2440:. Adamson (1967) commented that Luos clad in their traditional costumes and ornaments deserve their reputation as the most picturesque people in Kenya. During most of their performances the Luo wore costumes; sisal skirts (owalo), beads (Ombulu / tigo) worn around the neck and waist and red or white clay used by the ladies. The men's costumes included kuodi or chieno, a skin worn from the shoulders or from the waist. Ligisa headgear, shield and spear, reed hats and clubs were made from locally available materials. Luo musical instruments range from percussion (drums, clappers, metal rings, ongeng'o or gara, shakers), nyatiti, a type of lyre; orutu, a type of fiddle), wind (tung' a horn, Asili, a flute, Abu-!, to a specific type of trumpet. In the benga style of music. the guitar (acoustic, later electric) replaced the nyatiti as the string instrument. Benga is played by musicians of many tribes and is no longer considered a purely Luo style.
2507:
108:
2238:(in Zambia and Malawi). It is mainly spoken in the Northern, Luapula and Copperbelt Provinces, and has become the most widely spoken African language in the country, although not always as a first language. Bemba numbered 250,000 in 1963 but a much larger population includes some 'eighteen different ethnic groups' who, together with the Bemba, form a closely related ethno-linguistic cluster of matrilineal-matrifocal agriculturalists known as the Bemba-speaking peoples of Zambia. Instrumentation = babatone –
586:
819:
2045:
1224:
1360:
149:
confused with an improvisation that emphasizes the individual ego. The drummer's primary duty is to preserve the community. Master dancers and drummers are particular about the learning of the dance exactly as taught. Children must learn the dance exactly as taught without variation. Improvisation or a new variation comes only after mastering the dance, performing, and receiving the appreciation of spectators and the sanction of village elders.
1091:
138:
887:
674:
130:
community, celebrate festivals and funerals, compete, recite history, proverbs and poetry and encounter gods. They inculcate social patterns and values. Many dances are performed by only males or females. Dances are often segregated by gender, reinforcing gender roles in children. Community structures such as kinship, age, and status are also often reinforced. To share rhythm is to form a group consciousness, to
1821:
1489:
123:, the use of music is not limited to entertainment: it serves a purpose to the local community and helps in the conduct of daily routines. Traditional African music supplies appropriate music and dance for work and for religious ceremonies of birth, naming, rites of passage, marriage and funerals. The beats and sounds of the drum are used in communication as well as in cultural expression.
1490:
501:
166:
36:
2423:. Rhythms are characterized by syncopation and acrusis. Melodies are lyrical, with vocal ornamentations, especially when the music carries an important message. Songs are call-and-response or solo performances such as chants, recitatives with irregular rhythms and phrases which carried serious messages. Luo dances such as the
2427:
were introduced by them. A unique characteristic is the introduction of another chant at the middle of a musical performance. The singing stops, the pitch of the musical instruments go down and the dance becomes less vigorous as an individual takes up the performance in self-praise. This is called
152:
The music of the Luo, for another example, is functional, used for ceremonial, religious, political or incidental purposes, during funerals (Tero buru) to praise the departed, to console the bereaved, to keep people awake at night, to express pain and agony and during cleansing and chasing away of
148:
dancers and drummers, for instance, express communal desires, values, and collective creativity. The drumming represents an underlying linguistic text that guides the dancing performance, allowing linguistic meaning to be expressed non-verbally. The spontaneity of these performances should not be
3338:
129:
are largely participatory: there are traditionally no barriers between dancers and onlookers except with regard to spiritual, religious and initiation dances. Even ritual dances often have a time when spectators participate. Dances help people work, mature, praise or criticize members of the
2645:
are one of the largest and most urbanized communities in Kenya. At the Riuki cultural center in
Nairobi traditional songs and dances are still performed by local women, including music for initiations, courting, weddings, hunting, and working. The Kikuyu, like their neighbours the
888:
2179: – jengi – molimo The African Pygmies are particularly known for their usually vocal music, typically characterised by dense contrapuntal communal improvisation. Music permeates daily life and there are songs for entertainment as well as specific events and activities.
2127:, living partially but not exclusively on the wild products of their environment, they trade with neighbouring farmers to acquire cultivated foods and other material items. There are several Pygmy groups, the best known being the Mbenga (Aka and Baka) of the western
886:
5336:
609:
that began around 1500 BC: the last phases of expansion were 0–1000 AD. Only a few scattered languages in this great area cannot readily be associated with the Niger–Congo language family. However two significant non-Bantu musical traditions, the
1604:
1060:: there are populations in Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone and Liberia and, mainly in the northern inland regions, in the south coast states of Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria.
3587:, a traditional dance music, blended Ovambo music previously popularised by folk guitarist Kwela, Kangwe Keenyala, Boetie Simon, Lexington and Meme Nanghili na Shima with a dominant guitar, rhythm guitar, percussion and a heavy "talking"
1488:
2436:, mainly done by women, marks the climax of the musical performance. Dance styles are elegant and graceful, involving the movement of one leg in the opposite direction to the waist or vigorous shaking of the shoulders, usually to the
1491:
3323:
from
Central and East Africa reached their region. Khoi pastoralists apparently arrived in Southern Africa shortly before the Bantu. Large Khoi-san populations remain in several arid areas in the region, notably in the
2876:
of music played with it, which "is believed to be the most sophisticated method of composition yet found among preliterate peoples." Ensembles consist of around ten xylophones of four sizes and accompany ceremonial
3337:
1597:. Yoruba music traditionally centred on folklore and spiritual/deity worship, utilising basic and natural instruments such as handclaps. Professional musicians were referred to by the derogatory term of Alagbe.
2066:
have high levels of genetic diversity, yet are extremely divergent from all other human populations, suggesting they have an ancient indigenous lineage, the most ancient divergence after the
Southern African
157:), during courtship, in rain making and during divination and healing. Work songs are performed both during communal work like building, weeding, etc. and individual work like pounding of cereals, winnowing.
1828:
The central region of
African music is defined by the tropical rain-forests at the heart of the continent. However Chad, the northernmost state, has a considerable subtropical and desert northern region.
685:
must be considered under two main headings: in its northernmost and westernmost parts, many of the above-mentioned transnational sub-Saharan ethnic influences are found among the Hausa, the Fulani, the
442:
indicates the difficulty of dividing music traditions according to state frontiers. The musicology of Sudan involves some 133 language communities. that speak over 400 dialects, Afro-Asian, Nilotic and
5333:
3336:
2226:(DRC). There are over 30 Bemba clans, named after animals or natural organisms, such as the royal clan, "the people of the crocodile" (Bena Ng'andu) or the Bena Bowa (Mushroom Clan). The
1603:
3260:
1624:. The drum is the most important musical instrument for the Igbo people, used during celebrations, rites of passage, funerals, war, town meetings and other events, and the pot-drum or
3229:
82:
2823:
dance of northeastern Zambia, uses "interlocking" or antiphonal rhythms that feature in many
Eastern African instrumental styles such as the xylophone music of the Makonde
2071:. It is estimated that there are between 250,000 and 600,000 Pygmies living in the Congo rainforest, Most Pygmy communities dwell in tropical forests. with populations in
2474:
are related to the Maasai, and like them, play almost no instruments except simple pipes and a kind of guitar. There are also erotic songs sung by women praying for rain.
1602:
3219:
3194:
2198:
of Zambia. (or 'BaBemba' using the Ba- prefix to mean 'people of', and also called 'Awemba' or 'BaWemba' in the past) belong to a large group of peoples mainly in the
204:
5638:
Turino, pp. 172–173; Bensignor, François, Guus de Klein, and Lucy Duran, "Hidden
Treasure", "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" and "West Africa's Musical Powerhouse" in the
5794:
3623:
are genetically Bantu but speak the "click" language of the bushmen. Ma/gaisa or Damara Punch is a popular dance music genre that derives from their traditional music.
2447:
used no instruments in the past because as semi-nomadic
Nilotic pastoralists instruments were considered too cumbersome to move. Traditional Maasai music is strictly
3046:(literally "the nine tribes") are found on the coast of Tanzania, Kenya and Southern Somalia. They have a vibrant folk tradition perhaps due to less influence from
4891:
4680:
4643:
3209:
3039:, made by digging a large hole in the ground, over which an animal skin is pegged. A small hole is cut into the skin and a single string placed across the hole.
2506:
312:
577:
has penetrated to Sub-Saharan countries. These are included in the
Western region, but the music of Sub-Saharan herders and nomads is heard from west to east.
3234:
3224:
4457:
4874:
3061:
is a mixture of influences from Arabic, Indian and
Mijikenda music found in the coastal regions of Kenya, Zanzibar, Pemba and the islands off East Africa.
2678:, a xylophone, as well as several types of drum, is used in the courtly music of the Kabaka or king. Much of the music is based on playing interlocking
986:(a one-string bowed instrument similar to a violin), in addition to their vocal music. They also use end-blown bamboo flutes. Their griots are known as
1824:
The
Central African musicological region and the River Congo upon a satellite photograph showing the African tropical rainforest and desert regions
3246:
3204:
4401:
4276:
5016:
3214:
514:
5802:
5778:
5746:
5725:
5704:
5678:
5650:
5297:
5235:
4498:
4359:
308:
5370:
5287:
2328:, a modern genre popular in Tanzania and Kenya, is said to take both its name and its style from Egyptian music as formerly cultivated in
1720:
4739:
Turino, pp. 181–182; Bensignor, François with Eric Audra, and Ronnie Graham, "Afro-Funksters" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the
3989:. Hausa asauwara Ewe dances: agbadza – Gadzo. Mande include the Mandinka, Maninka and Bamana Dances: bansango – didadi –
3788:
Bass snare drum of the Lunsi ensemble. Of northern origin, it is played throughout Ghana by various groups, known by southern groups as
3199:
5840:
4752:
Echezona, Wilberforce W. Music Educators Journal. Ibo Musical Instruments. Vol. 50, No. 5. (April – May 1964), pp. 23–27,130–131.
3768:
A dried calabash bowl turned upside down and hit with the fist and fingers wearing rings. Used as accompaniment to melodic instruments
593:
These remaining four regions are most associated with Sub-Saharan African music: familiar African musical elements such as the use of
283:
4998:
4467:
4300:
4233:
4195:
1885:
spoken by some four million people in Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Libya and Sudan. They are noted for lute and drum music. The
3253:
2466:
have maintained their ancient traditions, including call and response music, which is almost entirely vocal. A horn made from the
2084:
1975:
4318:
1559:
are native to south-western Benin and south-eastern Togo. Aja living in Abomey mingled with the local tribe, thus creating the
107:
5835:
4911:
4437:
4214:
4176:
1736:
1712:
1180:, has gathered international interest for a minor pentatonic lute-and-voice style that is markedly similar to American blues.
874:
at the eastern Niger bend was powerful in the ninth century CE but later subordinated to Mali until its decline. In 1340 the
291:
5418:
5393:
5318:
5050:
3990:
3183:
2362:
646:
482:
4897:
4374:
4677:
4639:
4247:
3426:
630:
5612:
Turino, p. 184; Bensignor, François and Ronnie Graham, "Sounds of the Sahel" and "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the
2538:) are much used: particularly large ones have been developed among the court musicians of East African kings. The term
4531:
153:
spirits, during beer parties (Dudu, ohangla dance), welcoming back the warriors from a war, during a wrestling match (
131:
3475:
601:
may be found all over all four regions, as may be some instruments such as the iron bell. This is largely due to the
4935:
5845:
2864:
642:
4419:
3738:
6–10 stringed harp of the Akan and Fante peoples of south and central Ghana, used in an old genre of praise music.
794:
606:
3449:
3382:
2718:
2455:
2199:
255:
3545:
2176:
4869:
4347:
3742:
3347:
3064:
2802:
2402:
2088:
1983:
1956:
61:
2954:
2779: – umushayayo – umuhamirizo – imparamba – inkaranka – igishakamba – ikinyemera
1647:
367:
181:
4761:"Ames, David. African Arts. Kimkim: A Women's Musical Pot Vol. 11, No. 2. (January 1978), pp. 56–64,95–96."
1939:
has 44,761 speakers As of 1993 and is associated with the kingdom of Baguirmi. They are known for drum and
1320:
of Ghana and Burkina Faso and are known for complex interlocking (double meter) patterns on the xylophone (
5098:. Teldec Classics: 8573 86584-2. Liner notes by Aimard, Ligeti, Reich, and Simha Arom and Stefan Schomann.
1339:, withstood their Songhai and Mende neighbours before falling to the French, have a griot tradition. Also
662:
658:
231:
78:
553:
have migrated as far as Sudan at various times, often speaking Arabic as well as their own language. The
176:
divided Africa into seven regions for ethnomusicological purposes, observing current political frontiers
5256:, and Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Sounds Afroma!" and "Evolution and Expression" in the
5095:
4339:
3104:
3054:
2969:
2662:
1520:
750:
585:
558:
547:
402:
251:
235:
5769:, David B. Reck, John M. Schechter, Mark Slobin and R. Anderson Sutton (1992). Jeff Todd Titan (ed.).
4398:
134:
with one another, to be part of the collective rhythm of life to which all are invited to contribute.
4960:
4951:
Tishkoff; et al. (2009), "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans",
4351:
4280:
2494:
1769:
1728:
1437:
682:
5033:
5013:
1000:
is dominated by forms derived from the Mande Empire Their musicians, professional performers called
5766:
4688:
4018:
2768:
2691:
2255:
2251:
2140:
1886:
371:
363:
355:
287:
223:
5810:
5647:
5556:
Turino, pp. 105, 162, 182–183; Kendall, Judy and Banning Eyre, "Jit, Mbira and Chimurenga" in the
5232:
4014:
3982:
3012:
drum covered with goatskin at one end and open at the other. The drummer is also the lead singer.
2798:
1200:
818:
739:
5788:
4526:
3497:
3487:
3108:
2949: – valimba – xigovia – xipala-pala – xipendane – xitende – xizambe
2855:
2786:
2743:) are made from hollowed tree trunks covered with animal skins. In addition to the central drum,
2736:
2298:
2259:
638:
375:
211:
120:
5366:
2542:
is applied to rhythm and dance styles as well as the drums themselves. as among the East Kenyan
1925:, numbering roughly 350,000. Their folk music revolves around men's string instruments like the
1223:
1359:
1340:
5774:
5742:
5721:
5700:
5674:
5293:
5083:
4986:
4494:
4490:
4463:
4355:
4296:
4229:
4210:
4191:
4172:
3863:
3707:
3483:
3043:
3000:
is a dance for young people who meet to entertain themselves after the day's chores are done,
2972:
music and spectacular performances, dances that display athletic skills resemble those of the
2654:
are believed to have migrated from the Congo Basin. Meru people like the Chuka, who live near
2486:
2267:
2104:
2096:
2016:
1936:
1906:
1017:
823:
562:
526:
414:
359:
347:
275:
5272:
Jacquemin, Jean-Pierre, Jadot Sezirahigha and Richard Trillo, "Echoes from the Hills" in the
4556:
Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the
4543:
Hudson, Mark with Jenny Cathcart and Lucy Duran, "Senegambian Stars Are Here to Stay" in the
3782:
Traditional one stringed-fiddle played by a majority of other sahelian groups in West Africa.
2988:
is a dance for mainly elderly women and men performed at healing and rain-making ceremonies,
2934:
2634:
1286:
622:, do much to define the music of the central region and of the southern region respectively.
5736:
5087:
4976:
4968:
4626:
4343:
3871:
3630:
3537:
3533:
3437:
3016:(pl: Myali) is a dance accompanying a song usually made to criticize anti-social behaviour:
2984:. The Akamba also have work songs. Their music is divided into several groups based on age:
2981:
2706:
2510:
2234:
Kaonde (in Zambia and the DRC), Luba (in the DRC), Nsenga and Tonga (in Zambia), and Nyanja/
2219:
2203:
2136:
2124:
1960:
1570:
1531:
1401:
1346:
1090:
1079:
1025:
1021:
965:
934:
855:
735:
727:
649:, many of whom descend from Niger-Congo peoples, has had considerable influence upon modern
462:
418:
406:
343:
271:
239:
219:
4521:
4026:
2044:
1724:
1708:
1132:, the largest ethnic group of Guinea-Bissau, play a similar gourd lute instrument called a
137:
5735:
Philip V. Bohlman; Bruno Nettl; Charles Capwell; Thomas Turino; Isabel K. F. Wong (1997).
5654:
5397:
5340:
5322:
5239:
5054:
5020:
5002:
4939:
4878:
4684:
4441:
4423:
4405:
4378:
4334:
Bechtold, Peter R. (1991). "More Turbulence in Sudan — A New Politics This Time?" in
4322:
4251:
4030:
3620:
3557:
3479:
3459:
3445:
3370:
3325:
3320:
3306:
3298:
2782:
2731:
2702:
2283:
2231:
1990:
1943:
music and a folk dance in which a mock battle is conducted between dancers wielding large
1933:
1882:
1866:
1792:
1594:
1274:
1177:
1033:
1013:
782:
691:
654:
650:
626:
602:
566:
474:
422:
351:
339:
331:
316:
227:
173:
4995:
1743:
The music of Cape Verde has long been influenced by Europe, Instrumentation includes the
17:
5501:
Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa: A Comparative Ethnography of the Khoisan Peoples
4964:
3429:
includes some Xhosa tunes and vocal lyrics. Instruments: uhadi. Ndbele Instrumentation:
673:
169:
Geo-political map of Africa divided for ethnomusicological purposes, after Merriam, 1959
5715:
5693:
5034:
Sensitive Detection of Chromosomal Segments of Distinct Ancestry in Admixed Populations
4981:
4112:
4062:
3994:
3867:
3561:
3549:
3529:
3467:
3463:
3441:
3374:
3143: – sigaoma – tsapika – watsa watsa. Instrumentation jejy voatavo –
2950:
2471:
2463:
2390:
2263:
2250:
The East African musicological region, which includes the islands of the Indian Ocean,
2235:
2227:
2223:
2049:
1890:
1874:
1862:
1389:
1332:
1317:
1305:
1290:
1282:
1240:
1196:
1173:
1129:
1057:
1045:
1041:
926:
879:
875:
851:
466:
436:
379:
335:
279:
267:
259:
247:
197:
1440:
are Ga drummers who have achieved international fame. A huge log xylophone is used in
180:, and this article follows this division as far as possible in surveying the music of
5829:
4933:
Virtual Chad: A look beyond the statistics into the realities of life in Chad, Africa
4313:
4042:
3833:
3592:
3568:
3553:
3541:
3521:
3471:
3434:
3422:
3418:
3395:
3378:
3078:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2873:
2806:
2790:
2674:
are a large southern Ugandan population with well-documented musical traditions. The
2642:
2595:
2579:
2478:
2462:. Performances are often competitive and divided by age and gender. The neighbouring
2444:
2416:
2394:
2341:
2275:
2063:
1902:
1804:
1628:(means "pot") is their most common and popular drum: a smaller variant is called the
1524:
1313:
1278:
1236:
1184:
1111:
1049:
997:
786:
762:
758:
754:
731:
707:
634:
598:
574:
494:
304:
263:
243:
145:
126:
87:
51:
4399:
The Chronological Evidence for the Introduction of Domestic Stock in Southern Africa
4372:"Nilotic", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.
2454:, a group chanting polyphonic rhythms while soloists take turns singing verses. The
5688:
4592:
4094:
4085:
4065:
4006:
3950:
3902:
3893:
3848:
3841:
3837:
3698:
3608:
3401:
3351:
3319:. The San include the original inhabitants of Southern Africa before the southward
3302:
3294:
3148:
3116:
3047:
3024:
2965:
2930:
2914:
2851:
2755:
drums follow the rhythm established by the Inkiranya. Dancers may carry ornamental
2615:
2603:
2583:
2555:
2543:
2490:
2398:
2271:
2195:
1971:
1952:
1870:
1846:
1838:
1820:
1581:
after the drum, using various sizes of tension drum along with special band drums (
1574:
1566:
1528:
1449:
1413:
1385:
1336:
1328:
1192:
1083:
1071:
1067:
1053:
1029:
902:
898:
847:
843:
831:
800:
Inland and coastal languages are only distantly related. While the north, with its
715:
687:
570:
554:
539:
387:
71:
4919:
4434:
2980:. Dances are usually accompanied by songs composed for the occasion and sung on a
4484:
5466:
5414:
5390:
5315:
5253:
5091:
5047:
4279:. Department of Communication Studies, University of North Texas. Archived from
4058:
3924:
3888:
3857:
3751:
3724:
3685:
3626:
3571:
number roughly 1,500,000 and consist of a number of kindred groups that inhabit
3513:
3493:
3455:
3414:
3313:
2977:
2816:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2575:
2526:
2451:
2406:
2378:
2366:
2279:
2215:
2144:
2128:
2056:
2032:
1948:
1716:
1696:
1535:
1393:
1377:
1369:
1309:
1115:
1063:
993:
949:
922:
863:
859:
611:
550:
490:
478:
447:
Sudan takes its name from that of the sub-Saharan savanna which makes, with the
383:
154:
4325:, Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 15th ed., Dallas: SIL International, 2005
3008:
etc. In the Kilumi dance the drummer, usually female, plays sitting on a large
637:, music), which is generally associated with being a common trait among modern
529:
regions. They number around 1.5 million, about 10% of the population. of Sudan.
5066:
Turino, pp. 170–171; Abram, Dave, "Sounds from the African Rainforest" in the
4893:
Traditional Music of the Republic of Chad – Sound Clip – MSN Encarta
4371:
3979:
3679:
3663:
3572:
3386:
3363:
3164:
3112:
3100:
3050:
3036:
2898:
2726:
2659:
2563:
2207:
2004:
1878:
1774:
1621:
1613:
1560:
1556:
1504:
1429:
1248:
1107:
964:
in the east. In the 19th century they overthrew the Hausa and established the
930:
871:
835:
703:
594:
5125:
Ronnie Graham with Simon Kandela Tunkanya, "Evolution and Expression" in the
4244:
3579:, forming about half of that state's population, as well as the southernmost
3393:
style to African popular music as well as the polyphonic vocal styles called
3301:
who share physical and putative linguistic characteristics distinct from the
1428:
style, a modernized traditional dance and music form, developed around 1960.
4972:
4054:
3754:
3642:
3124:
3094:
2902:
2859:
2517:
2448:
1842:
1744:
1544:
1500:
1405:
826:
harp-lute is perhaps the most sophisticated of Africa's stringed instruments
807:
458:
5486:, p. 112; Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the
4990:
4855:, p. 96; Máximo, Susana and David Peterson, "Music of Sweet Sorrow" in the
4835:
Lima, Conceução and Caroline Shaw, "Island Music of Central Africa" in the
4038:
2320:
1800:
4703:, pp. 90, 92, 182; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the
1986:. Their number is estimated by various sources at between 1 and 4 million.
968:. The Fula play a variety of traditional instruments including drums, the
27:
Traditional sound-based art forms developed by sub-Saharan African peoples
4932:
4788:
Nkolo, Jean-Victor and Graeme Ewens, "Music of a Small Continent" in the
4226:
Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
4034:
4022:
3934:
3911:
3829:
3763:
3719:
3600:
3588:
3525:
3406:
3390:
3359:
3355:
3168:
3152:
2894:
2840:
2794:
2776:
2740:
2722:
2679:
2675:
2631:
2627:
2567:
2514:
2482:
2386:
2370:
2329:
2156:
2148:
2112:
2092:
2020:
1955:, the largest in Chad, making up to 30% of its population and 10% of the
1796:
1786:
1681:
1617:
1590:
1433:
1425:
1120:
619:
522:
410:
112:
4153:
1495:
Complex polyphonic structures of Baoule singers intoned by Djourou harp.
500:
5625:
Turino, p. 178; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the
5048:
Forest peoples in the central African rain forest: focus on the pygmies
4608:
Turino, p. 182; Collins, John, "Gold Coast: Highlife and Roots" in the
4416:
4073:
3975:
3959:
3928:
3906:
3883:
3878:
3807:
3670:
3596:
3576:
3517:
3501:
3309:
3278:
3274:
3132:
3128:
3086:
3032:
2946:
2938:
2772:
2670:
2547:
2411:
2345:
2172:
2168:
2116:
2076:
2068:
1964:
1858:
1704:
1700:
1212:
1103:
1075:
953:
906:
790:
778:
699:
615:
518:
470:
4228:
by Henry Louis Gates, Anthony Appiah 1999 Basic Civics Books page 556
2622:, being about 16% of Kenya's total population of 38.5 million, and in
1452:, is still played but often replaced by guitar. Other styles include;
165:
5442:, pp. 579–584; Karolyi, p. 32; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in
4118:
4106:
4100:
4069:
4046:
3986:
3956:
3944:
3940:
3915:
3772:
3604:
3580:
3505:
3430:
3410:
3329:
3160:
3156:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3120:
3090:
3058:
2906:
2764:
2760:
2623:
2599:
2571:
2559:
2551:
2420:
2374:
2333:
2288:
2239:
2211:
2152:
2120:
2108:
2080:
2072:
2024:
1994:
1944:
1940:
1926:
1922:
1898:
1850:
1780:
1762:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1455:
1373:
1204:
1037:
957:
942:
918:
867:
5771:
Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples
5223:
Turino, pp. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the
5192:
Turino, pp. 179, 182; Sandahl, Sten, "Exiles and Traditions" in the
2925:, and the leader's indications. The composer then consults with the
1573:
and in Afro-Latin and Caribbean musical styles. Ensembles using the
1719:
chorus and drum group; Instrumentation = mvet; Other = bebom-mvet.
1608:
Complex polyrhythms performed by Igbo musicians in Nsukka, Nigeria.
1363:
The musical ensemble of the chief of Abetifi (Kwahu people) c. 1890
834:
existed from before c. 830 until c. 1235 in what is now south-east
4050:
4010:
4002:
3998:
3920:
3897:
3823:
3814:
3795:
3655:
3647:
3509:
3334:
2973:
2958:
2942:
2922:
2886:
2878:
2756:
2710:
2619:
2587:
2505:
2382:
2349:
2337:
2303:
2214:
who trace their origins to the Luba and Lunda states of the upper
2182:
2164:
2160:
2100:
2043:
2028:
2012:
2008:
1979:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1854:
1819:
1752:
1732:
1641:
1600:
1516:
1508:
1486:
1381:
1358:
1293:
speaking people. Drummers in Dagbon are storytellers, historians,
1269:
1222:
1208:
1125:
1089:
1001:
974:
961:
914:
910:
884:
817:
810:, the south relies much more upon drum sets and communal singing.
802:
774:
766:
719:
672:
584:
534:
510:
499:
486:
453:
136:
106:
5163:
Ewens, Graeme and Werner Graebner, "A Lightness of Touch" in the
830:
Complex societies existed in the region from about 1500 BCE. The
4459:
Theory of African Music: I. Xylophone playing in southern Uganda
4089:
3801:
3777:
3659:
3316:
3082:
3028:
2890:
2714:
2591:
2467:
2167: – ieta – limbindi – molimo – ngombi –
1689:
1512:
1294:
1216:
1188:
938:
839:
770:
743:
723:
711:
695:
448:
4687:, Friedrich August Louis Ramseyer, 1888–95, taken in Abetifi,
4209:. Kariamu Welsh, 2004, Chelsea House Publishers, pages 19,21.
4190:
by Jacqui Malone. University of Illinois Press. 1996. page 9.
2292:
1637:
1563:
or Dahomey ethnic group, now the largest in Benin. Tchinkoumé.
29:
4723:
Bensignor, François with Eric Audra, "Afro-Funksters" in the
4295:. Kariamu Welsh Asante. Africa World Press, Inc. 2000, p. 60
451:, a great cross-roads of the region. South of the Sahara the
4245:
Rhythm As A Tool For Healing and Health in The Aging process
2885:
which consist of an overture and ten movements of different
625:
As a result of the migrations of Niger-Congo peoples (e.g.,
3840:
and Fulani minorities, or the two-stringed 'Gurumi' of the
3832:
lute. Varieties include the one-stringed 'Kolgo/Koliko' of
3417:
made an international impression in the jazz world through
2763:
and lead the procession with their dance. Instrumentation;
2497:, which is made from a cooking pot strung with metal wires.
5210:
Paterson, Doug, "The Life and Times of Kenyan Pop" in the
5145:
Graebner, Werner, "Mtindo – Dance with Style" in the
4435:
On Bantu and Khoisan in (Southeastern) Zambia, (in German)
4171:. Kariamu Welsh, 2004, Chelsea House Publishers, page 35.
2007:
and other upper-class ceremonies throughout both Chad and
1921:, are semi-nomadic herders, Nilo-Saharan speakers, mostly
925:; rural folk music and urban court music developed in the
917:
and many West and Central African countries. They speak a
497:. Many of these have been included in the Eastern region.
4640:"About the Dagomba – Dagomba Dance Drumming – Confluence"
3747:
the largest of the supporting drums used to play in Atsiã
2332:. Latterly there have been European influences also: the
1989:
Horns and trumpets such as the long royal trumpet, a tin
569:, have moved in the opposite direction. Further west the
5503:. New York; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
2493:
and other traditions. They are known also for using the
1094:
Jola man at Boucotte in Casamance (Sénégal) playing the
921:
language. There are two broad categories of traditional
806:
traditions, makes great use of stringed instruments and
2775: – ikondera – ihembe – urutaro. Dances:
2147:
Includes the Aka, Baka, Mambuti Mbuti and Efé; styles:
1849:, ca. 600 BCE – 1380 CE encompassed much of Chad,
1837:
The north of this region has Nilo-Saharans such as the
1281:. Similar styles are practised by local Fulani, Hausa,
1078:, kin to the Fula, have contributed greatly to popular
978:), a plucked skin-covered lute similar to a banjo, and
382:. The eastern region has received south Asian and even
1420:. Akan peoples have complex court music including the
1012:), have produced popular alongside traditional music.
5227:, pp. 698–701; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in
4770:
Ronnie Graham, "From Hausa Music to Highlife" in the
4707:, pp. 488–498; Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in
4569:
de Klein, Guus, "The Backyard Beats of Gumbe" in the
1723:
Styles: danço-Congo – dêxa – socopé –
5758:
Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents
4109:
dance = chitsukulumwe – gule wa mkulu likhuba
2513:
Gbanzili men of the rainforest play xylophones with
2011:. Other traditional Chadian instruments include the
960:
and have spread to surrounding states and as far as
481:, Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania, include the
2819:women of Tanzania and Mozambique, like that of the
1227:A performance group from Burkina Faso based on the
933:. Their folk music has played an important part in
5692:
5599:Bensignor, François, "Sounds of the Sahel" in the
5577:
5575:
2314:, a small guitar of Madagascar, like the Comorian
581:Western, central, eastern and southern territories
4847:
4845:
3836:-speaking groups, the two-stringed 'Molo' of the
513:are a mainly agro-pastoral people inhabiting the
205:Middle Eastern and North African music traditions
77:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
4735:
4733:
4021:São Tomé and Principe dance: danço-Congo –
3350:include all of the important Bantu languages of
2682:phrases in parallel octaves. Other instruments;
1671:gullu, gungonga, korbala, kornia, sinyegule, wua
1297:of family ancestry who perform at events called
5669:Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham, eds. (2000).
5268:
5266:
4595:, "Heart of the African Music Industry" in the
4389:Ancient Historical Society Virtual Museum, 2010
4266:, WCC Publications, Geneva, Switzerland. 1997.
2909:partially based on the features of the Chopi's
1158:string, the longest. Top string stopped gives G
5760:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
5249:
5247:
5121:
5119:
5117:
4664:Bensignor, François, "Hidden Treasure" in the
2917:line. The musicians of the ensemble partially
1893:(1635–1912) were also centred near Lake Chad.
1118:are notable for their stringed instrument the
5773:(Second ed.). New York: Schirmer Books.
5530:Allingham, Rob, "The Nation of Voice" in the
5526:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5188:
5186:
5159:
5157:
5155:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4719:
4717:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
3254:
2921:their parts according to style, instrumental
1654:, a popular dance from the South of Cameroon.
8:
5793:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
4831:
4829:
4802:
4800:
4798:
3853:Varieties of Hourglass-shaped Talking drums.
1538:and have contributed popular styles such as
948:The originally nomadic/pastoral Senegambian
3135:. Madagascar also vakodrazana style, dance
5462:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5311:
5309:
5014:World Bank accused of razing Congo forests
4462:. University of Chicago Press. p. 9.
3806:large resonant Xylophones, related to the
3277:Also Basarwa, Khoe, Khwe, San, !Kung. The
3261:
3247:
3179:
3097:"Mashindano Ni Matezo" is very well known.
2929:of the ceremony and adjustments are made.
2889:and styles. The ensemble leader serves as
2409:derives from the traditional music of the
5642:, pp. 437–439, 499–504, 539–562; Manuel,
4980:
4819:Dominguez, Manuel, "Malabo Blues" in the
3119: – maloya (ritual). Instrumentation
2843:, is responded to by another player, the
1589:uses the drum to "talk" by imitating the
461:of transition between the desert and the
5695:Traditional African & Oriental Music
5673:(First ed.). London: Rough Guides.
5043:
5041:
4451:
4449:
3595:, with about 240,000 members, mostly in
2992:for young and acrobatic girls and boys,
2630:. They number about 6.1 million people.
164:
5717:Popular Musics of the Non-Western World
4133:
3182:
3107:, which include Réunion, Mauritius and
862:, which spread its influence along the
641:, spread throughout Africa. Due to the
504:The sahel (brown) and the Sudan (green)
5786:
5438:Paco, Celso, "A Luta Continua" in the
5286:Ember, Carol R.; Melvin Ember (2003).
4806:Koetting, James T., "Africa/Ghana" in
4158:. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
3171:theater. Seychellois dance contonbley.
2709:is mainly that of the closely related
1152:string of middle length and a middle C
1146:/B drone string at the bottom, a top F
734:found throughout West Africa, and the
5720:. New York: Oxford University Press.
4743:, pp. 432–436,588–600; Karolyi, p. 43
4053: – nagila – pe zara –
3619:, has become popular in Namibia. The
2318:, may take its name from the Arabian
2048:Distribution of Pygmies according to
203:, is mostly treated separately under
7:
3798:drums of other West African peoples.
3607:speak a similar language, as do the
3111:are noted for the dance/music style
2751:drums provide a continuous beat and
2445:Music and dance of the Maasai people
2365:inhabit an area that stretches from
2286:has adopted instruments such as the
2270:, has been open to the influence of
1873:(1396–1893) was a continuation, the
1577:play a type of music that is called
937:, contributing elements such as the
892:Funerary chant sung in Burkina Faso.
749:The coastal regions are home to the
614:of the Congo jungle and that of the
313:the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5292:. New York: Springer. p. 247.
5086:Pygmies, performed by Aka Pygmies,
3654:used especially by the Gorovodu, a
3629:styles = harepa, Instrumentation =
3342:Song of Lamentation from Mozambique
3067:dance = beni (music) – likwata
2801:, Instrumentation kibangala –
1841:. Early kingdoms were founded near
956:represent 40% of the population of
677:Gambian boy with bowed tin-can lute
5741:(Second ed.). Prentice Hall.
4336:Sudan: State and Society in Crisis
2458:that follows each verse is called
1901:, who live mainly in the north of
1644:, a flat metal pan used as a bell.
1448:, midway between the kora and the
1247:talking drum and a bass drum with
1191:and the extreme western corner of
67:for transliterated languages, and
47:of its non-English content, using
25:
5765:Fujie, Linda, James T. Koetting,
4637:, quoted by Elana Cohen-Khani at
2905:, creating a text, improvising a
2574:, who trace their origins to the
2485:border, and their music reflects
1861:, perhaps founded by the nomadic
1444:music. The 10–14 string Ghanaian
4061: – osibisaba – sikyi.
3366:. They have several sub-groups;
2405:(Kenyan and Tanzanian Luo). Luo
2085:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1976:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1967:, whistle, harp and kodjo drums.
1086:are notable for polyphonic song.
254:and also the coastal nations of
111:Drumming and dancing at Dakawa,
34:
5421:from the original on 2016-03-04
5373:from the original on 2014-10-19
4646:from the original on 2016-08-03
4486:Ancient kingdoms of West Africa
3694:a narrow drum or membranophone.
2858:are known for a unique kind of
2586:. The term is also used by the
1665:vocal style. Other styles are;
1475:. Instrumentation includes the
589:Saharan trade routes circa 1400
5803:"International Dance Glossary"
5590:Turino, p. 183; Karolyi, p. 37
5289:Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender
4678:"Chief of Abertifi's orchestra
4312:Gordon, Raymond G. Jr. (ed.),
3684:the royal talking drum of the
3057:-based and extremely complex.
2881:with long compositions called
2432:. A unique kind of ululation,
2352:are danced in the Seychelles.
1974:live in the north-east of the
1721:Music of São Tomé and Principe
1552:/highlife fusion of the 1950s.
878:made Gao the capital of a new
83:multilingual support templates
1:
5070:, pp. 601–607; Karolyi, p. 24
4547:, pp. 617–633; Karolyi, p. 42
4088:Dance = gule wa mkulu –
3819:small pentatonic thumb piano.
3293:) is a unifying name for two
2793: – wedding music Dances
2470:antelope is also played. The
2282:. In the south of the region
2230:(Chibemba) is related to the
1951:are a linguistically related
1727: – xtléva; Instruments:
1273:) lute music, also played by
1211:. The Senufo are notable for
647:music of the African diaspora
5412:. Harvard University Press.
4912:"Chad - Arts and Literature"
4489:, J.H.Röll Verlag, pp.
4076: – grolo – sidder
3712:a 21 string double harp-lute
3305:majority of the region, the
3220:Middle East and North Africa
2968:are known for their complex
2598:style drums, especially the
1477:aburukawa, apentemma, dawuro
1164:, middle string stopped is D
870:kingdoms and provinces. The
309:the Central African Republic
5367:"Interlocking | music"
4532:Central Intelligence Agency
4417:A Brief History of Botswana
2419:of northern Uganda use the
1412:rhythm to Ivory Coast, the
718:and the northern halves of
607:Niger–Congo-speaking people
538:has found a home among the
5862:
5671:Rough Guide to World Music
5640:Rough Guide to World Music
5627:Rough Guide to World Music
5614:Rough Guide to World Music
5601:Rough Guide to World Music
5558:Rough Guide to World Music
5532:Rough Guide to World Music
5488:Rough Guide to World Music
5471:Rough Guide to World Music
5469:, "Sounds Afroma!" in the
5440:Rough Guide to World Music
5410:Music in Primitive Culture
5364:Encyclopædia Britannica,
5274:Rough Guide to World Music
5258:Rough Guide to World Music
5225:Rough Guide to World Music
5212:Rough Guide to World Music
5194:Rough Guide to World Music
5165:Rough Guide to World Music
5147:Rough Guide to World Music
5127:Rough Guide to World Music
5109:Folk and Traditional Music
5068:Rough Guide to World Music
4857:Rough Guide to World Music
4837:Rough Guide to World Music
4821:Rough Guide to World Music
4790:Rough Guide to World Music
4772:Rough Guide to World Music
4741:Rough Guide to World Music
4725:Rough Guide to World Music
4705:Rough Guide to World Music
4666:Rough Guide to World Music
4610:Rough Guide to World Music
4597:Rough Guide to World Music
4571:Rough Guide to World Music
4558:Rough Guide to World Music
4545:Rough Guide to World Music
4422:December 28, 2009, at the
4377:February 17, 2009, at the
4346:) in association with the
3760:Goun kakagbo – hongan
3703:a drum about two feet tall
3599:, the remainder living in
3496:also Tsonga. Instruments:
3362:, and several of southern
3004:for the old men and women.
2185:Instrumentation = lulanga.
2054:
1688:; Bamileke people use the
643:Trans-Atlantic slave trade
517:region of the Nile basin,
362:as well as the islands of
286:as well as the islands of
242:, of the inland plains of
5841:African traditional music
5738:Excursions in World Music
5653:February 7, 2006, at the
5321:January 21, 2016, at the
5053:October 25, 2016, at the
4440:October 16, 2007, at the
4321:February 3, 2013, at the
4140:C. Stapleton and C. May,
3421:and others, for example,
2913:, and composing a second
2719:Royal Drummers of Burundi
2602:drums, are played by the
2035:(a five-string bow harp).
1176:music, as interpreted by
465:, stretching between the
284:the Republic of the Congo
18:Sub-Saharan African music
4591:Bensignor, François and
4348:Indiana University Press
4338:, edited by John Voll. (
3862:known as 'Jinjeram' (in
3544:, Nambya, Tawara, Tewe.
3528:Shona languages include
3348:Southern Bantu languages
3065:Yao people (East Africa)
3053:. Their music is mostly
3020:is a circumcision dance.
2797: – kumbwaya –
2771: – iningiri –
2698:. Dance – baksimba.
2302: – even the Indian
2089:Central African Republic
1984:Central African Republic
1957:Central African Republic
1929:and women's vocal music.
1877:founding a new state at
1454:adaha, agbadza, akwete,
1255:, as well as the flute,
858:(c. 1240) and began the
328:(light green on the map)
196:, including that of the
5339:April 18, 2010, at the
5238:April 14, 2006, at the
4973:10.1126/science.1172257
4877:March 27, 2016, at the
4683:March 25, 2012, at the
4633:, (1973), David Locke,
4456:Kubik, Gerhard (1994).
4404:March 25, 2009, at the
4156:Encyclopædia Britannica
4144:, Paladin 1989, page 5.
3933:Comorian msondo –
3405:. Also izihlabo –
3027:people use an enormous
2415:lyre: the Luo-speaking
2175:. Other = boona –
2159: – lullaby –
2155: – likanos –
1669:. Instruments include;
1648:Bassa people (Cameroon)
1263:) and bell. as well as
901:are one of the largest
201:(dark green on the map)
182:ethnic groups in Africa
5714:Manuel, Peter (1988).
5616:, pp. 585–587, 588–600
5490:, pp. 111–112, 505–508
5396:March 4, 2016, at the
4922:on September 28, 2007.
4250:July 23, 2011, at the
4013: – bamaya –
3675:a rattle or idiophone.
3476:Sotho–Tswana languages
3343:
3081:live primarily in the
2725:of birth, funeral and
2521:
2052:
1982:and the south-eastern
1825:
1632:. Igbo Styles include
1609:
1496:
1364:
1239:-speaking peoples the
1231:
1098:
893:
827:
678:
590:
521:and parts of southern
505:
440:(turquoise on the map)
301:(dark blue on the map)
170:
142:
116:
5836:Lists of music genres
5756:Nettl, Bruno (1965).
5499:Barnard, Alan (1992)
5408:Nettl, Bruno (1956).
5260:, pp. 533–538,702–705
5096:Pierre-Laurent Aimard
5019:May 13, 2016, at the
5001:June 1, 2009, at the
4340:Middle East Institute
4188:Steppin' on the Blues
4124:Henga dance = vimbuza
4029:. Cape Verde Dance =
3516: – njari –
3341:
3230:Oceania and Australia
3105:the Mascarene Islands
3093:. The Bajuni women's
2509:
2139:, and the Twa of the
2047:
1959:. Descendants of the
1823:
1636:. Other instruments:
1607:
1494:
1392:, who originated the
1362:
1226:
1187:, living in southern
1124:, a precursor of the
1093:
891:
854:defeated them at the
846:had their capital at
821:
795:Benue–Congo languages
789:languages, spoken in
710:-speaking peoples of
676:
588:
503:
403:music of South Africa
298:Central African Music
292:São Tomé and Príncipe
168:
141:African ethnic groups
140:
110:
4938:May 5, 2016, at the
4631:Growing up in Dagbon
4352:Bloomington, Indiana
4264:The Drumbeat of Life
3993: – sogominkum.
3546:Tswa–Ronga languages
3389:has contributed the
3085:islands and also in
2163:. Instrumentation =
1889:(1522–1897) and the
1865:, then ruled by the
1770:twelve string guitar
1707:; Instrumentation =
1699:of Cameroon Style =
1640: – ufie –
1569:is prominent in the
1438:Mustapha Tettey Addy
1203:with one group, the
683:music of West Africa
631:polyrhythmic culture
81:. Knowledge (XXG)'s
45:specify the language
43:This article should
5813:on February 7, 2006
5807:World Music Central
5767:David P. McAllester
5648:World Music Central
5233:World Music Central
4965:2009Sci...324.1035T
4959:(5930): 1035–1044,
4689:Kwahu East District
4623:The Lions of Dagbon
4154:" African music."
3526:kushaura-kutsinhira
2356:Northern traditions
2031:tradition uses the
1887:Kingdom of Baguirmi
1833:Northern traditions
1503:, the music of the
1207:, in north-western
459:bio-geographic zone
386:influences via the
216:(yellow on the map)
5316:The Luhya of Kenya
4996:Supplementary Data
4621:Martin Staniland,
4527:The World Factbook
4315:Languages of Sudan
4283:on August 3, 2010.
4262:Sebastian Bakare,
4103:dance = manchancha
3778:Goonji/Gonjey/Goge
3729:large thumb piano.
3413:Other = ukubonga.
3344:
3195:Sub-Saharan Africa
2856:Inhambane Province
2721:perform music for
2522:
2310:, also called the
2053:
1881:. These spoke the
1826:
1610:
1497:
1365:
1355:The Gulf of Guinea
1232:
1099:
894:
828:
679:
639:cultures of Africa
591:
506:
399:(brown on the map)
212:West African music
171:
143:
121:sub-Saharan Africa
117:
5846:Traditional music
5780:978-0-02-872602-1
5748:978-0-13-230632-4
5727:978-0-19-505342-5
5706:978-0-14-023107-6
5699:. Penguin Books.
5680:978-1-85828-636-5
5415:"Theory of Music"
5299:978-0-306-47770-6
5082:(2003). Music by
5032:A. Price et al.,
4916:cp.settlement.org
4871:Founding of Kanem
4500:978-3-89754-115-3
4360:978-0-253-36270-4
4142:African All-stars
4045: – tabanca.
3943:dance/instrument
3905:Instrumentation:
3896:Instrumentation:
3866:) or Jinjeli (in
3708:Kora (instrument)
3339:
3271:
3270:
3115:. Mascarene also
2456:call and response
2373:through northern
2218:, in what became
2131:, the Mbuti (Efe
2105:Republic of Congo
2097:Equatorial Guinea
2017:string instrument
1937:Baguirmi language
1907:Tibesti mountains
1790:. Styles include
1739:; Other: Tchiloli
1605:
1585:). The leader or
1492:
1185:Senufo or Senoufo
941:, a one-stringed
889:
866:through numerous
463:Sudanian savannas
119:In many parts of
105:
104:
85:may also be used.
16:(Redirected from
5853:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5809:. Archived from
5798:
5792:
5784:
5761:
5752:
5731:
5710:
5698:
5684:
5657:
5636:
5630:
5623:
5617:
5610:
5604:
5597:
5591:
5588:
5582:
5579:
5570:
5567:
5561:
5554:
5548:
5541:
5535:
5528:
5513:
5510:
5504:
5497:
5491:
5480:
5474:
5464:
5447:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5406:
5400:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5362:
5356:
5349:
5343:
5331:
5325:
5313:
5304:
5303:
5283:
5277:
5270:
5261:
5251:
5242:
5221:
5215:
5208:
5197:
5190:
5181:
5174:
5168:
5161:
5150:
5143:
5130:
5123:
5112:
5105:
5099:
5077:
5071:
5064:
5058:
5045:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5011:
5005:
4993:
4984:
4948:
4942:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4918:. Archived from
4908:
4902:
4901:
4896:. Archived from
4888:
4882:
4866:
4860:
4849:
4840:
4833:
4824:
4817:
4811:
4804:
4793:
4786:
4775:
4768:
4762:
4759:
4753:
4750:
4744:
4737:
4728:
4721:
4712:
4697:
4691:
4675:
4669:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4627:Christine Oppong
4619:
4613:
4606:
4600:
4589:
4574:
4567:
4561:
4554:
4548:
4541:
4535:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4453:
4444:
4432:
4426:
4414:
4408:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4381:
4369:
4363:
4344:Washington, D.C.
4332:
4326:
4310:
4304:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4273:
4267:
4260:
4254:
4242:
4236:
4223:
4217:
4204:
4198:
4185:
4179:
4166:
4160:
4151:
4145:
4138:
3615:, also known as
3611:. Herero people
3458:style: mohabelo
3450:Southern Ndebele
3438:Tekela languages
3383:Northern Ndebele
3340:
3321:Bantu migrations
3263:
3256:
3249:
3186:music traditions
3180:
3072:The Indian Ocean
2982:pentatonic scale
2658:, are known for
2502:Bantu traditions
2389:and include the
2220:Katanga Province
2190:Bantu traditions
2137:Ituri Rainforest
2125:hunter-gatherers
2040:The Pygmy people
1978:, south-western
1961:Sao civilisation
1883:Kanuri languages
1606:
1571:music of Nigeria
1493:
1406:polyphonic music
1316:and the related
1169:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1140:, with a short A
1080:Senegalese music
966:Sokoto Caliphate
890:
856:Battle of Kirina
563:Ancient Egyptian
220:music of Senegal
194:(red on the map)
192:region of Africa
100:
97:
91:
76:
70:
66:
60:
56:
50:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5861:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5826:
5825:
5816:
5814:
5801:
5785:
5781:
5764:
5755:
5749:
5734:
5728:
5713:
5707:
5687:
5681:
5668:
5665:
5660:
5655:Wayback Machine
5637:
5633:
5624:
5620:
5611:
5607:
5598:
5594:
5589:
5585:
5580:
5573:
5568:
5564:
5555:
5551:
5542:
5538:
5529:
5516:
5511:
5507:
5498:
5494:
5481:
5477:
5465:
5450:
5444:Worlds of Music
5437:
5433:
5424:
5422:
5417:. 3 July 2008.
5413:
5407:
5403:
5398:Wayback Machine
5391:Theory of Music
5389:
5385:
5376:
5374:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5350:
5346:
5341:Wayback Machine
5332:
5328:
5323:Wayback Machine
5314:
5307:
5300:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5271:
5264:
5252:
5245:
5240:Wayback Machine
5229:Worlds of Music
5222:
5218:
5209:
5200:
5191:
5184:
5175:
5171:
5162:
5153:
5144:
5133:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5102:
5094:, performed by
5080:African Rhythms
5078:
5074:
5065:
5061:
5055:Wayback Machine
5046:
5039:
5031:
5027:
5023:, The Guardian.
5021:Wayback Machine
5012:
5008:
5003:Wayback Machine
4950:
4949:
4945:
4940:Wayback Machine
4931:
4927:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4879:Wayback Machine
4867:
4863:
4850:
4843:
4834:
4827:
4818:
4814:
4808:Worlds of Music
4805:
4796:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4738:
4731:
4722:
4715:
4709:Worlds of Music
4698:
4694:
4685:Wayback Machine
4676:
4672:
4663:
4659:
4649:
4647:
4638:
4620:
4616:
4607:
4603:
4590:
4577:
4568:
4564:
4555:
4551:
4542:
4538:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4470:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4442:Wayback Machine
4433:
4429:
4424:Wayback Machine
4415:
4411:
4406:Wayback Machine
4397:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4379:Wayback Machine
4370:
4366:
4333:
4329:
4323:Wayback Machine
4311:
4307:
4292:
4288:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4261:
4257:
4252:Wayback Machine
4243:
4239:
4224:
4220:
4205:
4201:
4186:
4182:
4167:
4163:
4152:
4148:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4115:dance = vimbuza
4082:
4057:. Akan dances:
3973:
3968:
3794:Related to the
3736:Seprewa –
3652:Brekete –
3639:
3371:Nguni languages
3335:
3326:Kalahari Desert
3299:Southern Africa
3267:
3210:Central America
3185:
3178:
3176:Southern Africa
3074:
2951:Chopi languages
2937:. Instruments:
2854:of the coastal
2835:, on which the
2831:or the Shirima
2783:Swahili culture
2703:music of Rwanda
2606:(also known as
2511:Ngbaka-speaking
2504:
2495:chamonge guitar
2381:, into western
2358:
2284:Swahili culture
2248:
2232:Bantu languages
2192:
2059:
2042:
1963:, they use the
1934:Central Sudanic
1867:Sayfawa dynasty
1857:and north-east
1835:
1818:
1667:jongo, len yoro
1601:
1595:Yoruba language
1519:, is primarily
1487:
1408:introduced the
1357:
1335:in present-day
1275:Gurunsi peoples
1178:Ali Farka Toure
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1014:Mande languages
885:
816:
736:Senufo speakers
671:
655:popular culture
627:Bantu expansion
583:
567:Biblical Hebrew
475:Nilotic peoples
432:
430:Sahel and Sudan
332:music of Uganda
174:Alan P. Merriam
163:
101:
95:
92:
86:
74:
68:
64:
62:transliteration
58:
54:
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5859:
5857:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5799:
5779:
5762:
5753:
5747:
5732:
5726:
5711:
5705:
5685:
5679:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5644:Popular Musics
5631:
5618:
5605:
5592:
5583:
5581:Turino, p. 183
5571:
5569:Karolyi, p. 45
5562:
5549:
5545:Popular Musics
5536:
5514:
5512:Karolyi, p. 24
5505:
5492:
5484:Popular Musics
5475:
5448:
5431:
5401:
5383:
5357:
5353:Popular Musics
5344:
5326:
5305:
5298:
5278:
5262:
5243:
5231:, pp. 67–105;
5216:
5198:
5182:
5178:Popular Musics
5169:
5151:
5131:
5113:
5100:
5072:
5059:
5037:
5025:
5006:
4943:
4925:
4903:
4900:on 2009-08-29.
4883:
4861:
4853:Popular Musics
4841:
4825:
4812:
4794:
4776:
4763:
4754:
4745:
4729:
4713:
4701:Popular Musics
4692:
4670:
4657:
4614:
4601:
4575:
4562:
4549:
4536:
4514:
4512:Haskins, p. 46
4505:
4499:
4483:Lange (2004),
4475:
4468:
4445:
4427:
4409:
4391:
4382:
4364:
4327:
4305:
4293:Zimbabwe Dance
4286:
4268:
4255:
4237:
4218:
4199:
4180:
4161:
4146:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4097:dance = tchopa
4092:
4081:
4078:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:African dances
3964:
3963:
3962:
3954:
3948:
3938:
3931:
3918:
3909:
3900:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3855:
3846:
3821:
3812:
3799:
3786:Gungon –
3784:
3775:
3770:
3761:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3692:Kaganu –
3690:
3677:
3668:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3624:
3565:
3491:
3468:Southern Sotho
3464:Northern Sotho
3453:
3333:
3332:
3281:(also spelled
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3189:
3188:
3184:Lists of folk
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3098:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3062:
3040:
3021:
2962:
2961:dance = mganda
2848:
2839:, the initial
2809:
2780:
2699:
2666:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2481:live near the
2475:
2464:Turkana people
2441:
2367:Southern Sudan
2357:
2354:
2336:is popular in
2268:the Seychelles
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2228:Bemba language
2224:Congo-Kinshasa
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2055:Main article:
2050:Cavalli-Sforza
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
1987:
1968:
1930:
1891:Ouaddai Empire
1834:
1831:
1817:
1816:Central Africa
1814:
1741:
1740:
1693:
1678:
1655:
1645:
1599:
1598:
1564:
1553:
1485:
1484:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1333:Mossi Kingdoms
1325:
1318:Dagaaba people
1302:
1221:
1220:
1181:
1171:
1130:Balanta people
1088:
1087:
1082:. The related
1070:, the largest
1061:
991:
946:
935:Nigerian music
927:Hausa Kingdoms
880:Songhai Empire
876:Songhai people
852:Sundiata Keita
815:
812:
692:Mande speakers
670:
667:
582:
579:
557:, who speak a
544:
543:
530:
515:Bahr el Ghazal
479:southern Sudan
467:Atlantic Ocean
445:
444:
437:music of Sudan
431:
428:
427:
426:
391:
368:the Seychelles
320:
295:
208:
198:Horn of Africa
162:
159:
127:African dances
103:
102:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5858:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5790:
5782:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5712:
5708:
5702:
5697:
5696:
5690:
5689:Karolyi, Otto
5686:
5682:
5676:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5635:
5632:
5629:, pp. 488–498
5628:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5606:
5603:, pp. 585–587
5602:
5596:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5566:
5563:
5560:, pp. 706–716
5559:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5540:
5537:
5534:, pp. 638–657
5533:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5473:, pp. 533–538
5472:
5468:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5432:
5420:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5395:
5392:
5387:
5384:
5372:
5368:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:Health – Data
5330:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5301:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5282:
5279:
5276:, pp. 608–612
5275:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5214:, pp. 509–522
5213:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5196:, pp. 698–701
5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5167:, pp. 505–508
5166:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5149:, pp. 681–689
5148:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5129:, pp. 702–705
5128:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5088:György Ligeti
5085:
5081:
5076:
5073:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5029:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4929:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4862:
4859:, pp. 448–457
4858:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4839:, pp. 613–616
4838:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4823:, pp. 477–479
4822:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4792:, pp. 440–447
4791:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4774:, pp. 588–600
4773:
4767:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4727:, pp. 432–436
4726:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4668:, pp. 437–439
4667:
4661:
4658:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4612:, pp. 488–498
4611:
4605:
4602:
4599:, pp. 472–476
4598:
4594:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4573:, pp. 499–504
4572:
4566:
4563:
4560:, pp. 617–633
4559:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4479:
4476:
4471:
4469:9780226456911
4465:
4461:
4460:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4395:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:0-86543-492-1
4298:
4290:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4277:"Topic Three"
4272:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4234:0-465-00071-1
4231:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4207:African Dance
4203:
4200:
4197:
4196:0-252-02211-4
4193:
4189:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4169:African Dance
4165:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3947:– also ngoma.
3946:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3923:Instruments:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:Lunna/Kalangu
3847:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3828:Varieties of
3825:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3658:order of the
3657:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3569:Ovambo people
3566:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:bira ceremony
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:bira ceremony
3432:
3428:
3424:
3423:Mike Oldfield
3420:
3419:Miriam Makeba
3416:
3412:
3409:Instruments:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3295:ethnic groups
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3235:South America
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:North America
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:Bajuni people
3076:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:Kiveve, Kinze
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2927:choreographer
2924:
2920:
2916:
2915:countrapuntal
2912:
2911:tone language
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:mangolongondo
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2614:or Luyia), a
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:kwaZulu-Natal
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2276:Iranian music
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:Provinces of
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:. As partial
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2064:Pygmy peoples
2061:
2060:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2023:resonators),
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1830:
1822:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1416:who play the
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:Côte d'Ivoire
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1112:Guinea-Bissau
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
998:music of Mali
995:
992:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:ethnic groups
900:
896:
895:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
825:
820:
813:
811:
809:
805:
804:
798:
797:of the east.
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:Gbe languages
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
740:Côte d'Ivoire
737:
733:
729:
728:Côte d'Ivoire
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
684:
675:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
604:
600:
599:vocal harmony
596:
587:
580:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
541:
537:
536:
531:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:prominent in
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:
450:
441:
438:
434:
433:
429:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:includes the
400:
396:
392:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:includes the
329:
325:
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:music of Chad
303:includes the
302:
299:
296:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:Côte d'Ivoire
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:Guinea-Bissau
229:
225:
221:
218:includes the
217:
214:
213:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
191:
188:Music of the
187:
186:
185:
183:
179:
175:
167:
160:
158:
156:
150:
147:
139:
135:
133:
128:
124:
122:
114:
109:
99:
89:
84:
80:
73:
63:
53:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
5815:. Retrieved
5811:the original
5806:
5770:
5757:
5737:
5716:
5694:
5670:
5643:
5639:
5634:
5626:
5621:
5613:
5608:
5600:
5595:
5586:
5565:
5557:
5552:
5544:
5539:
5531:
5508:
5500:
5495:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5470:
5467:Lwanda, John
5446:, pp. 67–105
5443:
5439:
5434:
5423:. Retrieved
5409:
5404:
5386:
5375:. Retrieved
5360:
5352:
5347:
5329:
5288:
5281:
5273:
5257:
5254:Lwanda, John
5228:
5224:
5219:
5211:
5193:
5177:
5172:
5164:
5146:
5126:
5108:
5103:
5079:
5075:
5067:
5062:
5028:
5009:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4928:
4920:the original
4915:
4906:
4898:the original
4892:
4886:
4870:
4864:
4856:
4852:
4836:
4820:
4815:
4810:, pp. 67–105
4807:
4789:
4771:
4766:
4757:
4748:
4740:
4724:
4711:, pp. 67–105
4708:
4704:
4700:
4695:
4673:
4665:
4660:
4648:. Retrieved
4634:
4630:
4622:
4617:
4609:
4604:
4596:
4593:Brooke Wentz
4570:
4565:
4557:
4552:
4544:
4539:
4525:
4517:
4508:
4485:
4478:
4458:
4430:
4412:
4394:
4385:
4367:
4335:
4330:
4314:
4308:
4294:
4289:
4281:the original
4271:
4263:
4258:
4240:
4225:
4221:
4206:
4202:
4187:
4183:
4168:
4164:
4155:
4149:
4141:
4136:
4086:Chewa people
4066:Nzema people
3983:masked dance
3974:
3914:Instrument:
3903:Yombe people
3894:Lemba people
3861:
3852:
3827:
3818:
3805:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3767:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3683:
3674:
3653:
3616:
3612:
3609:Himba people
3584:
3575:in northern
3530:Shona proper
3402:isicathamiya
3400:
3394:
3352:South Africa
3345:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3117:maloya music
3051:missionaries
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2966:Kamba people
2882:
2869:
2863:
2852:Chopi people
2844:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:drumming of
2812:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2737:Sacred drums
2730:
2717:people. The
2711:Tutsi/Watusi
2695:
2687:
2683:
2669:
2660:polyrhythmic
2616:Bantu people
2611:
2607:
2604:Luhya people
2588:Tutsi/Watusi
2584:South Africa
2556:Ngoni people
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2459:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2410:
2377:and eastern
2325:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2249:
2222:in southern
2196:Bemba people
2132:
2003:are used in
1999:
1995:
1972:Zande people
1953:ethnic group
1909:and also in
1871:Bornu Empire
1847:Kanem Empire
1839:Zande people
1836:
1827:
1809:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1685:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1575:talking drum
1567:Yoruba music
1555:The related
1549:
1543:
1539:
1529:Ewe drumming
1527:complexity.
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:, mainline,
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:African harp
1445:
1441:
1421:
1417:
1414:Nzema people
1409:
1400:styles, the
1397:
1372:include the
1344:
1337:Burkina Faso
1329:Mossi people
1321:
1298:
1277:such as the
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1228:
1193:Burkina Faso
1137:
1133:
1119:
1095:
1084:Serer people
1072:ethnic group
1068:Wolof people
1009:
1005:
987:
983:
979:
973:
969:
899:Hausa people
848:Koumbi Saleh
844:Sosso people
838:and western
832:Ghana Empire
829:
801:
799:
765:, spoken in
748:
716:Burkina Faso
688:Wolof people
680:
624:
592:
571:Berber music
555:Hausa people
545:
540:Nuba peoples
533:
532:The Arabian
452:
446:
443:Niger–Congo.
439:
398:
394:
388:Indian Ocean
384:Austronesian
327:
323:
300:
297:
252:Burkina Faso
236:Sierra Leone
215:
210:
200:
193:
189:
177:
172:
151:
144:
125:
118:
93:
79:ISO 639 code
75:}}
69:{{
65:}}
59:{{
55:}}
49:{{
44:
5092:Steve Reich
4119:Kaondedance
4063:The Ashanti
3925:ngoma drums
3874:languages).
3858:Musical bow
3686:Bono people
3637:Instruments
3514:ngoma drums
3494:Shona music
3456:Sotho music
3415:Xhosa music
3031:called the
2715:Hutu/Bahutu
2694:, a harp),
2656:Mount Kenya
2592:Hutu/Bahutu
2576:Zulu people
2452:vocal music
2407:Benga music
2379:Congo (DRC)
2363:Luo peoples
2342:contredanse
2306:drums. The
2280:Shirazi Era
2246:East Africa
2216:Congo basin
2145:Pygmy music
2141:Great Lakes
2129:Congo basin
2057:Pygmy music
2005:coronations
1949:Sara people
1905:around the
1772:as well as
1717:Fang people
1697:Beti-Pahuin
1650:originated
1536:dance music
1523:with great
1463:as well as
1370:Akan people
1299:sambanlunga
1064:Wolof music
994:Mande music
950:Fula people
929:before the
923:Hausa music
864:Niger River
860:Mali Empire
822:The Malian
751:Niger-Congo
669:West Africa
612:Pygmy music
561:related to
548:Senegambian
5830:Categories
5663:References
5425:2011-11-01
5377:2011-05-28
4699:; Manuel,
4650:2013-01-14
4635:Drum Damba
4625:, (1975),
4215:0791076415
4177:0791076415
3980:Dan people
3725:Prempensua
3680:Fontomfrom
3583:province.
3573:Ovamboland
3556:, Gwamba,
3387:Zulu music
3364:Mozambique
3328:. Styles=
3165:Famadihana
3101:Madagascar
3055:percussion
3037:ground bow
2970:percussion
2872:) and the
2827:, the Yao
2807:taishokoto
2753:Ibishikiso
2727:coronation
2723:ceremonies
2663:percussion
2564:Mozambique
2554:, and the
2518:resonators
2449:polyphonic
2434:sigalagala
2278:since the
2252:Madagascar
2208:Copperbelt
1879:Ngazargamu
1775:cavaquinho
1753:the bowed
1703:; Dance =
1614:Igbo music
1557:Aja people
1521:percussive
1505:Ewe people
1430:Yacub Addy
1128:while the
1108:The Gambia
931:Fulani War
872:Gao Empire
836:Mauritania
808:xylophones
753:speakers;
704:Mauritania
595:cross-beat
527:Upper Nile
364:Madagascar
356:Mozambique
288:Cape Verde
224:the Gambia
115:, Tanzania
5789:cite book
5646:, p. 95;
5180:, pg. 101
4994:Also see
4354:). p. 1.
4055:war dance
3985:. Yoruba
3755:xylophone
3643:Aburukuwa
3488:Kgalagadi
3470:(Sotho),
3462:: Birwa,
3205:Caribbean
3125:maravanne
3109:Rodrigues
3095:work song
3048:Christian
3044:Mijikenda
2919:improvise
2903:performer
2899:conductor
2860:xylophone
2785:: Styles
2745:Inkiranya
2735:(kings).
2487:Ethiopian
2483:Ethiopian
2312:mandoliny
2260:Mauritius
2135:) of the
1993:known as
1843:Lake Chad
1745:accordion
1684:style is
1545:borborbor
1532:ensembles
1501:Ewe music
1469:osibisaba
1341:djambadon
1251:called a
1008:, French
653:forms of
603:expansion
376:Mauritius
178:(see map)
96:June 2020
5817:April 3,
5691:(1998).
5651:Archived
5547:, p. 107
5543:Manuel,
5482:Manuel,
5419:Archived
5394:Archived
5371:Archived
5355:, p. 101
5351:Manuel,
5337:Archived
5319:Archived
5236:Archived
5176:Manuel,
5111:, p. 142
5051:Archived
5017:Archived
4999:Archived
4991:19407144
4936:Archived
4881:, 31–38.
4875:Archived
4851:Manuel,
4681:Archived
4644:Archived
4438:Archived
4420:Archived
4402:Archived
4375:Archived
4319:Archived
4248:Archived
4121:kachacha
4080:Southern
4072: –
4049:Dances:
4041: –
4037: –
4035:coladera
4033: –
4025: –
4017: –
4009: –
4005: –
4001: –
3935:ndzendze
3927: –
3912:Shangaan
3884:Whistles
3860: –
3851: –
3830:Sahelian
3826: –
3817: –
3804: –
3780: –
3766: –
3764:Calabash
3745: –
3727: –
3720:Kpanlogo
3710: –
3701: –
3682: –
3673: –
3613:oviritje
3601:Botswana
3589:bassline
3532:, Dema,
3524: –
3512: –
3508: –
3504: –
3500: –
3484:Tswapong
3466:(Pedi),
3407:maskanda
3391:Mbaqanga
3373:include
3360:Botswana
3356:Zimbabwe
3314:pastoral
3312:and the
3307:foraging
3291:Khoe-San
3283:Khoesaan
3169:hiragasy
3167:ritual,
3159: –
3155: –
3153:marovany
3151: –
3147: –
3139: –
3131: –
3127: –
3123: –
3035:and the
2976:and the
2953:include
2945: –
2941: –
2933:styles:
2895:composer
2845:wakulela
2837:opachera
2833:mangwilo
2805: –
2795:chakacha
2789: –
2777:ikinimba
2767: –
2749:Amashako
2741:karyenda
2739:(called
2684:engelabi
2680:ostinato
2676:akadinda
2650:and the
2632:Abaluhya
2628:Tanzania
2612:Abaluhya
2608:Avaluhya
2568:Tanzania
2515:calabash
2387:Tanzania
2371:Ethiopia
2330:Zanzibar
2200:Northern
2171: –
2157:liquindi
2151: –
2149:hindewhu
2113:Botswana
2093:Cameroon
2021:calabash
1797:coladera
1787:ferrinho
1765:and the
1735: –
1731: –
1715:include
1711: –
1686:mangambe
1682:Bamileke
1675:yong wui
1634:egwu ota
1618:Highlife
1616:informs
1591:tonality
1550:konkomba
1534:produce
1525:metrical
1465:konkomba
1434:Obo Addy
1426:kpanlogo
1418:edengole
1331:, whose
1243:use the
1167:♯
1161:♯
1155:♯
1149:♯
1143:♯
1138:kussundé
1121:akonting
1096:akonting
1018:Mandinka
1016:include
814:Northern
793:and the
620:Kalahari
559:language
523:Kordufan
469:and the
457:forms a
415:Botswana
411:Eswatini
395:Southern
360:Zimbabwe
348:Tanzania
276:Cameroon
190:northern
113:Morogoro
5107:Nettl,
4982:2947357
4961:Bibcode
4953:Science
4868:Lange,
4491:509–516
4113:Tumbuka
4074:fanfare
4068:dance:
4031:batuque
3997:dance:
3995:Dagomba
3976:Gerewol
3960:panpipe
3929:panpipe
3907:panpipe
3879:Shekere
3872:Dagomba
3864:Gurunsi
3838:Zabarma
3808:Balafon
3790:brekete
3733:Totodzi
3716:Kloboto
3666:people.
3617:konsert
3597:Namibia
3581:Angolan
3577:Namibia
3538:Manyika
3534:Kalanga
3520:Other:
3518:panpipe
3502:kalimba
3433:Other:
3287:Khoesan
3279:Khoisan
3275:Bushmen
3149:lokanga
3133:tambour
3129:ravanne
3087:Mombasa
3033:obokano
2947:timbila
2939:kalimba
2935:timbala
2870:timbila
2862:called
2825:dimbila
2791:kinanda
2773:umuduri
2761:shields
2707:Burundi
2696:entenga
2688:ennanga
2671:Baganda
2635:litungo
2548:Baganda
2524:Drums (
2520:, 1907.
2472:Samburu
2438:nyatiti
2430:pakruok
2412:nyatiti
2391:Shilluk
2346:mazurka
2272:Arabian
2256:Réunion
2204:Luapula
2173:whistle
2169:trumpet
2117:Namibia
2077:Burundi
2069:Bushmen
2025:maracas
1965:balafon
1945:pestles
1875:Kanembu
1863:Zaghawa
1859:Nigeria
1853:, east
1810:tabanca
1793:batuque
1729:cowbell
1705:bikutsi
1701:bikutsi
1630:kim-kim
1587:oniyalu
1540:agbadza
1446:seprewa
1424:and Ga
1422:atumpan
1390:Ashanti
1306:Gurunsi
1287:Busanga
1241:Dagomba
1229:balafon
1213:funeral
1197:Katiola
1174:Songhai
1134:kusunde
1104:Senegal
1076:Senegal
1026:Bambara
1022:Soninke
1004:(sing.
954:Tukulor
907:Nigeria
791:Nigeria
779:Nigeria
700:Senegal
657:(e.g.,
651:Western
633:(e.g.,
618:of the
616:bushmen
605:of the
573:of the
519:Jonglei
471:Red Sea
419:Namibia
407:Lesotho
397:region
380:Comoros
372:Réunion
344:Burundi
326:region
324:Eastern
272:Nigeria
240:Liberia
161:Regions
132:entrain
88:See why
5777:
5745:
5724:
5703:
5677:
5296:
4989:
4979:
4522:Guinea
4497:
4466:
4358:
4299:
4232:
4213:
4194:
4175:
4107:Nyanja
4101:Luvale
4070:abissa
4047:Kasena
4039:funaná
4019:geena.
3987:gelede
3957:Busoga
3953:okeme.
3945:msondo
3941:Zaramo
3916:guitar
3824:Koloko
3773:Flutes
3671:Axatse
3631:harepa
3621:Damara
3605:Angola
3593:Herero
3591:. The
3585:Shambo
3558:Tsonga
3506:matepe
3480:Tswana
3446:Phuthi
3431:guitar
3427:Amarok
3411:guitar
3330:hocket
3215:Europe
3161:valiha
3157:sodina
3145:kabosy
3141:salegy
3137:basese
3121:kayamb
3091:Kilifi
3059:Taarab
2998:Ngutha
2994:Mbalya
2986:Kilumi
2907:melody
2901:, and
2887:tempos
2879:dances
2841:caller
2821:ngwayi
2813:ng'oma
2769:inanga
2765:ikembe
2757:spears
2747:, the
2692:inanga
2665:music.
2643:Kikuyu
2624:Uganda
2600:sukuti
2572:Zambia
2560:Malawi
2552:Uganda
2546:, the
2544:Akamba
2536:ingoma
2532:ng'oma
2491:Somali
2479:Borana
2421:adungu
2417:Acholi
2395:Acholi
2375:Uganda
2340:, the
2334:guitar
2326:Taarab
2321:qanbūs
2316:gabusi
2308:kabosy
2289:dumbek
2240:kalela
2212:Zambia
2153:hocket
2121:Zambia
2119:, and
2109:Angola
2103:, the
2087:, the
2083:, the
2081:Uganda
2073:Rwanda
2027:. The
2000:kakaki
1947:. The
1941:zither
1927:keleli
1923:Muslim
1899:Toubou
1869:. The
1851:Fezzan
1845:: the
1801:funaná
1781:cimboa
1763:guitar
1760:violão
1758:, the
1755:rabeca
1737:rattle
1713:rattle
1663:hocket
1661:use a
1659:Kasena
1652:assiko
1579:dundun
1481:torowa
1456:ashiko
1442:asonko
1436:, and
1404:whose
1402:Baoulé
1374:Akwamu
1347:brosca
1312:, the
1308:, the
1283:Djerma
1279:Frafra
1253:gungon
1249:snares
1235:Among
1219:music.
1205:Nafana
1066:: the
1038:Kagoro
1034:Dioula
996:: the
958:Guinea
943:fiddle
919:Chadic
868:vassal
850:until
842:. The
783:Yoruba
781:, the
777:, and
761:, the
730:, the
706:, the
690:, the
575:Tuareg
495:Maasai
473:. The
423:Angola
352:Malawi
340:Rwanda
317:Zambia
228:Guinea
155:Ramogi
146:Yoruba
4129:Notes
4095:Lomwe
4059:adowa
4051:jongo
4043:morna
4027:ússua
4023:puíta
4011:simpa
4003:damba
3999:takai
3991:dimba
3951:Lango
3921:Venda
3898:mbira
3889:Horns
3868:Mossi
3842:Hausa
3815:Mbira
3796:Dunun
3656:vodun
3648:Atoke
3562:Venda
3550:Ronga
3510:mbira
3498:hosho
3460:Sotho
3442:Swati
3396:mbube
3375:Xhosa
3303:Bantu
3025:Gusii
3018:Mwilu
3014:Mwali
3010:mwase
2990:Mbeni
2974:Tutsi
2959:Tonga
2955:Tonga
2943:mbila
2931:Chopi
2923:idiom
2883:ngomi
2874:style
2868:(pl:
2865:mbila
2787:gungu
2732:mwami
2620:Kenya
2596:Bantu
2540:ngoma
2527:ngoma
2460:namba
2403:Joluo
2399:Lango
2383:Kenya
2350:polka
2338:Kenya
2304:tabla
2299:qanun
2264:Comor
2236:Chewa
2183:Bashi
2177:elima
2165:flute
2161:yelli
2101:Gabon
2033:kinde
2029:griot
2019:with
2013:hu hu
2009:Sudan
1980:Sudan
1919:Sudan
1915:Niger
1911:Libya
1855:Niger
1805:morna
1767:viola
1749:gaita
1733:flute
1725:ússua
1709:njang
1642:ogene
1583:ogido
1517:Benin
1509:Ghana
1473:sikyi
1461:gombe
1410:gbébé
1394:Adowa
1386:Fante
1382:Akyem
1345:also
1295:bards
1291:Ligbi
1270:xalam
1257:gonje
1245:lunga
1209:Ghana
1126:banjo
1058:Ligbi
1046:Mende
1030:Bissa
1010:griot
1002:jeliw
988:gawlo
984:riiti
975:xalam
970:hoddu
962:Sudan
915:Sudan
911:Niger
803:griot
775:Benin
767:Ghana
720:Ghana
663:music
659:dance
635:dance
535:rebab
511:Dinka
487:Dinka
454:Sahel
336:Kenya
280:Gabon
268:Benin
260:Ghana
248:Niger
226:, of
5819:2006
5795:link
5775:ISBN
5743:ISBN
5722:ISBN
5701:ISBN
5675:ISBN
5294:ISBN
5090:and
4987:PMID
4495:ISBN
4464:ISBN
4356:ISBN
4297:ISBN
4230:ISBN
4211:ISBN
4192:ISBN
4173:ISBN
4090:nyau
4015:tora
4007:jera
3971:West
3802:Gyil
3752:Lobi
3743:Sogo
3699:Kidi
3662:and
3660:Anlo
3627:Pedi
3603:and
3567:The
3554:Tswa
3542:Ndau
3472:Lozi
3399:and
3381:and
3379:Zulu
3358:and
3346:The
3317:Khoi
3200:Asia
3113:sega
3103:and
3089:and
3083:Lamu
3077:The
3042:The
3029:lute
3023:The
3002:Kyaa
2978:Embu
2964:The
2891:poet
2850:The
2817:Gogo
2811:The
2803:rika
2799:vugo
2759:and
2713:and
2705:and
2701:The
2690:or (
2668:The
2652:Meru
2648:Embu
2641:The
2626:and
2590:and
2570:and
2477:The
2468:kudu
2443:The
2425:dudu
2401:and
2385:and
2369:and
2361:The
2348:and
2296:and
2274:and
2266:and
2206:and
2133:etc.
2062:The
1996:waza
1991:horn
1970:The
1932:The
1917:and
1903:Chad
1897:The
1808:and
1784:and
1695:The
1690:gong
1673:and
1657:The
1622:Waka
1620:and
1548:, a
1542:and
1515:and
1513:Togo
1479:and
1471:and
1459:and
1398:kete
1396:and
1378:Bono
1368:The
1327:The
1322:gyil
1314:Wala
1310:Lobi
1304:The
1289:and
1265:molo
1261:goje
1217:poro
1215:and
1189:Mali
1183:The
1116:Jola
1114:the
1110:and
1056:and
1050:Susu
1042:Bozo
1006:jeli
980:riti
939:goje
897:The
840:Mali
824:kora
787:Igbo
785:and
771:Togo
759:Akan
744:Mali
742:and
732:Fula
726:and
724:Togo
712:Mali
702:and
696:Mali
681:The
597:and
565:and
551:Fula
546:The
525:and
509:The
493:and
491:Nuer
449:Nile
435:The
421:and
393:The
378:and
358:and
322:The
315:and
282:and
264:Togo
250:and
244:Mali
238:and
230:and
222:and
52:lang
5084:Aka
4977:PMC
4969:doi
4957:324
3834:Gur
3664:Ewe
3425:'s
3310:San
3297:of
3289:or
2996:or
2729:of
2618:of
2582:in
2578:of
2558:of
2550:of
2534:or
2293:oud
1998:or
1751:),
1638:obo
1626:udu
1593:of
1561:Fon
1507:of
1237:Gur
1199:in
1195:to
1136:or
1102:In
1074:in
1054:Vai
982:or
952:or
905:in
755:Kwa
738:of
708:Gur
694:of
665:).
629:),
483:Luo
72:IPA
5832::
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5791:}}
5787:{{
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