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187:), depending on the type of streambed material and water velocity. Streambeds are what would be left once a stream is no longer in existence. The beds are usually well preserved even if they get buried because the banks and canyons made by the stream are typically hard, although soft sand and debris often fill the bed. Dry, buried streambeds can actually be underground water pockets. During times of rain, sandy streambeds can soak up and retain water, even during dry seasons, keeping the water table close enough to the surface to be obtainable by local people.
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295:). The majority of sediment washed out in higher flows is "near-threshold" sediment that has been deposited during normal flow and only needs a slightly higher flow to become mobile again. This shows that the streambed is left mostly unchanged in size and shape over time. In urban and suburban areas with little natural vegetation, high levels of
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a stream receives and therefore the amount of water flowing over the streambed. A streambed is usually a mix of particle sizes which depends on the water velocity and the materials introduced from upstream and from the watershed. Particle sizes can range from very fine silts and clays to large
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is transported, eroded and deposited on the streambed. Deposition usually occurs on the inside of curves, where water velocity slows, and erosion occurs on the outside of stream curves, where velocity is higher. This continued erosion and deposition of sediment tends to create
575:
Blöschl, GĂŒnter; Hall, Julia; Viglione, Alberto; PerdigĂŁo, Rui A. P.; Parajka, Juraj; Merz, Bruno; Lun, David; Arheimer, Berit; Aronica, Giuseppe T.; Bilibashi, Ardian; BohĂĄÄ, MiloĆ; Bonacci, Ognjen; Borga, Marco; Äanjevac, Ivan; Castellarin, Attilio (2019).
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can occur. This causes an increase in flooding and watershed erosion which can lead to thinner soils upslope. Streambeds can exhibit a greater amount of scour, often down to bedrock, and banks may be undercut causing
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291:, would slow and absorb peak flows. In such areas, streambeds should remain more stable and exhibit minimal scour. They should retain rich organic matter and, therefore continue to support a rich biota (
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may form when a section of stream or river goes around a small island and then rejoins the main channel. The buildup of sediment on a streambed may cause a channel to be abandoned in favor of a new one
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The streambed is very complex in terms of erosion and deposition. As the water flows downstream, different sized particles get sorted to different parts of a streambed as water velocity changes and
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The nature of any streambed is always a function of the flow dynamics and the local geologic materials. The climate of an area will determine the amount of
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often form as the stream meanders downhill. Pools can also form as water rushes over or around obstructions in the waterway.
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643:"Climate change exacerbates hurricane flood hazards along US Atlantic and Gulf Coasts in spatially varying patterns"
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The intensity and frequency of both drought and rain events are expected to increase with climate change.
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Under certain conditions a river can branch from one streambed to multiple streambeds. For example, an
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417:"Surface particle sizes on armoured gravel streambeds: Effects of supply and hydraulics"
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Garcia, Marcelo; Parker, Gary (1991). "Entrainment of Bed
Sediment into Suspension".
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of the stream. In streams with a low to moderate grade, deeper, slower water pools (
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708:"Self-organization of river channels as a critical filter on climate signals"
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394:(2nd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. pp. |pages=36-43.
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Marsooli, Reza; Lin, Ning; Emanuel, Kerry; Feng, Kairui (2019-08-22).
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of the waterway. Usually, the bed does not contain terrestrial (land)
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578:"Changing climate both increases and decreases European river floods"
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may form as small threads come and go within a main channel.
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and instead supports different types of aquatic vegetation (
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Stream
Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters
358:"Below sandy, dry riverbeds: A medicine against drought"
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456:"Persistence of armor layers in gravel-bed streams"
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
706:Phillips, Colin B.; Jerolmack, Douglas J. (2016).
530:"Conditions for branching in depositional rivers"
454:Wilcock, Peter R.; DeTemple, Brendan T. (2005).
299:, and no floodplain, unnaturally high levels of
30:"Riverbed" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1101:Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems
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528:Jerolmack, Douglas J.; Mohrig, David (2007).
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1166:Freshwater environmental quality parameters
27:Channel bottom of a stream, river, or creek
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415:Whiting, Peter J.; King, John G. (2003).
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2499:International scale of river difficulty
515:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1991)117:4(414)
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421:Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
226:, left behind after the river shifted
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143:A woman digs in a dry stream bed in
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1429:Oceanic physical-biological process
1291:List of freshwater ecoregions (WWF)
757:"Urbanization - Stormwater Runoff"
25:
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956:Colored dissolved organic matter
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503:Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
41:
2656:Flooded grasslands and savannas
1301:Latin America and the Caribbean
147:to find water during a drought.
52:needs additional citations for
1783:Ecological values of mangroves
1326:North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
1:
2822:Universal Soil Loss Equation
2772:Hydrological transport model
2666:Storm Water Management Model
1803:Marine conservation activism
1788:Fisheries and climate change
460:Geophysical Research Letters
1798:Human impact on marine life
1675:Davidson Seamount § Ecology
911:Aquatic population dynamics
243:) and faster shallow water
171:) and is confined within a
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2326:Antecedent drainage stream
755:US EPA, ORD (2015-12-23).
667:10.1038/s41467-019-11755-z
29:
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3062:River valley civilization
2945:Riparian-zone restoration
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1414:Marine primary production
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1308:List of marine ecoregions
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602:10.1038/s41586-019-1495-6
283:and vegetation of either
32:Riverbed (disambiguation)
3125:Countries without rivers
3100:Rivers by discharge rate
2812:Runoff model (reservoir)
2777:Infiltration (hydrology)
1660:Coastal biogeomorphology
1655:Marine coastal ecosystem
2797:River Continuum Concept
2562:Agricultural wastewater
1568:Paradox of the plankton
1379:Diel vertical migration
1273:Freshwater swamp forest
991:GIS and aquatic science
839:General components and
733:10.1126/science.aad3348
3120:River name etymologies
3047:Hydraulic civilization
2905:Floodplain restoration
2681:Point source pollution
2456:Sedimentary structures
1394:Large marine ecosystem
1086:Shoaling and schooling
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207:cobbles and boulders (
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2694:Industrial wastewater
2175:Sedimentary processes
1813:Marine protected area
1740:Salt pannes and pools
1515:Marine larval ecology
1490:Census of Marine Life
1374:Deep scattering layer
1331:San Francisco Estuary
1296:Africa and Madagascar
1121:Underwater camouflage
901:Aquatic biomonitoring
841:freshwater ecosystems
647:Nature Communications
390:Allan, David (2009).
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2837:Volumetric flow rate
2421:Riffle-pool sequence
1548:Marine bacteriophage
1510:Marine invertebrates
792:at Wikimedia Commons
480:10.1029/2004GL021772
61:improve this article
3011:Whitewater kayaking
3006:Whitewater canoeing
2807:Runoff curve number
2651:Flood pulse concept
1424:Ocean fertilization
1233:Trophic state index
1191:Lake stratification
921:Aquatic respiration
724:2016Sci...352..694P
659:2019NatCo..10.3785M
594:2019Natur.573..108B
546:2007Geo....35..463J
472:2005GeoRL..32.8402W
433:2003ESPL...28.1459W
224:Kaskaskia, Illinois
218:The old bed of the
159:is the bottom of a
3166:Freshwater ecology
3037:Aquatic toxicology
2950:Stream restoration
2915:Infiltration basin
2767:Hydrological model
2283:Sediment transport
2106:Estavelle/Inversac
1984:Subterranean river
1690:Intertidal wetland
1685:Intertidal ecology
1553:Marine prokaryotes
1495:Deep-sea community
1389:Iron fertilization
1312:Specific examples
1238:Upland and lowland
1156:Freshwater biology
1021:Microbial food web
931:Aquatic toxicology
874:Aquatic adaptation
827:Aquatic ecosystems
297:impervious surface
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3016:Whitewater slalom
2847:River engineering
2747:Groundwater model
2708:River measurement
2636:Flood forecasting
2451:Sedimentary basin
2308:Fluvial landforms
2213:Bed material load
1989:River bifurcation
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1111:Thermal pollution
1076:Ramsar Convention
1016:Microbial ecology
976:Fisheries science
916:Aquatic predation
788:Media related to
718:(6286): 694â697.
588:(7772): 108â111.
554:10.1130/G23308A.1
427:(13): 1459â1471.
318:Armor (hydrology)
220:Mississippi River
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16:(Redirected from
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1949:Blackwater river
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2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2165:Spring horizon
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:Mineral spring
2147:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2131:list in the US
2128:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2088:
2087:
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2074:
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2064:
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2057:Stream channel
2054:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Drainage basin
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1971:
1966:
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1956:
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1939:Alluvial river
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1596:Saltwater fish
1593:
1591:Marine reptile
1588:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1563:Marine viruses
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1540:Microorganisms
1536:
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1530:Wild fisheries
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1497:
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1486:
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1446:
1444:Thorson's rule
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1399:Marine biology
1396:
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1277:
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1258:Brackish marsh
1255:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:Lake ecosystem
1183:
1178:
1176:Hyporheic zone
1173:
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1152:
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1146:
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1078:
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1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:Microbial loop
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
971:Eutrophication
968:
963:
958:
953:
951:Cascade effect
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
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898:
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896:
891:
886:
879:Aquatic animal
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
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845:
844:
838:
831:
830:
825:
823:
822:
815:
808:
800:
794:
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779:
778:External links
776:
773:
772:
747:
698:
633:
567:
520:
509:(4): 414â435.
493:
446:
407:
400:
373:
362:www.un-ihe.org
343:
342:
340:
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336:
335:
330:
328:Hyporheic zone
325:
320:
313:
310:
301:surface runoff
268:
267:Climate change
265:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3178:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Riparian zone
3159:
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3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Water streams
3144:
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3126:
3123:
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3077:Surface water
3075:
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3072:Sacred waters
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Riparian zone
3055:
3053:
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3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:Body of water
3040:
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3017:
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3007:
3004:
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2999:
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2991:Riverboarding
2989:
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2710:and modelling
2706:
2700:
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2678:
2672:
2671:Return period
2669:
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2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
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2631:Flood control
2629:
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2626:Flood barrier
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2258:Palaeochannel
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1964:Channel types
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1715:Marine biomes
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1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Demersal fish
1614:
1612:
1611:Deep-sea fish
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1586:Marine mammal
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1117:
1116:Trophic level
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1107:
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1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Sediment trap
1079:
1077:
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1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:Phytoplankton
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922:
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912:
909:
907:
906:Aquatic plant
904:
902:
899:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
869:Anoxic waters
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401:9781402055829
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261:braided river
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216:
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205:
204:precipitation
197:
194:A stream bed
192:
188:
186:
185:aquatic plant
182:
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120:
117:February 2017
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3115:Flash floods
3067:River cruise
2964:River sports
2817:Stream gauge
2802:Rouse number
2792:Relief ratio
2641:Flood-meadow
2572:Urban runoff
2486:Fluvial flow
2471:River valley
2441:River island
2406:Meander scar
2321:Alluvial fan
2263:Progradation
2138:Karst spring
2082:Winterbourne
2051:
2037:Chalk stream
1999:River source
1974:Distributary
1770:Conservation
1621:Pelagic fish
1601:Coastal fish
1505:Marine fungi
1243:Water garden
1222:
1126:Water column
1071:Productivity
1046:Pelagic zone
1006:Macrobenthos
996:Hydrobiology
966:Ecohydrology
764:. Retrieved
760:
750:
715:
711:
701:
650:
646:
636:
611:11585/740407
585:
581:
570:
537:
533:
523:
506:
502:
496:
463:
459:
449:
424:
420:
410:
391:
365:. Retrieved
361:
323:Benthic zone
306:bank erosion
270:
249:
241:stream pools
229:
201:
156:
152:
150:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
76:"Stream bed"
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2976:Fly fishing
2900:Fish ladder
2885:Daylighting
2604:Flash flood
2567:First flush
2514:Plunge pool
2238:Downcutting
2223:Debris flow
2198:Aggradation
2072:Stream pool
1755:Sponge reef
1730:Rocky shore
1725:Oyster reef
1695:Kelp forest
1578:Vertebrates
1478:Marine life
1454:Viral shunt
1419:Marine snow
1321:Maharashtra
1228:Stream pool
1131:Zooplankton
1051:Photic zone
1011:Meiobenthos
864:Algal bloom
790:Stream beds
761:www.epa.gov
653:(1): 3785.
277:flood stage
3140:Categories
3082:Wild river
2762:Hydrograph
2752:Hack's law
2717:Baer's law
2661:Inundation
2646:Floodplain
2586:stormwater
2544:Whitewater
2416:Oxbow lake
2253:Knickpoint
2228:Deposition
2121:Hot spring
2062:Streamflow
2052:Stream bed
1969:Confluence
1735:Salt marsh
1670:Coral reef
1459:Whale fall
1439:Photophore
1316:Everglades
1284:Ecoregions
1223:Stream bed
1196:Macrophyte
1149:Freshwater
981:Food chain
894:Water bird
766:2023-06-08
540:(5): 463.
367:2023-06-08
339:References
281:floodplain
209:grain size
198:with rocks
181:vegetation
169:bathymetry
157:stream bed
87:newspapers
3156:Limnology
3052:Limnology
3001:Triathlon
2971:Canyoning
2940:Revetment
2870:Check dam
2782:Main stem
2539:Waterfall
2426:Point bar
2411:Mouth bar
2351:Billabong
2298:Water gap
2293:Wash load
2273:Saltation
2193:Anabranch
2116:Holy well
2004:Tributary
1760:Tide pool
1665:Cold seep
1449:Upwelling
1213:Rheotaxis
1206:Fish pond
1181:Limnology
1106:Substrate
1091:Siltation
961:Dead zone
675:2041-1723
620:1476-4687
562:0091-7613
488:0094-8276
285:grassland
252:anabranch
175:, or the
153:streambed
18:Streambed
2855:Aqueduct
2722:Baseflow
2689:Effluent
2366:Cut bank
2331:Avulsion
2208:Bed load
2188:Abrasion
1867:Category
1793:HERMIONE
1710:Mangrove
1520:Seagrass
1066:Pleuston
1061:Plankton
1041:Particle
986:Food web
742:27151865
693:31439853
628:31462777
312:See also
237:meanders
232:sediment
3032:Aquifer
3025:Related
2981:Rafting
2509:Meander
2504:Log jam
2466:Thalweg
2371:Estuary
2243:Erosion
2180:erosion
2092:Springs
2047:Current
2014:Streams
1954:Channel
1917:springs
1913:streams
1720:Mudflat
1680:Estuary
1650:Bay mud
1628:Seabird
1384:f-ratio
1367:General
1248:Wetland
1036:Neuston
1001:Hypoxia
946:Biomass
936:Benthos
852:General
720:Bibcode
712:Science
684:6706450
655:Bibcode
590:Bibcode
542:Bibcode
534:Geology
468:Bibcode
429:Bibcode
333:Thalweg
245:riffles
196:armored
173:channel
101:scholar
2827:WAFLEX
2699:Sewage
2582:Floods
2524:Riffle
2519:Rapids
2461:Strath
2431:Ravine
2356:Canyon
2111:Geyser
2042:Coulee
2027:Bourne
2022:Arroyo
1925:Rivers
1909:Rivers
1705:Lagoon
1031:Nekton
889:Mammal
884:Insect
740:
691:
681:
673:
626:
618:
582:Nature
560:
486:
398:
289:forest
273:Floods
161:stream
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2925:Levee
2910:Flume
2865:Canal
2609:Flood
2529:Shoal
2396:Gully
2391:Gulch
2361:Chine
2346:Bayou
2203:Armor
2155:Ponor
1930:lists
1096:Spawn
466:(8).
275:, or
259:). A
222:near
177:banks
165:river
145:Kenya
108:JSTOR
94:books
2955:Weir
2920:Leat
2584:and
2476:Wadi
2436:Rill
2401:Glen
2386:Gill
2336:Bank
2178:and
2143:list
2126:list
2097:list
2032:Burn
1915:and
1201:Pond
738:PMID
689:PMID
671:ISSN
624:PMID
616:ISSN
558:ISSN
484:ISSN
396:ISBN
80:news
2875:Dam
2341:Bar
2316:Ait
1263:Fen
1253:Bog
728:doi
716:352
679:PMC
663:doi
606:hdl
598:doi
586:573
550:doi
511:doi
507:117
476:doi
437:doi
287:or
163:or
155:or
63:by
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