6457:
6452:
147:
6480:
4304:
720:
124:
888:
of Rivera-Sylva and colleagues (2018), with clade names added by definition from Madzia et al. (2021). However, in 2023, Raven and colleagues proposed an alternate phylogeny for nodosaurids; instead of the traditional dichotomous split between nodosaurids and ankylosaurids, their analyses resulted in
751:, possessing small, leaf-shaped teeth. Unlike ankylosaurids, nodosaurids lacked mace-like tail clubs, instead having more flexible tail tips. Many nodosaurids had spikes projecting outward from their shoulders. One particularly well-preserved nodosaurid "mummy", the holotype of
893:
grade of these taxa comprising the monophyletic clades
Panoplosauridae, Polacanthidae and Struthiosauridae. These results are displayed in Topology B below. Corresponding clades are shown in matching colors for clarity, and ⊞ buttons can be clicked to expand nodes:
5094:
Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Kaluza, Jonatan; Leppe, Marcelo A.; Botelho, Joao F.; Palma-Liberona, José; Simon-Gutstein, Carolina; Fernández, Roy A.; Ortiz, Héctor; Milla, Verónica; Aravena, Bárbara (2021-12-01).
841:
was required as an internal specifier. In formally defining
Nodosauridae, Madzia and colleagues followed the previously established use for the clade, defining it as the largest clade including
4555:, and Weishampel, D. B. (2004). Chapter Seventeen: Ankylosauria. in The Dinosauria (2nd edition), Weishampel, D. B., Dodson, P., and OsmĂłlska, H., editors. University of California Press.
3864:. The name has been significantly refined in content since Abel first used it to unite all quadrupedal, plate-armoured ornithischians, now including a significant number of taxa from the
757:, preserves a nearly complete set of armor in life position, as well as the keratin covering and mineralized remains of the underlying skin, which indicate reddish pigments in a
5349:
Arbour, V.M.; Zanno, L.E.; Gates, T. (2016). "Ankylosaurian dinosaur palaeoenvironmental associations were influenced by extirpation, sea-level fluctuation, and geodispersal".
4897:
Arbour, V.M.; Zanno, L.E.; Gates, T. (2016). "Ankylosaurian dinosaur palaeoenvironmental associations were influenced by extirpation, sea-level fluctuation, and geodispersal".
6573:
4404:
4292:
6629:
5158:
Riguetti, Facundo; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Ponce, Denis; Salgado, Leonardo; ApesteguĂa, Sebastián; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Arbour, Victoria (2022-12-31).
4932:
Riguetti, Facundo; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Ponce, Denis; Salgado, Leonardo; ApesteguĂa, Sebastián; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Arbour, Victoria (2022-12-31).
5041:"Latest Cretaceous Occurrence of Nodosaurid Ankylosaurs (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) in Western North America and the Gradual Extinction of the Dinosaurs"
6560:
6619:
3961:
by Madzia and colleagues for the group found in many previous analyses, both morphological and phylogenetic. Panoplosaurini includes not only the
6456:
6634:
5411:
5312:
Thompson, R.S.; Parish, J.C.; Maidment, S.C.R.; Barrett, P.M. (2012). "Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)".
4803:
Thompson, R.S.; Parish, J.C.; Maidment, S.C.R.; Barrett, P.M. (2012). "Phylogeny of the ankylosaurian dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)".
4001:. However, in the study describing it, its authors only placed it as a nodosaurine outside Panoplosaurini. The approximately equivalent clade
730:
736:
Nodosaurids, like their sister group the ankylosaurids, were heavily armored dinosaurs adorned with rows of bony armor nodules and spines (
626:
6624:
4348:"An Exceptionally Preserved Three-Dimensional Armored Dinosaur Reveals Insights into Coloration and Cretaceous Predator-Prey Dynamics"
4984:"The most basal ankylosaurine dinosaur from the Albian–Cenomanian of China, with implications for the evolution of the tail club"
4251:
4264:
4237:
4102:
by Madzia and colleagues for the relatively stable group found in many previous analyses. Struthiosaurini includes not only the
6473:
5384:
4317:
4284:
4265:
4260:
4239:
4236:
740:), which were covered in keratin sheaths. Nodosaurids, like other ankylosaurians, were small- to large-sized, heavily built,
4691:
4278:
4286:
4283:
4272:
4246:
4213:, were originally regarded as belonging to the Nodosauridae, but later analyses provided support for them belonging to the
6451:
4256:
2908:
2884:
1581:
1557:
4271:
4240:
5160:"A new small-bodied ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia (RĂo Negro Province, Argentina)"
4934:"A new small-bodied ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia (RĂo Negro Province, Argentina)"
4269:
4252:
4574:
Rivera-Sylva, H.E.; Frey, E.; Stinnesbeck, W.; Carbot-Chanona, G.; Sanchez-Uribe, I.E.; Guzmán-Gutiérrez, J.R. (2018).
4287:
4255:
4254:
4247:
4242:
4238:
146:
4270:
4267:
4439:
Kirkland, J. I.; Alcalá, L.; Loewen, M. A.; EspĂlez, E.; Mampel, L.; Wiersma, J. P. (2013). Butler, Richard J (ed.).
4285:
4241:
4170:
phylogenetic analysis of Rivera-Sylva and colleagues was used as the primary reference for
Struthiosaurini by Madzia
4275:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4249:
4061:
phylogenetic analysis of Rivera-Sylva and colleagues was used as the primary reference for
Panoplosaurini by Madzia
3920:
phylogenetic analysis of Rivera-Sylva and colleagues was used as the primary reference for
Panoplosaurini by Madzia
5404:
4277:
4268:
2558:
725:
4849:
Arbour, V.M.; Currie, P.J. (2016). "Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs".
5252:"A new nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Thyreophora) from the Upper Cretaceous Menefee Formation of New Mexico"
4274:
4273:
4262:
4082:
4041:
to the exclusion of other ankylosaurs. As none of the clades were commonly used, or formally named following the
3953:
2932:
1598:
849:
5502:
4692:"The phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the armoured dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Thyreophora)"
4279:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4231:
4233:
4230:
4235:
4289:
4280:
4276:
4253:
4250:
4245:
6500:
4346:
Brown, C.M.; Henderson, D.M.; Vinther, J.; Fletcher, I.; Sistiaga, A.; Herrera, J.; Summons, R.E. (2017).
4288:
4282:
695:
in what is now Asia, Europe, North
America, and possibly South America. While traditionally regarded as a
835:, Nodosauridae needed to be formally defined following certain parameters, including that the type genus
6586:
5529:
5397:
4232:
3226:
1802:
885:
774:
273:
6614:
6547:
6483:
5358:
5321:
5171:
5108:
5052:
4995:
4945:
4906:
4858:
4812:
4734:"A new armored dinosaur with double cheek horns from the early Late Cretaceous of southeastern China"
4706:
4587:
4515:
4456:
4359:
4290:
4167:
4143:
4099:
4058:
4018:
4006:
3958:
3917:
3843:
3835:
3818:
3160:
1785:
549:
495:
405:
4234:
5889:
5786:
4552:
4218:
4094:
4088:
3947:
3941:
3812:
843:
805:
4502:
Burns, Michael E. (2008). "Taxonomic utility of ankylosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) osteoderms:
4281:
5625:
5337:
5304:
Carpenter, K. (2001). "Phylogenetic analysis of the
Ankylosauria." In Carpenter, K., (ed.) 2001:
5195:
5140:
5076:
4874:
4828:
4605:
4531:
4445:
n. gen., n. sp. From the Lower
Cretaceous (Lower Albian) Escucha Formation of Northeastern Spain"
4385:
3824:
614:
141:
4576:"Paleodiversity of Late Cretaceous Ankylosauria from Mexico and their phylogenetic significance"
4150:
was previously used to include
European nodosaurids, but was never formally named following the
6591:
6538:
6382:
5646:
5283:
5187:
5132:
5124:
5068:
5021:
4961:
4755:
4669:
4636:
Madzia, D.; Arbour, V.M.; Boyd, C.A.; Farke, A.A.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Evans, D.C. (2021).
4484:
4412:
4377:
3830:
2256:
2012:
6578:
5847:
5794:
5632:
5366:
5329:
5273:
5263:
5230:
5179:
5116:
5060:
5011:
5003:
4953:
4914:
4866:
4820:
4783:
4745:
4714:
4659:
4649:
4595:
4523:
4474:
4464:
4367:
4309:
4111:
3865:
2771:
770:
692:
370:
325:
6312:
6276:
6216:
6182:
6175:
6068:
6009:
5881:
5778:
5694:
5654:
5487:
4214:
4103:
3962:
3520:
3056:
2701:
2534:
2328:
2053:
1401:
1379:
1329:
1036:
1012:
877:
689:
478:
318:
311:
132:
43:
5362:
5325:
5175:
5112:
5056:
4999:
4949:
4910:
4862:
4816:
4777:
4710:
4591:
4519:
4460:
4363:
6375:
6361:
6347:
6255:
6228:
6124:
6105:
6020:
5966:
5831:
5801:
5771:
5734:
5710:
5278:
5251:
5016:
4983:
4664:
4637:
4479:
4440:
4194:
Nodosaurids are known from diverse remains throughout Europe, Asia, and North
America.
3876:. Previous informal definitions of the group described the clade as all taxa closer to
3657:
3503:
3350:
2412:
1989:
1957:
1654:
1279:
979:
873:
758:
704:
600:
578:
434:
332:
304:
255:
6608:
6338:
6248:
6241:
6193:
6137:
6084:
6050:
5951:
5897:
5872:
5854:
5757:
5703:
5676:
5668:
5199:
5144:
5096:
4878:
4733:
4609:
4535:
4203:
4122:
4014:
3878:
3869:
3642:
3562:
3119:
3088:
2956:
2381:
2349:
2070:
1710:
1440:
1296:
1096:
1057:
869:
685:
571:
556:
523:
419:
390:
377:
290:
81:
39:
5341:
4832:
6368:
6354:
6283:
6167:
6091:
6036:
5987:
5959:
5944:
5931:
5904:
5823:
5808:
5764:
5611:
5593:
5571:
5541:
5514:
5462:
5420:
5064:
4389:
4159:
4147:
4134:
4050:
4010:
3970:
3848:
3839:
3413:
3389:
3250:
3143:
2973:
2575:
2510:
2216:
2029:
1768:
1514:
1497:
1238:
1173:
1159:
962:
911:
890:
881:
800:
753:
708:
700:
696:
678:
586:
509:
448:
427:
412:
401:
354:
339:
297:
239:
207:
5183:
4957:
4870:
4718:
5370:
5333:
4918:
4824:
4469:
6532:
6403:
6320:
6269:
6209:
6160:
6002:
5980:
5912:
5861:
5661:
5639:
5471:
5159:
4933:
4527:
4209:
3997:
3892:
3854:
2810:
2486:
2429:
2233:
2087:
1734:
1353:
1113:
945:
791:
745:
463:
384:
223:
56:
17:
5235:
5214:
5120:
5007:
6396:
6389:
6327:
6202:
6153:
6145:
6098:
6043:
6029:
5995:
5973:
5839:
5683:
5618:
4600:
4575:
4372:
4347:
4299:
4128:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3860:
3593:
3479:
3430:
3267:
3202:
2684:
2304:
2280:
2121:
2104:
1686:
1540:
1255:
1214:
837:
779:
737:
593:
516:
502:
456:
441:
362:
101:
66:
6523:
5191:
5128:
5072:
4965:
4759:
4416:
4138:
from the mid Cretaceous of North America. The approximately equivalent clade
6410:
6290:
6077:
6057:
5919:
5816:
5718:
5308:. Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, 2001, pp. xv-526
5097:"Bizarre tail weaponry in a transitional ankylosaur from subantarctic Chile"
4405:"Heavily armoured dinosaur had ginger camouflage to deter predators – study"
4151:
4116:
4042:
3991:
3913:
3873:
3610:
2860:
2827:
2741:
2462:
1751:
1457:
1197:
832:
741:
564:
530:
470:
347:
158:
106:
50:
5287:
5215:"A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica: reappraisal of
5136:
5025:
4788:
4673:
4488:
4381:
4158:
named Struthiosaurini instead, as the group of taxa fell within the clade
6517:
6417:
5453:
5444:
4198:
4049:
named Panoplosaurini instead, as the group of taxa fell within the clade
748:
681:
191:
178:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
4654:
4166:
suffix on both parent and child taxon could be confusing in future. The
4057:
suffix on both parent and child taxon could be confusing in future. The
6565:
6305:
6297:
5268:
5080:
5040:
4750:
4690:
Raven, T. J.; Barrett, P. M.; Joyce, C. B.; Maidment, S. C. R. (2023).
111:
86:
5438:
4732:
Xing, Lida; Niu, Kecheng; Mallon, Jordan; Miyashita, Tetsuto (2023).
865:, the addition of another internal specifier was deemed unnecessary.
824:, and considered the most primitive member of the Nodosauridae to be
168:
6494:
4982:
Zheng, W.; Jin, X.; Azuma, Y.; Wang, Q.; Miyata, K.; Xu, X. (2018).
719:
884:. Topology A below demonstrates these relationships, following the
6262:
5213:
Soto Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Kaluza, Jonatan (2024).
872:(sometimes recovered outside of the Nodosauridae), as well as the
809:
787:
718:
123:
6552:
6424:
6498:
5431:
5393:
5389:
4229:
4217:, a separate lineage of basal ankylosaurs restricted to the
4080:
Struthiosaurini is defined as the largest clade containing
808:, and Weishampel in 2004. Vickaryous et al. considered two
4638:"The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs"
3939:
Panoplosaurini is defined as the largest clade containing
868:
Nodosauridae is traditionally composed of the basal clade
3908:, which was reflected in the specifiers chosen by Madzia
3810:
Nodosaurinae is defined as the largest clade containing
3924:, in addition to the supplemental analyses of Thompson
4174:, in addition to the supplemental analyses of Arbour
4065:, in addition to the supplemental analyses of Arbour
4782:(in German). Berlin und Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter.
6507:
6337:
6227:
6192:
6123:
6067:
6019:
5930:
5871:
5743:
5732:
5693:
5591:
5540:
5513:
5486:
4844:
4842:
3838:by Madzia and colleagues, who utilized the name of
5351:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
4899:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
4547:
4545:
5039:Carpenter, Kenneth; Breithaupt, Brent (1986).
900:Topology A: Rivera-Sylva et al. (2018) dataset
853:. As all phylogenies referenced included both
5405:
4892:
4890:
4888:
812:of nodosaurids to be of uncertain placement (
790:Nodosauridae was first informally defined by
8:
4977:
4975:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4771:
4769:
4738:Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology
4685:
4683:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
6495:
6233:
6129:
5936:
5749:
5740:
5603:
5599:
5588:
5519:
5492:
5483:
5428:
5412:
5398:
5390:
4434:
4432:
2203:
898:
122:
31:
5277:
5267:
5234:
5015:
4787:
4749:
4663:
4653:
4599:
4478:
4468:
4371:
3928:(2012), Arbour and Currie (2016), Arbour
3912:when formalizing the clade following the
2204:
899:
804:," a definition followed by Vickaryous,
4329:
4225:Chronostratigraphy of nodosaurid genera
4201:ankylosaurs, including the Antarctican
4013:, but was not significantly used until
2205:Topology B: Raven et al. (2023) dataset
794:in 1998 as "all ankylosaurs closer to
7:
5250:McDonald, A.T.; Wolfe, D.G. (2018).
711:grade leading to the ankylosaurids.
6630:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
5314:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
5164:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4938:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4851:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4805:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
4699:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
3635:
3585:
3578:
3554:
3495:
3471:
3464:
3405:
3381:
3374:
3242:
3218:
3194:
3135:
3111:
3104:
3080:
2948:
2924:
2900:
2876:
2852:
2802:
2795:
2766:
2733:
2726:
2676:
2669:
2550:
2526:
2502:
2478:
2454:
2404:
2397:
2373:
2344:
2320:
2296:
2272:
2249:
2225:
2211:
2045:
2005:
1981:
1726:
1702:
1678:
1573:
1489:
1482:
1432:
1425:
1396:
1369:
1345:
1321:
1271:
1230:
1189:
1165:
1088:
1081:
1052:
1028:
1004:
937:
930:
920:
906:
777:in 1890, and anchored on the genus
27:Extinct family of armored dinosaurs
5385:Alberta oilsands discovery of 2011
5045:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
4508:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
861:within the same group relative to
25:
4441:"The Basal Nodosaurid Ankylosaur
4029:, which were considered to unite
831:Following the publication of the
6479:
6478:
6455:
6450:
5219:(Ankylosauria: Parankylosauria)"
4302:
3890:, than to the early ankylosaurs
3846:, who created the term to unite
707:, some analyses recover it as a
145:
4318:Timeline of ankylosaur research
4120:, the Late Cretaceous European
6620:Kimmeridgian first appearances
5065:10.1080/02724634.1986.10011619
4580:Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
3872:of Europe, North America, and
3834:, and was formally defined in
2137:Later-diverging ankylosaurids
1:
6635:Prehistoric dinosaur families
5184:10.1080/14772019.2022.2137441
4958:10.1080/14772019.2022.2137441
4871:10.1080/14772019.2015.1059985
4719:10.1080/14772019.2023.2205433
2909:Struthiosaurus languedocensis
2885:Struthiosaurus transylvanicus
1582:Struthiosaurus transylvanicus
1558:Struthiosaurus languedocensis
5371:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.033
5334:10.1080/14772019.2011.569091
4919:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.033
4825:10.1080/14772019.2011.569091
4470:10.1371/journal.pone.0080405
4403:Davis, Nicola (2017-08-03).
773:Nodosauridae was erected by
4528:10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1102
4021:, alongside the new clades
6651:
5236:10.12429/j.advps.2023.0036
5121:10.1038/s41586-021-04147-1
5008:10.1038/s41598-018-21924-7
4779:Die Stämme der Wirbeltiere
4506:Ford, 2000: a test case".
2559:Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae
754:Borealopelta markmitchelli
726:Borealopelta markmitchelli
6625:Maastrichtian extinctions
6468:
6448:
6236:
6132:
5939:
5752:
5606:
5602:
5587:
5568:
5522:
5495:
5482:
5427:
5223:Advances in Polar Science
4776:Abel, O.L.F.A.L. (1919).
4601:10.1007/s13358-018-0153-1
4373:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.071
4083:Struthiosaurus austriacus
3954:Struthiosaurus austriacus
3655:
3640:
3633:
3607:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3559:
3552:
3517:
3500:
3493:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3427:
3410:
3403:
3386:
3379:
3357:
3264:
3247:
3240:
3223:
3216:
3199:
3192:
3157:
3140:
3133:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3085:
3063:
2970:
2953:
2946:
2933:Struthiosaurus austriacus
2929:
2922:
2905:
2898:
2881:
2874:
2857:
2850:
2824:
2807:
2800:
2778:
2764:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2698:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2572:
2555:
2548:
2531:
2524:
2507:
2500:
2483:
2476:
2459:
2452:
2426:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2378:
2356:
2342:
2325:
2318:
2301:
2294:
2277:
2270:
2254:
2247:
2230:
2223:
2135:
2118:
2101:
2084:
2067:
2050:
2043:
2026:
2010:
2003:
1986:
1964:
1799:
1782:
1765:
1748:
1731:
1724:
1707:
1700:
1683:
1661:
1599:Struthiosaurus austriacus
1595:
1578:
1571:
1554:
1537:
1511:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1454:
1437:
1430:
1408:
1394:
1374:
1367:
1350:
1343:
1326:
1319:
1293:
1276:
1269:
1252:
1235:
1228:
1211:
1194:
1187:
1170:
1163:
1110:
1093:
1086:
1064:
1050:
1033:
1026:
1009:
1002:
976:
959:
942:
935:
928:
918:
850:Ankylosaurus magniventris
620:
613:
286:
281:
142:Scientific classification
140:
130:
121:
34:
5217:Antarctopelta oliveroi
4789:10.5962/bhl.title.2114
4504:Glyptodontopelta mimus
4162:, and having the same
4053:, and having the same
733:
6587:Paleobiology Database
5306:The Armored Dinosaurs
4443:Europelta carbonensis
3227:Edmontonia rugosidens
1803:Edmontonia rugosidens
886:phylogenetic analyses
775:Othniel Charles Marsh
722:
3819:Hylaeosaurus armatus
3161:Edmontonia longiceps
1786:Edmontonia longiceps
731:Royal Tyrrell Museum
5363:2016PPP...449..289A
5326:2012JSPal..10..301T
5176:2022JSPal..2037441R
5113:2021Natur.600..259S
5057:1986JVPal...6..251C
5000:2018NatSR...8.3711Z
4950:2022JSPal..2037441R
4911:2016PPP...449..289A
4863:2016JSPal..14..385A
4817:2012JSPal..10..301T
4711:2023JSPal..2105433R
4655:10.7717/peerj.12362
4592:2018SwJP..137...83R
4551:Vickaryous, M. K.,
4520:2008JVPal..28.1102B
4461:2013PLoSO...880405K
4364:2017CBio...27E2514B
4219:Southern Hemisphere
4098:, and was named in
4095:Panoplosaurus mirus
4089:Nodosaurus textilis
4017:reused the name in
3980:, but also the mid
3957:, and was named in
3948:Nodosaurus textilis
3942:Panoplosaurus mirus
3813:Nodosaurus textilis
2206:
901:
844:Nodosaurus textilis
5269:10.7717/peerj.5435
4988:Scientific Reports
4751:10.18435/vamp29396
4182:(2017), and Zheng
4073:(2017), and Zheng
3932:(2016), and Brown
3825:Mymoorapelta maysi
734:
729:on display at the
6602:
6601:
6501:Taxon identifiers
6492:
6491:
6464:
6463:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6383:Nodocephalosaurus
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
5728:
5727:
5647:Serendipaceratops
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5107:(7888): 259–263.
4358:(16): 2514–2521.
3831:Polacanthus foxii
3805:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3791:
3790:
3782:
3781:
3773:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3737:
3736:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3719:
3704:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3622:
3621:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3531:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3441:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3330:
3315:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3181:
3180:
3172:
3171:
3046:
3045:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2839:
2838:
2753:
2752:
2713:
2712:
2657:
2656:
2641:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2623:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2441:
2440:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2179:
2164:
2163:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2145:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1644:
1643:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1526:
1525:
1469:
1468:
1308:
1307:
1150:
1149:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
991:
990:
672:
671:
623:Acanthopholididae
552:
498:
408:
277:
16:(Redirected from
6642:
6595:
6594:
6582:
6581:
6569:
6568:
6556:
6555:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6528:
6527:
6526:
6496:
6482:
6481:
6459:
6454:
6234:
6130:
5937:
5848:Propanoplosaurus
5795:Glyptodontopelta
5750:
5741:
5633:Priodontognathus
5604:
5600:
5589:
5520:
5493:
5484:
5477:
5476:
5429:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5391:
5374:
5345:
5292:
5291:
5281:
5271:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5155:
5149:
5148:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5019:
4979:
4970:
4969:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4894:
4883:
4882:
4846:
4837:
4836:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4753:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4696:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4667:
4657:
4633:
4614:
4613:
4603:
4571:
4556:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4514:(4): 1102–1109.
4499:
4493:
4492:
4482:
4472:
4436:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4375:
4343:
4312:
4310:Dinosaurs portal
4307:
4306:
4305:
4207:and Argentinian
4140:Struthiosaurinae
4112:Early Cretaceous
3866:Early Cretaceous
3714:
3636:
3586:
3579:
3555:
3496:
3472:
3465:
3406:
3382:
3375:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3325:
3243:
3219:
3195:
3136:
3112:
3105:
3081:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3040:
2949:
2925:
2901:
2877:
2853:
2803:
2796:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2773:Struthiosauridae
2767:
2734:
2727:
2677:
2670:
2651:
2551:
2527:
2503:
2479:
2455:
2405:
2398:
2374:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2321:
2297:
2273:
2250:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2174:
2046:
2006:
1982:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1842:
1727:
1703:
1679:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1638:
1574:
1490:
1483:
1433:
1426:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1383:
1370:
1346:
1322:
1272:
1231:
1190:
1166:
1144:
1089:
1082:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1029:
1005:
938:
931:
921:
914:
907:
902:
806:Teresa Maryańska
723:The holotype of
666:
662:Struthiosauridae
659:
652:
645:
637:
630:
543:
489:
400:
371:Propanoplosaurus
326:Glyptodontopelta
272:
267:
254:
238:
222:
206:
150:
149:
126:
116:
53:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
18:Struthiosaurinae
6650:
6649:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6590:
6585:
6577:
6572:
6564:
6559:
6551:
6546:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6522:
6521:
6516:
6503:
6493:
6488:
6460:
6430:
6333:
6313:Tianzhenosaurus
6277:Minotaurasaurus
6223:
6217:Zhongyuansaurus
6188:
6183:Zhejiangosaurus
6176:Liaoningosaurus
6111:
6069:Struthiosaurini
6063:
6015:
6010:Tatankacephalus
5926:
5882:Gargoyleosaurus
5867:
5779:Gargoyleosaurus
5737:
5724:
5695:Parankylosauria
5689:
5655:Sinankylosaurus
5596:
5575:
5556:
5536:
5509:
5503:Avemetatarsalia
5488:Avemetatarsalia
5478:
5434:
5433:
5423:
5418:
5381:
5348:
5311:
5301:
5299:Further reading
5296:
5295:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5038:
5037:
5033:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4896:
4895:
4886:
4848:
4847:
4840:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4681:
4635:
4634:
4617:
4573:
4572:
4559:
4550:
4543:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4438:
4437:
4430:
4421:
4419:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4352:Current Biology
4345:
4344:
4331:
4326:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4227:
4215:Parankylosauria
4192:
4110:, but also the
4104:Late Cretaceous
4003:Panoplosaurinae
3963:Late Cretaceous
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3696:
3687:
3678:
3669:
3623:
3542:
3533:
3521:Zhejiangosaurus
3452:
3443:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3355:
3351:
3340:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3182:
3173:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3061:
3058:Panoplosauridae
3057:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2986:
2840:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2776:
2772:
2754:
2714:
2702:Tatankacephalus
2653:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2535:Gastonia burgei
2442:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2354:
2350:
2329:Gargoyleosaurus
2221:
2217:
2198:
2189:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2054:Liaoningosaurus
1975:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1958:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1527:
1470:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1403:Struthiosaurini
1402:
1380:Aguja Formation
1377:
1330:Tatankacephalus
1309:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1126:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1062:
1058:
1037:Gargoyleosaurus
992:
916:
912:
878:Struthiosaurini
767:
717:
690:Late Cretaceous
684:known from the
677:is a family of
667:
664:
660:
657:
655:Panoplosauridae
653:
650:
648:Palaeoscincidae
646:
643:
638:
635:
633:Acanthopholidae
631:
625:
542:
539:Struthiosaurini
488:
479:Tatankacephalus
319:Gargoyleosaurus
271:
265:
252:
236:
220:
204:
144:
133:Gargoyleosaurus
117:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
44:Late Cretaceous
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6648:
6646:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6607:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6583:
6570:
6557:
6544:
6529:
6513:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6476:
6469:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6376:Euoplocephalus
6372:
6365:
6362:Anodontosaurus
6358:
6351:
6348:Akainacephalus
6343:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6309:
6302:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6256:Crichtonsaurus
6252:
6245:
6237:
6231:
6229:Ankylosaurinae
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6213:
6206:
6198:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6142:
6133:
6127:
6125:Ankylosauridae
6121:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6106:Struthiosaurus
6102:
6095:
6088:
6081:
6073:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6025:
6023:
6021:Panoplosaurini
6017:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5967:Niobrarasaurus
5963:
5956:
5948:
5940:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5916:
5909:
5901:
5894:
5886:
5877:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5836:
5832:Polacanthoides
5828:
5820:
5813:
5805:
5802:Horshamosaurus
5798:
5791:
5783:
5775:
5772:Dongyangopelta
5768:
5761:
5753:
5747:
5738:
5735:Euankylosauria
5733:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5715:
5711:Kunbarrasaurus
5707:
5699:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5607:
5597:
5592:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5496:
5490:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5465:
5456:
5447:
5441:
5432:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5380:
5379:External links
5377:
5376:
5375:
5346:
5320:(2): 301–312.
5309:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5242:
5205:
5170:(1): 2137441.
5150:
5086:
5051:(3): 251–257.
5031:
4971:
4944:(1): 2137441.
4924:
4884:
4857:(5): 385–444.
4838:
4811:(2): 301–312.
4795:
4765:
4724:
4705:(1). 2205433.
4679:
4615:
4557:
4541:
4494:
4455:(12): e80405.
4428:
4395:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4297:
4294:
4228:
4223:
4191:
4188:
4178:(2016), Brown
4108:Struthiosaurus
4069:(2016), Brown
3803:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3658:Ankylosaurinae
3654:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3504:Dongyangopelta
3499:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3352:Ankylosauridae
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:Niobrarasaurus
2408:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2215:
2210:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:Kunbarrasaurus
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1959:Ankylosauridae
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1656:Panoplosaurini
1653:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1280:Niobrarasaurus
1275:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
989:
988:
985:
984:
980:Dongyangopelta
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
941:
936:
934:
929:
927:
919:
917:
910:
905:
897:
896:
874:Panoplosaurini
818:Struthiosaurus
814:incertae sedis
766:
765:Classification
763:
759:countershading
716:
713:
705:Ankylosauridae
670:
669:
641:Hylaeosauridae
618:
617:
611:
610:
609:
608:
607:
606:
605:
604:
601:Struthiosaurus
597:
590:
583:
579:Niobrarasaurus
575:
568:
561:
536:
535:
534:
527:
520:
513:
506:
485:Panoplosaurini
482:
475:
467:
460:
453:
445:
438:
435:Niobrarasaurus
431:
424:
416:
394:
388:
381:
374:
367:
359:
351:
344:
336:
333:Horshamosaurus
329:
322:
315:
308:
305:Dongyangopelta
301:
294:
284:
283:
279:
278:
263:
259:
258:
256:Euankylosauria
250:
243:
242:
234:
227:
226:
218:
211:
210:
202:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
136:skeleton cast
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6647:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6593:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6549:
6545:
6540:
6534:
6530:
6525:
6519:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6497:
6485:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6470:
6467:
6458:
6453:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6339:Ankylosaurini
6336:
6330:
6329:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6249:Crichtonpelta
6246:
6244:
6243:
6242:Bissektipelta
6239:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6226:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6195:
6194:Shamosaurinae
6191:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6138:Ahshislepelta
6135:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6085:Hungarosaurus
6082:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6051:Panoplosaurus
6048:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6039:
6038:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5952:Ahshislepelta
5949:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5898:Hoplitosaurus
5895:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5873:Polacanthinae
5870:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5855:Rhadinosaurus
5852:
5850:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5758:Acanthopholis
5755:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5731:
5721:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5704:Antarctopelta
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5677:Tianchisaurus
5674:
5671:
5670:
5669:Stegosaurides
5666:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5574:
5573:
5567:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5408:
5403:
5401:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5246:
5243:
5237:
5232:
5229:(1): 78–107.
5228:
5224:
5220:
5218:
5209:
5206:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5154:
5151:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5032:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4796:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4553:Maryanska, T.
4548:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4498:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4300:
4295:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4204:Antarctopelta
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4123:Hungarosaurus
4119:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4031:Panoplosaurus
4028:
4027:Edmontoniidae
4024:
4023:Edmontoniinae
4020:
4016:
4015:Robert Bakker
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3995:, as well as
3994:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3966:Panoplosaurus
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3885:
3884:Panoplosaurus
3881:
3880:
3879:Panoplosaurus
3875:
3871:
3870:Maastrichtian
3867:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3796:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3724:
3723:
3709:
3700:
3699:
3691:
3690:
3682:
3681:
3673:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:Shamosaurinae
3638:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3563:Ahshislepelta
3557:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3537:
3536:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3447:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3335:
3334:
3320:
3311:
3310:
3302:
3301:
3293:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3176:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:Panoplosaurus
3114:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3089:Tianchisaurus
3083:
3082:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3017:
3016:
3008:
3007:
2999:
2998:
2990:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:Hungarosaurus
2951:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:Hoplitosaurus
2376:
2375:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2351:Polacanthidae
2347:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2183:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2071:Crichtonpelta
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:Panoplosaurus
1705:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:Hungarosaurus
1435:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:Ahshislepelta
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:Hoplitosaurus
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1059:Polacanthinae
1055:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
987:
986:
983:
982:
981:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
964:
957:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
947:
940:
939:
933:
932:
926:
923:
922:
915:
909:
908:
904:
903:
895:
892:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
870:Polacanthinae
866:
864:
860:
856:
855:Panoplosaurus
852:
851:
846:
845:
840:
839:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:
797:
796:Panoplosaurus
793:
789:
784:
782:
781:
776:
772:
764:
762:
760:
756:
755:
750:
747:
743:
739:
732:
728:
727:
721:
714:
712:
710:
706:
702:
699:clade as the
698:
694:
691:
687:
686:Late Jurassic
683:
680:
679:ankylosaurian
676:
668:
663:
656:
649:
642:
634:
628:
624:
619:
616:
612:
603:
602:
598:
596:
595:
591:
589:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
574:
573:
572:Hungarosaurus
569:
567:
566:
562:
559:
558:
557:Ahshislepelta
554:
553:
551:
547:
540:
537:
533:
532:
528:
526:
525:
524:Panoplosaurus
521:
519:
518:
514:
512:
511:
507:
505:
504:
500:
499:
497:
493:
486:
483:
481:
480:
476:
473:
472:
468:
466:
465:
461:
459:
458:
454:
451:
450:
446:
444:
443:
439:
437:
436:
432:
430:
429:
425:
422:
421:
420:Ahshislepelta
417:
415:
414:
410:
409:
407:
403:
398:
395:
392:
391:Polacanthinae
389:
387:
386:
382:
380:
379:
378:Rhadinosaurus
375:
373:
372:
368:
365:
364:
360:
357:
356:
352:
350:
349:
345:
342:
341:
337:
335:
334:
330:
328:
327:
323:
321:
320:
316:
314:
313:
309:
307:
306:
302:
300:
299:
295:
293:
292:
291:Acanthopholis
288:
287:
285:
280:
275:
270:
264:
261:
260:
257:
251:
248:
245:
244:
241:
235:
232:
229:
228:
225:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
45:
41:
40:Late Jurassic
33:
30:
19:
6539:Nodosauridae
6509:Nodosauridae
6508:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6369:Dyoplosaurus
6367:
6360:
6355:Ankylosaurus
6353:
6346:
6326:
6319:
6311:
6304:
6296:
6289:
6284:Pinacosaurus
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6181:
6174:
6168:Hylaeosaurus
6166:
6159:
6152:
6144:
6136:
6104:
6097:
6092:Pawpawsaurus
6090:
6083:
6076:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6037:Denversaurus
6035:
6028:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5988:Peloroplites
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5960:Borealopelta
5958:
5950:
5945:Acantholipan
5943:
5932:Nodosaurinae
5918:
5911:
5905:Peloroplites
5903:
5896:
5888:
5880:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5830:
5824:Mymoorapelta
5822:
5815:
5809:Hylaeosaurus
5807:
5800:
5793:
5785:
5777:
5770:
5765:Anoplosaurus
5763:
5756:
5745:Nodosauridae
5744:
5717:
5709:
5702:
5682:
5675:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5612:Cryptosaurus
5610:
5594:Ankylosauria
5572:Ankylosauria
5570:
5542:Ankylosauria
5530:Ornithischia
5515:Ornithischia
5467:
5463:Ornithischia
5458:
5449:
5421:Ankylosauria
5354:
5350:
5317:
5313:
5305:
5259:
5255:
5245:
5226:
5222:
5216:
5208:
5167:
5163:
5153:
5104:
5100:
5089:
5048:
5044:
5034:
4991:
4987:
4941:
4937:
4927:
4902:
4898:
4854:
4850:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4778:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4702:
4698:
4645:
4641:
4586:(1): 83–93.
4583:
4579:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4420:. Retrieved
4409:The Guardian
4408:
4398:
4355:
4351:
4224:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4190:Biogeography
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4163:
4160:Nodosaurinae
4155:
4154:, so Madzia
4148:Franz Nopcsa
4139:
4135:Pawpawsaurus
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4107:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4051:Nodosaurinae
4046:
4038:
4035:Denversaurus
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4011:Franz Nopcsa
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3975:
3971:Denversaurus
3969:
3965:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3909:
3905:
3902:Mymoorapelta
3901:
3898:Hylaeosaurus
3897:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3859:
3853:
3849:Ankylosaurus
3847:
3840:Othenio Abel
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3656:
3641:
3609:
3608:
3592:
3591:
3561:
3560:
3519:
3518:
3502:
3501:
3478:
3477:
3429:
3428:
3414:Mymoorapelta
3412:
3411:
3390:Borealopelta
3388:
3387:
3266:
3265:
3251:Anoplosaurus
3249:
3248:
3225:
3224:
3201:
3200:
3159:
3158:
3144:Denversaurus
3142:
3141:
3118:
3117:
3087:
3086:
2974:Pawpawsaurus
2972:
2971:
2955:
2954:
2931:
2930:
2907:
2906:
2883:
2882:
2859:
2858:
2826:
2825:
2809:
2808:
2740:
2739:
2700:
2699:
2683:
2682:
2576:Peloroplites
2574:
2573:
2557:
2556:
2533:
2532:
2511:Hylaeosaurus
2509:
2508:
2485:
2484:
2461:
2460:
2428:
2427:
2411:
2410:
2380:
2379:
2327:
2326:
2303:
2302:
2279:
2278:
2255:
2232:
2231:
2218:Ankylosauria
2136:
2120:
2119:
2103:
2102:
2086:
2085:
2069:
2068:
2052:
2051:
2030:Hylaeosaurus
2028:
2027:
2011:
1988:
1987:
1801:
1800:
1784:
1783:
1769:Denversaurus
1767:
1766:
1750:
1749:
1733:
1732:
1709:
1708:
1685:
1684:
1597:
1596:
1580:
1579:
1556:
1555:
1539:
1538:
1515:Borealopelta
1513:
1512:
1498:Pawpawsaurus
1496:
1495:
1456:
1455:
1439:
1438:
1375:
1352:
1351:
1328:
1327:
1295:
1294:
1278:
1277:
1254:
1253:
1239:Acantholipan
1237:
1236:
1213:
1212:
1196:
1195:
1174:Peloroplites
1172:
1171:
1160:Nodosaurinae
1112:
1111:
1095:
1094:
1035:
1034:
1011:
1010:
978:
977:
963:Mymoorapelta
961:
960:
944:
943:
925:Nodosauridae
924:
913:Ankylosauria
891:paraphyletic
882:Nodosaurinae
867:
863:Ankylosaurus
862:
858:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
801:Ankylosaurus
799:
795:
785:
778:
768:
752:
735:
724:
709:paraphyletic
701:sister taxon
697:monophyletic
675:Nodosauridae
674:
673:
661:
658:Nopcsa, 1929
654:
651:Nopcsa, 1918
647:
644:Nopcsa, 1902
640:
636:Nopcsa, 1917
632:
622:
621:
599:
592:
587:Pawpawsaurus
585:
577:
570:
563:
555:
545:
538:
529:
522:
515:
510:Denversaurus
508:
501:
491:
484:
477:
469:
462:
455:
449:Peloroplites
447:
440:
433:
428:Borealopelta
426:
418:
413:Acantholipan
411:
397:Nodosaurinae
396:
383:
376:
369:
361:
355:Mymoorapelta
353:
346:
340:Hylaeosaurus
338:
331:
324:
317:
310:
303:
298:Anoplosaurus
296:
289:
269:Nodosauridae
268:
246:
240:Ankylosauria
230:
214:
208:Ornithischia
198:
185:
131:
49:155–66
29:
6615:Nodosaurids
6533:Wikispecies
6404:Scolosaurus
6321:Tsagantegia
6270:Jinyunpelta
6210:Shamosaurus
6161:Chuanqilong
6003:Silvisaurus
5981:Patagopelta
5913:Polacanthus
5862:Sauroplites
5662:Spicomellus
5640:Sarcolestes
5472:Thyreophora
5357:: 289–299.
5262:: 6:e5435.
4994:(1): 3711.
4905:: 289–299.
4210:Patagopelta
4142:, named in
4005:, named in
3998:Patagopelta
3906:Polacanthus
3893:Sarcolestes
3855:Hierosaurus
2811:Silvisaurus
2487:Patagopelta
2430:Polacanthus
2234:Sarcolestes
2088:Chuanqilong
1735:Patagopelta
1354:Silvisaurus
1114:Polacanthus
946:Sauroplites
880:within the
792:Paul Sereno
746:herbivorous
742:quadrupedal
715:Description
464:Silvisaurus
385:Sauroplites
224:Thyreophora
35:Nodosaurids
6609:Categories
6472:See also:
6397:Platypelta
6390:Oohkotokia
6328:Zaraapelta
6203:Gobisaurus
6154:Cedarpelta
6146:Aletopelta
6099:Stegopelta
6044:Edmontonia
6030:Animantarx
5996:Sauropelta
5974:Nodosaurus
5840:Priconodon
5684:Vectipelta
5619:Dracopelta
5551:see below↓
5454:Dinosauria
4648:: e12362.
4422:2017-12-01
4324:References
4129:Stegopelta
4086:, but not
4039:Edmontonia
3986:Animantarx
3982:Cretaceous
3977:Edmontonia
3945:, but not
3888:Nodosaurus
3861:Stegopelta
3594:Aletopelta
3480:Vectipelta
3431:Stegopelta
3268:Dracopelta
3203:Nodosaurus
2685:Sauropelta
2305:Cedarpelta
2281:Animantarx
2122:Aletopelta
2105:Cedarpelta
1687:Animantarx
1541:Stegopelta
1256:Nodosaurus
1215:Sauropelta
859:Nodosaurus
838:Nodosaurus
826:Cedarpelta
822:Animantarx
780:Nodosaurus
738:osteoderms
665:Kuhn, 1966
594:Stegopelta
517:Edmontonia
503:Animantarx
457:Sauropelta
442:Nodosaurus
363:Priconodon
282:Subgroups
192:Dinosauria
6411:Talarurus
6291:Saichania
6078:Europelta
6058:Texasetes
5920:Taohelong
5817:Invictarx
5719:Stegouros
5437:Kingdom:
5200:254212751
5192:1477-2019
5145:244799975
5129:1476-4687
5073:0272-4634
4966:1477-2019
4879:214625754
4760:2292-1389
4610:134924657
4536:140672072
4417:0261-3077
4199:Gondwanan
4152:PhyloCode
4117:Europelta
4114:European
4106:European
4045:, Madzia
4043:PhyloCode
3992:Texasetes
3914:PhyloCode
3874:Argentina
3611:Talarurus
2861:Europelta
2828:Taohelong
2742:Invictarx
2463:Texasetes
2259:juvenile
2015:juvenile
1752:Texasetes
1458:Europelta
1382:specimen)
1198:Taohelong
833:PhyloCode
761:pattern.
749:dinosaurs
682:dinosaurs
565:Europelta
531:Texasetes
471:Taohelong
348:Invictarx
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
6518:Wikidata
6484:Category
6474:Timeline
6418:Ziapelta
5890:Gastonia
5787:Gastonia
5445:Chordata
5443:Phylum:
5439:Animalia
5342:86002282
5288:30155354
5137:34853468
5026:29487376
4833:86002282
4674:34966571
4489:24312471
4449:PLOS ONE
4382:28781051
4296:See also
4186:(2018).
4077:(2018).
3936:(2017).
3868:through
3816:but not
1376:CPC 273
1013:Gastonia
847:but not
798:than to
615:Synonyms
312:Gastonia
262:Family:
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
6566:3238875
6553:3014675
6524:Q134193
6306:Tarchia
6298:Shanxia
5359:Bibcode
5322:Bibcode
5279:6110256
5172:Bibcode
5109:Bibcode
5081:4523098
5053:Bibcode
5017:5829254
4996:Bibcode
4946:Bibcode
4907:Bibcode
4859:Bibcode
4813:Bibcode
4707:Bibcode
4665:8667728
4588:Bibcode
4516:Bibcode
4480:3847141
4457:Bibcode
4390:5182644
4360:Bibcode
3916:. The
3713:⊟
3365:⊞
3324:⊟
3071:⊞
3039:⊟
2786:⊞
2650:⊟
2364:⊞
2257:Paw Paw
2173:⊟
2013:Paw Paw
1972:⊞
1841:⊟
1669:⊞
1637:⊟
1416:⊞
1143:⊟
1072:⊞
703:to the
693:periods
688:to the
544:Madzia
490:Madzia
6579:117084
5340:
5286:
5276:
5198:
5190:
5143:
5135:
5127:
5101:Nature
5079:
5071:
5024:
5014:
4964:
4877:
4831:
4758:
4672:
4662:
4608:
4534:
4487:
4477:
4415:
4388:
4380:
4184:et al.
4180:et al.
4176:et al.
4172:et al.
4156:et al.
4126:, and
4075:et al.
4071:et al.
4067:et al.
4063:et al.
4047:et al.
3934:et al.
3930:et al.
3926:et al.
3922:et al.
3910:et al.
810:genera
771:family
629:, 1902
627:Nopcsa
546:et al.
492:et al.
276:, 1890
6592:38817
6574:IRMNG
6263:Datai
5626:Minmi
5468:Clade
5459:Clade
5450:Clade
5338:S2CID
5256:PeerJ
5196:S2CID
5141:S2CID
5077:JSTOR
4875:S2CID
4829:S2CID
4695:(PDF)
4642:PeerJ
4606:S2CID
4532:S2CID
4386:S2CID
4197:Some
4164:-inae
4055:-inae
3882:, or
3828:, or
788:clade
274:Marsh
247:Clade
231:Clade
215:Clade
199:Clade
186:Clade
6561:GBIF
6425:Zuul
5528:see
5501:see
5284:PMID
5188:ISSN
5133:PMID
5125:ISSN
5069:ISSN
5022:PMID
4962:ISSN
4756:ISSN
4670:PMID
4485:PMID
4413:ISSN
4378:PMID
4168:2018
4144:1923
4132:and
4100:2021
4059:2018
4037:and
4025:and
4019:1988
4007:1929
3989:and
3974:and
3959:2021
3918:2018
3886:and
3858:and
3844:1919
3836:2021
876:and
857:and
820:and
786:The
769:The
550:2021
496:2021
406:1919
402:Abel
57:Preęž’
6548:EoL
5367:doi
5355:449
5330:doi
5274:PMC
5264:doi
5231:doi
5180:doi
5117:doi
5105:600
5061:doi
5012:PMC
5004:doi
4954:doi
4915:doi
4903:449
4867:doi
4821:doi
4784:doi
4746:doi
4715:doi
4660:PMC
4650:doi
4596:doi
4584:137
4524:doi
4475:PMC
4465:doi
4368:doi
4146:by
4092:or
4009:by
3951:or
3904:or
3842:in
816:):
6611::
6589::
6576::
6563::
6550::
6535::
6520::
5470::
5461::
5452::
5365:.
5353:.
5336:.
5328:.
5318:10
5316:.
5282:.
5272:.
5258:.
5254:.
5227:35
5225:.
5221:.
5194:.
5186:.
5178:.
5168:20
5166:.
5162:.
5139:.
5131:.
5123:.
5115:.
5103:.
5099:.
5075:.
5067:.
5059:.
5047:.
5043:.
5020:.
5010:.
5002:.
4990:.
4986:.
4974:^
4960:.
4952:.
4942:20
4940:.
4936:.
4913:.
4901:.
4887:^
4873:.
4865:.
4855:14
4853:.
4841:^
4827:.
4819:.
4809:10
4807:.
4768:^
4754:.
4744:.
4742:11
4740:.
4736:.
4713:.
4703:21
4701:.
4697:.
4682:^
4668:.
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4640:.
4618:^
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4594:.
4582:.
4578:.
4560:^
4544:^
4530:.
4522:.
4512:28
4510:.
4483:.
4473:.
4463:.
4451:.
4447:.
4431:^
4411:.
4407:.
4384:.
4376:.
4366:.
4356:27
4354:.
4350:.
4332:^
4221:.
4033:,
3968:,
3900:,
3896:,
3852:,
3822:,
889:a
828:.
783:.
744:,
548:,
541:?
494:,
487:?
404:,
399:?
249::
233::
217::
201::
188::
107:Pg
51:Ma
46:,
6316:?
6301:?
6220:?
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5369::
5361::
5344:.
5332::
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5290:.
5266::
5260:6
5239:.
5233::
5202:.
5182::
5174::
5147:.
5119::
5111::
5083:.
5063::
5055::
5049:6
5028:.
5006::
4998::
4992:8
4968:.
4956::
4948::
4921:.
4917::
4909::
4881:.
4869::
4861::
4835:.
4823::
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4792:.
4786::
4762:.
4748::
4721:.
4717::
4709::
4676:.
4652::
4646:9
4612:.
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4590::
4538:.
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4467::
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4362::
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343:?
266:â€
253:â€
237:â€
221:â€
205:â€
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:ęž’
42:–
20:)
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