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Objects borrowed from the most sordid of contexts found a place in punks' ensembles; lavatory chains were draped in graceful arcs across chests in plastic bin liners. Safety pins were taken out of their domestic 'utility' context and worn as gruesome ornaments through the cheek, ear or lip ... fragments of school uniform (white bri-nylon shirts, school ties) were symbolically defiled (the shirts covered in graffiti, or fake blood; the ties left undone) and juxtaposed against leather drains or shocking pink mohair tops.
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1442: – may represent mainstream taste within a short period.Even religious groups can be seen as subcultures. In his research on British punk rock in the late 1970s, Hebdige proposed a controversial proposition at the time: punk portrayed the entire history of post-war working-class youth culture in a "cut" form, blending elements that originally belonged to completely different eras. Some subcultures reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an
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1532:, the notion of consumer tribes indicate ephemeral groups of individuals that often share a common interest and a share a subculture. Unlike traditional tribes that share kinship and language, consumer tribes are elective and ephemeral because they disperse without necessarily building long-term relationships. Consumer tribes often fluctuate around a common hobby or interest but lack permanent social bonds to become a
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1052:, described "subcultural capital" as the cultural knowledge and commodities acquired by members of a subculture, raising their status and helping differentiate themselves from members of other groups. In 2007, Ken Gelder proposed to distinguish subcultures from countercultures based on the level of immersion in society. Gelder further proposed six key ways in which subcultures can be identified through their:
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1775:-based harassment and violence are sometimes directed towards a person or group based on their culture or subculture. In the United States and the United Kingdom, the concept of subculture has always been the main explanatory tool for sociological and criminological understanding of deviant behavior.In 2013, the
1342:, and other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also of the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. Dick Hebdige writes that members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes
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The most recent interpretations see subcultures as forms of distinction. In an attempt to overcome the idea of subcultures as forms of deviance or resistance, they describe subcultures as collectivities which, on a cultural level, are sufficiently homogeneous internally and heterogeneous with respect
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Subcultures can exist at all levels of organizations, highlighting the fact that there are multiple cultures or value combinations usually evident in any one organization that can complement but also compete with the overall organisational culture. In some instances, subcultures have been legislated
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Like
Duchamp's 'ready mades' - manufactured objects which qualified as art because he chose to call them such, the most unremarkable and inappropriate items - a pin, a plastic clothes peg, a television component, a razor blade, a tampon - could be brought within the province of punk (un)fashion ...
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that differentiates itself from the conservative and standard values to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters. Subcultures are part of society while keeping their specific
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are quickly becoming the most used form of communication and means to distribute information and news. They offer a way for people with similar backgrounds, lifestyles, professions or hobbies to connect. According to a co-founder and executive creative strategist for RE-UP, as technology becomes a
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explains, society defines them as outsiders. As Cohen clarifies, every subculture's style, consisting of image, demeanour and language becomes its recognition trait. And an individual's progressive adoption of a subcultural model will furnish him/her with growing status within this context but it
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suggested, by means of selection and segregation processes, there thus appear in society "natural areas" or "moral regions" where deviant models concentrate and are re-inforced; they do not accept objectives or means of action offered by the mainstream culture, proposing different ones in their
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to normalcy. He wrote that subcultures can be perceived as negative due to their nature of criticism to the dominant societal standard. Hebdige argued that subculture brings together like-minded individuals who feel neglected by societal standards and allow them to develop a sense of identity.
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and David
Muggleton emphasize. The very idea of a unique, internally homogeneous, dominant culture is explicitly criticized. Thus forms of individual involvement in subcultures are fluid and gradual, differentiated according to each actor's investment, outside clear dichotomies. The ideas of
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defines subculture, in regards to sociological and cultural anthropology, as "an identifiable subgroup within a society or group of people, esp. one characterized by beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger group; the distinctive ideas, practices, or way of life of such a
1501:(1988). In 1996, this book was published in English. According to Maffesoli, neo tribes are microgroups of people who share common interests in urban areas. The members of these relatively small groups tend to have similar worldviews, dress styles and behavioral patterns. Their
1210:, each with its own class culture, and middle-class culture being dominant. Particularly in the working class, subcultures grow out of the presence of specific interests and affiliations around which cultural models spring up, in conflict with both their parents' culture and
1218:, expressing what Cohen defined "symbolic resistance" against the mainstream culture and developing imaginary solutions for structural problems.However, the Birmingham School believes that the symbolic rejection of mainstream bourgeois lifestyles by subcultures is illusory.
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It may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes. Businesses often seek to capitalize on the subversive allure of subcultures in search of
1287:) and of style surfing (Martina Böse) replace that of the subculture's insiders and outsiders – with the perspective of subcultures supplying resources for the construction of new identities going beyond strong, lasting identifications.
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will often, in tandem, deprive him/her of status in the broader social context outside where a different model prevails. Cohen used the term 'Corner Boys' which were unable to compete with their better secured and prepared peers. These
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as taste cultures, subcultures are endowed with elastic, porous borders, and are inserted into relationships of interaction and mingling, rather than independence and conflict, with the cultural industry and mass media, as
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movement can be considered a subculture broadly encompassing those that reject normativity in sexual behavior, and who celebrate visibility and activism. The wider movement coincided with growing academic interests in
1214:. Subcultural groups emphasize voluntary, informal, and organic subordinate relationships formed in unregulated street public spaces.Facing a weakening of class identity, subcultures are then new forms of
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argued that their 1979 research showed that a subculture is a group that serves to motivate a potential member to adopt the artifacts, behaviors, norms, and values characteristic of the group.
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subgroup."Some subcultures are formed by members with characteristics or preferences that differ from the majority of society, who generally have a preference for body modifications such as
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In a 2011 study, Brady
Robards and Andy Bennett said that online identity expression has been interpreted as exhibiting subcultural qualities. However, they argue it is more in line with
1244:, in order to communicate and express one's own conflict. Yet the culture industry is often capable of re-absorbing the components of such a style and once again transforming them into
1604:, particularly in the urban areas of Europe, North and South America, Australia, and white South Africa. A more permissive social environment in these areas led to a proliferation of
3683:/ И. А. Беляев, Н. А. Беляева // Духовность и государственность. Сборник научных статей. Выпуск 3; под ред. И. А. Беляева. — Оренбург: Филиал УрАГС в г. Оренбурге, 2002. — С. 5–18.
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as hate crimes, in the same way they record abuse against people because of their religion, race, disability, sexual orientation or transgender identity. The decision followed the
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is concerned, there seems to be a growing interest among media producers to use subcultures for branding. This is seen most actively on social network sites with
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Unlike mainstream social relationships, subcultural communities are characterized by transience, informality, and a lack of typical social kinship relationships.
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Music-based subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process; what may be considered subcultures at one stage in their histories – such as
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during these activities. They avoid sharing this information even if they have female sexual partner(s), they are married to a woman, or they are single.
1612:. As with other subcultures, sexual subcultures adopted certain styles of fashion and gestures to distinguish themselves from mainstream Western culture.
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to the outside world to be capable of developing, as Paul
Hodkinson points out, consistent distinctiveness, identity, commitment and autonomy. Defined by
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underline, identity and resistance in subcultures are expressed through the development of a distinctive style which, by a re-signification and "
1206:), subcultures are interpreted as forms of resistance. Society is seen as being divided into two fundamental classes, the working class and the
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negative or ambivalent relation to class (since subcultures are not 'class-conscious' and do not conform to traditional class definitions);
1735:"life force," subcultures become the main bone of contention for brands as networks rise through cultural mash-ups and phenomenons. Where
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Subcultures, however, are not only the result of alternative action strategies but also of labelling processes on the basis of which, as
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may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society.
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provided styles and meanings, and a 'subculture' which actively sought a minority style ... and interpreted it in accordance with
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Francois, L. (2013, May 25). Subcultures: Big
Opportunity for Social Brands to Generate Value. Retrieved November 24, 2014, from
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Robards, Brady; Bennett, Andy (1 April 2011). "MyTribe: Post-subcultural
Manifestations of Belonging on Social Network Sites".
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Contemporary subcultures typically refer to popular culture, including animation, comics, video games, and popular music.
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Huntington, S. (2014, March 24). Subcultures and Social Media: Mass
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Bond, Lisa; Wheeler, Darrell P.; Millett, Gregorio A.; LaPollo, Archana B.; Carson, Lee F.; Liau, Adrian (April 2009).
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Berzano, L., Genova, C. (2015). Lifestyles and
Subcultures. History and a New Perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
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Berzano L., Genova C., Lifestyles and
Subcultures. History and a New Perspective, Routledge, London, 2015 (part II)
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identities or roles among some lesbians also engender their own subculture with stereotypical attire, for instance
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had been described as a moral problem that ought to be handled by the guardians of the dominant culture within the
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Hall, Stuart, Tony
Jefferson, Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain (Routledge, 1993).
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Subcultures can be and have been successfully targeted by firms commercially. A stream of academic research in
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can no longer be considered a subculture in many parts of the world, although some aspects of gay culture like
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down low n. (US Black) a state of secrecy. down low adj. () covert, secret (i.e. keeping a low profile)
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Aspects of sexual subcultures can vary along other cultural lines. For instance, in the United States,
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Fine, Gary Alan; Kleinman, Sherryl (July 1979). "Rethinking Subculture: An Interactionist Analysis".
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movement out of the home and into non-domestic forms of belonging (i.e. social groups other than the
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shows the multiple ways in which companies and firms target subcultures with commercial offerings.
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Blair, M. Elizabeth (December 1993). "Commercialization of the Rap Music Youth Subculture".
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association with territory (the 'street', the 'hood', the club, etc.), rather than property;
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1996:"What Is Subculture? – Theories, Definition & Examples – Video & Lesson Transcript"
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Newburn, T. & Proquest, 2017. Criminology Third., Ann Arbor, Mich.]: ProQuest. pp. 210
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and beating of her boyfriend in 2007, who were attacked because they were goths. In 2012,
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Etsy Touts the Economic Power of Its Small Business Owner--Even If They Make $ 100 a Year
3101:"Feral segmentation: How cultural intermediaries perform market segmentation in the wild"
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place—thereby becoming, depending on circumstances, innovators, rebels, or retreatists (
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often negative relations to work (as 'idle', 'parasitic', at play or at leisure, etc.);
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argues that the punk subculture shares the same "radical aesthetic practices" as the
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2962:"Coming Up from the Down Low: The Journey to Acceptance, Healing and Honest Love"
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The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to
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http://socialmediadata.com/subcultures-and-social-media-mass-differentiation/
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2747:"Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement"
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Hovey, Jaime (2007). "Sexual subcultures". In Malti-Douglas, Fedwa (ed.).
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youths didn't have equal access to resources, resulting in the status of
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The earliest sociological studies on subcultures came from the so-called
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2017:
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Urban Tribes: A Generation Redefines Friendship, Family, and Commitment
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in the United Kingdom began to classify attacks on subcultures such as
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Lewin, Phillip, J. Patrick Williams. "Reconceptualizing Punk through
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Diaz Ruiz, Carlos A.; Penaloza, Lisa; Holmqvist, Jonas (2020-01-01).
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Lewin, Phillip, J. Patrick Williams. "Reconceptualizing Punk through
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ever-increasing acceptance of homosexuality in the early 21st century
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The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society
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The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society
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countercultural rejection of the established sexual and gender norms
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Subcultures: Big Opportunities for Social Brands to Generate Value
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Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance since the Sixties
3079:"Subcultures: Big Opportunity for Social Brands to Generate Value"
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The Death and Resurrection of Deviance: Current Ideas and Research
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Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain
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Huq, Rupa (2006) 'Beyond subculture' (Routledge, 2006; softcover
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https://opentextbc.ca/introconsumerbehaviour/chapter/subcultures/
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which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation. The
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stylistic ties to excess and exaggeration (with some exceptions);
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are considered subcultures within the gay movement itself. The
1642:, including its expressions in fashion, music, and design, the
3148:"Subcultures of Consumption: An Ethnography of the New Bikers"
1784:
1619:
1521:
cultures, based on dispassionate logic. Maffesoli claims that
1377:
against, and their activities regulated or curtailed. British
3461:
Circular Breathing: The Cultural Politics of Jazz in Britain.
2724:"Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers"
1476:"Urban tribe" redirects here. For the American musician, see
1283:) possessed by each individual, of the supermarket of style (
1075:
refusal of the banalities of ordinary life and massification.
2401:
Cross-cultural consumption: global markets, local realities.
1202:, Tony Jefferson, and Brian Roberts of the Birmingham CCCS (
1118:
and, on the other, because of their adoption of alternative
3594:
Cross-cultural consumption: global markets, local realities
2429:
Blair, M. Elizabeth, "Commercialization of Rap Music Youth
1404:
designs in a case of mainstream commercial cultural merging
1098:
The evolution of subcultural studies has three main steps:
3718:
2374:
Anheier, Helmut K., Stefan Toepler and Regina List, eds.,
3570:
Goldstein-Gidoni, Ofra. "Producers of 'Japan' in Israel:
3504:. Cambridge: Polity Press. Cited in Negus, Keith (1996).
2412:
Goldstein-Gidoni, Ofra. "Producers of 'Japan' in Israel:
2774:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
2433:." Journal of Popular Culture 27.3 (1993): 21-33. Print.
1495:. It gained widespread use after the publication of his
894:
characteristics intact. Examples of subcultures include
3276:"Attacks on goths, punks, and emos are 'hate crimes'"
3502:
Club Cultures: Music, Media, and Subcultural Capital
3489:, p. 155. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
3188:"Iraq militia stone youths to death for "emo" style"
3181:
3179:
2498:[The realities that 'urban tribes' create].
2473:
Conference Papers--American Sociological Association
4684:
4604:
4361:
4101:
3964:
3821:
3770:
3587:
Conference Papers—American Sociological Association
3365:
Subcultures: Cultural Histories and Social Practice
3270:
3268:
2320:"What is a Subculture? – Subcultures and Sociology"
2168:"Rethinking Subculture: An Interactionist Analysis"
1001:, punctures, and certain forms of plastic surgery.
2339:Dellwing, M.; Kotarba, J.; Pino, N. (2014-10-22).
2095:"Subcultures - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
2016:
1900:History of Western subcultures in the 20th century
1730:than with what is often classified as subculture.
3186:Rasheed, Ahmed; Ameer, Mohammed (10 March 2012).
3146:Schouten, John W.; McAlexander, James H. (1995).
2804:. Macmillan Social Science Library. Vol. 4.
3698:Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Economy
3347:Gay Men and the Forms of Contemporary US Culture
3240:
3238:
2960:King, J.L.; Courtney Carreras (April 25, 2006).
2446:Dress, Appearance, and Diversity in U.S. Society
3211:
3209:
3099:Diaz Ruiz, Carlos A.; Kjellberg, Hans (2020).
1702:sexual encounters and relations with other men
3734:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2641:, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 113–115,
2496:"As realidades que as 'tribos urbanas' criam"
2386:
2384:
2152:
2150:
1688:is a slang term specifically used within the
863:
8:
1546:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
1540:Sexual and gender identity-based subcultures
1525:are a typical example of an "urban tribe".
3704:Key youth subcultures from Lenin to our day
2553:"'Urban tribes' thriving in modern society"
2376:International Encyclopedia of Civil Society
2166:Fine, Gary Alan; Kleinman, Sherryl (1979).
3741:
3727:
3719:
870:
856:
41:
25:
3662:
2928:
2511:
1279:different levels of subcultural capital (
3506:Popular Music in Theory: An Introduction
3397:Popular Music in Theory: An Introduction
3077:Laurent Francois @lilzeon (2013-05-25).
1634:) people express themselves through the
1204:Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
3349:. London, England: Ashgate Publishing.
2639:Elgar Encyclopedia of Consumer Behavior
2449:. Iowa State University Digital Press.
1987:
33:
16:Smaller culture within a larger culture
3477:(1950). "Listening to popular music",
3387:(Routledge, March 10, 1981; softcover
2500:Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais
2075:
2074:
2063:
1509:and emotionally laden, different from
3534:Hall, Stuart, Tony Jefferson (1993).
1389:Relationships with mainstream culture
7:
5036:
4637:Role of Christianity in civilization
3681:Культура, субкультура, контркультура
3282:from the original on 19 October 2021
3007:Mutua, Athena (September 28, 2006).
2847:. Sterling Publishing. p. 893.
2722:Goicichea, Julia (August 16, 2017).
2037:participating institution membership
1240:as standardized products to buy and
5048:
3596:. New York: Routledge, 1996. Print.
2633:Ruiz, Carlos A. Diaz (2024-06-13),
2443:Reddy-Best, Kelly L. (2020-08-01).
3463:Durham NC: Duke University Press.
3367:(Routledge, March 2007; softcover
3253:from the original on 25 April 2022
3194:from the original on 23 April 2022
2897:American Public Health Association
2129:"Subculture: the meaning of style"
1708:, and frequently adopt a specific
14:
3395:). Cited in Negus, Keith (1996).
3247:"How are goths and emos defined?"
3223:from the original on 18 June 2022
3052:Bennett, Jessica (May 19, 2008).
2888:American Journal of Public Health
2403:New York: Routledge, 1996. Print.
1806:have denounced the occurrence of
1260:image of them and their members.
5047:
5035:
5024:
5023:
3758:
3556:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1993.00021.x
3384:Subculture: The Meaning of Style
3345:Cante, Richard C. (March 2009).
3278:. Channel 4 News. 4 April 2013.
2964:. Three Rivers Press. p. 36
2745:Rosenberg, Eli (June 24, 2016).
2527:Maffesoli, Michel (1996-02-27).
1828:
1666:. A late 1980s development, the
1029:Subculture: The Meaning of Style
970:of subcultures was developed in
908:1940s original parent subculture
837:
4849:Culture and positive psychology
3759:
3589:. 2007 Conference Papers, 2007.
3245:Sedgwick, Mark (4 April 2013).
3010:Progressive Black Masculinities
2588:"How to manage consumer tribes"
2586:Canniford, Robin (2011-12-01).
2513:10.1590/S0102-69092006000100012
2494:Frehse, Fraya (February 2006).
423:Peace, war, and social conflict
4288:High- and low-context cultures
3576:Ethnos:Journal of Anthropology
3544:The Journal of Popular Culture
3481:, 2, p. 359-71. Cited in
3433:. (London: Sage Publications.
3301:Blackman, Shane (2013-06-03).
2802:Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender
2592:Journal of Strategic Marketing
2418:Ethnos:Journal of Anthropology
2254:Nwalozie, Chijioke J. (2015).
1036:argued that a subculture is a
886:is a group of people within a
1:
3602:American Journal of Sociology
3508:. Wesleyan University Press.
3399:. Wesleyan University Press.
2982:Johnson, Jason (1 May 2005).
2844:Cassell's Dictionary of Slang
2681:European Journal of Marketing
2172:American Journal of Sociology
1163:, and search for a solution.
1112:Social Disorganization Theory
4854:Culture and social cognition
3839:Cross-cultural communication
3574:in a non-colonial context."
3319:10.1080/01639625.2013.859049
3152:Journal of Consumer Research
2604:10.1080/0965254X.2011.599496
2475:. 2007 Annual Meeting, 2007.
2416:in a non-colonial context."
2050:Niosi, Andrea (2021-06-25).
1483:In 1985, French sociologist
1198:In the work of John Clarke,
1015:, "which passively accepted
4936:Intercultural communication
3219:. BBC News. 11 March 2012.
1264:Subcultures and distinction
21:Subculture (disambiguation)
5099:
4379:Cross cultural sensitivity
4046:Resistance through culture
3429:Maffesoli, Michel (1996).
2806:Farmington Hills, Michigan
2647:10.4337/9781803926278.ch36
1797:murder of Sophie Lancaster
1761:
1732:Social networking websites
1719:
1690:African-American community
1549:
1543:
1475:
1167:Subcultures and resistance
978:. Subcultures differ from
94:Human environmental impact
18:
5019:
4991:Transformation of culture
4424:Cultural environmentalism
3854:Cross-cultural psychology
3849:Cross-cultural psychiatry
3844:Cross-cultural leadership
3756:
2024:Oxford English Dictionary
1777:Greater Manchester Police
1608:—cultural expressions of
1216:collective identification
1122:and normative models. As
993:Oxford English Dictionary
4951:Living things in culture
4941:Intercultural competence
4844:Culture and menstruation
4343:Trans-cultural diffusion
3655:10.1177/0038038510394025
3578:68.3 (2003): 365. Print.
3500:Thornton, Sarah (1995).
3117:10.1177/1470593120920330
2905:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127217
2841:Green, Jonathon (2006).
2693:10.1108/EJM-08-2018-0565
2420:68.3 (2003): 365. Print.
1905:Intercultural competence
1696:who usually identify as
1580:, site of the June 1969
1102:Subcultures and deviance
1011:distinguished between a
188:Structural functionalism
4762:Cultural homogenization
3992:Individualistic culture
3926:Popular culture studies
3911:Intercultural relations
3519:Watters, Ethan (2003).
2988:San Francisco Chronicle
2810:Macmillan Reference USA
2029:Oxford University Press
1610:non-normative sexuality
1299:Members of the seminal
1252:. At the same time the
208:Symbolic interactionism
103:Industrial revolutions
4697:Archaeological culture
4444:Cultural globalization
4313:Organizational culture
4161:Cultural communication
4119:Cultural appropriation
3906:Intercultural learning
3834:Cross-cultural studies
3572:Cultural appropriation
3487:Studying Popular Music
2812:. pp. 1372–1374.
2414:Cultural appropriation
2127:Hebdige, Dick (1979).
1741:user-generated content
1596:of the 1960s led to a
1589:
1498:The Time of the Tribes
1469:
1417:cultural appropriation
1405:
1373:
1347:
1323:
1195:
198:Social constructionism
4966:Participatory culture
4757:Cultural evolutionism
4581:Multiracial democracy
4459:Cultural intelligence
4404:Cultural conservatism
4394:Cultural backwardness
4384:Cultural assimilation
4258:Cultural reproduction
4114:Cultural appreciation
4066:Far-right subcultures
3956:Transcultural nursing
3921:Philosophy of culture
3798:Cultural neuroscience
3778:Cultural anthropology
3459:McKay, George (2005)
3444:McKay, George (1996)
2484:Dick Hebdige p.106-12
2455:10.31274/isudp.2020.9
2222:"What is subculture?"
2099:www.sciencedirect.com
1880:Far-right subcultures
1845:Alternative lifestyle
1762:Further information:
1720:Further information:
1563:
1550:Further information:
1464:
1396:
1362:
1298:
1183:festival, dressed in
1179:couple attending the
1174:
573:Conversation analysis
148:Social stratification
4961:Oppositional culture
4931:Emotions and culture
4839:Cultural sensibility
4829:Cultural translation
4767:Cultural institution
4747:Cultural determinism
4469:Cultural nationalism
4454:Cultural imperialism
4414:Cultural deprivation
4308:Non-material culture
3941:Sociology of culture
3936:Semiotics of culture
3363:Gelder, Ken (2007).
3081:. Social Media Today
1808:emo killings in Iraq
1366:are a subculture of
1258:socially stigmatized
1026:". In his 1979 book
19:For other uses, see
4812:Culture speculation
4807:Cultural relativism
4737:Cultural competence
4627:Cultural Christians
4499:Cultural Revolution
4489:Cultural radicalism
4464:Cultural liberalism
4399:Cultural Bolshevism
4374:Consumer capitalism
4328:Relational mobility
4268:Cultural technology
4176:Cultural dissonance
4093:Culture by location
4056:Alternative culture
3972:Constructed culture
3951:Theology of culture
3891:Cultural psychology
3871:Cultural entomology
3585:and Authenticity".
2471:and Authenticity".
2027:(Online ed.).
1940:Underground culture
1910:List of subcultures
1586:rainbow pride flags
1503:social interactions
1402:hip hop subcultural
1400:packages featuring
1181:Whitby Goth Weekend
158:Social cycle theory
29:Part of a series on
4971:Permission culture
4904:Disability culture
4884:Children's culture
4752:Cultural diversity
4712:Circuit of culture
4494:Cultural retention
4474:Cultural pessimism
4429:Cultural exception
4419:Cultural diplomacy
4409:Cultural contracts
4369:Colonial mentality
4298:Manuscript culture
4273:Cultural universal
4243:Cultural pluralism
4223:Cultural landscape
4218:Cultural invention
4186:Cultural framework
4088:Vernacular culture
3886:Cultural mediation
3866:Cultural economics
3861:Cultural analytics
3793:Cultural geography
3783:Cultural astronomy
3538:. Routledge, 1993.
3483:Middleton, Richard
3479:American Quarterly
3448:. (London: Verso.
2751:The New York Times
2726:. The Culture Trip
2378:, (Springer, 2010)
1930:Subcultural theory
1700:but actively seek
1606:sexual subcultures
1590:
1584:, is adorned with
1528:In the context of
1406:
1383:post-war consensus
1374:
1324:
1309:punk fashion items
1238:goods and services
1212:mainstream culture
1196:
1116:mainstream culture
1094:History of studies
1007:As early as 1950,
844:Society portal
467:History of science
448:Race and ethnicity
128:Social environment
5070:
5069:
4899:Death and culture
4792:Cultural movement
4782:Cultural literacy
4642:Eastern Orthodoxy
4554:Dominator culture
4549:Deculturalization
4449:Cultural hegemony
4439:Cultural genocide
4434:Cultural feminism
4253:Cultural property
4248:Cultural practice
4233:Cultural leveling
4228:Cultural learning
4213:Cultural industry
4208:Cultural identity
4191:Cultural heritage
4181:Cultural emphasis
4166:Cultural conflict
4139:Cultural behavior
4129:Cultural artifact
4041:Primitive culture
4017:Political culture
3356:978-0-7546-7230-2
3032:978-0-415-97687-9
2854:978-0-304-36636-1
2656:978-1-80392-627-8
2635:"Consumer Tribes"
2502:(in Portuguese).
2300:www.rochester.edu
2073:External link in
2035:(Subscription or
1870:Cultural identity
1814:and elsewhere in
1594:sexual revolution
1574:Greenwich Village
1379:youth subcultures
1313:Converse sneakers
1233:" operation, use
880:
879:
598:Social experiment
478:Social psychology
123:Social complexity
5090:
5051:
5050:
5039:
5038:
5027:
5026:
4916:Drinking culture
4869:Culture industry
4817:Cultural tourism
4797:Cultural mulatto
4772:Cultural jet lag
4707:Cannabis culture
4664:Cultural Muslims
4586:Pluriculturalism
4569:Multiculturalism
4559:Interculturalism
4534:Culture minister
4524:Cultural Zionism
4519:Cultural subsidy
4514:Cultural silence
4389:Cultural attaché
4348:Transculturation
4303:Material culture
4293:Interculturality
4149:Cultural capital
4134:Cultural baggage
4071:Youth subculture
4012:Official culture
3977:Dominant culture
3916:Internet culture
3881:Cultural mapping
3876:Cultural history
3803:Cultural studies
3788:Cultural ecology
3762:
3761:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3720:
3676:
3666:
3625:
3567:
3360:
3331:
3330:
3307:Deviant Behavior
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3183:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3105:Marketing Theory
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3054:"Outing Hip-Hop"
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2932:
2879:Morabia, Alfredo
2874:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2797:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2555:. Archived from
2549:
2543:
2542:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2440:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2261:. Archived from
2260:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1992:
1970:Youth subculture
1955:Youth subculture
1838:
1833:
1832:
1752:consumer culture
1722:Internet culture
1552:Sexual fetishism
1530:consumer culture
1487:coined the term
1485:Michel Maffesoli
1148:Howard S. Becker
1085:Sherryl Kleinman
976:cultural studies
872:
865:
858:
842:
841:
593:Network analysis
483:Sociocybernetics
473:Social movements
203:Social darwinism
153:Social structure
45:
26:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5015:
5006:Western culture
5001:Welfare culture
4926:Eastern culture
4787:Cultural mosaic
4742:Cultural critic
4732:Cultural center
4680:
4654:Cultural Hindus
4600:
4591:Polyculturalism
4564:Monoculturalism
4539:Culture of fear
4509:Cultural safety
4504:Cultural rights
4484:Cultural racism
4479:Cultural policy
4357:
4263:Cultural system
4238:Cultural memory
4171:Cultural cringe
4097:
4029:Popular culture
3960:
3896:Cultural values
3817:
3766:
3752:
3747:
3694:
3689:
3640:
3599:
3541:
3357:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3168:
3166:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3025:. p. 169.
3006:
3005:
3001:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2820:
2799:
2798:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2687:(5): 999–1024.
2674:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2466:
2462:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2072:
2062:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1950:Urban sociology
1925:Popular culture
1890:Heterosociality
1875:Culture jamming
1834:
1827:
1824:
1770:
1760:
1724:
1718:
1660:butch and femme
1582:Stonewall riots
1558:
1556:Sexual roleplay
1548:
1542:
1534:brand community
1511:late capitalism
1481:
1474:
1462:art movements:
1448:punk subculture
1391:
1317:leather jackets
1293:
1266:
1169:
1161:marginalization
1137:Richard Cloward
1104:
1096:
1050:Pierre Bourdieu
988:
980:countercultures
906:(which include
876:
836:
829:
828:
789:
779:
778:
706:
632:
618:
616:Major theorists
608:
607:
543:
533:
532:
223:
213:
212:
183:Critical theory
178:Conflict theory
173:
163:
162:
133:Social equality
74:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5096:
5094:
5086:
5085:
5075:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5057:
5045:
5033:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
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4943:
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4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4802:Cultural probe
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4727:Cross-cultural
4724:
4722:Coffee culture
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4692:Animal culture
4688:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4596:Transculturism
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4529:Culture change
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
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4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4353:Visual culture
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:Safety culture
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4154:Cross-cultural
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4048:
4043:
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4036:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
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3856:
3851:
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3825:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3813:Culture theory
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3754:
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3746:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3693:
3692:External links
3690:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3679:Беляев, И. А.
3677:
3649:(2): 303–317.
3638:
3632:
3626:
3614:10.1086/226971
3597:
3592:Howes, David.
3590:
3579:
3568:
3539:
3532:
3517:
3498:
3475:Riesman, David
3472:
3457:
3442:
3427:
3408:
3376:
3361:
3355:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3313:(6): 496–512.
3293:
3264:
3234:
3205:
3175:
3164:10.1086/209434
3138:
3111:(4): 429–457.
3091:
3069:
3044:
3031:
2999:
2974:
2952:
2869:
2853:
2833:
2818:
2785:
2763:
2737:
2714:
2667:
2655:
2625:
2598:(7): 591–606.
2578:
2576:Maffesoli 1996
2569:
2544:
2537:
2519:
2486:
2477:
2460:
2435:
2422:
2405:
2399:Howes, David.
2392:
2380:
2367:
2358:
2351:
2331:
2311:
2296:"Introduction"
2287:
2278:
2246:
2237:
2213:
2184:10.1086/226971
2158:
2146:
2137:
2119:
2117:Middleton 1990
2110:
2086:
2076:|journal=
2042:
2008:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
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1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Rainbow Family
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1867:
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1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:Society portal
1823:
1820:
1773:Discrimination
1759:
1758:Discrimination
1756:
1717:
1714:
1710:hip-hop attire
1544:Main article:
1541:
1538:
1473:
1470:
1390:
1387:
1307:wearing early
1292:
1289:
1281:Sarah Thornton
1271:Sarah Thornton
1265:
1262:
1246:consumer goods
1185:typical Gothic
1168:
1165:
1128:Ernest Burgess
1124:Robert E. Park
1108:Chicago School
1103:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1081:Gary Alan Fine
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1046:Sarah Thornton
987:
984:
966:and more. The
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243:Astrosociology
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5032:
5031:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5012:
5011:Youth culture
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4996:Urban culture
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:Remix culture
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4956:Media culture
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4946:Languaculture
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4874:Culture shock
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4834:Cultural turn
4832:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
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4740:
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4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4702:Bennett scale
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:Protestantism
4630:
4628:
4625:
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4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4597:
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4589:
4587:
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4579:
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4574:Biculturalism
4572:
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4467:
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4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
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4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Technoculture
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Print culture
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:Enculturation
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
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4246:
4244:
4241:
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4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4203:Cultural icon
4201:
4197:
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4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4144:Cultural bias
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Cultural area
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Acculturation
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Super culture
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:Legal culture
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:Sound culture
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
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3835:
3832:
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3801:
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3789:
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3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3529:1-58234-264-4
3526:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3514:0-8195-6310-2
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:0-335-15275-9
3492:
3488:
3485:(1990/2002).
3484:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3469:0-8223-3573-5
3466:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:1-85984-028-0
3451:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:0-8039-8474-X
3436:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3424:0-415-27814-7
3421:
3417:
3416:0-415-27815-5
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:0-8195-6310-2
3402:
3398:
3394:
3393:0-415-03949-5
3390:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3379:Hebdige, Dick
3377:
3374:
3373:0-415-37952-0
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3294:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3239:
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3222:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3193:
3189:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3003:
3000:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2931:
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2914:
2910:
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2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2819:9780028661155
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2738:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2668:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2559:on 2017-09-08
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2354:
2352:9781137303806
2348:
2344:
2343:
2335:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2268:on 2018-12-23
2264:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:Thornton 1995
2141:
2138:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2052:"Subcultures"
2046:
2043:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2009:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:Youth culture
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:Urban culture
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
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4921:Drug culture
4909:Deaf culture
4894:Cyberculture
4864:Culture hero
4777:Cultural lag
4717:Civilization
4617:Christianity
4323:Protoculture
4050:
4007:Microculture
3987:High culture
3982:Folk culture
3931:Postcritique
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3418:. Hardcover
3396:
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3284:. Retrieved
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2361:
2345:. Springer.
2341:
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2263:the original
2249:
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2229:. Retrieved
2225:
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2102:. Retrieved
2098:
2089:
2066:cite journal
2055:
2045:
2022:
2018:"subculture"
2011:
2000:. Retrieved
1990:
1920:Neotribalism
1895:High culture
1885:Folk culture
1801:human rights
1771:
1749:
1737:social media
1728:neotribalism
1725:
1716:Social media
1706:gay cruising
1698:heterosexual
1692:to refer to
1683:
1681:
1677:queer theory
1636:LGBT culture
1614:
1605:
1591:
1527:
1505:are largely
1496:
1493:neotribalism
1488:
1482:
1472:Urban tribes
1465:
1452:Dick Hebdige
1421:
1410:
1407:
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1367:
1325:
1285:Ted Polhemus
1267:
1250:mass society
1227:Dick Hebdige
1220:
1208:middle class
1197:
1145:
1105:
1097:
1089:
1078:
1043:
1034:Dick Hebdige
1027:
1017:commercially
1006:
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991:
989:
883:
881:
794:Bibliography
708:
636:
635:
622:
588:Mathematical
568:Ethnographic
548:Quantitative
233:Architecture
171:Perspectives
143:Social power
5083:Subcultures
5054:WikiProject
4986:Tea culture
4889:Culturalism
4859:Culture gap
4822:Pop-culture
4622:Catholicism
4544:Culture war
4002:Low culture
3901:Culturomics
3808:Culturology
3664:10072/39970
3608:(1): 1–20.
3190:. Reuters.
2899:: S92–S95.
2895:(Suppl 1).
2730:February 2,
2226:FutureLearn
2178:(1): 1–20.
2156:Gelder 2007
1998:. Study.com
1915:Low culture
1855:Bohemianism
1704:, practice
1644:gay culture
1628:transgender
1570:gay village
1519:bourgeoisie
1489:urban tribe
1478:Urban Tribe
1398:Potato chip
1319:, and blue
1291:Identifying
1223:Paul Willis
1200:Stuart Hall
1192:Elizabethan
1157:frustration
1153:lower-class
1141:Lloyd Ohlin
1132:Louis Wirth
1120:axiological
986:Definitions
940:hip-hoppers
799:Terminology
768:Baudrillard
644:Tocqueville
558:Comparative
553:Qualitative
523:Victimology
353:Immigration
338:Generations
253:Criminology
4051:Subculture
3829:Bioculture
3169:2023-03-25
3085:2017-10-19
3063:2009-12-19
3038:2009-12-18
2993:2009-12-18
2968:2009-12-18
2860:2008-03-19
2662:2024-08-14
2563:2017-09-08
2538:080398474X
2431:Subculture
2325:2024-06-23
2305:2024-06-23
2272:2017-06-14
2231:2024-06-23
2104:2024-06-23
2039:required.)
2002:2017-09-08
1977:References
1935:Underclass
1860:Brandalism
1793:metalheads
1768:Hate group
1764:Hate crime
1743:, such as
1664:drag kings
1648:leathermen
1460:Surrealist
1349:mannerisms
1336:hairstyles
1254:mass media
1038:subversion
1021:subversive
948:cosplayers
944:metalheads
920:steampunks
884:subculture
824:By country
578:Historical
503:Technology
443:Punishment
428:Philosophy
403:Mathematic
393:Literature
358:Industrial
348:Historical
273:Demography
193:Positivism
118:Popularity
73:Key themes
4879:Culturgen
4647:Mormonism
4605:Religions
4278:Cultureme
4196:Destroyed
3822:Subfields
3673:146711846
3643:Sociology
3622:144955053
3564:195356599
3327:0163-9625
3133:219027435
3125:1470-5931
3023:Routledge
2921:0090-0036
2913:1541-0048
2828:922889305
2778:April 21,
2709:216399732
2701:0309-0566
2620:167613824
2612:0965-254X
2208:144955053
2192:0002-9602
1982:Citations
1850:Art world
1804:activists
1694:Black men
1578:Manhattan
1515:corporate
1369:Star Trek
1340:jewellery
1301:punk rock
1231:bricolage
1188:Victorian
1044:In 1995,
972:sociology
932:skinheads
640:Martineau
583:Interview
508:Terrorism
488:Sociology
433:Political
373:Knowledge
293:Education
35:Sociology
5077:Category
5030:Category
4612:Buddhism
4362:Politics
3771:Sciences
3583:Ideology
3560:ProQuest
3381:(1979).
3280:Archived
3251:Archived
3221:Archived
3192:Archived
3058:Newsweek
3015:New York
2947:40119540
2939:19218177
2756:June 25,
2469:Ideology
1822:See also
1685:down-low
1624:bisexual
1507:informal
1444:ideology
1364:Trekkies
1344:fashions
1328:clothing
1315:, black
1311:such as
1248:for the
1235:cultural
1013:majority
956:otherkin
904:hipsters
888:cultural
819:Timeline
804:Journals
772:Bourdieu
764:Habermas
760:Luhmann
756:Foucault
700:Mannheim
680:Durkheim
453:Religion
413:Military
378:Language
363:Internet
318:Feminist
302:Jealousy
288:Economic
283:Disaster
278:Deviance
221:Branches
99:Identity
5061:Changes
5042:Commons
4685:Related
4676:Sikhism
4671:Judaism
4102:Aspects
3764:Outline
3750:Culture
3338:Sources
2930:2724949
2881:(ed.).
2200:2778065
1865:Culture
1812:Baghdad
1745:YouTube
1616:Lesbian
1600:in the
1568:in the
1456:Dadaist
1436:hip hop
1305:Ramones
1242:consume
999:tattoos
968:concept
964:hackers
960:furries
912:nipster
900:hippies
891:society
776:Giddens
774:·
770:·
762:·
750:·
748:Goffman
744:Schoeck
730:·
722:·
698:·
696:Du Bois
694:·
686:·
682:·
674:·
668:Tönnies
666:·
652:Spencer
650:·
628:·
541:Methods
518:Utopian
463:Science
408:Medical
398:Marxist
388:Leisure
298:Emotion
263:Culture
79:Society
58:Outline
53:History
4061:Fandom
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1352:, and
1194:styles
1130:, and
1067:family
1024:values
936:gopnik
924:bikers
814:People
752:Bauman
732:Nisbet
728:Merton
720:Gehlen
716:Adorno
709:1900s:
684:Addams
676:Simmel
672:Veblen
664:Pareto
656:Le Bon
637:1800s:
630:Sieyès
623:1700s:
603:Survey
528:Visual
438:Public
343:Health
333:Gender
323:Fiscal
313:Family
4659:Islam
4034:Urban
4022:Civic
3965:Types
3669:S2CID
3618:S2CID
3129:S2CID
2943:S2CID
2909:eISSN
2705:S2CID
2616:S2CID
2266:(PDF)
2259:(PDF)
2204:S2CID
2196:JSTOR
2132:(PDF)
2033:
1789:punks
1781:goths
1668:queer
1656:chubs
1652:bears
1523:punks
1372:fans.
1354:argot
1332:music
1321:jeans
1303:band
952:otaku
928:punks
916:goths
787:Lists
736:Mills
712:Fromm
704:Elias
692:Weber
626:Comte
513:Urban
498:Sport
493:Space
458:Rural
418:Music
368:Jewry
268:Death
228:Aging
63:Index
4076:list
3525:ISBN
3510:ISBN
3491:ISBN
3465:ISBN
3450:ISBN
3435:ISBN
3420:ISBN
3412:ISBN
3401:ISBN
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2824:OCLC
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2780:2016
2758:2016
2732:2019
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2188:ISSN
2081:help
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1785:emos
1766:and
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1632:LGBT
1592:The
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1424:jazz
1412:Cool
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1177:goth
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248:Body
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