1495:. The ILO estimated that by 1998, the figure had declined to 70–80 percent. By 2008 the government claimed that the percentage was significantly lower. The services sector, which included a government workforce that grew about 10 percent a year in the 1970s, emerged as the second largest area of activity, encompassing an estimated 13–22 percent of those economically active in 1998, compared with 4.6 percent in 1955–56. The industry sector, including manufacturing, mining, electric power, and construction, accounted for 7–9 percent during 1998, compared to 5.6 percent in 1955–56. The proportions of the labor force in each of these sectors undoubtedly changed after the estimates were made in 1998, as the relative importance of these sectors altered in the succeeding years. It was difficult to determine the extent of the changes, however, as despite the oil sector's great importance, it did not directly employ many people. Its impact on employment occurred as a result of the increased spending allowed to the government, which created new jobs, often in the public sector.
1539:
the
Abduction of Women and Children, which resulted in the identification and release of several hundred abductees, but the government did not police the laws on forced and bonded labor effectively. In November 2001, the government announced the establishment of special civilian tribunals in the border regions separating the South and the North of the country to prosecute persons involved in the abduction, transport, holding, and selling or exchanging of women and children from war zones. Even so, as late as 2010, the Committee surmised that possibly 10,000 or more abductees from groups such as the Misiriyyah and Rizayqat as well as South Sudanese were engaged in some form of forced labor in the border regions.
1057:
709:
645:
3378:
723:
631:
1548:
1741:
737:
659:
863:
839:
571:
563:
1570:
35:
765:
751:
912:
819:
680:
602:
507:
332:
324:
259:
251:
233:
797:
471:
144:
3250:
3199:
3085:
1373:
The mining industry contributed little to GDP until the discovery of commercially exploitable quantities of petroleum in the late 1970s offered hope that the sector would play an increased role in the economy in the future. Nonhydrocarbon minerals of actual or potential commercial value include gold,
1274:
resources, and exploration has started extensively for gold, of which is produced nearly 30 tons annually providing a great boost to the foreign exchange reserves of the nation, with the participation of many investment companies from all over the world. Quantities of asbestos, chromium, mica, kaolin
1257:
consists of agricultural processing, electronics assembly, plastics manufacturing, furniture, tanning, sugar production, meat processing and various light industries located in any of the 10 Industrial areas in
Khartoum. Due to the many countries depending on Sudan for medicines and medical services,
1503:
The minimum working age in the early 2000s was 18 in theory; however, the law was not enforced, and some 27 percent of
Sudanese children aged 10 to 14 were estimated to be in the labor force. For example, children as young as 11 or 12 years of age worked in a number of factories outside the capital
1538:
persisted, particularly affecting women and children, and that the seizure and sale of women as domestic servants continued. All sides in the
Sudanese conflict also conscripted men and boys forcibly into their fighting forces. In May 1998, the government formed the Committee for the Eradication of
1297:
region and commercial quantities of oil began to be exported in
October 2000, reducing Sudan's outflow of foreign exchange for imported petroleum products. Today, oil is an important export industry in Sudan. Estimates suggest that oil accounts for between 70% and 90% of Sudan's total exports. The
1152:
state are underway in order to make Sudan food self-sufficient. Sudan is one of the world's potential breadbaskets and Sudan is nicknamed as the Arab world food basket as it accounts for 45% of arable land in the Arab world. In 1998 there was an estimated 16.9 million ha (42 million
1130:
countries. However, Sudan remains a net importer of food. Problems of investment finance, production and transportation remain the greatest constraints to a more dynamic agricultural economy. A major problem which has been growing for decades is the continual loss of open lands previously used for
1036:
An economic reform plan was announced in 1989 and began implementing a 3-year economic restructuring program designed to reduce the public sector deficit, end subsidies, privatize state enterprises, and encourage new foreign and domestic investment. In 1993, the IMF suspended Sudan's voting rights
1032:
However, as Sudan became the world's largest debtor to the World Bank and
International Monetary Fund by 1993, its relationship with the international financial institutions soured in the mid-1990s and has yet to be fully rehabilitated. The government fell out of compliance with an IMF standby
1465:
in the cities. In addition, more than 2 million people from the South migrated to the North over the years, as a result of the civil war and famines in these areas. In 2009 the government estimated unemployment at about 20 percent, perhaps not an accurate figure, because a large proportion of
1478:
Agriculture was formerly the predominant activity in Sudan, although its share of the labor force gradually declined as other sectors of economic activity expanded. In the 1955–56 census, almost 86 percent of those then considered as part of the workforce were involved in agriculture,
3350:
2458:
1803:
13067. The U.S. believed the
Government of Sudan gave support to international terrorism, destabilized neighboring governments, and permitted human rights violations. A consequence of the embargo is that U.S. corporations cannot invest in the Sudan oil industry, so companies in
2494:
1016:
During the late 1970s and to 1980s, the IMF, World Bank, and key donors worked closely to promote reforms to counter the effect of inefficient economic policies and practices. By 1984, a combination of factors, including drought, inflation, and confused application of
1021:, reduced donor disbursements and capital flight led to a serious foreign-exchange crisis and increased shortages of imported inputs and commodities. More significantly, the 1989 revolution caused many donors in Europe, the U.S., and Canada to suspend official
1258:
Sudan is now concentrating on becoming a hub for the medical industry in East Africa, providing facilities and concessions for medical investments and succeeding in covering about 70% of needs and exporting to many neighboring nations. In recent years, the
997:
Current GDP per capita of Sudan grew 46% in the 1960s, reaching a peak growth of 170% in the 1970s. But this proved unsustainable and growth consequently scaled back to 34% in the 1980s. Finally, it shrank by 26% in the 1990s.
1709:
grid. Various projects are proposed to expand hydro-power, thermal generation, and other sources of energy, but so far the government has had difficulty arranging sufficient financing. A new dam which is being established in
1516:. The Child Act of 2010, among other laws, governed hours and working conditions of young people, but the law was not effectively enforced, particularly in the informal sector, where enforcement was especially difficult.
2893:
2876:
1037:
and the World Bank suspended Sudan's right to make withdrawals under effective and fully disbursed loans and credits. Lome Funds and EU agricultural credits, totaling more than one billion euros, also were suspended.
942:
is largely based on agriculture and oil exports, with additional revenue coming from mining and manufacturing. GDP growth registered more than 10% per year in 2006 and 2007. Sudan had $ 30.873 billion by
1665:-growing region. A modest effort to upgrade rail transport is currently underway to reverse decades of neglect and declining efficiency. Service on some lines may be interrupted during the rainy season.
966:
ensure much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years. The problem remains, despite rapid rises in average per capita income. In
January 2007, the government introduced a new
1430:. By 2000, the total labor force of Sudan had grown to an estimated 12 million, of which the government counted 9.6 million as actively employed. Approximately 30 percent of the workforce was female.
1005:. However, commodity prices declined throughout the 1970s causing economic problems for Sudan. At the same time, debt servicing costs, from the money spent mechanizing agriculture, rose. In 1978 the
1851:(OPEC) nations traditionally have supplied most of Sudan's economic assistance. Sudan's role as an economic link between Arab and African countries is reflected by the presence in Khartoum of the
2862:
1001:
Until the early 1970s Sudan's agricultural output was mostly dedicated to internal consumption. In 1972 the
Sudanese government became more pro-Western, and made plans to export food and
2366:
1153:
acres) of arable land and approximately 1.9 million ha (4.7 million acres) set aside for irrigation, primarily in the north of the country along the banks of the
3690:
3547:
587:
oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly, and milling.
1351:
upgraded the
Khartoum refinery, doubling its capacity to 100,000 barrels per day (16,000 m/d). Oil from the Melud Basin is known as "Dar Blend" and is refined at the
3567:
3060:
2992:
3587:
1266:
state introduced the assembly of small autos and trucks, and some heavy military equipment such as armored personnel carriers and the “Bashir” and "Zubair" main battle
1239:. Cotton is the principal export crop and an integral part of the country's economy and Sudan is the world's third largest producer of sesame after India and China.
4601:
4371:
1445:
that spread throughout Sudan in the 1980s. In 1983–84, for example, several million people migrated from the worst-hit areas in both Western and Eastern Sudan to
1848:
351:
3680:
1852:
1403:, large numbers of women and girls engage in traditional productive occupations, but many probably are not included in calculations of the active workforce.
486:
479:
3445:
4710:
1013:
with the government. This further promoted the mechanized export agriculture sector. This caused great economic problems for the pastoralists of Sudan.
951:(IMF) to implement macroeconomic reforms, including a managed float of the exchange rate. Sudan began exporting crude oil in the last quarter of 1999.
3303:
356:
4516:
4222:
3956:
3290:
Though published in 2015, this work covers events in the whole of Sudan (including present-day South Sudan) until the 2011 secession of South Sudan.
3239:
Though published in 2015, this work covers events in the whole of Sudan (including present-day South Sudan) until the 2011 secession of South Sudan.
3125:
Though published in 2015, this work covers events in the whole of Sudan (including present-day South Sudan) until the 2011 secession of South Sudan.
2852:
183:
1033:
program and accumulated substantial arrearages on repurchase obligations. A 4-year economic reform plan was announced in 1988 but was not pursued.
4720:
4356:
2826:
4293:
3685:
3660:
3410:
2805:
2780:
1636:
3602:
2943:
3283:
3232:
3118:
1426:, leaving many of their possessions behind. Sudan's support of Iraq was also a factor in the departure of thousands of Sudanese workers from
809:
4376:
3941:
3577:
3532:
2697:
2665:
1374:
chrome, copper, iron ore, manganese, asbestos, gypsum, mica, limestone, marble, uranium, silver, lead, talc, tungsten, zinc, and diamonds.
1348:
853:
2395:
4715:
1148:
Sudan has 84 million hectares of arable land and less than 20% is cultivated. Major agricultural projects such as the Gezera Scheme in
4093:
280:
3537:
3487:
1407:
118:
52:
1324:, formerly part of Sudanese territory, are linked to the country's refineries via pipelines. The two largest oil pipelines are the
3582:
3460:
2337:
1092:
is grown for domestic consumption. Sesame seeds and peanuts are cultivated for domestic consumption and increasingly for export.
1270:
as well as handguns, light and heavy machine guns and howitzers and, recently, drone production. Sudan is reputed to have great
3946:
3557:
3517:
3480:
1800:
1344:
535:
380:
99:
3597:
3572:
3542:
3527:
3512:
3502:
3497:
3057:
3019:
2989:
2968:
1084:. Although the country is trying to diversify its cash crops, cotton and peanuts remain its major agricultural exports. Grain
4165:
2747:
541:
386:
285:
71:
56:
954:
Agricultural production remains important, because it employs 80% of the work force and contributes a third of the GDP. The
4627:
2686:
1582:
1010:
529:
374:
3368:
4391:
3936:
3507:
3440:
78:
2718:
1056:
962:(1983–2005) in the south, the lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and a reliance by much of the population on
4674:
4670:
4030:
2549:
2466:
2374:
1284:
1006:
948:
3886:
2599:
2570:
2424:
4286:
3999:
3901:
3562:
3403:
1786:
1171:, which is of primary importance to the economy with 172,000 tons and 131,000 tons produced annually respectively,
85:
45:
4705:
4683:
3695:
3522:
3271:
3220:
3106:
1325:
992:
976:
959:
902:
872:
782:
3707:
4431:
3665:
3492:
2694:
2662:
1698:
economic, trade, and financial sanctions regime, are the most likely providers of technology for this purpose.
1368:
1355:, which has a capacity of 21,700 barrels per day (3,450 m/d). In 2005, the Sudanese government contracted
67:
4666:
4541:
4531:
4336:
4140:
4088:
4071:
3951:
3845:
3715:
3645:
1578:
1467:
963:
460:
263:
3325:
3300:
4546:
4436:
4366:
4200:
3871:
3787:
3670:
3592:
2342:
1776:
1683:
1254:
1248:
1132:
944:
241:
4606:
4526:
4491:
4476:
4461:
4416:
4351:
4279:
4170:
4110:
4078:
3992:
3931:
3926:
3906:
3881:
3640:
3396:
2801:
2776:
1383:
4657:
4025:
3040:
2830:
693:
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines, chemicals, textiles, wheat
4135:
1340:
pipeline, which extends 1,380 kilometres from the Palogue oil field in the Melut Basin to Port Sudan.
4481:
4227:
4175:
3982:
3910:
3720:
3475:
1780:
1051:
923:
728:
636:
405:
3635:
1530:
The 1998 constitution prohibited forced and bonded labor, although it did not specifically prohibit
4581:
4556:
4406:
4401:
4381:
4346:
4331:
4207:
3920:
3891:
3275:
3224:
3110:
2939:
1352:
1184:
4653:
4644:
4635:
4566:
4536:
4521:
4506:
4496:
4486:
4451:
4446:
4396:
4341:
4316:
4130:
4105:
4083:
4035:
3896:
3840:
3650:
3618:
3003:, October, p. 1. Retrieved on 6 March 2007. (Estimates that oil accounts for 90% of all exports.)
2910:
1868:
1727:
1659:
1564:
1149:
210:
1547:
1508:. Child labor was widespread in the informal economy, and children traditionally worked on the
4576:
4571:
4511:
4466:
4426:
4321:
4302:
4185:
4120:
4115:
4066:
4061:
3916:
3859:
3655:
3279:
3228:
3114:
1531:
1294:
1263:
420:
92:
4631:
4501:
4456:
4441:
4421:
4411:
4386:
4326:
4251:
4157:
4125:
4049:
3987:
3876:
3827:
3797:
3747:
3630:
3455:
3450:
3428:
2347:
1731:
1525:
1480:
1462:
1026:
442:
1418:, which resulted in the return home of thousands of Sudanese workers who had been based in
4561:
4471:
4361:
4190:
4180:
4100:
4012:
3752:
3734:
3675:
3307:
3064:
3023:
2996:
2972:
2545:
1792:
1679:
The chief sources of energy in 2010 were wood and charcoal, hydroelectric power, and oil.
1674:
1628:
1458:
1192:
1022:
2628:
4260:
4232:
4217:
4212:
4147:
4017:
4004:
3812:
3782:
3772:
3757:
1824:
1723:
1298:
primary importers of Sudanese oil are Japan, China, South Korea, Indonesia, and India.
980:
972:
968:
615:
gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, peanuts, gum Arabic, sugar
154:
2979:, April. Retrieved on 6 March 2008. (Estimates that oil comprises 70% of all exports.)
1740:
1569:
1293:
exploration first began in Sudan in the mid-1970s. Significant finds were made in the
4699:
4195:
3822:
3792:
3767:
3552:
3470:
3465:
3382:
3254:
3203:
3089:
2857:
1820:
1796:
1711:
1695:
1687:
1599:
that serve the northern and central portions of the country. The main line runs from
1512:
from a young age. Sudan did not adhere to ILO Convention no. 182, the Worst Forms of
1321:
1188:
955:
829:
179:
3807:
3802:
3777:
3742:
3016:
2965:
1840:
1702:
1624:
1620:
1592:
1513:
1438:
1427:
1411:
1302:
1123:
1103:
1065:
742:
664:
3260:
3209:
3095:
1395:
is difficult to determine because of the various definitions of participation in
3817:
3762:
1828:
1509:
1505:
1454:
1317:
1306:
187:
163:
34:
17:
1343:
Crude oil from the Muglad Basin is known as "Nile Blend" and is refined at the
2755:
2726:
2607:
2578:
2432:
2403:
1856:
1655:
1651:
1632:
1612:
1600:
1400:
1329:
1309:
1168:
1160:
1077:
1799:
against Sudan and a total asset freeze against the Government of Sudan under
1406:
More than 7.9 million people were employed in Sudan in 1989, according to an
1706:
1396:
1392:
1290:
1176:
1139:
1107:
1099:
1002:
401:
2654:
1275:
and copper are now exploited commercially, especially for export to China.
1809:
1608:
1596:
1552:
1484:
1446:
1415:
1356:
1337:
1135:
1096:
1836:
1643:
1535:
1492:
1488:
1442:
1333:
1312:
in the south of the country. Oil fields in the south, such as those at
1271:
1220:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1142:
1085:
143:
2600:"Poverty headcount ratio at $ 3.20 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population)"
1873:
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2017.
2571:"Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)"
1844:
1691:
1662:
1647:
1616:
1453:. Many remained in these areas once the drought had eased, living in
1419:
1313:
1236:
1228:
1212:
1200:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1111:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1018:
191:
4271:
2748:"Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate)"
1399:
activity and the absence of accurate data from official sources. In
1714:
which has been opened in 2008 and generates 125 MW of electricity.
3419:
1832:
1813:
1805:
1604:
1588:
1568:
1546:
1389:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1089:
1055:
938:
770:
756:
714:
650:
3388:
3253:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3202:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3088:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3326:"Bin Laden Accuses West of Seeking to Steal Sudan Oil (Update3)"
3011:
3009:
1450:
1423:
1267:
1259:
1154:
4275:
3392:
1735:
1110:
production has vast potential, and many animals, particularly
195:
28:
2894:"Agriculture and livestock: Key for economic diversification"
1410:(ILO) estimate. In the early 1990s, the employment scene was
1328:, which travels 1,600 kilometres from the Unity oil field to
1577:
Two trans-African automobile routes pass through Sudan: the
1534:
in persons. Nevertheless, there were credible reports that
1163:(as of 1999) grown under irrigation in these areas include
1095:
Three main agricultural sub-sectors are active in Sudan:
2853:"Sudan's troubled east is a microcosm of a wider crisis"
1751:
3366:
1682:
Sudan is seeking to expand its installed capacity of
3324:
Andrews, Jackie; Chmaytelli, Maher (23 April 2006).
2687:"Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)"
4615:
4590:
4309:
4156:
4048:
3969:
3858:
3733:
3706:
3617:
3427:
1701:More than 70% of Sudan's hydropower comes from the
1207:. The main subsistence crops produced in Sudan are
900:
892:
884:
870:
851:
846:
826:
807:
780:
697:
687:
674:
619:
609:
596:
591:
581:
554:
520:
496:
458:
440:
416:
399:
365:
342:
313:
294:
273:
240:
227:
222:
201:
173:
161:
150:
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2911:"Sudan: The Land of Two Niles | Islamic Relief UK"
1859:had been the largest source of development loans.
1301:Most of Sudan's oil reserves are located in the
2459:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019"
4287:
3404:
2495:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2020"
2367:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019"
1849:Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
958:, the aftermath of two decades of war in the
8:
3351:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
922:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in
133:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3071:, October, p. 4. Retrieved on 6 March 2007.
4294:
4280:
4272:
4054:
3975:
3864:
3730:
3703:
3623:
3433:
3411:
3397:
3389:
3079:
3077:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2453:
2451:
2449:
947:as of 2019, and has been working with the
142:
3299:US Department of the Treasury (no date),
3056:European Coalition on Oil in Sudan 2007,
2988:European Coalition on Oil in Sudan 2007,
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
1195:(136,000 tons), tomatoes (240,000 tons),
971:, at an initial exchange rate of US$ 1 =
862:
838:
570:
562:
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
3568:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
3015:Energy Information Administration 2007,
2964:Energy Information Administration 2007,
1875:
3373:
2396:"World Bank Country and Lending Groups"
2358:
1359:to build a new refinery at Port Sudan.
1088:(dura) is the principal food crop, and
792:$ 25.47 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
2806:The Observatory of Economic Complexity
2781:The Observatory of Economic Complexity
2695:HDRO (Human Development Report Office)
2663:HDRO (Human Development Report Office)
1694:investors, considering the continuing
132:
915:$ 198 million (31 December 2017 est.)
306:−7.2% (2020e) −3.0% (2021e)
303:−2.3% (2018e) −2.5% (2019e)
254:$ 30.873 billion (nominal, 2019 est.)
7:
3578:Second Transitional Military Council
2698:United Nations Development Programme
2666:United Nations Development Programme
1686:of around 300 MW;of which 180 MW is
1658:. A 1,400-kilometer line serves the
1466:Sudanese engaged in small-scale and
1441:figures were affected by the severe
1349:China National Petroleum Corporation
57:adding citations to reliable sources
3533:First Transitional Military Council
3030:, April. Retrieved on 6 March 2008.
2946:from the original on 7 October 2008
2877:"Sudan Country Economic Memorandum"
3270:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
3219:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
3105:(5th ed.). Washington, D.C.:
2865:from the original on 8 April 2023.
1457:and contributing to unemployment,
433:41% on less than $ 3.20/day (2009)
25:
4711:Economies of developing countries
3588:2019–2021 transition to democracy
2827:"Sudan Stadistics and other info"
1853:Arab Bank for African development
1771:Trade, sanctions, and foreign aid
1408:International Labour Organisation
4602:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
4372:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3583:Transitional Sovereignty Council
3376:
3248:
3197:
3083:
3041:'Melut Basin Oil Project, Sudan'
2338:List of companies based in Sudan
1739:
1449:and other urban areas along the
911:
910:
861:
837:
818:
817:
795:
763:
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721:
707:
679:
678:
657:
643:
629:
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33:
3045:www.hydrocarbons-technology.com
3017:'Country analysis brief: Sudan'
2966:'Country analysis brief: Sudan'
2655:"Human Development Index (HDI)"
44:needs additional citations for
4721:African Union member economies
1573:The post office in Port Sudan.
796:
470:
1:
2501:. International Monetary Fund
1011:Structural Adjustment Program
3047:. Retrieved on 6 March 2008.
2719:"Labor force, total – Sudan"
1581:from north to south and the
822:−$ 4.811 billion (2017 est.)
513:41.1% employment rate (2011)
3266:. In Berry, LaVerle (ed.).
3259:DeLancey, Virginia (2015).
3215:. In Berry, LaVerle (ed.).
3208:DeLancey, Virginia (2015).
3101:. In Berry, LaVerle (ed.).
3094:DeLancey, Virginia (2015).
2550:Central Intelligence Agency
2467:International Monetary Fund
2375:International Monetary Fund
1345:Khartoum crude oil refinery
1285:Petroleum industry in Sudan
1007:International Monetary Fund
949:International Monetary Fund
880:−10.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
842:$ 56.05 billion (2017 est.)
215:Lower-middle income economy
4737:
4716:Economy of the Arab League
3446:Pre-independence governors
2802:"Import partners of Sudan"
2777:"Export partners of Sudan"
2400:datahelpdesk.worldbank.org
1866:
1787:Foreign relations of Sudan
1784:
1774:
1721:
1672:
1583:N'Djamena-Djibouti Highway
1562:
1523:
1381:
1366:
1282:
1246:
1049:
990:
683:$ 8.22 billion (2017 est.)
522:Labour force by occupation
327:$ 714 (nominal, 2019 est.)
4245:
4057:
3978:
3867:
3626:
3476:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
3436:
3272:Federal Research Division
3221:Federal Research Division
3107:Federal Research Division
3063:13 September 2008 at the
2995:13 September 2008 at the
2629:"Income Gini coefficient"
1816:are the major investors.
1326:Greater Nile Oil Pipeline
993:Economic history of Sudan
960:Second Sudanese Civil War
919:
896:13.36 billion (2017 est.)
866:121.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
605:$ 4.1 billion (2017 est.)
141:
4357:Central African Republic
2942:. Nations Encyclopedia.
1791:On 3 November 1997, the
1591:has 4,725 kilometers of
1369:Mining industry of Sudan
888:8.48 billion (2017 est.)
335:$ 4,072 (PPP, 2019 est.)
3518:National Reconciliation
1897:(in Bil. US$ nominal)
1579:Cairo-Cape Town Highway
1468:subsistence agriculture
1461:, or employment in the
1260:Giad Industrial Complex
977:least developed country
964:subsistence agriculture
461:Human Development Index
430:46.5% in poverty (2009)
3558:United Nations Mission
3268:Sudan: a country study
3217:Sudan: a country study
3103:Sudan: a country study
2343:Foreign trade of Sudan
1777:Foreign trade of Sudan
1748:This section is empty.
1690:and the rest thermal.
1684:electricity generation
1574:
1555:
1336:via Khartoum, and the
1255:industrial development
1249:Manufacturing in Sudan
1064:Primary resources are
1061:
1023:development assistance
945:gross domestic product
4517:São Tomé and Príncipe
4377:Republic of the Congo
3932:Native administration
3538:Coalitions/Bashir Era
3451:Pre and early history
3306:25 April 2006 at the
3022:13 March 2008 at the
2971:13 March 2008 at the
1623:, with extensions to
1572:
1550:
1474:Labor force by sector
1416:1991 Persian Gulf War
1384:Labor unions in Sudan
1106:and fish production.
1059:
352:173rd (nominal, 2019)
3278:. pp. 192–196.
3227:. pp. 164–166.
3113:. pp. 196–197.
2546:"The World Factbook"
1911:(Percentage of GDP)
1863:Macro-economic trend
1781:Foreign aid to Sudan
1718:Currency and banking
1642:Other lines connect
1052:Agriculture in Sudan
975:2. Sudan is still a
699:Main import partners
621:Main export partners
281:98th (nominal, 2019)
53:improve this article
4592:States with limited
3691:Non-marine molluscs
3276:Library of Congress
3225:Library of Congress
3111:Library of Congress
2940:"Sudan Agriculture"
2425:"Population, total"
1885:(in Bil. US$ PPP)
1585:from west to east.
1353:Port Sudan Refinery
1009:(IMF) negotiated a
344:GDP per capita rank
262:$ 175.228 billion (
211:Developing/Emerging
175:Trade organisations
138:
4303:Economy of Africa
4031:Telecommunications
3466:Turkish occupation
3069:www.ecosonline.org
3001:www.ecosonline.org
2861:. 5 January 2023.
2752:data.worldbank.org
2723:data.worldbank.org
2604:data.worldbank.org
2575:data.worldbank.org
2429:data.worldbank.org
1869:Inflation in Sudan
1819:Historically, the
1728:Inflation in Sudan
1654:, and Sannar with
1575:
1565:Transport in Sudan
1556:
1215:(1,499,000 tons),
1211:(3,045,000 tons),
1179:(5,950,000 tons),
1157:and other rivers.
1131:animal grazing to
1122:, are exported to
1062:
68:"Economy of Sudan"
4693:
4692:
4619:other territories
4392:Equatorial Guinea
4269:
4268:
4241:
4240:
4044:
4043:
4007:(former currency)
3965:
3964:
3902:Foreign relations
3854:
3853:
3836:
3835:
3729:
3728:
3708:Natural disasters
3613:
3612:
3598:October 2021 coup
3563:Nomadic conflicts
3488:Independent Sudan
3301:'Sudan sanctions'
3285:978-0-8444-0750-0
3234:978-0-8444-0750-0
3120:978-0-8444-0750-0
3058:'ECOS Fact Sheet'
2990:'ECOS Fact Sheet'
2913:. 19 October 2020
2329:
2328:
1768:
1767:
1611:and southwest to
1481:livestock raising
1060:A Sudanese farmer
932:
931:
574:19.6% (2017 est.)
566:25.0% (2020 est.)
510:12,064,673 (2019)
418:Population below
412:81.3% (2020 est.)
357:138th (PPP, 2018)
236:41,801,533 (2018)
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
4728:
4706:Economy of Sudan
4680:
4679:(United Kingdom)
4675:Tristan da Cunha
4671:Ascension Island
4663:
4650:
4641:
4617:Dependencies and
4310:Sovereign states
4296:
4289:
4282:
4273:
4254:
4055:
4021:
4008:
3976:
3865:
3731:
3704:
3624:
3523:Second Civil War
3434:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3265:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3214:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3126:
3124:
3100:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3072:
3054:
3048:
3039:Anon (no date),
3037:
3031:
3013:
3004:
2986:
2980:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2936:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2829:. Archived from
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2542:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2455:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2363:
2348:Tourism in Sudan
1876:
1763:
1760:
1750:You can help by
1743:
1736:
1732:Banking in Sudan
1526:Slavery in Sudan
1219:(168,000 tons),
1187:(176,000 tons),
1183:(980,000 tons),
1175:(220,000 tons),
1027:humanitarian aid
914:
913:
905:
904:Foreign reserves
875:
865:
864:
856:
841:
840:
832:
821:
820:
812:
799:
798:
769:
767:
766:
755:
753:
752:
741:
739:
738:
727:
725:
724:
713:
711:
710:
682:
681:
663:
661:
660:
649:
647:
646:
635:
633:
632:
604:
603:
573:
572:
565:
564:
509:
508:
477:
473:
472:
453:
445:
444:Gini coefficient
423:
334:
333:
326:
325:
286:73rd (PPP, 2019)
261:
260:
253:
252:
235:
234:
146:
139:
137:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
18:Sudanese economy
4736:
4735:
4731:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4678:
4661:
4648:
4639:
4620:
4618:
4611:
4595:
4593:
4586:
4305:
4300:
4270:
4265:
4257:
4250:
4237:
4152:
4040:
4019:
4006:
3961:
3957:State Governors
3850:
3832:
3725:
3702:
3609:
3493:First Civil War
3423:
3417:
3387:
3377:
3375:
3367:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3308:Wayback Machine
3298:
3294:
3286:
3263:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3235:
3212:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3129:
3121:
3098:
3093:
3084:
3082:
3075:
3065:Wayback Machine
3055:
3051:
3038:
3034:
3028:www.eia.doe.gov
3024:Wayback Machine
3014:
3007:
2997:Wayback Machine
2987:
2983:
2977:www.eia.doe.gov
2973:Wayback Machine
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2457:
2456:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2334:
1910:
1909:Government debt
1906:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1871:
1865:
1801:Executive Order
1793:U.S. government
1789:
1783:
1775:Main articles:
1773:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1734:
1722:Main articles:
1720:
1677:
1675:Energy in Sudan
1671:
1629:Southern Darfur
1595:, single-track
1567:
1561:
1545:
1528:
1522:
1501:
1476:
1463:informal sector
1459:underemployment
1436:
1386:
1380:
1371:
1365:
1347:. In 2006, the
1287:
1281:
1251:
1245:
1054:
1048:
1043:
995:
989:
934:
928:
907:
903:
877:
873:
858:
855:Government debt
854:
847:Public finances
834:
830:
814:
811:Current account
810:
803:
786:
776:
764:
762:
750:
748:
736:
734:
722:
720:
708:
706:
700:
690:
670:
658:
656:
644:
642:
630:
628:
622:
612:
584:
583:Main industries
577:
550:
523:
516:
499:
492:
475:
463:
451:
447:
443:
436:
424:
419:
409:
395:
368:
361:
345:
338:
316:
309:
297:
290:
269:
218:
204:
176:
166:
135:
125:
114:
108:
105:
62:
60:
50:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4734:
4732:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4698:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:Western Sahara
4681:
4664:
4651:
4642:
4628:Canary Islands
4624:
4623:
4621:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4276:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4255:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4141:Public toilets
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4072:Child marriage
4069:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4015:
4010:
4002:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3952:Vice President
3949:
3944:
3942:Prime Minister
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3921:September Laws
3914:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:South Kordofan
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:North Kordofan
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3758:Central Darfur
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3716:Climate change
3712:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:2023 Civil war
3600:
3595:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3513:Communist coup
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422: articles
3418:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3386:
3385:
3364:
3363:
3342:
3316:
3292:
3284:
3241:
3233:
3127:
3119:
3073:
3049:
3032:
3005:
2981:
2957:
2924:
2902:
2885:
2868:
2844:
2818:
2793:
2768:
2739:
2710:
2678:
2646:
2620:
2591:
2562:
2512:
2479:
2445:
2416:
2387:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
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2288:
2285:
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2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:
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2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:(10.6) %
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1905:Inflation, CPI
1903:
1898:
1892:
1891:(in US$ PPP)
1888:GDP per capita
1886:
1880:
1864:
1861:
1825:United Kingdom
1772:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1746:
1744:
1724:Sudanese pound
1719:
1716:
1673:Main article:
1670:
1667:
1637:Bahr al Ghazal
1563:Main article:
1560:
1557:
1544:
1543:Infrastructure
1541:
1524:Main article:
1521:
1518:
1504:that produced
1500:
1497:
1475:
1472:
1435:
1432:
1379:
1376:
1367:Main article:
1364:
1361:
1318:South Sudanese
1283:Main article:
1280:
1277:
1253:Sudan's rapid
1247:Main article:
1244:
1241:
1235:(65,000), and
1050:Main article:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
991:Main article:
988:
985:
981:United Nations
969:Sudanese pound
930:
929:
920:
917:
916:
908:
901:
898:
897:
894:
890:
889:
886:
882:
881:
878:
874:Budget balance
871:
868:
867:
859:
852:
849:
848:
844:
843:
835:
827:
824:
823:
815:
808:
805:
804:
802:
801:
793:
789:
787:
781:
778:
777:
775:
774:
760:
746:
732:
718:
703:
701:
698:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:
676:
672:
671:
669:
668:
654:
640:
625:
623:
620:
617:
616:
613:
610:
607:
606:
598:
594:
593:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
578:
576:
575:
567:
558:
556:
552:
551:
549:
548:
545:
539:
533:
526:
524:
521:
518:
517:
515:
514:
511:
502:
500:
497:
494:
493:
491:
490:
483:
466:
464:
459:
456:
455:
448:
441:
438:
437:
435:
434:
431:
427:
425:
417:
414:
413:
410:
400:
397:
396:
394:
393:
390:
384:
378:
371:
369:
366:
363:
362:
360:
359:
354:
348:
346:
343:
340:
339:
337:
336:
328:
319:
317:
315:GDP per capita
314:
311:
310:
308:
307:
304:
300:
298:
295:
292:
291:
289:
288:
283:
277:
275:
271:
270:
268:
267:
255:
246:
244:
238:
237:
229:
225:
224:
220:
219:
217:
216:
213:
207:
205:
202:
199:
198:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
162:
159:
158:
155:Sudanese pound
152:
148:
147:
127:
126:
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4733:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4685:
4682:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4432:Guinea-Bissau
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4089:Ethnic groups
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:West Kordofan
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:Peace process
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:War in Darfur
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3384:
3374:
3370:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3312:www.treas.gov
3309:
3305:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3255:public domain
3245:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3211:
3210:"Labor Force"
3205:
3204:public domain
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3091:
3090:public domain
3080:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2858:The Economist
2854:
2848:
2845:
2833:on 4 May 2012
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:(3.7) %
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:(2.6) %
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:(1.7) %
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:United States
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1797:trade embargo
1794:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:hydroelectric
1685:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:citrus fruits
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
986:
984:
982:
979:according to
978:
974:
970:
965:
961:
957:
956:War in Darfur
952:
950:
946:
941:
940:
927:
925:
918:
909:
906:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
876:
869:
860:
857:
850:
845:
836:
833:
831:external debt
825:
816:
813:
806:
794:
791:
790:
788:
784:
779:
772:
761:
758:
747:
744:
733:
730:
719:
716:
705:
704:
702:
696:
692:
686:
677:
673:
666:
655:
652:
641:
638:
627:
626:
624:
618:
614:
608:
599:
595:
590:
586:
580:
568:
560:
559:
557:
553:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
525:
519:
512:
504:
503:
501:
495:
488:
484:
481:
468:
467:
465:
462:
457:
449:
446:
439:
432:
429:
428:
426:
422:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
372:
370:
367:GDP by sector
364:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
347:
341:
329:
321:
320:
318:
312:
305:
302:
301:
299:
293:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
276:
272:
265:
256:
248:
247:
245:
243:
239:
230:
226:
221:
214:
212:
209:
208:
206:
203:Country group
200:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
172:
169:Calendar Year
168:
165:
160:
156:
153:
149:
145:
140:
131:
123:
120:
112:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4667:Saint Helena
4638:
4551:
4542:South Africa
4532:Sierra Leone
4337:Burkina Faso
4171:Architecture
4079:Demographics
3993:Central Bank
3970:
3907:Human rights
3882:Constitution
3808:South Darfur
3778:North Darfur
3461:Islamization
3354:. Retrieved
3345:
3335:20 September
3333:. Retrieved
3329:
3319:
3311:
3295:
3267:
3244:
3216:
3102:
3068:
3052:
3044:
3035:
3027:
3000:
2984:
2976:
2960:
2948:. Retrieved
2915:. Retrieved
2905:
2888:
2871:
2856:
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2831:the original
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2751:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2722:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2691:hdr.undp.org
2690:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2659:hdr.undp.org
2658:
2649:
2637:. Retrieved
2635:. World Bank
2633:hdr.undp.org
2632:
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2603:
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2574:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2503:. Retrieved
2498:
2470:. Retrieved
2462:
2436:. Retrieved
2428:
2419:
2409:29 September
2407:. Retrieved
2399:
2390:
2380:29 September
2378:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
1872:
1847:, and other
1841:Saudi Arabia
1818:
1790:
1756:
1752:adding to it
1747:
1703:Roseires Dam
1700:
1681:
1678:
1641:
1593:narrow-gauge
1587:
1576:
1529:
1520:Forced labor
1502:
1477:
1439:Unemployment
1437:
1434:Unemployment
1428:Saudi Arabia
1405:
1388:The size of
1387:
1372:
1342:
1300:
1288:
1252:
1159:
1147:
1124:Saudi Arabia
1094:
1082:sesame seeds
1068:, including
1066:agricultural
1063:
1035:
1031:
1015:
1000:
996:
953:
936:
933:
921:
773:8.26% (2021)
743:Saudi Arabia
689:Import goods
667:6.27% (2021)
665:Saudi Arabia
611:Export goods
555:Unemployment
498:Labour force
421:poverty line
266:, 2019 est.)
130:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
4594:recognition
4547:South Sudan
4437:Ivory Coast
4228:Photography
4223:Decorations
3983:Agriculture
3911:LGBT rights
3872:Ambassadors
3818:West Darfur
3763:East Darfur
3681:Butterflies
3508:Nimeiry Era
3356:3 September
2811:15 February
2786:15 February
2761:9 September
2703:11 December
2671:11 December
2613:9 September
2584:9 September
2555:9 September
2472:16 November
2438:9 September
1829:Netherlands
1551:Highway in
1532:trafficking
1514:Child Labor
1510:family farm
1506:edible oils
1499:Child labor
1455:shantytowns
1412:exacerbated
1401:rural areas
1393:labor force
1316:and in the
1310:rift basins
1046:Agriculture
1019:Islamic law
937:economy of
547:(1998 est.)
530:agriculture
392:(2017 est.)
375:agriculture
188:Arab League
164:Fiscal year
134:Economy of
4700:Categories
4649:(Portugal)
4607:Somaliland
4527:Seychelles
4492:Mozambique
4477:Mauritania
4462:Madagascar
4417:The Gambia
4352:Cape Verde
4208:Literature
4094:minorities
4020:(currency)
3937:Parliament
3892:Corruption
3828:White Nile
3798:River Nile
3748:Al Qadarif
2756:World Bank
2732:23 January
2727:World Bank
2639:23 January
2608:World Bank
2579:World Bank
2433:World Bank
2404:World Bank
2354:References
1900:GDP growth
1867:See also:
1857:World Bank
1795:imposed a
1785:See also:
1759:March 2020
1656:Ad Damazin
1652:Port Sudan
1613:Al Ubayyid
1607:border to
1601:Wadi Halfa
1382:See also:
1378:Employment
1330:Port Sudan
1295:Upper Nile
1289:Extensive
1264:Al Jazirah
1169:cottonseed
1161:Cash crops
1133:mechanized
1126:and other
1078:gum arabic
1025:, but not
1003:cash crops
924:US dollars
800:Abroad: NA
296:GDP growth
228:Population
223:Statistics
186:(signed),
79:newspapers
4482:Mauritius
4131:Squatting
4106:Languages
4084:Education
4036:Transport
4000:Companies
3947:President
3897:Elections
3841:Districts
3753:Blue Nile
3651:Volcanoes
3641:Mountains
3619:Geography
3573:2019 coup
3543:1989 coup
3528:1985 coup
3503:1969 coup
3498:1958 coup
3330:Bloomberg
2950:30 August
1707:Blue Nile
1660:al Gezira
1597:railroads
1559:Transport
1489:fisheries
1320:state of
1291:petroleum
1279:Petroleum
1177:sugarcane
1140:irrigated
1108:Livestock
1100:livestock
402:Inflation
4673: /
4669: /
4662:(France)
4656: /
4634: /
4630: /
4582:Zimbabwe
4557:Tanzania
4407:Ethiopia
4402:Eswatini
4382:Djibouti
4347:Cameroon
4332:Botswana
4261:Category
4186:Clothing
4121:Religion
4116:Refugees
4067:Polygamy
4062:Marriage
4026:Taxation
3927:Military
3917:Islamism
3860:Politics
3788:Northern
3773:Khartoum
3696:Reptiles
3656:Wildlife
3471:Mahdiyya
3456:Medieval
3441:Timeline
3304:Archived
3261:"Energy"
3096:"Mining"
3061:Archived
3020:Archived
2993:Archived
2969:Archived
2944:Archived
2863:Archived
2505:20 April
2332:See also
1810:Malaysia
1692:European
1609:Khartoum
1605:Egyptian
1553:El-Obeid
1485:forestry
1447:Khartoum
1397:economic
1357:Petronas
1338:PetroDar
1243:Industry
1136:drylands
1104:cropping
1097:pastoral
893:Expenses
885:Revenues
592:External
542:services
536:industry
478:(2018) (
387:services
381:industry
274:GDP rank
151:Currency
109:May 2013
4658:Réunion
4654:Mayotte
4645:Madeira
4640:(Spain)
4636:Melilla
4567:Tunisia
4537:Somalia
4522:Senegal
4507:Nigeria
4497:Namibia
4487:Morocco
4452:Liberia
4447:Lesotho
4397:Eritrea
4367:Comoros
4342:Burundi
4317:Algeria
4252:Outline
4201:History
4158:Culture
4136:Toilets
4126:Slavery
4050:Society
3988:Banking
3971:Economy
3877:Cabinet
3793:Red Sea
3768:Kassala
3666:Mammals
3631:Geology
3481:History
3429:History
2499:IMF.org
2463:IMF.org
2371:IMF.org
1977:(0.9)%
1902:(real)
1837:Germany
1705:on the
1644:Atbarah
1603:on the
1536:slavery
1493:hunting
1443:drought
1414:by the
1390:Sudan's
1334:Red Sea
1332:on the
1272:mineral
1221:cowpeas
1209:sorghum
1205:tobacco
1197:mangoes
1181:peanuts
1143:farming
1086:sorghum
1074:peanuts
1041:Sectors
987:History
675:Imports
597:Exports
389:: 57.8%
377:: 39.6%
93:scholar
4677:
4660:
4647:
4577:Zambia
4572:Uganda
4512:Rwanda
4467:Malawi
4427:Guinea
4322:Angola
4191:Emblem
4181:Cinema
4166:Anthem
4101:Health
4018:Pound
4013:Energy
4005:Dinar
3846:Cities
3803:Sennar
3743:Gezira
3735:States
3721:Floods
3676:Horses
3646:Rivers
3383:Africa
3369:Portal
3282:
3257::
3231:
3206::
3117:
3092::
2917:15 May
2837:28 May
2322:32.4%
2313:4,586
2310:117.4
2299:17.8%
2290:4,496
2276:16.9%
2267:4,418
2253:36.9%
2244:4,374
2230:36.5%
2221:4,292
2207:35.4%
2198:4,265
2184:18.3%
2175:5,030
2161:13.0%
2152:4,167
2138:11.3%
2129:4,015
2115:14.3%
2106:4,199
2083:4,068
2060:3,846
2037:3,594
2014:2,619
2000:68.4%
1991:1,944
1968:1,588
1954:45.6%
1951:13.8%
1945:1,314
1931:26.5%
1922:1,168
1855:. The
1845:Kuwait
1827:, the
1823:, the
1730:, and
1712:Merowe
1669:Energy
1663:cotton
1648:Sannar
1617:Sannar
1420:Kuwait
1363:Mining
1314:Heglig
1303:Muglad
1237:barley
1229:pulses
1213:millet
1203:, and
1201:coffee
1173:sesame
1165:cotton
1150:Gezira
1120:camels
1118:, and
1080:, and
1070:cotton
828:Gross
768:
754:
740:
726:
712:
662:
648:
634:
489:(2018)
485:0.332
474:0.507
454:(2013)
452:medium
383:: 2.6%
192:COMESA
184:AfCFTA
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
4632:Ceuta
4552:Sudan
4502:Niger
4457:Libya
4442:Kenya
4422:Ghana
4412:Gabon
4387:Egypt
4327:Benin
4233:Sport
4218:Music
4213:Media
4148:Women
3887:Coups
3686:Moths
3671:Birds
3661:Fauna
3636:Lakes
3548:RCCNS
3420:Sudan
3264:(PDF)
3213:(PDF)
3099:(PDF)
2897:(PDF)
2880:(PDF)
2325:126%
2319:3.1%
2316:48.9
2307:2017
2296:3.5%
2293:64.9
2287:95.5
2284:2016
2279:117%
2273:3.0%
2270:64.5
2264:97.1
2261:2015
2250:3.2%
2247:60.7
2241:82.1
2238:2014
2227:2.2%
2224:52.9
2218:72.0
2215:2013
2201:48.9
2195:68.1
2192:2012
2178:66.4
2172:67.3
2169:2011
2158:5.2%
2155:65.7
2146:2010
2132:54.8
2126:53.1
2123:2009
2112:3.8%
2109:64.8
2103:54.5
2100:2008
2092:8.0%
2089:5.7%
2086:59.4
2080:45.8
2077:2007
2069:7.2%
2066:6.5%
2063:45.3
2057:35.8
2054:2006
2046:8.5%
2043:5.6%
2040:35.2
2034:26.5
2031:2005
2026:143%
2023:8.0%
2020:8.4%
2017:13.1
2011:21.4
2008:2000
2003:220%
1997:3.0%
1988:17.6
1985:1995
1965:14.8
1962:1990
1942:13.1
1939:1985
1928:2.5%
1919:12.2
1916:1980
1879:Year
1833:Italy
1814:India
1806:China
1650:with
1625:Nyala
1621:Kusti
1589:Sudan
1491:, or
1322:Unity
1307:Melut
1268:tanks
1225:beans
1217:wheat
1185:dates
1116:sheep
1090:wheat
939:Sudan
785:stock
771:Egypt
759:11.7%
757:India
745:13.6%
731:15.9%
717:21.2%
715:China
653:14.3%
651:China
639:53.3%
544:: 13%
532:: 80%
480:168th
450:35.3
157:(SDG)
136:Sudan
100:JSTOR
86:books
4562:Togo
4472:Mali
4362:Chad
4196:Flag
4111:LGBT
3358:2018
3337:2011
3280:ISBN
3229:ISBN
3115:ISBN
2952:2008
2919:2021
2839:2006
2813:2024
2788:2024
2763:2019
2734:2020
2705:2019
2673:2019
2641:2020
2615:2019
2586:2019
2557:2019
2507:2020
2474:2019
2440:2019
2411:2019
2382:2019
2302:91%
2256:56%
2233:85%
2210:87%
2187:63%
2164:64%
2149:65.
2141:64%
2118:58%
2095:55%
2072:59%
2049:72%
1994:6.7
1980:...
1971:2.2
1957:...
1948:5.5
1934:...
1925:9.1
1812:and
1779:and
1696:U.S.
1646:and
1631:and
1619:and
1615:via
1451:Nile
1424:Iraq
1422:and
1305:and
1233:corn
1193:yams
1167:and
1155:Nile
1138:and
1128:Arab
1112:cows
935:The
538:: 7%
487:IHDI
72:news
4176:Art
1894:GDP
1882:GDP
1754:.
1635:in
1633:Wau
1627:in
1262:in
973:£S.
783:FDI
729:UAE
637:UAE
476:low
406:CPI
264:PPP
242:GDP
196:WTO
55:by
4702::
3328:.
3310:,
3274:,
3223:,
3130:^
3109:,
3076:^
3067:,
3043:,
3026:,
3008:^
2999:,
2975:,
2927:^
2855:.
2804:.
2779:.
2754:.
2750:.
2725:.
2721:.
2693:.
2689:.
2661:.
2657:.
2631:.
2606:.
2602:.
2577:.
2573:.
2548:.
2515:^
2497:.
2482:^
2465:.
2461:.
2448:^
2431:.
2427:.
2402:.
2398:.
2373:.
2369:.
1843:,
1839:,
1835:,
1831:,
1808:,
1726:,
1639:.
1487:,
1483:,
1470:.
1231:,
1227:,
1223:,
1199:,
1191:,
1145:.
1114:,
1102:,
1076:,
1072:,
1029:.
983:.
194:,
190:,
182:,
180:AU
4295:e
4288:t
4281:v
3923:)
3919:(
3913:)
3909:(
3412:e
3405:t
3398:v
3371::
3360:.
3339:.
3314:.
3288:.
3237:.
3123:.
2954:.
2921:.
2899:.
2882:.
2841:.
2815:.
2790:.
2765:.
2736:.
2707:.
2675:.
2643:.
2617:.
2588:.
2559:.
2509:.
2476:.
2442:.
2413:.
2384:.
1761:)
1757:(
926:.
482:)
408:)
404:(
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
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