153:
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used Su Qin's strategy of alliance to muster a
Coalition Army initially against the Qin state, but Qi declined and the coalition ended up being defeated by the Qin armies and some of their commanders were slain in battle. The alliance later fell apart after they decided to attack some Qi territories
526:
from home, his sister-in-law crawled like a snake whilst the surprise showed on his wife but she dared not look at him, her former stubbornness having become respect. Once more Su Qin lamented "the parents are poor but not the son". Although already an official of the six nation alliance, Marquis Su
217:
After finishing his studies with
Guiguzi, Su Qin travelled for several years and on his return lamented that "My wife doesn't recognize me as her husband, my sister-in-law doesn't recognize me as her brother-in-law, and my parents don't recognize me as their son!". All these misfortunes he blamed on
622:
tried to arrest the culprits but failed to do so. On his deathbed Su Qin gave the King a plan to arrest the assassins: after his death, Su Qin was posthumously accused of treason and his body was torn limb from limb in the town square. This prompted Su Qin's would-be assassins to reveal themselves,
811:
According to
Chinese folklore, Wei Sheng was a young man who agreed to meet his sweetheart under a bridge one day. He waited and waited for her to no avail. Eventually, the tide came in and drowned Wei Sheng. His name is thus used as a metaphor for someone who will keep their word no matter what
821:李零：《吴孙子发微》，中华书局1997年6月第1版，第43页的注释24，第167页。又见李零：《孙子古本研究》，北京大学出版社1995年，第239页至第253页。Li Ling "Sun Tzu – Decline of the Southern States", Zhonghua Publishing, 1 June 1997, p43 marginal note 24 – p167. Also see Li Ling "Sun Tzu – Ancient Books Research" Beijing University Press, 1995 pp 239–253.
333:
state through the use of his splendid rhetoric and thereafter wore robes decorated with the insignia of the six states. The allies of the
Vertical Alliance advanced on the State of Qin but were easily defeated due to internal discord between the former enemies.
263:
Years later, when Su Qin returned with full honors following his success with the
Vertical Alliance system, his family received him with great reverence, causing him to remark on their change of behavior towards him, leading to the rise of another Chinese idiom
682:
and the
Horizontal Alliance. He also pored over the books in Yu Qi's collection and found one titled "Minister Yin Fu’s Plan", which Su Qin studied hard for many years, and accepted that its methods would be enough to gain the support of the reigning monarch.
651:". The documents consist of a total of twenty-seven chapters divided into three parts. The first, consisting of fourteen chapters, contains Su Qin's correspondence and conversations and provides information from which the historical truth regarding the "
519:
At the end of this period of canvassing, Su Qin became chief administrator of the
Vertical Alliance and wore the insignia of the six member nations. After he became famous, he returned to his hometown in a blaze of glory. His parents welcomed him thirty
617:
where he obtained an important position from King Xuan. When Xuan died, King Min ascended the throne and Su Qin vied with the ministers of state for the monarch's favor. The ministers tried to assassinate Su Qin and he was seriously injured; the
427:
Su Qin informed the
Marquis of Zhao that his territory lay in a crucial position, slightly offset from the other warring states but ultimately disadvantageous. He suggested that because of this, in an alliance with the other powers, the
755:
flourished, Lu Ya was in Yin" followed by the sentence, "When Yan flourished, Su Qin was in Qi". Li Ling believes that this "Sun Tzu" is not the same as the one handed down to later generations and is clearly the history of the late
218:
himself and he thereafter shut himself in his room to study. To prevent falling asleep from long hours of study, he would stab himself in the thigh with a sharp instrument. This practice gave rise to part of a
Chinese idiom or "
690:(312–279 BC) ascended to the throne, the state suffered upheaval and bloodshed so the king, planning to strengthen his state and avenge former humiliation, summoned his sages. Su Qin immediately left
432:
would effectively hold the balance of power. Much impressed by the idea, the Zhao ruler rewarded Su Qin financially and invited him to venture forth and discuss an alliance with the other states.
609:
died, King Yi ascended the throne. Su Qin had an affair with the late
Marquis’ widow and when King Yi learned about the affair, Su Qin, fearing that he might be punished, subsequently left the
713:. Su Qin suggested a plan to King Zhao of Yan whilst guaranteeing that he could be "trusted as much as Wei Sheng" and that details of his secret meetings would go with him to the grave.
716:
Thereafter, Su Qin managed to drive a wedge between Qi and Zhao. Qi wiped out Song, which severely weakened Qi such that the Vertical Alliance of the other five states attacked. When
551:
The six nation Vertical Alliance started out with each member state pursuing their own interests and as a result the foundations were shallow. A punitive expedition mounted by the
647:, a number of silk manuscripts were unearthed. Once they were collated these were dubbed the "Records of the Vertical and Horizontal Alliance Schools of Thought” during the
698:
to return the ten cities he had previously snatched. The Yan sent a prince as hostage to the Qi with Su Qin acting as envoy. This was in the seventh year of the reign of
852:
847:
842:
837:
678:. Su Qin had four older brothers: Su Dai, Su Li, Su Bi and Su Hu. Under his teacher Yu Qi, Su Qin studied all aspects of the operations of the
862:
731:
In 1972, circumstantial evidence unearthed from the number one grave at Yinque Mountain, Linyi Prefecture, Shandong Province provided
349:
This period of canvassing is one of the most debated issues in Chinese History. Modern day verification of Su Qin's biography in the
857:
728:
also commented, "Su Qin undertook a strategy of sowing dissention which led to his execution and all under heaven now mock him".
512:
that the other six warring states had already formed an alliance. King Wei refused to join and was inevitably attacked by the
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50:
709:
In 292 BCE, the tripartite forces of Qi, Zhao and Qin were using all their efforts to fight over territory belonging to the
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163:(380–284 BCE) was a Chinese political consultant and philosopher who was an influential political strategist during the
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defeated Qi, King Min of Qi adjudged Su Qin guilty of dissention and had him torn limb from limb in public. Afterwards
867:
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and travelled to the Yan. For King Zhao of Yan, Su Qin carried out his first meritorious service by petitioning
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706:. Su Qin was treated well in Qi and was on friendly terms with Lord Mengchang before his return to Yan.
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164:
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suggests that the content relating to Su Qin in the former work was actually forged by later authors.
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and they were subsequently executed. Afterwards, Su Qin's spies leaked information to the
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said "Su Qin trusted nothing under heaven but he kept his promises to the State of Yan.
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703:
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mutually reinforced each other's viewpoints in order to achieve their personal goals.
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710:
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and installed a new monarch, King Yi, as well occupying ten cities which the King of
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and you have snatched his territory. This is bound to draw the elite troops of the
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of whom the former Duke had been an avid supporter and promptly had him executed.
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802:《战国纵横家书》(Records of the Vertical and Horizontal Alliance Schools of Thought)
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At his most brilliant Su Qin persuaded the leaders of the six kingdoms of
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According to this written evidence, Su Qin's era followed that of
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743:. The historian Li Ling mentions this in his simplified version "
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also hated talented foreigners such that Su Qin made no headway.
793:《史记·苏秦列传》(Records of the Grand Historian, Biography of Su Qin)
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which means "a change of attitude from arrogance to respect".
702:, 294 BCE when the government of the Qi was presided over by
670:, Su Qin continued Zhang Yi's mutual confrontation with the
666:, during the reign of King Zhao of Yan. In conjunction with
167:. He was born in Chengxuan Village, Luoyang in present-day
655:
may be discerned and errors in Su Qin's biography in the "
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brought the end of the Vertical Alliance; Su Qin left the
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went into decline and would not dare cross the strategic
535:. According to the records of the Vertical Alliance, the
134:
35:
Chinese political strategist in the Warring States period
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asked Su Qin to get back. Su Qin petitioned the King of
413:. As a result, Su Qin came to be highly regarded in the
547:
Defeat of the Vertical Alliance and the death of Su Qin
113:
99:
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Su Qin made it clear that it was impossible for the
260:which means "to study assiduously and tirelessly".
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Contemporary verification of Su Qin's real identity
128:
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86:
81:
63:
49:
40:
490:. As a result, to the great shame of Su Qin, the
171:. According to legend Su Qin was a disciple of
627:provoking the further hatred and anger of the
531:appointed Su Qin ruler of Wu'an in modern-day
371:When Su Qin arrived in Qin, the state's ruler
187:. The opposing theory, "Horizontal Alliance" (
446:and made him focus on the Vertical Alliance.
409:and that he should form an alliance with the
69:
55:
8:
460:officials, Su Qin persuaded King Xiang of
397:Su Qin told Marquis Wen, the ruler of the
78:
464:to concentrate on the Vertical Alliance.
786:
37:
7:
456:Encouraging the selfishness of the
179:. He was the chief advocate of the
602:so you must return these cities!"
379:, detested the political reformer
14:
653:Strategies of the Warring States”
571:and the alliance disintegrated.
358:Strategems of the Warring States
337:One theory suggests that he and
405:was greater than that from the
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853:Chinese political philosophers
657:Records of the Grand Historian
352:Records of the Grand Historian
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56:
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848:Chinese political consultants
843:3rd-century BC Chinese people
838:4th-century BC Chinese people
735:bamboo slips inscribed with "
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543:for a further fifteen years.
401:that the threat posed by the
375:had just died. His successor
777:without accomplishing much.
508:Su Qin told King Wei of the
442:Su Qin angered King Xuan of
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494:pledged allegiance to the
17:
863:Zhou dynasty philosophers
751:" chapter, viz "When the
605:After the Marquis Wen of
345:Canvassing the Six States
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77:
45:
181:Vertical Alliance system
51:Traditional Chinese
858:Philosophers from Henan
65:Simplified Chinese
578:took advantage of the
555:against the states of
502:Negotiations with the
468:Negotiations with the
450:Negotiations with the
436:Negotiations with the
421:Negotiations with the
391:Negotiations with the
365:A wasted visit to the
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768:In the popular manga
758:Warring States period
649:Warring States period
329:to unite against the
175:, the founder of the
165:Warring States period
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594:is a kinsman of the
672:Horizontal Alliance
590:thus: "The King of
285:traditional Chinese
243:traditional Chinese
177:School of Diplomacy
868:Political realists
764:Cultural reference
377:King Huiwen of Qin
266:simplified Chinese
224:simplified Chinese
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680:Vertical Alliance
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88:Standard Mandarin
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659:" identified.
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638:
613:and went to
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95:Hanyu Pinyin
27:
20:Chinese name
15:
733:Han Dynasty
668:Gongsun Yan
486:and attack
411:State of Qi
385:King Huiwen
24:family name
832:Categories
781:References
747:" in the "
569:Zhao State
541:Hangu Pass
430:Zhao State
423:Zhao State
403:Zhao State
381:Shang Yang
136:Sou1 Ceon4
109:Wade–Giles
749:Espionage
726:Sima Qian
641:Mawangdui
629:Yan State
611:Yan State
600:Qin State
580:Yan State
537:Qin State
504:Chu State
478:to cross
476:Qin State
452:Wei State
438:Han State
415:Yan State
407:Qin State
399:Yan State
393:Yan State
367:Qin State
207:Lían Héng
812:happens.
722:Zou Yang
664:Zhang Yi
645:Changsha
625:Qi State
596:Qi State
576:Qi State
492:Qi State
470:Qi State
355:and the
339:Zhang Yi
130:Jyutping
115:Su Ch‘in
18:In this
745:Sun Tzu
741:Sun Tzu
676:Xi Shou
620:Qi king
220:chengyu
189:Chinese
173:Guiguzi
718:Yue Yi
686:After
287::
268::
245::
226::
204::
202:pinyin
191::
161:Su Qin
156:Su Qin
101:Sū Qín
41:Su Qin
22:, the
774:Li Mu
739:" by
753:Zhou
692:Zhou
574:The
565:Zhao
563:and
529:Zhao
482:and
480:Zhao
325:and
323:Zhao
674:of
643:in
607:Yan
592:Yan
584:Wei
561:Wei
527:of
510:Chu
496:Qin
484:Wei
462:Wei
458:Wei
444:Han
331:Qin
327:Wei
319:Han
315:Yan
311:Chu
26:is
834::
772:,
760:.
631:.
615:Qi
588:Qi
559:,
557:Qi
523:li
516:.
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488:Qi
417:.
321:,
317:,
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307:Qi
283:;
241:;
222:"
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200:;
71:苏秦
57:蘇秦
29:Su
299:恭
296:後
293:倨
290:前
280:恭
277:后
274:倨
271:前
257:股
254:刺
251:梁
248:懸
238:股
235:刺
232:梁
229:悬
197:横
194:聯
32:.
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