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four-story building on Wabash avenue, as well as connecting it to the State Street store. That never happened because
Schlesinger and Mayer changed their minds to make it a ten-story building, which also never happened. It eventually got painted white and then a bridge was added that connected the second story of the building to the elevated railroad. In 1898, Schlesinger and Mayer decided to remove the original building located on State and Madison replace it with a new building designed by Sullivan. Sullivan had both a nine and twelve-story proposal made up for this new building. They eventually started with a nine-story portion of the building that was made on the Madison Street side next to the original portion of the Adler and Sullivan renovations.
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David Mayer was brought to the United States of
America as an infant in 1852, also from Germany. In 1881 Schlesinger and Mayer had moved their dry-goods store into the Bowen Building that was on the corner of State and Madison. In 1890, Schlesinger and Mayer hired Adler and Sullivan to prepare plans for the removal of the Bowen Building's attic story and the addition of two stories across the Bowen Building and the adjacent four-story structure to the south. The facades were added to match the bottom stories of the building and the building was painted white.
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411:. At street level, the broad expanses of glass allowed for larger displays of merchandise to outside pedestrian traffic creating the idea of the sidewalk showcase. In between the windows were bands of terra cotta, replacing an earlier plan for white Georgia marble, to save cost and weight and to avoid delays arising from a stonecutter's strike. The design featured bronze-plated cast-iron ornamental work above the rounded tower. The project also included a fire suppression sprinkler system, supplied from a 40-foot (12 m) water tower on the roof.
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427:. The way this technique was used on the lower floors of the building was so elaborate that it used the natural lighting and shadows to seem almost as if it were magically floating above the ground. The top floor of the 1899 and 1904 sections of the building were recessed to create a narrow loggia topped by an intricately detailed cornice that projected beyond the facade of the building. This was removed around 1948 and the 12th floor redesigned to replicate the lower floors.
622:, who expressed an interest in occupying part of the structure. On February 15, 2011, the retailer announced it would lease 125,000 sq ft (11,600 m) spread over two floors of the building. The new store opened July 26, 2012, and was met with favorable reviews for its clean design while being sensitive to the historic character of the structure. In October 2021, the Target entrance's dark facade went viral on TikTok, affectionately nicknamed as the "Goth Target".
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588:, parent company of Carson, Pirie, Scott, announced that after the 2006 Christmas season, the department store in the building would close. There were no immediate announcements as to what would occupy the building after the store's closure. After holding clearance sales, Carson's closed in February 2007.
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In 2008, a second renovation project of the decorative iron work on the lower three floors began. This included the State Street facade as well as rear portions of the building which face Wabash Avenue. Part of the funding for this renovation was provided by the City of
Chicago. The Wabash facade
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The
Sullivan Center was initially developed because of the Chicago Great Fire of 1871. In 1872, Leopold Schlesinger and David Mayer decided to open a dry good store. They had met while working together prior to the Chicago Fire. Leopold Schlesinger had immigrated to Chicago in 1862 from Germany, and
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The building is remarkable for its steel-framed structure, which allowed a dramatic increase in window area created by bay-wide windows, which in turn allowed for the greatest amount of daylight into the building interiors. This steel framed structure uses the post-and-lintel technique to provide a
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In 1902, Schlesinger and Mayer came back to
Sullivan wanting a twenty-story building on State and Madison, eventually settling for the final twelve stories. The Madison Street portion that was added earlier could not structurally support twelve stories so was left as is. Sullivan came up with a
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Sullivan designed the corner entry to be seen from both State and
Madison. The attractive ornamentation above the entrance would give the store an elegant and unique persona important to the building's competition with neighboring stores. The building is one of the classic structures of the
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In 1892, Schlesinger and Mayer hired Adler and
Sullivan to do further remodeling and add a new entrance to the corner of State and Madison. In 1896, Sullivan, no longer working with Adler, was asked back by Schlesinger and Mayer to redesign the façade and add two stories to the newly leased
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In
February 2006, the first phase of a multi-year restoration of the building's upper facade was completed. In addition to cleaning, the cornice and supporting columns were recreated on the 12th floor. A 2001 report put the budget at $ 68.9 million for this renovation.
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strong, light, and fireproof steel skeleton. The exterior of the building consists of a grid of piers and spandrels that reveals the post-and-lintel technique that supports the building. The design was the first use of what became known as the
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behind it amid much controversy. The city had ordered work on the bridge to stop on
Saturday, November 20, but overnight 200 workmen completed the bridge in secret, and it opened the next day, as a
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The 943,944-square-foot (87,695.3 m) three-building complex, now renamed the
Sullivan Center, is currently owned by Madison Capital, a private real estate company based in New York City.
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438:. It would prove to make the store identifiable from far away. This bridge too was covered in elaborate metalwork and provided a sense of special entry to those who used it.
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purchased the structure in 1904. That firm occupied the structure for only a matter of weeks before it sold the building (the land under it was owned at the time by
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three-stage plan to finish the new building and allow Schlesinger and Mayer to keep their business running during the Christmas season.
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In 1961, Carson, Pirie, Scott constructed an annex south of the building adding 59,500 sq ft (5,528 m) of sales area.
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Scully, Vincent Jr. (1959). "Louis Sullivan's Architectural Ornament: A Brief Note concerning Humanist Design in the Age of Force".
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there briefly with a grand opening in mid-June, but only two months later, in mid-August 1904, sold it to Carson Pirie Scott.
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for $ 7,000 per month, which occupied the building for more than a century until 2006. Subsequent additions were completed by
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748:"Big Store Is Sold - Carson Pirie Scott & Co. Buy Business of Selfridge & Co. - Large Bonus is Paid".
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In November 1897, of Schlesinger & Mayer opened a pedestrian bridge connecting its second floor to the
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Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Illinois
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designed it for the retail firm Schlesinger & Mayer in 1899 and later expanded it before
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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618:. In December 2010, Freed and Associates announced it was in talks with retailer
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Growth of the Schlesinger & Mayer / Carson Pirie Scott flagship store complex
1241:"Do Yourself a Favour and Check Out This "Goth Target" That's Taking Over TikTok"
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Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Chicago
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The building has been used for retail purposes since 1899, and has been a
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Articles and topics related to Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building
603:
was completed in August 2009 and the work on State Street in late 2010.
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
1157:
Roderland, David; Spielman, Frand; et al. (December 10, 2010).
908:
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Carson Pirie Scott: Louis Sullivan and the Chicago Department Store
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552:, architect. Three bays on State Street. Cost est. $ 1,000,000.
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1159:"Target close to deal to move into old Carsons on State Street"
1215:"A history of Goth Target, TikTok's favorite Chicago building"
4099:
Department stores on the National Register of Historic Places
564:
59,500 sq ft (5,528 m) addition to the south.
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1131:"Loop landmark looking a lot like its original self"
1081:"Landmark Sullivan Center selling for $ 267 million"
598:
Detail of the marquee on the building's north facade
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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British International School of Chicago, South Loop
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Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements
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1815:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
1550:Everett McKinley Dirksen United States Courthouse
4013:Tall: The American Skyscraper and Louis Sullivan
2207:National Register of Historic Places portal
936:"Carsons restoration would make Sullivan smile"
829:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 3, 65.
449:, bought the building, and operated his store
3870:People's Federal Savings and Loan Association
3618:
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2528:
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8:
1054:"Carson Pirie Scott on State Street closing"
768:. essential-architecture.com. Archived from
729:"New space boosts Loop retail vacancy rate"
698:"Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building"
680:"Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building"
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1350:West Loop–LaSalle Street Historic District
1301:
1287:
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928:
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702:National Historic Landmark summary listing
458:
3730:Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building
3371:Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building
1755:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
766:"Carson Pirie Scott and Company Building"
317:Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building
39:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
4139:Chicago school architecture in Illinois
1100:"Sullivan storefronts dazzle once more"
797:. Chicago: A. N. Marquis. p. 401.
704:. National Park Service. Archived from
647:
606:Tenants of the Sullivan Center include
432:Madison/Wabash elevated (train) station
153:
128:
103:
4109:National Historic Landmarks in Chicago
4089:Commercial buildings completed in 1899
4062:
1586:Consulate-General of Pakistan, Chicago
656:"National Register Information System"
612:School of the Art Institute of Chicago
323:, is a commercial building at 1 South
321:Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Store
20:
3439:Mundelein College Skyscraper Building
3420:National Register of Historic Places,
3223:Mundelein College Skyscraper Building
933:Kamin, Blair G. (February 19, 2006).
7:
4050:
3348:National Register of Historic Places
1324:Historic Michigan Boulevard District
1128:Kamin, Blair G. (January 24, 2010).
1001:"Carson plans State Street addition"
661:National Register of Historic Places
4124:Art Nouveau architecture in Chicago
3429:860–880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments
3396:Marshall Field and Company Building
3213:Marshall Field and Company Building
2581:Trump International Hotel and Tower
1239:Lyndes, Haley (September 7, 2021).
1097:Kamin, Blair G. (August 19, 2009).
885:Siry, pp.3,65,77–79,82,88,90–93,101
682:. Chicago Landmarks. Archived from
3862:National Farmer's Bank of Owatonna
2170:National Historic Preservation Act
1387:Chicago Mercantile Exchange Center
14:
1373:(former United/RR Donnelly Bldg.)
1339:Michigan–Wacker Historic District
1026:Jones, Sandra (August 26, 2006).
823:Siry, Joseph (November 4, 1988).
727:Baeb, Eddie (February 11, 2008).
418:The building's northwest entrance
4129:Art Nouveau commercial buildings
4061:
4049:
4038:
4037:
3894:St. Paul United Methodist Church
3782:Farmers and Merchants Union Bank
3740:
3540:New York Life Insurance Building
3228:New York Life Insurance Building
2497:
2496:
2486:
2212:
2211:
2200:
1213:Krupp, Emma (October 27, 2021).
152:
145:
127:
120:
102:
95:
81:
4119:1899 establishments in Illinois
3814:Holy Trinity Orthodox Cathedral
3714:Chicago Stock Exchange Building
3376:Chicago Board of Trade Building
2778:Chicago Board of Trade Building
1560:Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
1382:Chicago Board of Trade Building
999:Knoch, Joanne (July 15, 1960).
232:; Burnham, Daniel H., & Co.
48:U.S. National Historic Landmark
3822:Home Building Association Bank
3706:Prudential (Guaranty) Building
2946:Northwestern Memorial Hospital
2562:(formerly John Hancock Center)
2123:Federated States of Micronesia
1769:Architectural style categories
1448:Jones College Prep High School
1185:Kamin, Blair (July 26, 2012).
971:. November 22, 1897. p. 3
791:Leonard, John W., ed. (1905).
370:since 1975. It is part of the
261:
1:
3505:Carbide & Carbon Building
2815:Crain Communications Building
2768:Carbide & Carbon Building
2704:(formerly Time-Life Building)
1334:Loop Retail Historic District
1061:. August 28, 2006. p. B9
754:. August 12, 1904. p. 1.
372:Loop Retail Historic District
249:Loop Retail Historic District
161:Show map of the United States
3657:Auditorium Building, Chicago
1079:Ori, Ryan (April 27, 2016).
18:United States historic place
2872:Kluczynski Federal Building
1555:Kluczynski Federal Building
856:Chicago Architecture Center
608:The Chicago Community Trust
534:Louis Sullivan, architect.
4165:
3963:(1887–2006, A&S)
3955:(1891–2006, A&S)
3947:(1891–1961, A&S)
3641:Adler & Sullivan works
3459:Roanoke Building and Tower
3343:National Historic Landmark
3193:Hilliard Towers Apartments
3096:Three First National Plaza
2175:Historic Preservation Fund
2154:American Legation, Morocco
1188:"Retailer right on Target"
637:National Historic Landmark
445:, the founder of London's
4032:
3921:New Orleans Union Station
3738:
3530:London Guarantee Building
3500:Bryn Mawr Apartment Hotel
3287:
3173:Bryn Mawr Apartment Hotel
2902:Lurie Children's Hospital
2897:London Guarantee Building
2794:City Hall Square Building
2702:541 North Fairbanks Court
2697:425 South Financial Place
2560:875 North Michigan Avenue
2482:
2285:Colleges and universities
2265:
2195:
2116:Lists by associated state
1703:Museum Campus/11th Street
1511:Harold Washington Library
1483:Harold Washington College
1276:
1028:"Flag of Change on State"
451:H. G. Selfridge & Co.
390:'s 100th Birthday in 1909
386:Decorations to celebrate
260:NRHP reference
202:41.8817111°N 87.6275500°W
89:
80:
76:
67:
54:
45:
36:
27:
23:
4104:Louis Sullivan buildings
3854:Merchants' National Bank
2862:James R. Thompson Center
2820:Dirksen Federal Building
2713:860-880 Lake Shore Drive
2097:Northern Mariana Islands
1545:James R. Thompson Center
1490:Columbia College Chicago
1478:City Colleges of Chicago
1245:POPSUGAR Smart Living UK
1085:Crain's Chicago Business
734:Crain's Chicago Business
351:, who then leased it to
341:H.G. Selfridge & Co.
315:, formerly known as the
237:Architectural style
111:Show map of Chicago Loop
3937:Louis Sullivan Bungalow
3722:Bayard–Condict Building
3674:Carrie Eliza Getty Tomb
3560:Richard J. Daley Center
3545:The Palmer House Hilton
3153:300 West Adams Building
3111:Waldorf Astoria Chicago
3066:Shirley Ryan AbilityLab
3041:Richard J. Daley Center
2882:LaSalle–Wacker Building
2856:Home Insurance Building
2805:Coast at Lakeshore East
2788:Chicago Temple Building
1576:Chicago Cultural Center
1540:Richard J. Daley Center
803:2027/coo.31924012779553
207:41.8817111; -87.6275500
4114:Skyscrapers in Chicago
3953:Pilgrim Baptist Church
3774:Pilgrim Baptist Church
3698:Bellefontaine Cemetery
2092:Minor Outlying Islands
2075:Lists by insular areas
1789:Keeper of the Register
1506:Chicago Public Library
1443:Chicago Public Schools
794:The Book of Chicagoans
599:
419:
391:
327:at the corner of East
57:U.S. Historic district
4022:Form follows function
3570:Virgin Hotels Chicago
3525:Inland Steel Building
3361:The Arc at Old Colony
3293:have been demolished.
3198:Inland Steel Building
3158:The Arc at Old Colony
3126:Wolf Point East Tower
3106:Virgin Hotels Chicago
2728:1700 East 56th Street
2673:(formerly CNA Center)
1794:National Park Service
1774:Contributing property
1329:Jewelers Row District
751:Chicago Daily Tribune
666:National Park Service
597:
417:
385:
61:Contributing property
3980:Adler & Sullivan
3878:Peoples Savings Bank
3790:Gage Group Buildings
3454:The Blackstone Hotel
3434:Gage Group Buildings
3183:Gage Group Buildings
3011:Peoples Gas Building
2981:One Prudential Plaza
2961:One Magnificent Mile
2892:Leo Burnett Building
2840:Grant Thornton Tower
2748:The Blackstone Hotel
2586:Two Prudential Plaza
2149:District of Columbia
1402:Two Prudential Plaza
1397:One Prudential Plaza
1371:77 West Wacker Drive
965:"Rush a Loop Bridge"
772:on November 19, 2010
632:Chicago architecture
136:Show map of Illinois
29:Carson, Pirie, Scott
3682:Wainwright Building
3649:Martin Ryerson Tomb
3555:Pittsfield Building
3550:Powhatan Apartments
3366:Auditorium Building
3163:Auditorium Building
3031:Presidential Towers
3026:Powhatan Apartments
3016:Pittsfield Building
2544:Chicago skyscrapers
1455:Muchin College Prep
586:Bon-Ton Stores Inc.
566:Holabird & Root
461:
361:Holabird & Root
286:Designated NHL
198: /
4149:Carson Pirie Scott
3939:(1890s–2005)
3902:Van Allen Building
3846:McVicker's Theater
3838:Krause Music Store
3665:Auditorium Theatre
3480:333 North Michigan
3449:Palmolive Building
3401:Monadnock Building
3391:Marquette Building
3386:Manhattan Building
3218:Monadnock Building
3208:Marquette Building
3203:Manhattan Building
2996:Palmolive Building
2991:Palmer House Hotel
2924:Metropolitan Tower
2810:Consumers Building
2718:900 North Michigan
2666:333 North Michigan
2641:151 North Franklin
2600:Selected buildings
1698:Millennium Station
1664:Monroe (Blue Line)
1392:Monadnock Building
1366:333 North Michigan
600:
459:
420:
392:
353:Carson Pirie Scott
302:Designated CL
294:Designated CP
4144:Chicago Landmarks
4076:
4075:
3931:(1891–1965)
3923:(1892–1954)
3886:Purdue State Bank
3830:Jewelers Building
3600:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3520:Heyworth Building
3515:Civic Opera House
3444:One North LaSalle
3406:Reliance Building
3298:
3297:
3269:Chicago City Hall
3233:Reliance Building
3188:Heyworth Building
3146:12 or more floors
3121:Water Tower Place
3046:River East Center
2971:One North LaSalle
2825:Essex on the Park
2800:Civic Opera House
2763:Builders Building
2743:Bilandic Building
2723:900 West Randolph
2687:400 East Randolph
2576:St. Regis Chicago
2552:Tallest buildings
2510:
2509:
2393:Metropolitan area
2225:
2224:
1779:Historic district
1721:
1720:
1674:Washington/Wabash
1659:Monroe (Red Line)
1591:Maggie Daley Park
1581:Civic Opera House
1535:Chicago City Hall
1521:
1520:
1436:secondary schools
1164:Chicago Sun-Times
1109:. p. Live!-1
851:"Sullivan Center"
836:978-0-2267-6136-7
686:on June 13, 2008.
668:. March 15, 2006.
578:
577:
333:Chicago, Illinois
309:
308:
297:November 27, 1998
273:Significant dates
175:Chicago, Illinois
31:and Company Store
4156:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4025:
4016:
4007:
3989:
3982:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3744:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3667:
3660:
3652:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3604:
3586:Washington Block
3510:Chicago Building
3475:330 North Wabash
3468:Chicago Landmark
3422:Chicago Landmark
3411:Rookery Building
3353:Chicago Landmark
3332:Chicago Landmark
3325:
3318:
3311:
3302:
3279:Washington Block
3238:Rookery Building
3178:Chicago Building
3144:skyscrapers with
3141:Chicago Landmark
3131:Wrigley Building
3116:Warwick Allerton
3051:Roanoke Building
2986:Optima Signature
2976:One North Wacker
2956:One Bennett Park
2930:Montauk Building
2877:Lake Point Tower
2708:540 West Madison
2692:401 East Ontario
2677:333 Wacker Drive
2671:333 South Wabash
2661:330 North Wabash
2656:311 South Wacker
2651:181 West Madison
2646:155 North Wacker
2636:111 South Wacker
2631:110 North Wacker
2537:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2500:
2499:
2490:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2128:Marshall Islands
1748:
1741:
1734:
1725:
1713:Van Buren Street
1679:Washington/Wells
1596:Dearborn Station
1431:
1407:Rookery Building
1303:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1267:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1219:Time Out Chicago
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1190:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1102:
1094:
1088:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
996:
990:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
938:
930:
921:
920:
892:
886:
883:
877:
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
847:
841:
840:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
762:
756:
755:
745:
739:
738:
724:
718:
717:
715:
713:
708:on March 5, 2008
694:
688:
687:
676:
670:
669:
652:
584:In August 2006,
462:
368:Chicago Landmark
305:November 5, 1970
263:
213:
212:
210:
209:
208:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
162:
156:
155:
149:
137:
131:
130:
124:
112:
106:
105:
99:
85:
70:Chicago Landmark
21:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4060:
4048:
4036:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4003:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3967:
3961:Dexter Building
3959:
3951:
3945:Garrick Theater
3943:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3745:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3690:Wainwright Tomb
3688:
3680:
3672:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3636:
3631:
3601:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3574:
3495:Brooks Building
3463:
3421:
3415:
3381:Fisher Building
3351:
3346:
3337:
3329:
3299:
3294:
3283:
3247:
3243:Sullivan Center
3168:Brooks Building
3145:
3143:
3135:
2966:One Museum Park
2835:Fisher Building
2758:Boeing Building
2733:Accenture Tower
2682:340 on the Park
2621:71 South Wacker
2603:
2602:with 20 or more
2601:
2595:
2571:Franklin Center
2546:
2541:
2511:
2506:
2478:
2290:Community areas
2261:
2256:
2226:
2221:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2158:
2137:
2111:
2070:
1803:
1757:
1752:
1722:
1717:
1683:
1624:
1613:Millennium Park
1569:Other landmarks
1564:
1527:
1517:
1494:
1470:
1464:
1435:
1422:
1412:Sullivan Center
1354:
1312:
1307:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1193:Chicago Tribune
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1136:Chicago Tribune
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1106:Chicago Tribune
1096:
1095:
1091:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1059:Chicago Tribune
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1032:Chicago Tribune
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1005:Chicago Tribune
998:
997:
993:
988:
984:
974:
972:
969:Chicago Tribune
963:
962:
958:
948:
946:
942:Chicago Tribune
932:
931:
924:
909:10.2307/1566883
894:
893:
889:
884:
880:
875:
871:
861:
859:
849:
848:
844:
837:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
790:
789:
785:
775:
773:
764:
763:
759:
747:
746:
742:
726:
725:
721:
711:
709:
696:
695:
691:
678:
677:
673:
654:
653:
649:
645:
628:
443:Harry Selfridge
388:Abraham Lincoln
380:
313:Sullivan Center
206:
204:
200:
197:
192:
189:
187:
185:
184:
166:
165:
164:
163:
160:
159:
158:
157:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
132:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
72:
63:
59:
50:
41:
32:
30:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4162:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4081:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4058:
4046:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4017:
4008:
4005:Prairie School
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3933:
3925:
3916:
3914:
3913:Lost buildings
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3806:Adams Building
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3766:Charnley House
3762:
3753:
3751:
3750:Sullivan works
3747:
3746:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3694:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3653:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3634:Louis Sullivan
3632:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3490:Allerton Hotel
3487:
3485:35 East Wacker
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3339:
3338:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3274:Chicago School
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:The Buckingham
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2951:Olympia Centre
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2913:Masonic Temple
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2852:
2850:Hilton Chicago
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2830:Field Building
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2626:77 West Wacker
2623:
2618:
2613:
2611:35 East Wacker
2607:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2494:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2469:Transportation
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2442:Public schools
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2107:Virgin Islands
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:American Samoa
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:South Carolina
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1981:North Carolina
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1811:
1809:
1808:Lists by state
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1799:Property types
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1708:LaSalle Street
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
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1537:
1531:
1529:
1523:
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1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
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1485:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1439:
1437:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1263:
1262:External links
1260:
1258:
1257:
1231:
1205:
1177:
1149:
1120:
1089:
1072:
1044:
1018:
991:
989:Siry, pp.77–79
982:
956:
922:
887:
878:
869:
842:
835:
815:
783:
757:
740:
719:
689:
671:
646:
644:
641:
640:
639:
634:
627:
624:
576:
575:
572:
571:ca. 1,000,000
569:
568:, architects.
562:
558:
557:
555:
553:
550:Daniel Burnham
546:
542:
541:
538:
535:
532:
528:
527:
524:
521:
519:
515:
514:
511:
508:
506:
502:
501:
498:
495:
493:
489:
488:
485:
482:
480:
476:
475:
472:
469:
466:
425:Chicago school
409:Chicago window
379:
376:
357:Daniel Burnham
345:Marshall Field
337:Louis Sullivan
329:Madison Street
307:
306:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
281:April 17, 1970
279:
275:
274:
270:
269:
264:
257:
256:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:Louis Sullivan
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
151:
150:
144:
143:
142:
141:
126:
125:
119:
118:
117:
116:
101:
100:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
78:
77:
74:
73:
68:
65:
64:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
37:
34:
33:
28:
25:
24:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4161:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4068:
4059:
4056:
4047:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3987:Dankmar Adler
3984:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3798:Halsted House
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3758:Bradley House
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
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3671:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3623:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:Tribune Tower
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
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3528:
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3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
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3501:
3498:
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3437:
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3427:
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3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
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3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3292:
3289:Buildings in
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:Tribune Tower
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:The Parkshore
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
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2949:
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2944:
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2937:
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2931:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Joffrey Tower
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Chicago Place
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
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2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
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2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
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2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2503:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Neighborhoods
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
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2362:
2360:
2357:
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2347:
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2327:
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2320:
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2318:
2315:
2313:
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2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
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2296:
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2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
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2268:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2218:
2210:
2208:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:West Virginia
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:New Hampshire
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Massachusetts
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1419:(Sears Tower)
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Printer's Row
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1138:. p. I-7
1137:
1132:
1124:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
986:
983:
970:
966:
960:
957:
945:. p. G-1
944:
943:
937:
929:
927:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
888:
882:
879:
873:
870:
858:
857:
852:
846:
843:
838:
832:
828:
827:
819:
816:
804:
800:
796:
795:
787:
784:
771:
767:
761:
758:
753:
752:
744:
741:
736:
735:
730:
723:
720:
707:
703:
699:
693:
690:
685:
681:
675:
672:
667:
663:
662:
657:
651:
648:
642:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
596:
592:
589:
587:
582:
573:
570:
567:
563:
560:
559:
556:
554:
551:
547:
544:
543:
539:
536:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
496:
494:
491:
490:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
473:
470:
467:
464:
463:
457:
454:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
436:fait accompli
433:
428:
426:
416:
412:
410:
404:
400:
396:
389:
384:
377:
375:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
278:Added to NRHP
276:
271:
268:
265:
258:
254:
250:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
193:87°37′39.18″W
190:41°52′54.16″N
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
148:
123:
98:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
53:
49:
44:
40:
35:
26:
22:
16:
4011:
3972:Affiliations
3535:Mather Tower
3290:
3259:Architecture
3242:
3091:The Pinnacle
3081:The Heritage
3056:The Shoreham
3036:Regents Park
2928:
2919:Mather Tower
2911:
2887:Legacy Tower
2854:
2845:Harbor Point
2792:
2616:55 East Erie
2591:Willis Tower
2312:Demographics
2270:Architecture
2021:South Dakota
2011:Rhode Island
2006:Pennsylvania
1986:North Dakota
1639:Adams/Wabash
1471:universities
1469:Colleges and
1434:Primary and
1417:Willis Tower
1411:
1310:Chicago Loop
1248:. Retrieved
1244:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1162:
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1135:
1123:
1113:December 19,
1111:. Retrieved
1104:
1092:
1084:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1058:
1047:
1037:November 29,
1035:. Retrieved
1031:
1021:
1011:November 29,
1009:. Retrieved
1007:. p. 49
1004:
994:
985:
975:November 29,
973:. Retrieved
968:
959:
949:December 19,
947:. Retrieved
940:
900:
896:
890:
881:
872:
862:December 19,
860:. Retrieved
854:
845:
825:
818:
808:December 19,
806:. Retrieved
793:
786:
774:. Retrieved
770:the original
760:
749:
743:
732:
722:
710:. Retrieved
706:the original
701:
692:
684:the original
674:
659:
650:
605:
601:
590:
583:
579:
471:Total sq ft
468:Description
455:
450:
441:In May 1904
440:
435:
429:
421:
405:
401:
397:
393:
378:Architecture
365:
359:in 1906 and
325:State Street
320:
316:
312:
310:
289:May 15, 1975
15:
3929:Dooly Block
3335:skyscrapers
3076:The Fordham
2907:Marina City
2773:Chase Tower
2474:Visual arts
2454:Skyscrapers
2329:Expressways
2142:Other areas
2102:Puerto Rico
1936:Mississippi
1851:Connecticut
1359:Skyscrapers
1170:January 28,
1142:November 9,
1065:November 9,
776:November 8,
548:Expansion:
474:Total sq m
205: /
181:Coordinates
4083:Categories
3001:Park Tower
2753:BCBS Tower
2566:Aon Center
2386:Newspapers
2376:Literature
2344:Government
2051:Washington
1971:New Mexico
1966:New Jersey
1841:California
1644:Clark/Lake
1601:Grant Park
1526:Government
1377:Aon Center
1198:August 21,
876:Siry, p.97
643:References
447:Selfridges
349:Otto Young
253:ID98001351
4067:Wikiquote
3086:The Grant
3061:Skybridge
3021:Plaza 440
2936:NBC Tower
2430:musicians
2371:Landmarks
2339:Geography
2322:companies
2061:Wisconsin
2026:Tennessee
1931:Minnesota
1906:Louisiana
1528:buildings
1499:Libraries
1427:Education
903:: 73–80.
897:Perspecta
363:in 1961.
226:Architect
4043:Category
3579:See also
3264:Art Deco
3252:See also
2502:Category
2364:timeline
2359:politics
2217:Category
2046:Virginia
1996:Oklahoma
1976:New York
1951:Nebraska
1941:Missouri
1926:Michigan
1916:Maryland
1901:Kentucky
1881:Illinois
1856:Delaware
1846:Colorado
1836:Arkansas
1691:stations
1649:Harrison
1632:stations
1618:Template
1606:Template
712:July 20,
626:See also
537:300,000
267:70000231
171:Location
4055:Commons
3291:italics
2464:Tourism
2435:theater
2398:Museums
2354:History
2317:Economy
2307:Culture
2280:Climate
2275:Beaches
2259:Chicago
2163:Related
2066:Wyoming
2041:Vermont
1946:Montana
1886:Indiana
1866:Georgia
1861:Florida
1831:Arizona
1821:Alabama
1654:LaSalle
1250:May 13,
1224:May 13,
917:1566883
616:Gensler
574:92,903
540:27,871
523:90,000
510:60,000
497:32,000
245:Part of
3904:(1913)
3896:(1914)
3888:(1914)
3880:(1911)
3872:(1917)
3864:(1908)
3856:(1914)
3848:(1891)
3840:(1922)
3832:(1882)
3824:(1914)
3816:(1903)
3808:(1913)
3800:(1883)
3792:(1898)
3784:(1919)
3776:(1890)
3768:(1892)
3760:(1909)
3732:(1899)
3724:(1899)
3716:(1894)
3708:(1894)
3700:(1892)
3692:(1892)
3684:(1890)
3676:(1890)
3659:(1889)
3651:(1897)
2604:floors
2492:Portal
2459:Sports
2420:People
2349:Harbor
2001:Oregon
1956:Nevada
1896:Kansas
1871:Hawaii
1826:Alaska
1762:Topics
1669:Quincy
1341:(part)
915:
833:
620:Target
610:, the
526:8,361
513:5,574
500:2,973
484:2,500
3997:Other
2425:music
2408:Parks
2381:Media
2300:gangs
2295:Crime
2133:Palau
2031:Texas
1911:Maine
1876:Idaho
1689:Metra
1317:Areas
913:JSTOR
561:1961
545:1906
531:1898
518:1890
505:1885
492:1881
479:1872
465:Year
347:) to
218:Built
2941:NEMA
2738:Aqua
2447:list
2413:list
2334:Flag
2087:Guam
2036:Utah
1991:Ohio
1891:Iowa
1252:2024
1226:2024
1200:2012
1172:2011
1144:2010
1115:2020
1067:2010
1039:2023
1013:2023
977:2023
951:2020
864:2020
831:ISBN
810:2020
778:2010
714:2008
614:and
487:232
311:The
221:1899
1630:CTA
905:doi
799:hdl
331:in
319:or
262:No.
4085::
1243:.
1217:.
1191:.
1161:.
1134:.
1103:.
1083:.
1057:.
1030:.
1003:.
967:.
939:.
925:^
911:.
899:.
853:.
731:.
700:.
664:.
658:.
374:.
335:.
4024:"
4020:"
3626:e
3619:t
3612:v
3350:,
3345:,
3324:e
3317:t
3310:v
2536:e
2529:t
2522:v
2251:e
2244:t
2237:v
1817::
1747:e
1740:t
1733:v
1302:e
1295:t
1288:v
1254:.
1228:.
1202:.
1174:.
1146:.
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