1213:
3197:
2764:
2788:
3207:
2752:
699:
highly centralized unitary system, and the provinces are subordinated to the centre. Local administrations were established to provide services in place and the government is represented by the governors and city governors. Besides the governors and the city governors, other senior public officials are also appointed by the central government rather than appointed by mayors or elected by constituents.
82:
2800:
1642:
641:
2776:
35:
1194:
698:
structure in terms of administration and this aspect is one of the most important factors shaping the
Turkish public administration. When three powers (executive, legislative and judiciary) are taken into account as the main functions of the state, local administrations have little power. Turkey is a
784:
721:
is often considered an impediment to good governance, and causes resentment in particular in ethnic minority regions. Steps towards decentralization since 2004 have proved to be a highly controversial topic in Turkey. Turkey is obligated under the
1503:
1507:
1393:
567:
2644:
1547:
554:
3086:
3371:
3301:
3131:
726:
to decentralize its administrative structure. A decentralization program for Turkey is an ongoing discussion in the country's academics, politics and the broader public.
1770:
3508:
3321:
1299:
506:
3569:
3346:
2921:
2307:
161:
1561:
3635:
2470:
1849:
678:
3625:
3615:
3584:
3536:
3433:
3428:
3126:
3031:
2443:
1844:
1284:
3620:
3541:
3393:
3136:
1504:"'Civic Participation' or 'Customer Satisfaction'? Waves of Centralization, Decentralization and Recentralization from the Ottoman Empire until Today"
723:
580:
3630:
3546:
3162:
3081:
3046:
3001:
2241:
1579:
1404:
590:
3493:
3111:
2971:
2966:
2861:
1630:
53:
1451:
3463:
3423:
3403:
3383:
3286:
3243:
3091:
3066:
2981:
2961:
2911:
2881:
2871:
2733:
1875:
1822:
540:
461:
456:
451:
367:
299:
148:
3398:
3177:
3172:
3056:
3051:
2931:
522:
517:
3579:
3526:
3478:
3473:
3448:
3306:
3121:
3071:
3026:
3006:
2996:
2896:
2838:
1753:
498:
493:
3564:
585:
3503:
3453:
3413:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3311:
3296:
3291:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3096:
3011:
2991:
2876:
2866:
2200:
1915:
1741:
473:
377:
372:
176:
3589:
3531:
3488:
3468:
3458:
3443:
3438:
3418:
3388:
3356:
3341:
3316:
3252:
3141:
3041:
2976:
2956:
2946:
2906:
2891:
2886:
2691:
2231:
405:
400:
395:
247:
3483:
3408:
3378:
3182:
3101:
3061:
3036:
3016:
2951:
2926:
2916:
2901:
2236:
2183:
2121:
1809:
1792:
619:
359:
351:
141:
3167:
3021:
2986:
2941:
2936:
2669:
2354:
2153:
2077:
1865:
1279:
671:
103:
2349:
1797:
1309:
2792:
1433:
2491:
2188:
2143:
2057:
2035:
1948:
1289:
711:
387:
273:
3574:
1608:
3594:
2580:
2297:
2018:
1335:
562:
2664:
2359:
1990:
1970:
1193:
714:
and 21 subregions for geographic, demographic and economic purposes; this does not refer to an administrative division.
651:
433:
428:
423:
200:
1598:
2619:
2246:
2226:
2148:
2072:
1817:
1623:
1212:
1207:
664:
486:
286:
1083:
3236:
2342:
2317:
2195:
2045:
1882:
1870:
1736:
341:
229:
44:
2520:
2158:
2138:
1785:
1473:
1458:
1013:
346:
312:
265:
953:
2853:
2831:
2718:
2384:
2082:
2011:
1780:
213:
1073:
948:
2067:
2040:
1985:
1980:
1832:
1827:
943:
908:
530:
206:
2570:
2575:
2515:
2503:
2396:
2253:
1746:
1669:
1616:
1488:
1143:
793:
113:
95:
3229:
2723:
2508:
2498:
2465:
2205:
2028:
545:
443:
118:
1163:
1138:
863:
813:
808:
2659:
2654:
2639:
2585:
2530:
2414:
2273:
2258:
2106:
2023:
1837:
1394:"Towards an Education Decentralization Strategy for Turkey: Guideposts from international experience"
1128:
1078:
988:
803:
626:
242:
235:
108:
49:
3151:
2824:
2535:
2486:
2419:
2369:
2268:
2178:
2126:
1939:
1920:
1706:
1269:
1264:
1188:
958:
868:
777:
743:
738:
707:
703:
415:
334:
196:
3206:
2751:
1123:
168:
2780:
2706:
2649:
2629:
2542:
2431:
2374:
2170:
2092:
1758:
1679:
1674:
1274:
1063:
968:
848:
754:
305:
189:
134:
72:
1575:
1173:
963:
318:
279:
152:
2804:
2713:
2676:
2562:
2547:
2364:
2302:
2289:
2263:
2131:
2062:
2006:
1925:
1718:
1693:
1654:
1533:
1259:
1053:
1008:
993:
978:
888:
883:
878:
843:
828:
614:
252:
225:
2634:
2602:
2424:
2379:
2322:
1975:
1898:
1713:
1294:
1133:
1113:
1103:
1098:
1088:
1058:
1048:
1018:
938:
933:
918:
913:
903:
893:
858:
838:
833:
535:
218:
2768:
2701:
2681:
2612:
2607:
2552:
2525:
2436:
2409:
2087:
2052:
1168:
1153:
1148:
1108:
1038:
1033:
983:
928:
898:
873:
823:
798:
788:
1178:
783:
2624:
2404:
2327:
1960:
1728:
1689:
1315:
1158:
1068:
1028:
1023:
1003:
998:
973:
923:
818:
17:
3609:
3221:
3200:
2756:
2696:
2597:
2337:
2332:
1965:
1910:
1701:
1304:
1118:
1093:
1043:
853:
695:
645:
292:
1529:
2816:
2728:
2686:
2312:
1763:
1183:
1536:, Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, Monitoring Committee. 1 March 2011.
3210:
2592:
1903:
1583:
502:
1346:
81:
1400:
2458:
2448:
1775:
1248:
760:
2453:
1646:
1641:
1580:"New Turkish gov't to focus on new reforms to solve age-old problems"
730:
718:
691:
1237:
1371:
1226:
1211:
748:
710:, for a total of 973 districts. Turkey is also subdivided into 7
1436:. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 1 August 2011.
3225:
2820:
1612:
28:
1192:
702:
Within this unitary framework, Turkey is subdivided into 81
1562:"The principle of decentralization in the new constitution"
706:
for administrative purposes. Each province is divided into
1599:"Decentralization for Peace in Turkey, Iraq & Syria"
717:
The largely centralized structure of decision-making in
1336:"General Structure of Turkish Public Administration"
3555:
3517:
3259:
3150:
3110:
2852:
2561:
2479:
2395:
2288:
2214:
2169:
2114:
2105:
1999:
1947:
1938:
1891:
1858:
1808:
1727:
1688:
1662:
1653:
1548:"BDP's decentralization proposal debated in Turkey"
1434:"The Turkish Constitution and the Kurdish Question"
1489:"HDP arrests pose grave risks for Turkey's future"
1300:List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey
3237:
2832:
1624:
1450:Ulaş BAYRAKTAR; Élise MASSICARD (July 2012).
672:
8:
3244:
3230:
3222:
2839:
2825:
2817:
2558:
2111:
1944:
1659:
1631:
1617:
1609:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1285:List of largest cities and towns in Turkey
679:
665:
67:
1564:. Hurriyet Daily News. 24 September 2010.
724:European Charter of Local Self-Government
1530:"Local and regional democracy in Turkey"
734:is subdivided in a hierarchical manner:
1502:Charlotte Joppien (24 September 2014).
1327:
70:
1550:. Hurriyet Daily News. 3 October 2010.
1445:
1443:
1345:. Ministry of Justice. Archived from
7:
2787:
2775:
3636:Administrative divisions by country
3253:Administrative divisions of Europe
1487:Stefano Sarsale (1 December 2016).
3626:Administrative divisions in Europe
3616:Administrative divisions of Turkey
25:
1459:Agence française de développement
1392:Alec Ian Gershberg (March 2005).
3621:Administrative divisions in Asia
3205:
3196:
3195:
2847:Administrative divisions of Asia
2798:
2786:
2774:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2154:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
1640:
1506:. ResearchTurkey. Archived from
1472:Soner Cagaptay (3 August 2015).
1280:List of municipalities in Turkey
782:
639:
80:
33:
3631:Lists of subdivisions of Turkey
2799:
3163:British Indian Ocean Territory
1290:Metropolitan centers in Turkey
1:
1597:Aydın Selcen (7 March 2016).
563:Turkey and the United Nations
523:Diplomatic missions in Turkey
518:Diplomatic missions of Turkey
162:Leader of the Main Opposition
2645:Intangible cultural heritage
1991:Southeastern Anatolia Region
1823:Proclamation of the republic
1452:"Decentralisation in Turkey"
1312:(standard withdrawn in 2008)
1916:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
1601:. Turkish Policy Quarterly.
1476:. The Washington Institute.
1310:FIPS region codes of Turkey
1208:List of districts in Turkey
555:Membership of international
494:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
42:It has been suggested that
3652:
1747:Conquest of Constantinople
1305:ISO 3166-2 codes of Turkey
1246:
1235:
1224:
1205:
775:
59:Proposed since March 2024.
45:Local government in Turkey
3191:
2746:
2254:The constitutional system
1786:Second Constitutional Era
1771:Decline and modernization
1474:"Turkey's Kurdish Moment"
781:
248:National Security Council
2912:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2237:Ministry of the Interior
2222:Administrative divisions
1781:First Constitutional Era
568:Permanent Representative
352:Supreme Election Council
3173:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2184:Parliamentary elections
1986:Eastern Anatolia Region
1981:Central Anatolia Region
1663:Ancient and Middle Ages
1491:. Global Risk Insights.
620:History of the Republic
142:Grand National Assembly
3302:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2355:Science and technology
2189:Presidential elections
1670:Prehistory of Anatolia
1217:
1197:
236:Current cabinet (67th)
18:Subdivisions of Turkey
2350:Free trade agreements
2232:Intelligence Services
2029:North Anatolian Fault
1215:
1196:
3087:United Arab Emirates
2734:World heritage sites
2259:Turkish Armed Forces
2144:Constitutional Court
2058:Flora and vegetation
2036:Environmental issues
2024:East Anatolian Fault
1971:Mediterranean Region
1578:(20 November 2015).
274:Constitutional Court
207:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
52:into this article. (
3518:States with limited
3114:limited recognition
2303:Banking and Finance
1921:History of Anatolia
1818:War of Independence
1810:Republic of Türkiye
1707:Battle of Manzikert
1270:Districts of Turkey
1265:Provinces of Turkey
1216:Districts of Turkey
778:Provinces of Turkey
2360:Telecommunications
2149:Court of Cassation
1850:Multi-party period
1759:Ottoman Old Regime
1680:Byzantine Anatolia
1675:Classical Anatolia
1510:on 19 October 2017
1372:"Turkey Districts"
1275:Villages of Turkey
1218:
1198:
287:Court of Cassation
73:Politics of Turkey
3603:
3602:
3219:
3218:
3156:other territories
2814:
2813:
2742:
2741:
2284:
2283:
2227:Foreign relations
2201:Political parties
2101:
2100:
1934:
1933:
1926:History of Thrace
1828:Atatürk's reforms
1719:Anatolian beyliks
1534:Council of Europe
1260:Regions of Turkey
689:
688:
646:Turkey portal
541:Visa requirements
487:Foreign relations
474:Political parties
356:Recent elections
300:Court of Accounts
177:Political parties
66:
65:
61:
16:(Redirected from
3643:
3556:Dependencies and
3260:Sovereign states
3246:
3239:
3232:
3223:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3168:Christmas Island
2854:Sovereign states
2841:
2834:
2827:
2818:
2802:
2801:
2790:
2789:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2765:
2754:
2559:
2444:Cities and towns
2425:Turkish language
2380:Turkish Airlines
2196:Electoral system
2159:Council of State
2112:
2046:Waste management
1976:Black Sea Region
1954:
1945:
1899:Turkic migration
1845:One-party period
1714:Sultanate of Rum
1660:
1645:
1644:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1610:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1403:. Archived from
1398:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1352:on 21 March 2015
1351:
1340:
1332:
1295:Anatolian Tigers
786:
681:
674:
667:
644:
643:
642:
342:Electoral system
313:Council of State
84:
68:
57:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3557:
3551:
3537:Northern Cyprus
3519:
3513:
3434:North Macedonia
3255:
3250:
3220:
3215:
3187:
3155:
3146:
3127:Northern Cyprus
3113:
3106:
2848:
2845:
2815:
2810:
2738:
2557:
2553:Women in Turkey
2521:Law enforcement
2475:
2471:Life expectancy
2437:Islam in Turkey
2391:
2280:
2242:National Police
2210:
2165:
2097:
2088:Turkish Riviera
1995:
1952:
1951:
1930:
1887:
1854:
1833:Language reform
1804:
1723:
1684:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1607:
1606:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1576:Ahmet Davutoğlu
1574:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:justice.gov.tr/
1338:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
780:
774:
685:
656:
652:Other countries
640:
638:
633:
632:
631:
609:
601:
600:
595:
574:European Union
559:
556:
550:
531:Nationality law
527:
514:
489:
479:
478:
466:
438:
410:
382:
347:Electoral cycle
337:
327:
326:
325:
268:
258:
257:
192:
182:
181:
171:
164:
155:
153:Numan Kurtulmuş
137:
127:
126:
125:
98:
75:
62:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3649:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3558:other entities
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3509:United Kingdom
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3322:Czech Republic
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3226:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2670:Radio stations
2667:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Turkish people
2401:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2370:Transportation
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2078:National parks
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2012:Climate change
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Marmara Region
1957:
1955:
1953:(west to east)
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1866:Constitutional
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1756:
1754:Transformation
1751:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1729:Ottoman Empire
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1698:
1696:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1589:
1567:
1553:
1539:
1521:
1494:
1479:
1464:
1439:
1420:
1384:
1363:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1316:NUTS of Turkey
1313:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:Main article:
1244:
1243:Neighbourhoods
1241:
1236:Main article:
1233:
1230:
1225:Main article:
1222:
1219:
1206:Main article:
1203:
1200:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
909:Afyonkarahisar
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
776:Main article:
773:
770:
769:
768:
767:
766:
765:
764:
761:Neighbourhoods
758:
752:
687:
686:
684:
683:
676:
669:
661:
658:
657:
655:
654:
648:
635:
634:
630:
629:
624:
623:
622:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
597:
596:
594:
593:
588:
583:
577:
572:
571:
570:
560:
553:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
526:
525:
520:
513:
512:
511:
510:
490:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
471:
470:
469:
468:
467:
465:
464:
459:
454:
448:
441:
440:
439:
437:
436:
431:
426:
420:
413:
412:
411:
409:
408:
403:
398:
392:
385:
384:
383:
381:
380:
375:
370:
364:
354:
349:
344:
338:
333:
332:
329:
328:
324:
323:
322:
321:
310:
309:
308:
297:
296:
295:
284:
283:
282:
270:
269:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
250:
245:
240:
239:
238:
223:
222:
221:
214:Vice President
211:
210:
209:
193:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
174:
173:
172:
167:
160:
158:
157:
156:
147:
138:
133:
132:
129:
128:
124:
123:
122:
121:
111:
106:
100:
99:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
77:
76:
71:
64:
63:
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3648:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Faroe Islands
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:South Ossetia
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:Liechtenstein
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:South Ossetia
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2807:
2806:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Air pollution
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:Aegean Region
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Turkification
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:Classical Age
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:Seljuk Empire
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1410:on 2017-01-14
1406:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1242:
1239:
1231:
1228:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
779:
771:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
746:
745:
742:
741:
740:
737:
736:
735:
733:
732:
727:
725:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
700:
697:
693:
682:
677:
675:
670:
668:
663:
662:
660:
659:
653:
650:
649:
647:
637:
636:
628:
625:
621:
618:
617:
616:
613:
612:
605:
604:
592:
591:Customs Union
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
576:
575:
573:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
558:
557:organizations
552:
551:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
508:
504:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
483:
482:
475:
472:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
447:
446:
445:
442:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
419:
418:
417:
414:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
391:
390:
389:
386:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
361:
360:Parliamentary
358:
357:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
336:
331:
330:
320:
316:
315:
314:
311:
307:
303:
302:
301:
298:
294:
293:Mehmet Akarca
290:
289:
288:
285:
281:
277:
276:
275:
272:
271:
267:
262:
261:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
237:
234:
233:
231:
227:
224:
220:
219:Cevdet Yılmaz
217:
216:
215:
212:
208:
205:
204:
202:
198:
195:
194:
191:
186:
185:
178:
175:
170:
166:
165:
163:
159:
154:
150:
146:
145:
144:(Parliament)
143:
140:
139:
136:
131:
130:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
97:
92:
91:
88:
87:
83:
79:
78:
74:
69:
60:
55:
51:
47:
46:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3547:Transnistria
3498:
3152:Dependencies
3082:Turkmenistan
3076:
3047:Saudi Arabia
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2640:Illumination
2576:Architecture
2504:Human rights
2492:Universities
2410:Ethnic Kurds
2397:Demographics
2308:Construction
2221:
1592:
1570:
1556:
1542:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1508:the original
1497:
1482:
1467:
1412:. Retrieved
1405:the original
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1347:the original
1342:
1330:
751:(semi-rural)
729:
728:
716:
701:
690:
627:Armed Forces
388:Presidential
280:Zühtü Arslan
114:Human rights
96:Constitution
58:
43:
26:
3585:Isle of Man
3520:recognition
3494:Switzerland
3429:Netherlands
3211:Asia portal
3112:States with
3032:Philippines
2972:South Korea
2967:North Korea
2862:Afghanistan
2793:WikiProject
2724:Video games
2516:Individuals
2509:LGBT rights
2499:Health care
2466:Immigration
2247:Gendarmerie
2206:Referendums
2122:Legislative
2019:Earthquakes
1904:Oghuz Turks
1793:Dissolution
1584:Daily Sabah
1514:14 December
546:Visa policy
503:Hakan Fidan
317:President:
306:Metin Yener
304:President:
291:President:
278:President:
135:Legislature
119:LGBT rights
3610:Categories
3464:San Marino
3424:Montenegro
3404:Luxembourg
3384:Kazakhstan
3287:Azerbaijan
3092:Uzbekistan
3067:Tajikistan
2982:Kyrgyzstan
2962:Kazakhstan
2882:Bangladesh
2872:Azerbaijan
2665:Newspapers
2650:Literature
2630:Folk dance
2531:Corruption
2415:Minorities
2343:Renewables
2298:Automotive
2107:Government
1838:Secularism
1414:2016-12-14
1401:World Bank
1322:References
1144:Diyarbakır
794:Kırklareli
444:Referendum
319:Zeki Yiğit
243:Ministries
169:Özgür Özel
109:Secularism
3575:Gibraltar
3399:Lithuania
3178:Hong Kong
3132:Palestine
3057:Sri Lanka
3052:Singapore
2932:Indonesia
2719:TV series
2677:Miniature
2620:Festivals
2536:Terrorism
2487:Education
2420:Languages
2264:Air Force
2179:Elections
2127:Executive
2073:Mountains
1940:Geography
1859:Overviews
1798:Partition
1764:Tulip era
1356:14 August
1202:Districts
1084:Gümüşhane
1074:Şanlıurfa
1064:Gaziantep
969:Kastamonu
949:Kırıkkale
864:Eskişehir
849:Zonguldak
814:Balıkesir
809:Çanakkale
772:Provinces
744:Districts
739:Provinces
708:districts
704:provinces
586:relations
581:Accession
335:Elections
266:Judiciary
253:Governors
197:President
190:Executive
3595:Svalbard
3580:Guernsey
3527:Abkhazia
3479:Slovenia
3474:Slovakia
3449:Portugal
3307:Bulgaria
3201:Category
3122:Abkhazia
3072:Thailand
3027:Pakistan
3007:Mongolia
3002:Maldives
2997:Malaysia
2897:Cambodia
2769:Category
2707:Football
2692:Painting
2635:Folklore
2543:Marriage
2449:Istanbul
2432:Religion
2385:Railways
2375:Aviation
2313:Currency
2171:Politics
2139:Judicial
2115:Branches
2093:Wildlife
1883:Military
1871:Economic
1776:Tanzimat
1377:9 August
1254:See also
1232:Villages
1079:Adıyaman
1054:Erzincan
1014:K. Maraş
1009:Osmaniye
989:Nevşehir
944:Kırşehir
829:Istanbul
804:Tekirdağ
755:Villages
608:See also
536:Passport
499:Minister
3504:Ukraine
3454:Romania
3414:Moldova
3372:Ireland
3367:Iceland
3362:Hungary
3352:Germany
3347:Georgia
3337:Finland
3332:Estonia
3327:Denmark
3312:Croatia
3297:Belgium
3292:Belarus
3282:Austria
3277:Armenia
3272:Andorra
3267:Albania
3097:Vietnam
3012:Myanmar
2992:Lebanon
2922:Georgia
2877:Bahrain
2867:Armenia
2805:Outline
2781:Commons
2714:Theater
2697:Pottery
2613:Ottoman
2608:Cuisine
2586:Ottoman
2563:Culture
2548:Poverty
2480:Society
2365:Tourism
2318:Defense
2290:Economy
2132:Cabinet
2063:Geology
2007:Climate
1949:Regions
1876:Ottoman
1694:Beyliks
1690:Seljuks
1655:History
1249:mahalle
1189:Hakkâri
1134:Tunceli
1114:Ardahan
1104:Erzurum
1099:Bayburt
1089:Trabzon
1059:Malatya
1049:Giresun
1019:Kayseri
959:Karabük
954:Çankırı
939:Aksaray
934:Karaman
919:Antalya
914:Isparta
894:Denizli
869:Kütahya
859:Bilecik
839:Sakarya
834:Kocaeli
763:(urban)
757:(rural)
712:regions
696:unitary
615:History
226:Cabinet
149:Speaker
104:History
54:Discuss
3590:Jersey
3532:Kosovo
3499:Turkey
3489:Sweden
3469:Serbia
3459:Russia
3444:Poland
3439:Norway
3419:Monaco
3389:Latvia
3357:Greece
3342:France
3317:Cyprus
3142:Taiwan
3077:Turkey
3042:Russia
2977:Kuwait
2957:Jordan
2947:Israel
2907:Cyprus
2892:Brunei
2887:Bhutan
2757:Portal
2702:Sports
2603:Cinema
2598:Carpet
2581:Seljuk
2571:Anthem
2454:Ankara
2323:Energy
2215:Topics
2083:Rivers
2000:Topics
1892:Topics
1647:Turkey
1174:Bingöl
1169:Bitlis
1164:Şırnak
1154:Batman
1149:Mardin
1139:Elazığ
1109:Artvin
1039:Samsun
1034:Amasya
984:Yozgat
964:Bartın
929:Mersin
899:Burdur
874:Manisa
824:Yalova
799:Edirne
789:Ankara
731:Turkey
719:Ankara
694:has a
692:Turkey
50:merged
3565:Åland
3484:Spain
3409:Malta
3379:Italy
3183:Macau
3102:Yemen
3062:Syria
3037:Qatar
3017:Nepal
2952:Japan
2927:India
2917:Egypt
2902:China
2687:Names
2682:Music
2655:Media
2526:Crime
2459:İzmir
2068:Lakes
2053:Fauna
1455:(PDF)
1408:(PDF)
1397:(PDF)
1350:(PDF)
1339:(PDF)
1227:belde
1221:Towns
1159:Siirt
1129:Iğdır
1069:Kilis
1029:Tokat
1024:Sivas
1004:Hatay
999:Adana
994:Niğde
979:Çorum
974:Sinop
924:Konya
889:Muğla
884:Aydın
879:İzmir
844:Düzce
819:Bursa
749:Belde
416:Local
3022:Oman
2987:Laos
2942:Iraq
2937:Iran
2729:Wine
2625:Flag
2328:Coal
2274:Navy
2269:Land
1737:Rise
1692:and
1516:2016
1379:2014
1358:2014
1124:Ağrı
1119:Kars
1094:Rize
1044:Ordu
904:Uşak
854:Bolu
507:list
462:2017
457:2010
452:2007
434:2024
429:2019
424:2014
406:2023
401:2018
396:2014
378:2023
373:2018
368:2015
230:list
201:list
3154:and
2593:Art
2338:Oil
2333:Gas
1238:köy
1184:Van
1179:Muş
48:be
3612::
2660:TV
1582:.
1532:.
1457:.
1442:^
1423:^
1399:.
1341:.
501::
232:)
203:)
151::
3245:e
3238:t
3231:v
2840:e
2833:t
2826:v
1632:e
1625:t
1618:v
1586:.
1518:.
1461:.
1417:.
1381:.
1360:.
680:e
673:t
666:v
509:)
505:(
228:(
199:(
56:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
