
2176:
2127:
2000:
1951:
1859:
1810:
1800:
1783:Ă–berg S, Andresen K, Rosenberg J (2017).
1724:
1672:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1087:complicated by a large parastomal hernia.
1028:. It is named after the French anatomist
996:is squeezed across structures within the
454:caused by a disruption or opening in the
1748:
1746:
1744:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1279:
1252:Inguinal hernia repair with mesh diagram
926:(sternocostal triangle), resulting in a
592:
528:Untreated hernia may be complicated by:
2732:The Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery
1442:
918:(lumbocostal triangle), resulting in a
501:In the diagnosis of abdominal hernias,
4914:diaphragm and abdominal wall defects,
3322:"Mortality after groin hernia surgery"
446:through the esophageal opening in the
3969:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3062:
3060:
3034:
3032:
3006:
3004:
3002:
751:Femoral hernias occur just below the
678:Ultrasound showing an inguinal hernia
617:Also, if muscles are weakened due to
271:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
108:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
7:
3576:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2775:Masoumi A, Ramogida G (April 2020).
2027:Essentials of Abdominal Wall Hernias
1260:Laparoscopic hernia repair with mesh
1240:, trunks, belts, etc.) are unclear.
1042:), contains the following entities:
629:, hernias are more likely to occur.
3175:Sohail MR, Smilack JD (June 2004).
1514:The New England Journal of Medicine
1284:, as compared to open mesh surgery
1164:Sciatic hernia: this hernia in the
868:through a defect in the diaphragm.
422:, or abdominal organs covered with
199:development of the intestinal tract
174:
3338:10.1097/01.sla.0000251364.32698.4b
1764:from the original on 16 March 2015
1558:The 5-minute clinical consult 2014
1428:Many patients are managed through
636:, the above-mentioned are only an
362:laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication
223:. Groin hernias are most commonly
25:
4854:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
4701:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
3392:Journal of Minimal Access Surgery
3291:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.05.008
2681:World Journal of Gastroenterology
2369:Balentine JR. Stöppler MC (ed.).
231:. Other types of hernias include
4599:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
3181:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
3013:The Washington Manual of Surgery
2900:The Journal of Surgical Research
2326:onlinedictionary.datasegment.com
2298:The Washington manual of surgery
2044:from the original on 2017-09-08.
1575:from the original on 2017-08-22.
895:, or non-sliding (also known as
494:may occur in these cases due to
4937:Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
3840:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
3835:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
3712:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
3193:10.1128/JCM.42.6.2858-2860.2004
2876:from the original on 2017-07-14
2381:from the original on 2010-05-31
2262:Lee HK, Park SJ, Yi BH (2010).
2220:from the original on 2010-02-13
992:that occurs when a part of the
904:congenital diaphragmatic hernia
4594:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
4444:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
4266:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
3011:Klingensmith, Mary E. (2008).
1403:formation, urinary retention,
1159:sliding hernias of the stomach
808:may be a contributing factor.
1:
4651:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
2169:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2
2120:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4
1717:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1
1665:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
1411:, including rejection of the
4560:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
4079:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
3687:Esophageal motility disorder
2969:10.1097/SLA.0b013e318165b0ff
2870:U.K. National Health Service
2568:10.1371/journal.pone.0138745
2073:10.1067/j.cpsurg.2006.02.004
1993:10.1097/JS9.0000000000000217
1390:Post-Operative Complications
2822:Polish Journal of Radiology
2061:Current Problems in Surgery
1932:Journal of Medical Genetics
1372:tension-free suture methods
1119:to the preperitoneal space.
728:inferior epigastric vessels
694:X-ray of colonic herniation
126:, connective tissue disease
5026:
4545:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
4069:Functional colonic disease
3865:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
3243:10.1080/110241502321116451
3085:10.1007/s11701-021-01312-6
3073:Journal of Robotic Surgery
2744:10.1177/229255031302100408
2527:10.1016/j.epsc.2013.09.002
2274:(5): 27–31. Archived from
1311:Lower risk of chronic pain
1202:
841:
815:
777:
744:
667:
640:symptom of the underlying
3746:Acute esophageal necrosis
2912:10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.054
2399:Desarda MP (April 2003).
1897:10.1007/s10029-013-1147-y
1852:10.1007/s10029-016-1491-9
1282:Laparoscopic mesh surgery
1180:superficial inguinal ring
889:gastroesophageal junction
860:, viewed from the front).
287:collagen vascular disease
124:collagen vascular disease
49:
40:
3845:Gastric dumping syndrome
3720:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
3707:Diffuse esophageal spasm
3143:10.5114/wiitm.2014.43080
1802:10.3389/fsurg.2017.00052
1350:da Vinci Surgical System
1186:Tibialis anterior hernia
715:cases, they may require
708:indirect inguinal hernia
700:indirect inguinal hernia
597:Common sites for hernias
227:hernias but may also be
52:indirect inguinal hernia
4461:Alcoholic liver disease
3994:Bile acid malabsorption
3938:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
3405:10.4103/0972-9941.27734
2694:10.3748/wjg.v12.i9.1479
2468:10.1001/jama.2018.10680
2057:"Abdominal Wall Hernia"
1209:Inguinal hernia surgery
1166:greater sciatic foramen
1141:August Gottlieb Richter
1024:: a hernia involving a
960:: a hernia through the
219:, and specifically the
4471:Hepatic encephalopathy
3855:Buried bumper syndrome
3786:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
3670:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
3613:human digestive system
1379:tension suture methods
1351:
1261:
1253:
1228:
1088:
1010:Double indirect hernia
861:
735:double indirect hernia
712:direct inguinal hernia
704:direct inguinal hernia
695:
687:
679:
598:
540:of any lumen, such as
520:
411:
403:
358:proton pump inhibitors
4916:abdominopelvic cavity
4696:Pancreatic pseudocyst
4565:Porcelain gallbladder
3677:Zenker's diverticulum
2418:10.1186/1471-2482-3-2
1527:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068
1349:
1321:Longer operation time
1259:
1251:
1216:
1082:
1026:Meckel's diverticulum
1004:Broad ligament hernia
990:intracranial pressure
914:, posterolateral (in
851:
693:
685:
677:
650:transversus abdominis
596:
544:in intestinal hernias
515:
409:
401:
299:Deleterious mutations
4974:Prune belly syndrome
4500:Hepatorenal syndrome
4439:Budd–Chiari syndrome
4396:Autoimmune hepatitis
4221:Intestinal adhesions
3979:Short bowel syndrome
3808:Functional dyspepsia
3726:Esophageal stricture
3692:Nutcracker esophagus
2334:Citing: Webster 1913
1944:10.1136/jmg.31.3.187
1789:Frontiers in Surgery
1711:(10053): 1459–1544.
1659:(10053): 1545–1602.
1100:Paraumbilical hernia
924:foramina of Morgagni
916:Bochdalek's triangle
844:Diaphragmatic hernia
648:extensions from the
608:chronic lung disease
147:Observation, surgery
54:(view from the side)
4995:Disorders of fascia
4639:Choledocholithiasis
4510:Metabolic disorders
4476:Acute liver failure
4449:Portal hypertension
4401:Alcoholic hepatitis
4244:Radiation proctitis
4163:Mesenteric ischemia
4135:Gastroenterocolitis
3964:Blind loop syndrome
3774:Ménétrier's disease
3682:Barrett's esophagus
2834:10.12659/PJR.900846
2559:2015PLoSO..1038745B
2375:eMedicineHealth.com
2351:on October 28, 2008
2243:www.pristyncare.com
1364:mesh repair methods
1285:
283:peritoneal dialysis
256:bowel strangulation
155:18.5 million (2015)
136:Based on symptoms,
120:peritoneal dialysis
87:Bowel strangulation
18:Strangulated hernia
4924:Thoracic diaphragm
4814:Undefined location
4805:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
4706:Pancreatic fistula
4689:Pancreatic abscess
4644:Biliary dyskinesia
4615:Mirizzi's syndrome
4116:Large and/or small
3796:Dieulafoy's lesion
3665:Boerhaave syndrome
3518:External resources
2646:10.1111/codi.15039
2634:Colorectal Disease
2268:Diagnostic Imaging
1555:Domino FJ (2014).
1352:
1280:
1262:
1254:
1229:
1117:deep inguinal ring
1089:
1056:Grynfeltt's hernia
1040:lumbar disc hernia
862:
830:, they are termed
696:
688:
680:
599:
555:of the hernial sac
521:
412:
404:
394:Signs and symptoms
364:may be an option.
352:. The medications
342:general anesthesia
289:and previous open
4982:
4981:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4714:
4713:
4316:
4315:
4173:Bowel obstruction
3875:
3874:
3555:
3554:
3326:Annals of Surgery
3022:978-0-7817-7447-5
2957:Annals of Surgery
2462:(10): 1029–1030.
2307:978-0-7817-7447-5
2210:"Inguinal hernia"
2114:(9995): 743–800.
2024:Nigam VK (2009).
1615:10.1136/bmj.g6154
1330:
1329:
1137:bowel obstruction
1123:Retrocolic hernia
1072:: hernia through
958:Epigastric hernia
928:Morgagni's hernia
908:pediatric surgery
877:esophageal hiatus
826:incisions in the
818:Incisional hernia
804:of fibers at the
753:inguinal ligament
604:enlarged prostate
542:bowel obstruction
330:immediate surgery
313:is often done by
241:umbilical hernias
167:
166:
132:Diagnostic method
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5017:
4942:Bochdalek hernia
4905:
4898:
4891:
4882:
4866:Pneumoperitoneum
4723:
4633:Common bile duct
4515:Wilson's disease
4505:Peliosis hepatis
4374:
4251:Proctalgia fugax
4158:Abdominal angina
4083:Ogilvie syndrome
4032:Pseudomembranous
3890:
3850:Gastric volvulus
3815:Pyloric stenosis
3626:
3611:Diseases of the
3605:
3598:
3591:
3582:
3577:
3448:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3407:
3383:
3368:
3367:
3357:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3245:
3236:(8–9): 460–463.
3221:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3155:
3145:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3036:
3027:
3026:
3008:
2997:
2996:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2755:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2696:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2640:(9): 1197–1198.
2628:
2622:
2621:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2508:Jones R (2013).
2505:
2496:
2495:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2420:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2347:. Archived from
2341:
2335:
2333:
2328:. Archived from
2318:
2312:
2311:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2163:(9963): 117–71.
2148:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2004:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1955:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1750:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1598:
1577:
1576:
1552:
1539:
1538:
1508:
1409:post-operatively
1299:Quicker recovery
1286:
1133:Richter's hernia
1070:Obturator hernia
1050:Jean Louis Petit
1006:, of the uterus.
986:Brain herniation
972:Spigelian hernia
953:Umbilical hernia
920:Bochdalek hernia
887:", in which the
800:women. Abnormal
780:Umbilical hernia
724:pantaloon hernia
507:Multidetector CT
463:inguinal hernias
338:local anesthesia
322:watchful waiting
176:
45:
33:
21:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5014:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4950:
4918:
4909:
4879:
4870:
4835:
4824:Internal hernia
4710:
4655:
4620:Biliary fistula
4578:
4569:
4555:Adenomyomatosis
4550:Cholesterolosis
4526:
4520:Hemochromatosis
4391:Viral hepatitis
4363:
4312:
4270:
4256:Rectal prolapse
4225:
4192:Fecal impaction
4182:Intussusception
4145:Crohn's disease
4111:
4094:Toxic megacolon
4006:
4004:Large intestine
3998:
3943:Curling's ulcer
3896:
3894:Small intestine
3883:
3871:
3779:Gastroenteritis
3750:
3615:
3609:
3568:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3513:
3512:
3459:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3385:
3384:
3371:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3049:
3047:
3044:www.nice.org.uk
3038:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2877:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2553:(9): e0138745.
2540:
2539:
2535:
2520:(10): 331–332.
2507:
2506:
2499:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2371:"Hernia Causes"
2368:
2367:
2363:
2354:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2279:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2214:The Mayo Clinic
2208:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2038:
2023:
2022:
2018:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1752:
1751:
1742:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1600:
1599:
1580:
1569:
1554:
1553:
1542:
1510:
1509:
1444:
1439:
1426:
1391:
1356:mesh prosthesis
1246:
1234:
1211:
1203:Main articles:
1201:
1155:urinary bladder
1106:Perineal hernia
1083:Patient with a
1074:obturator canal
1022:Littre's hernia
980:Amyand's hernia
936:
897:para-esophageal
858:coronal section
846:
840:
832:ventral hernias
820:
814:
782:
776:
768:Cooper's hernia
761:inguinal hernia
749:
743:
672:
670:Inguinal hernia
666:
661:
634:inguinal hernia
580:
526:
517:Inguinal hernia
396:
387:
378:
326:femoral hernias
307:medical imaging
229:femoral hernias
138:medical imaging
65:General surgery
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5023:
5021:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4987:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4956:Abdominal wall
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4928:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4885:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4861:Hemoperitoneum
4858:
4857:
4856:
4845:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4731:
4729:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4665:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4585:
4583:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4382:
4380:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4332:
4330:Blood in stool
4326:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4303:Anal dysplasia
4300:
4295:
4290:
4280:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4170:
4168:Angiodysplasia
4165:
4160:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4103:Diverticulosis
4099:Diverticulitis
4096:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4076:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3989:Milroy disease
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3959:Tropical sprue
3956:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3912:
3910:
3887:
3881:Lower GI tract
3877:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3634:
3632:
3623:
3621:Upper GI tract
3617:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3566:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3534:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3499:
3480:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:Classification
3444:
3443:External links
3441:
3438:
3437:
3398:(3): 174–177.
3369:
3332:(4): 656–660.
3312:
3285:(3): 363–369.
3265:
3216:
3187:(6): 2858–60.
3167:
3116:
3079:(4): 775–781.
3056:
3028:
3021:
2998:
2963:(3): 428–433.
2943:
2886:
2857:
2808:
2767:
2718:
2687:(9): 1479–80.
2667:
2623:
2592:
2533:
2497:
2442:
2391:
2361:
2336:
2332:on 2008-11-20.
2322:"Incarcerated"
2313:
2306:
2288:
2254:
2230:
2201:
2192:
2143:
2094:
2067:(5): 326–375.
2047:
2036:
2016:
1987:(3): 333–342.
1967:
1918:
1875:
1826:
1775:
1740:
1688:
1636:
1578:
1567:
1540:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1425:
1422:
1389:
1333:Robot-assisted
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1292:Disadvantages
1290:
1245:
1242:
1233:
1230:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:Velpeau hernia
1189:
1183:
1173:
1162:
1147:Sliding hernia
1144:
1130:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1077:
1076:
1067:
1064:Maydl's hernia
1061:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1046:Petit's hernia
1033:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
983:
977:
976:
975:
969:
955:
947:Abdominal wall
935:
932:
842:Main article:
839:
836:
816:Main article:
813:
810:
790:abdominal wall
786:umbilical cord
778:Main article:
775:
772:
747:Femoral hernia
745:Main article:
742:
739:
668:Main article:
665:
662:
660:
657:
619:poor nutrition
579:
576:
575:
574:
573:strangulation.
570:Irreducibility
567:
561:
556:
550:
545:
535:
525:
522:
420:adipose tissue
395:
392:
386:
383:
377:
374:
348:and adjusting
311:hiatus hernias
193:, such as the
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
134:
128:
127:
104:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
62:
56:
55:
50:Diagram of an
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5022:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4969:Gastroschisis
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4906:
4901:
4899:
4894:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4735:Diaphragmatic
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4717:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:Cholecystitis
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4483:Liver abscess
4481:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4466:Liver failure
4464:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4123:Enterocolitis
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3950:Malabsorption
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Gastroparesis
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3791:Cushing ulcer
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:Megaesophagus
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2887:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2627:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2612:(5): 357–66.
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2392:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2278:on 2010-06-18
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2255:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2037:9788189866938
2033:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1938:(3): 187–92.
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:(4): 507–12.
1890:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:(1): 95–100.
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1568:9781451188509
1564:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:(8): 756–63.
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1341:herniorrhaphy
1337:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1218:Hernia repair
1215:
1210:
1206:
1205:Hernia repair
1198:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1176:Sports hernia
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:Alexis Littré
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:Hiatus hernia
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
973:
970:
967:
963:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
948:
945:
944:
943:
941:
934:Other hernias
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:hiatus hernia
869:
867:
859:
855:
854:hiatus hernia
852:Diagram of a
850:
845:
838:Diaphragmatic
837:
835:
833:
829:
825:
819:
811:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
773:
771:
769:
764:
762:
758:
757:femoral canal
754:
748:
740:
738:
736:
731:
729:
725:
720:
718:
713:
709:
705:
701:
692:
684:
676:
671:
663:
658:
656:
653:
651:
647:
643:
642:physiological
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
595:
591:
589:
585:
577:
571:
568:
565:
562:
560:
557:
554:
551:
549:
548:Strangulation
546:
543:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
529:
524:Complications
523:
518:
514:
510:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
479:
477:
473:
468:
464:
459:
457:
451:
449:
445:
444:
439:
438:hiatus hernia
435:
434:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
400:
393:
391:
384:
382:
375:
373:
371:
370:Ebers Papyrus
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:eating habits
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
163:59,800 (2015)
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
85:
83:
82:Complications
79:
75:
73:
69:
66:
63:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
4931:
4813:
4792:
4726:
4669:Pancreatitis
4631:
4581:biliary tree
4454:Nutmeg liver
4431:
4357:Hematochezia
4308:Pruritus ani
4293:Anal abscess
4288:Anal fistula
4284:Anal fissure
4197:Constipation
4151:
4022:Appendicitis
3830:Gastroptosis
3820:Achlorhydria
3659:
3648:Eosinophilic
3573:
3536:
3525:
3501:
3482:
3463:
3395:
3391:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3136:(3): 415–9.
3133:
3129:
3119:
3076:
3072:
3048:. Retrieved
3046:. 2004-09-22
3043:
3012:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2878:. Retrieved
2869:
2860:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2787:(1): 88–91.
2784:
2780:
2770:
2738:(4): 243–7.
2735:
2731:
2721:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2517:
2513:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2383:. Retrieved
2374:
2364:
2353:. Retrieved
2349:the original
2339:
2330:the original
2325:
2316:
2297:
2291:
2280:. Retrieved
2276:the original
2271:
2267:
2257:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:
2233:
2222:. Retrieved
2213:
2204:
2195:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2026:
2019:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1757:
1708:
1704:
1656:
1652:
1606:
1602:
1557:
1518:
1512:
1427:
1418:inguinodynia
1394:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1353:
1338:
1331:
1281:
1267:
1263:
1235:
1223:
1143:(1742–1812).
1052:(1674–1750).
1032:(1658–1726).
937:
901:
896:
884:
870:
866:chest cavity
863:
821:
788:through the
783:
767:
765:
750:
732:
721:
697:
654:
631:
627:overexertion
616:
600:
581:
533:Inflammation
527:
500:
480:
460:
452:
441:
431:
428:spinal discs
413:
388:
385:Epidemiology
379:
376:Pathogenesis
372:from Egypt.
366:
340:rather than
319:
291:appendectomy
264:
253:
214:
182:
178:
170:
168:
102:Risk factors
4964:Omphalocele
4849:Peritonitis
4611:Cholestasis
4589:Cholangitis
4532:Gallbladder
4420:Fatty liver
4340:Hematemesis
4322:GI bleeding
4128:Necrotizing
4057:Lymphocytic
4052:Collagenous
4047:Microscopic
3984:Steatorrhea
3885:Enteropathy
3731:Inlet patch
3653:Herpetiform
3638:Esophagitis
3574:MedlinePlus
3527:MedlinePlus
2828:: 293–295.
2405:BMC Surgery
1758:MedlinePlus
1430:day surgery
1289:Advantages
1274:laparoscopy
1270:laparoscopy
802:decussation
646:aponeurotic
538:Obstruction
474:around the
443:mediastinum
430:and causes
354:H2 blockers
346:weight loss
93:Usual onset
5010:Acute pain
4989:Categories
4912:Congenital
4841:Peritoneal
4819:Incisional
4740:Congenital
4684:Hereditary
4661:Pancreatic
4625:Haemobilia
4298:Hemorrhoid
4276:Anal canal
4214:Infectious
4202:Functional
4037:Ulcerative
3921:Duodenitis
3860:Gastrinoma
3050:2023-11-09
2880:2017-07-23
2385:2010-05-24
2355:2010-05-24
2282:2010-06-25
2248:2023-12-16
2224:2010-05-24
1437:References
1405:neuralgias
1172:neuralgia.
1113:peritoneum
964:above the
962:linea alba
828:linea alba
824:laparotomy
812:Incisional
806:linea alba
638:anatomical
564:Autoimmune
559:Hemorrhage
476:testicular
424:peritoneum
249:defecating
237:incisional
4829:Richter's
4786:Spigelian
4781:Obturator
4771:Umbilical
4604:Ascending
4575:Bile duct
4408:Cirrhosis
4386:Hepatitis
4369:Accessory
4239:Proctitis
4090:Megacolon
4064:Dysentery
3974:Whipple's
3926:Jejunitis
3916:Enteritis
3803:Dyspepsia
3764:Gastritis
3697:Achalasia
3630:Esophagus
3543:emerg/251
3538:eMedicine
3414:0972-9941
3346:0003-4932
3299:1879-1190
3252:1102-4151
3093:1863-2483
2977:0003-4932
2920:1095-8673
2906:: 64–72.
2662:212739555
2492:205095374
2476:1538-3598
2377:. WebMD.
2081:0011-3840
1609:: g6154.
1199:Treatment
1127:mesocolon
1085:colostomy
966:umbilicus
949:hernias:
912:diaphragm
774:Umbilical
659:Diagnosis
553:Hydrocele
448:diaphragm
315:endoscopy
279:pregnancy
260:heartburn
245:urinating
208:into the
152:Frequency
144:Treatment
116:pregnancy
106:Smoking,
60:Specialty
4759:Indirect
4754:Inguinal
4488:Pyogenic
4433:Vascular
4209:Diarrhea
4187:Volvulus
4153:Vascular
4092: /
4081: /
4042:Ischemic
4009:Appendix
3899:Duodenum
3769:Atrophic
3643:Candidal
3570:"hernia"
3546:ped/2559
3432:21187992
3364:17414617
3307:21680204
3260:12549685
3211:15184492
3162:25337167
3111:34609697
2993:22487510
2985:18376185
2938:33002663
2874:Archived
2866:"Hernia"
2852:28638493
2803:32476672
2762:24497767
2713:16552826
2654:32180330
2618:19527083
2587:26389785
2547:PLOS ONE
2484:30128503
2437:12697071
2379:Archived
2218:Archived
2187:25530442
2138:26063472
2089:16679124
2042:Archived
2011:37093073
2002:10389329
1913:22999363
1905:23925543
1870:27115767
1821:29018803
1768:12 March
1762:Archived
1754:"Hernia"
1735:27733281
1683:27733282
1623:25341679
1573:Archived
1535:25693015
1424:Recovery
1401:hematoma
1153:and the
798:pregnant
664:Inguinal
584:coughing
566:problems
488:vomiting
433:sciatica
303:dominant
225:inguinal
72:Symptoms
5005:Hernias
4800:Petit's
4776:Femoral
4679:Chronic
4493:Amoebic
4261:Anismus
4027:Colitis
3954:Coeliac
3931:Ileitis
3903:Jejunum
3756:Stomach
3660:Rupture
3508:D006547
3423:2999781
3355:1877035
3153:4198637
3102:9314304
2929:7968932
2843:5462483
2794:7250514
2753:3910527
2704:4124335
2578:4577082
2555:Bibcode
2178:4340604
2129:4561509
1962:8014965
1953:1049739
1861:5281683
1812:5614933
1726:5388903
1674:5055577
1631:7141090
1360:staples
1307:seromas
1244:Surgery
1238:trusses
1170:sciatic
940:eponyms
885:sliding
881:stomach
741:Femoral
717:surgery
710:and a
623:smoking
612:ascites
588:posture
503:imaging
472:scrotum
416:abdomen
295:genetic
275:obesity
267:smoking
217:abdomen
210:abdomen
185:, from
183:herniae
179:hernias
112:obesity
4932:Hernia
4794:Lumbar
4764:Direct
4747:Hiatus
4727:Hernia
4579:Other
4345:Melena
4231:Rectum
3714:(GERD)
3564:Curlie
3560:Hernia
3532:000960
3430:
3420:
3412:
3362:
3352:
3344:
3305:
3297:
3258:
3250:
3209:
3202:427896
3199:
3160:
3150:
3109:
3099:
3091:
3019:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2936:
2926:
2918:
2850:
2840:
2801:
2791:
2760:
2750:
2711:
2701:
2660:
2652:
2616:
2585:
2575:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2435:
2428:155644
2425:
2304:
2185:
2175:
2157:Lancet
2136:
2126:
2108:Lancet
2087:
2079:
2034:
2009:
1999:
1960:
1950:
1911:
1903:
1885:Hernia
1868:
1858:
1840:Hernia
1819:
1809:
1795:: 52.
1733:
1723:
1705:Lancet
1681:
1671:
1653:Lancet
1629:
1621:
1565:
1533:
1397:seroma
1368:suture
1224:Bataan
1096:tract.
1036:Lumbar
625:, and
578:Causes
484:Nausea
478:area.
456:fascia
239:, and
233:hiatus
206:coelom
171:hernia
160:Deaths
36:Hernia
4719:Other
4674:Acute
4425:MASLD
4378:Liver
4352:Lower
4335:Upper
4177:Ileus
4013:Colon
3907:Ileum
3722:(LPR)
2989:S2CID
2658:S2CID
2488:S2CID
2411:: 2.
1909:S2CID
1627:S2CID
1232:Truss
1151:colon
1094:stoma
998:skull
994:brain
893:chest
794:obese
496:bowel
492:fever
490:, or
467:groin
221:groin
203:navel
195:bowel
191:organ
187:Latin
4107:SCAD
3503:MeSH
3488:9-CM
3428:PMID
3410:ISSN
3360:PMID
3342:ISSN
3303:PMID
3295:ISSN
3256:PMID
3248:ISSN
3207:PMID
3158:PMID
3107:PMID
3089:ISSN
3017:ISBN
2981:PMID
2973:ISSN
2934:PMID
2916:ISSN
2848:PMID
2799:PMID
2758:PMID
2709:PMID
2650:PMID
2614:PMID
2583:PMID
2480:PMID
2472:ISSN
2456:JAMA
2433:PMID
2302:ISBN
2183:PMID
2134:PMID
2085:PMID
2077:ISSN
2032:ISBN
2007:PMID
1958:PMID
1901:PMID
1866:PMID
1817:PMID
1770:2015
1731:PMID
1679:PMID
1619:PMID
1563:ISBN
1531:PMID
1413:mesh
1222:USS
1207:and
436:. A
4413:PBC
4140:IBD
4074:IBS
3562:at
3497:553
3493:550
3484:ICD
3478:K46
3474:K40
3465:ICD
3418:PMC
3400:doi
3350:PMC
3334:doi
3330:245
3287:doi
3283:213
3238:doi
3234:168
3197:PMC
3189:doi
3148:PMC
3138:doi
3097:PMC
3081:doi
2965:doi
2961:247
2924:PMC
2908:doi
2904:258
2838:PMC
2830:doi
2789:PMC
2748:PMC
2740:doi
2699:PMC
2689:doi
2642:doi
2610:101
2573:PMC
2563:doi
2522:doi
2464:doi
2460:320
2423:PMC
2413:doi
2173:PMC
2165:doi
2161:385
2124:PMC
2116:doi
2112:386
2069:doi
1997:PMC
1989:doi
1985:109
1948:PMC
1940:doi
1893:doi
1856:PMC
1848:doi
1807:PMC
1797:doi
1721:PMC
1713:doi
1709:388
1669:PMC
1661:doi
1657:388
1611:doi
1607:349
1603:BMJ
1523:doi
1519:372
930:).
796:or
614:).
606:),
590:.
356:or
247:or
181:or
175:pl.
4991::
4577:/
4175::
4156::
3952::
3572:.
3541::
3530::
3506::
3491::
3472::
3469:10
3426:.
3416:.
3408:.
3394:.
3390:.
3372:^
3358:.
3348:.
3340:.
3328:.
3324:.
3301:.
3293:.
3281:.
3277:.
3254:.
3246:.
3232:.
3228:.
3205:.
3195:.
3185:42
3183:.
3179:.
3156:.
3146:.
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