33:
Tasawwuf is the science of Ihsan, focusing on the purification of the self for the love of Allah. This involves following specific
Tariqas (spiritual paths), practices, and litanies. Tariqas in Sufism can be compared to spiritual orders in Catholicism, such as the Jesuits, Franciscans, and Dominicans. Numerous Tariqas exist in the Philippines today, with followers spread across the country, although they have faced opposition from
1720:
1240:
148:
that are present in the country are: the
Naqshbandi Aliya, Naqshbandi Chisti, Qadiri, Rifai, Shattari, Rifai Qadiri Shadhili, Tijani, and Khalwati. The Naqshbandi Aliya tariqa have the most followers, concentrated in Manila, Cebu, Zamboanga, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. There are also Sufis from the students
173:
Wahhabism has been implicated in extremism and terrorism worldwide. Examples of these groups are the Mahad Moro, Mahad
Salamat, and Mahad Quran wal Hadith Zamboanga City, the Mercy Foundation in Manila and Davao City, the Al-Maarif Educational Center in Baguio City, and the Jamiatul Waqf al-Islamie,
132:
In the
Philippines, common Sufi practices include Mawlid (celebration of the Prophet's birth), gatherings for Isra wal Mi’raj (the Night Journey and Ascension), reciting Surah Yasin on Nisfu Sha’ban (the middle night of Sha’ban), visiting the graves of pious individuals, and performing Tahlil Arwah
48:
Historically, many
Tariqas have existed, but currently, there are 41 major Tariqas. Four of these are widely recognized by scholars: Naqshbandi, Qadiri, Shadhili, and Chisti. Following the entrance of Islam in the early 8th century, Sufi mystic traditions became more visible during the 13th century
32:
evolving for over 1,000 years. Sufism, also known as the science of
Tasawwuf, encompasses numerous interpretations by its practitioners and critics. The term is derived from the Arabic words "Safa" (purity) and "Suwf" (wool), symbolizing the woolen garments traditionally worn by Sufis. Essentially,
169:
Despite Sufism's wide acceptance among Sunnis, Wahhabism's rise has fueled opposition. Wahhabis often label Sufis as Kafir (disbelievers), Mushrik (polytheists), or practitioners of Bid’ah. Historically, Wahhabis have committed atrocities against Sufis, including desecrating graves, abusing Sufis,
123:
Sufism arrived in the
Philippines with the Sharif Sab’ah or Lumpang Basih, Sufi missionaries who introduced Islam to the region. Over time, elements of Tasawwuf merged with local spiritual beliefs, leading to the development of Indigenous Islam or Ilmuh kamaasan. Professor Yusuf Morales describes
64:
with Islam, Sufi thinking, syncretic values, literature, and education swept throughout
Nusantara and has left an indelible mark on the presence of Islam in the Philippines. Sufi preachers, merchants and missionaries also settled in Sulu and Tawi-Tawi through maritime voyages and trade.
288:– former Commissioner of National Commission on Muslim Filipinos. Lead Convenor of Consortium for Peacebuilders, Governance Development and Security Studies. Former Muslim Affairs Coordinator of Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Zamboanga (ADZU).
124:
this as "an indigenized amalgamation of Islam from preceding schools of thought and local cultural customs." This integration became a cultural treasure, especially among the
Tausugs of Sulu, passed down through generations.
142:, the first missionaries of Islam in the Philippines are the treasures of the Bangsamoro. There are already many practitioners of Sufism in the country from different social status. The orders or
532:
170:
and murdering Sufi masters. The ISIS has also targeted Sufi scholars. Wahhabis and
Salafis, lacking proper knowledge of Tasawwuf, are often driven by zealotry and bigotry.
802:
1754:
112:. The first missionaries then followed in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. They facilitated the formation of sultanates and conquests in mainland
965:
Chopra, R. M., "The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature", 2012, Iran Culture House, New Delhi and Iran Society, Kolkata. 2nd Ed.2013.
678:
133:(prayers for the deceased). Despite increasing opposition from Wahhabis, who deem these practices un-Islamic, these traditions have been preserved.
1413:
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615:
1077:
1858:
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271:– Ameer of Sabielal Muhtadin Foundation Inc. One of the leading Senior Sunni, Ash'ari in Aqeeda and Shafi'i in Fiqh scholar.
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Chishti Sufis in the Sultanate of Delhi 1190-1400: From Restrained Indifference to Calculated Defiance
225:
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1020:
971:
Chopra, R.M., "SUFISM" (Origin, Growth, Eclipse, Resurgence), 2016, Anuradha Prakashan, New Delhi,
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294:– A cultural writer, poet, and peace advocate.Chairman of the Board at Zambasulta Halal Hub Inc.
237:
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and after it to the rest of Philippines, particularly, Sulu, Basilan, Tawi-Tawi and Zamboanga.
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300:– Muslim formator of Ateneo de Zamboanga University, Zamboanga (ADZU). Muqaddam of the
94:
61:
1847:
1536:
1438:
1071:
1043:
989:
901:
888:
856:
815:
731:
The Islamist: Why I Joined Radical Islam in Britain, What I Saw Inside and Why I Left
495:
1642:
579:
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1365:
101:
1085:
776:
632:
605:
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1370:
1185:
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1127:
968:
Chopra, R. M., "Great Sufi Poets of the Punjab"' (1999), Iran Society, Calcutta.
398:
383:
368:
346:
100:, in addition to Yemeni missionaries from the tribe of Alawi of Yemen from the
1264:
1179:
1165:
1057:
932:
Early Islamic Mysticism: Sufi, Qur'an, Mi'raj, Poetic and Theological Writings
339:
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1279:
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1221:
1207:
1147:
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1113:
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1029:
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The Female Voice in Sufi Ritual: Devotional Practices in Pakistan and India
304:
260:– One of the leading Sunni, Ash'ari in Aqeeda and Shafi'i in Fiqh scholar.
1418:
1304:
1294:
1289:
858:
Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers, Artists
301:
138:
113:
90:
34:
847:
Sufism, Culture, and Politics: Afghans and Islam in Medieval North India
1792:
1636:
1335:
1299:
1269:
703:
The Battle for Saudi Arabia: Royalty, Fundamentalism, and Global Power
1763:
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234:- known as Paduka Muhammad Salih, a relative of Sayyid Sattiya Muno
1360:
1355:
1345:
1330:
1320:
1284:
1254:
838:
Perspectives on Mughal India: Rulers, Historians, Ulama, and Sufis
444:
356:
322:
97:
42:
1350:
1325:
1736:
985:
679:"Wahhabism: Is it a Factor in the Spread of Global Terrorism?"
899:
Schimmel, Anniemarie (1975). "Sufi Orders and Fraternities".
567:
Islam arrived in the southern Philippines in the 14th century
912:
Saiyid Zaheer Husain Jafri and Helmut Reifeld, ed. (2006).
501:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p.
174:
and Jamiato Monib al-Kouzbary al-Arabiyah in Marawi City.
981:
921:
Zargar, Cyrus Ali (2013). "RELG 379: Islamic Mysticism".
914:
The Islamic Path: Sufism, Politics, and Society in India
886:
Schimmel, Anniemarie (1975). "Sufism in Indo-Pakistan".
607:
Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines
518:
The Islamic Path: Sufism, Politics, and Society in India
493:
Schimmel, Anniemarie (1975). "Sufism in Indo-Pakistan".
37:
despite the Sufis' peace-loving nature. The presence of
684:. Naval Postgraduate School. p. 13. Archived from
41:
has been a leading entity increasing the reaches of
1770:
1629:
1594:
1523:
1446:
1437:
1384:
1313:
1247:
1019:
520:. New Delhi: Konrad Adenauer Foundation. p. 4.
104:, southern India, and their followers from several
907:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
900:
894:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
887:
855:
814:
494:
16:This article is about Sufism. For other uses, see
660:"Islamic Schools of Thought in Zamboanga City"
637:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 21–22.
610:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 31–32.
149:and alumni of known universities, such as the
1748:
997:
881:. Old Westbury: State University of New York.
345:in the Philippines. Student of the Muhaddith
8:
821:. USA: University of North Carolina Press.
1755:
1741:
1733:
1443:
1004:
990:
982:
801:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
82:in the 14th century, through contact with
916:. New Delhi: Konrad Adenauer Foundation.
862:. Washington D.C.: National Geographic.
367:. He is also a Student of the Muhaddith
476:
275:Sayyiduna Shaykh Saukhani Hussein Kimpa
243:Tuan Guru Hadji Ghulam Hassan AlBikangi
794:
746:"Petro-Islam' is a nightmare scenario"
1414:The Revival of the Religious Sciences
849:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
677:Dillon, Michael R. (September 2009).
7:
1172:Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari
961:. Pakistan: Oxford University Press.
952:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
634:Nations and States in Southeast Asia
535:. Oxford Biographies. Archived from
516:Jafri, Saiyid Zaheer Husain (2006).
840:. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
744:Khalid, Ahmad Ali (20 July 2011).
14:
1078:Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi
854:Morgan, Michael Hamilton (2007).
658:Jilani, Muhammad (8 April 2019).
159:Western Mindanao State University
128:Sufi practices in the Philippines
1718:
1238:
178:List of Sufis in the Philippines
78:Historically, Islam reached the
60:and Persian influence saturated
375:Faqir Calingalan Hussin Caluang
264:Mufti Mohammad Haikar Amilhamja
948:Abbas, Shemeem Burney (2002).
943:. New Delhi: Wishwa Prakashan.
298:Shaykh Al Johan Caluang Ilacad
217:-father of Sayyid Sattiya Muno
155:Ateneo de Zamboanga University
1:
836:Alvi, Sajida Sultana (2012).
748:. Wisdom Blow. Archived from
390:Sidi Jason Muhammad Cristobal
282:-Naqshbandi Khalidiyya Tariqa
280:Sayyiduna Shaykh Jamjam Salih
165:Misconceptions and opposition
934:. New Jersey: Paulist Press.
903:Mystical Dimensions of Islam
890:Mystical Dimensions of Islam
817:Mystical dimensions of Islam
497:Mystical Dimensions of Islam
441:Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy
427:Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy
413:Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy
319:Muhammad bin Yahya al-Ninowy
1200:Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi
435:– Student of the Muhaddith
421:– Student of the Muhaddith
407:– Student of the Muhaddith
397:– Student of the Muhaddith
382:– Student of the Muhaddith
313:. Student of the Muhaddith
151:Ateneo de Manila University
1875:
930:Sells, Michael A. (1996).
580:"Islam in the Philippines"
533:"Islam in the Philippines"
433:Shaykh Abdul Warith Abdula
15:
1716:
1236:
877:Walsh, Judith E. (2006).
845:Aquil, Raziuddin (2007).
631:Nicholas Tarling (1998).
395:Shaykh Ali Parmanan Hajul
1859:Islam in the Philippines
1561:Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi
1409:The Alchemy of Happiness
1394:Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya
1134:Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili
879:A Brief History of India
604:Linda A. Newson (2009).
531:Angeles, Vivienne S. M.
292:Shaykh Aliazer Abdurajim
185:Sharif ul-Hāshim of Sulu
1643:Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri
1228:Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi
1036:'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani
775:Islam, Sirajul (2004).
733:. Penguin. p. 250.
286:Professor Yusuf Morales
136:These practices of the
45:throughout South Asia.
18:Sufism (disambiguation)
1637:Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi
1484:'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid
1050:Baha' al-Din Naqshband
957:Anjum, Tanvir (2011).
939:Abidi, S.A.H. (1992).
419:Shaykh Alnaif Kingking
405:Shaykh Shamir Kingking
380:Shaykh Al Jamar Ismael
269:Shaykh Khadzraji Tapsi
190:Sheikh Karimul Makhdum
80:Philippine archipelago
1703:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam
1667:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
1620:Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi
1585:Abu al-Husain al-Nuri
1543:Al-Harith al-Muhasibi
551:"Bearer of the Sword"
353:Atty. Datu Amir Wagas
28:has a history in the
1579:Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi
1567:Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz
1064:Mu'in al-Din Chishti
716:"analyses wahhabism"
336:Shaykh Khalid Ismael
195:Sayyid Balfaqi Alawi
1649:Yusuf Abu al-Haggag
1502:Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad
1490:Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya
1160:('Umar al-Khalwati)
811:Schimmel, Annemarie
729:Husain, Ed (2007).
664:Ansar Sahibuz Zaman
584:rpl.hds.harvard.edu
539:on 20 October 2013.
447:with permission or
437:Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
423:Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
409:Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
359:with permission or
325:with permission or
315:Muhammad al-Yaqoubi
258:Shaykh Ahmad Imbing
221:Sayyid Sattiya Muno
1673:Bahadur Shah Zafar
1614:Abu Talib al-Makki
1608:Abu Bakr al-Shibli
1581:(d. 295 or 320 AH)
1569:(d. 277 or 286 AH)
1533:(d. 205 or 215 AH)
1424:Dala'il al-Khayrat
1841:
1840:
1764:Sufism by country
1730:
1729:
1712:
1711:
1655:Muhammad al-Fateh
1549:Dhul-Nun al-Misri
1466:Ibrahim ibn Adham
1454:Al-Hasan al-Basri
1429:Fadha'il al-'Amal
1399:Hilyat al-Awliya'
1231:
1217:
1203:
1189:
1175:
1161:
1151:
1137:
1123:
1120:Ibrahim al-Desuqi
1109:
1095:
1081:
1067:
1053:
1039:
977:978-93-85083-52-5
923:Augustana College
778:Sufism and Bhakti
691:on 18 April 2014.
644:978-0-521-62564-7
617:978-0-8248-3272-8
443:. He is also an
110:Malay Archipelago
51:Sultanate of Sulu
1866:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1734:
1722:
1685:Emir Abdel-Kader
1514:Ma'ruf al-Karkhi
1508:Shaqiq al-Balkhi
1472:Sufyan al-Thawri
1444:
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752:on 23 March 2014
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719:
718:. PBS Frontline.
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321:. He is also an
226:Tuan Awliya Musa
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1697:Omar al-Mukhtar
1625:
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1573:Sahl al-Tustari
1519:
1460:Malik ibn Dinar
1433:
1404:Kashf al-Mahjub
1386:Sufi literature
1380:
1376:Sufi philosophy
1309:
1243:
1234:
1214:Ahmad al-Tijani
1106:Ahmad al-Badawi
1092:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
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947:
941:Sufism in India
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483:Schimmel, p.346
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338:– Ameer of the
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95:Southeast Asian
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1693:(d. 1302/1885)
1691:Muhammad Ahmad
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1595:4th AH/10th AD
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465:Ba 'Alawi sada
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439:and Muhaddith
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425:and Muhaddith
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411:and Muhaddith
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317:and Muhaddith
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98:trade networks
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62:Southeast Asia
58:Ba 'Alawi sada
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1447:2nd AH/8th AD
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1439:Notable Sufis
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253:Tuan Anjawtal
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108:in the wider
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74:Early history
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36:
31:
27:
23:
19:
1705:(d. 1354 AH)
1699:(d. 1350 AH)
1687:(d. 1300 AH)
1681:(d. 1287 AH)
1675:(d. 1278 AH)
1669:(d. 1277 AH)
1663:(d. 1118 AH)
1630:Sufi leaders
1366:Sufi studies
1220:
1206:
1194:Ba 'Alawiyya
1192:
1178:
1164:
1154:
1140:
1126:
1112:
1098:
1084:
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769:Bibliography
754:. Retrieved
750:the original
739:
730:
724:
710:
702:
701:Abu Khalil,
697:
686:the original
672:
663:
653:
633:
626:
606:
599:
587:. Retrieved
583:
574:
566:
558:
554:
545:
537:the original
526:
517:
511:
496:
488:
479:
230:Tuan Awliya
215:Sayyid Qasim
210:Tuan Maqbalu
200:Sayyid Kimar
172:
168:
143:
137:
135:
131:
122:
102:Persian Gulf
77:
55:
47:
29:
25:
24:
22:
1778:Afghanistan
1679:Imam Shamil
1657:(d. 886 AH)
1651:(d. 642 AH)
1645:(d. 630 AH)
1639:(d. 589 AH)
1622:(d. 380 AH)
1616:(d. 386 AH)
1610:(d. 334 AH)
1604:(d. 303 AH)
1587:(d. 295 AH)
1575:(d. 283 AH)
1563:(d. 258 AH)
1557:(d. 253 AH)
1551:(d. 245 AH)
1545:(d. 243 AH)
1539:(d. 227 AH)
1516:(d. 200 AH)
1510:(d. 194 AH)
1504:(d. 188 AH)
1498:(d. 181 AH)
1492:(d. 180 AH)
1486:(d. 177 AH)
1480:(d. 165 AH)
1474:(d. 161 AH)
1468:(d. 160 AH)
1462:(d. 128 AH)
1456:(d. 110 AH)
1371:Sufi poetry
1186:Bayram Wali
1156:Khalwatiyya
1128:Shadhiliyya
1021:Sufi orders
399:Mehmet Adil
384:Mehmet Adil
369:Mehmet Adil
347:Mehmet Adil
49:before the
30:Philippines
1848:Categories
1788:Bangladesh
1180:Bayramiyya
1166:Rahmaniyya
1058:Chishtiyya
471:References
451:in the 40
363:in the 40
340:Naqshbandi
329:in the 40
238:Tuan Haman
232:Mat Salleh
106:sultanates
1771:Countries
1661:Aurangzeb
1531:Al-Darani
1280:Muraqabah
1248:Practices
1222:Idrisiyya
1208:Tijaniyya
1148:Ibn Arabi
1142:Akbariyya
1114:Desuqiyya
1100:Badawiyya
1086:Rifa'iyya
1030:Qadiriyya
797:cite book
139:makhdumin
91:merchants
89:and Arab
1813:Pakistan
1419:Al-Burda
1305:Tawakkul
1300:Tabarruk
1295:Tawassul
1290:Tazkiyah
813:(1978).
589:6 August
565:. 2002.
459:See also
302:Shadhili
114:Mindanao
35:Wahhabis
1783:Algeria
1336:Karamat
1270:Ziyarat
781:. USA.
756:1 April
705:, p. 50
183:Sultan
145:tariqas
69:History
1818:Punjab
1808:Jordan
1724:Portal
1602:Ruwaym
1275:Mawlid
1013:Sufism
975:
866:
825:
785:
641:
614:
453:Tariqa
449:Ijazah
365:Tariqa
361:Ijazah
343:Tariqa
331:Tariqa
327:Ijazah
311:Tariqa
308:Qadiri
305:Rifa'i
157:, and
153:, the
93:along
84:Muslim
39:Sufism
26:Sufism
1828:Spain
1823:Sindh
1798:India
1793:China
1361:Salik
1356:Murid
1346:Dhawq
1331:Kashf
1321:Ihsan
1314:Ideas
1285:Taqwa
1260:Haḍra
1255:Dhikr
689:(PDF)
682:(PDF)
561:(2):
445:Ustad
357:Ustad
355:– an
323:Ustad
87:Malay
43:Islam
1803:Iran
1351:Ishq
1326:Wajd
1265:Zuhd
973:ISBN
864:ISBN
823:ISBN
803:link
783:ISBN
758:2014
639:ISBN
612:ISBN
591:2023
118:Sulu
116:and
56:The
1341:Nūr
503:345
1850::
799:}}
795:{{
662:.
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563:38
559:82
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161:.
120:.
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20:.
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