West Sumatra - Knowledge

1581: 1433:, Jacob Pits whose territory included from Kotawan in the south to Barus in the north sent a letter dated October 9, 1668 addressed to the Ahmadsyah Sultan, Iskandar Zur-Karnain, the Minangkabau ruler who was rich in gold, was told the VOC controlled the west coast area so that the gold trade can be re-flowed through the coast. According to Dutch records, Sultan Ahmadsyah died in 1674 and was replaced by his son Sultan Indermasyah. When the VOC succeeded in expelling the Aceh Sultanate from the coast of West Sumatra in 1666, Aceh's influence weakened on Pagaruyung. The relationship between the outer regions and the coast with the Kingdom of Pagaruyung becomes closer. At the time Pagaruyung was one of the trading centers on the island of Sumatra, due to its production of gold, it attracted the attention of the 1077: 4359: 4159: 832:) which came from the sea and would conquer what is now West Sumatra. To prevent fighting in the region, the local people propose a cattle race competition with the foreign forces. The foreign forces agreed and sent a large and aggressive cattle to the competition, while the local community sent a cattle calf who was still breastfeeding to the competition. In the competition, the cattle calf who was still breastfeeding thought the large and aggressive cattle was the mother. So the calf immediately ran towards the large and aggressive cattle to find milk until he tore apart the big cattle's stomach. The victory inspired the local people to use the name 7515: 1571:, and Raffles intended to appoint Yang Dipertuan Ali Alamsyah who he considered to be the direct descendant of the Minangkabau kings as a king under British protection. After the end of the Padri War, Tuan Gadang of Batipuh asked the Dutch East Indies government to give a higher position than just as the Tanah Datar Regent which he held after replacing Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah, but this request was rejected by the Dutch, this later included one of the drivers of the outbreak of the 1841 rebellion in Batipuh in addition to the 3913: 3941: 136: 4551: 1976:, similar to most other Indonesian provinces. Throughout the year the province is only affected by two seasons, namely the rainy season and the dry season. The air temperature varies from 24.7 to 32.9 degrees Celsius with air humidity levels ranging from 82% to 88%. The relative rainy season falls from October to April. Variation in rainfall ranges from 2,100 mm to 3,264 mm. The month December is the month with the most rainfall. While the dry season usually starts in June to September. 7319: 77: 4912: 3780: 4436: 1393: 3929: 3953: 7069: 7056: 1261: 4167: 4342:

3,052 billion, or 95.60% of total investment, while small industries the investment is only Rp. 1,412 billion or 4.40% of the total investment. The value of the production of large medium industries in 2001 reached Rp. 1,623 billion, which is 60% of the total production value, and the value of small industrial production only reaches Rp. 1,090 billion, or 40% of the total value of production.

1092:, in the period between the 1st century to the 16th century, many small kingdoms stood on what is now West Sumatra. These kingdoms included the Kuntu, Kandis, Siguntur, Pasumayan Koto Batu, Batu Patah, Sungai Pagu, Inderapura, Jambu Lipo, Taraguang, Dusun Tuo, Bungo Setangkai, Talu, Kinali, Parit Batu, Pulau Punjung. These kingdoms were short lived, and are usually under the influence of larger kingdoms, such as 2768: 5059: 3975: 2630: 7161: 2751: 2733: 4311: 1518:

visited Pagaruyung and promised them assistance. On February 10, 1821, Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah, the nephew of Sultan Arifin Muningsyah, in Padang along with 19 other traditional leaders signed an agreement with the Dutch to cooperate in fighting the Padri, even though he was considered not entitled to make an agreement on behalf of the kingdom of Pagaruyung. As a result of this agreement,

1404: 4686: 4331: 975: 7174: 2786: 4063: 7130: 7121: 7082: 7146: 7113: 3809:. West Sumatran have historically played the important role within the Muslim community in Indonesia. Up until today the region is considered one of the strongholds of Islam in Indonesia. They have a reputation as traders, intellectuals as well as politically savvy people who have successfully exported their culture, language, cuisine and beliefs throughout Indonesia. 540: 525: 7098: 3791: 4242: 4355:

finance, hotels, restaurants and travel agents. The growth of hotels in West Sumatra in the last three years has been quite rapid. This is in line with the increasing number of tourists who come to this province. During 2012 there were 36,623 foreign tourists visiting West Sumatra, an increase of 8.27% compared to last year which was 33,827 tourists.

4751: 4541: 2647:. With the enactment of Law No. 5 of 1979 concerning village governance, the status of nagari was eliminated and replaced with villages, and several jorong statuses were upgraded to villages. The position of nagari guardians was also removed and government administration was carried out by village heads. But since the onset of 1821:, PKI-organised squatters' movements and campaigns against foreign businesses in Sumatra's plantations provoked quick reprisals against Communists. Repression against alleged PKI members and sympathizers continued for several years. As late as 1976 mass lay-offs of former members of the communist plantation workers' union 4869:, and skin are made to be Minangkabau delicacies. Seafood is popular in coastal West Sumatran cities, and most are grilled or fried with spicy chili sauce or in curry gravy. Fish, shrimp, and cuttlefish are cooked in similar fashion. Most of Minangkabau food is eaten with hot steamed rice or compressed rice such as 3359:) as at 2023. The coastal cities and regencies include 219 offshore islands (large enough to have names), of which 111 comprise the Mentawai Islands Regency, 26 are in West Pasaman Regency, 2 in Agam Regency, 2 in Padang Pariaman Regency, 4 in Pariaman City, 21 in Padang City and 49 in South Pesisir Regency. 4579:. The Mentawai Islands are a popular destination for surfers and those looking to experience the culture and more primitive lifestyle of the Mentawai people. For developing West Sumatra tourism, in 2006 the government opened tourist train railway service run between Padang – Padang Panjang – Sawahlunto. The 4284:

was only 3.29%. The high economic growth of West Sumatra in the past three years has reduced poverty in the province from 6.28% (2020) to 5.92% (2022). For the Gross Regional Domestic Revenue (GRDP), in 2022 the province had a GRDP of Rp 285.4 trillion, with a GDP per capita of Rp 50.6 million.

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Most of the population working is absorbed in the agricultural sector. Employment in this sector is able to absorb 29.27% of the existing workforce. However, this absorption percentage increase compared to the previous year which was 28.36%. Meanwhile, the percentage of working population absorbed in

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The nuances of Minangkabau in every West Sumatra music mixed with any type of music at this time will definitely be seen from every song that circulates in the community. This is because Minang music can be formulated with any kind of music that makes it pleasant to hear and acceptable to the public.

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to expel the Dutch from the region which the British did not respond to. But in 1781, the British managed to control Padang for a short period of time, and messengers from Pagaruyung congratulated the success of the British in expelling the Dutch from Padang. Minangkabau land has long been considered

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and Nurseha are well-known West Sumatra singers in the 1970s to the present. At present the singers, songwriters and music stylists in West Sumatra are under the auspices of the PAPPRI organization (Association of Indonesian Singer Music Songwriters) and PARMI (Indonesian Minang Artist Association).

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The music industry in West Sumatra is growing with the emergence of Minangkabau artists who can blend modern music into traditional Minangkabau music. The development of modern Minang music in West Sumatra dates back to the 1950s, marked by the birth of the Gumarang Orchestra. Elly Kasim, Tiar Ramon

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that hit the region. The impact of this disaster was seen in quarter IV-2009, where economic growth only reached 0.90%. But now the economy of West Sumatra has improved, with growth rates above the national average. In 2022 the West Sumatra economy grew by 4.36%, better than the previous year which

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The Province of West Sumatra is led by a governor who is elected directly with his representative for a 5-year term. In addition to being a regional government, the Governor also acts as a representative or extension of the central government in the province, whose authority is regulated in Law No.

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There are 25 islands at Pesisir Selatan Regency potential to be tourist sites. Cubadak Island (9 hectares), Pagang Island (12 hectares) and Pulau Penyu (Turtle Island) have been developed well. At the northern part will be developed Semangki Besar Island, Semangki Kecil Island, Marak Island, Setan

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The development of various banking indicators in the fourth quarter of 2012 showed improvement in line with the recovery in the post-earthquake economic conditions. In 2012, the total assets of commercial banks in the province reached Rp. 40.1 trillion with the value of lending by commercial

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The return of the economy of West Sumatra in the aftermath of the earthquake and the recovery of the global economy, especially in the central Sumatra zone, was also a driving factor for the re-moving of the service sector (7.38%). The service sectors that are quite important in this province are

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shaped like tiger nails. Keris are usually used by men and placed on the front, and are generally used by the princes, especially in any official event, especially in the event of a gala or inaugural title, but it is also commonly used by the bridegroom in the community wedding ceremony the local

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970-meter long overpass was ready to be opened to the public and was in the trial stage which will be opened for vehicles in April 2012. Kelok Sembilan means 9 sharp turns is an area through which a road with tight bends passes through hilly terrain in the middle of a valley, a nice scenery, but

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Opportunities that occur in village government are the emergence of individualistic economic growth. This condition is a result of dependence on the central government, resulting in lack of independence. This condition can weaken the resilience of the area of the economy itself. However, now the

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considered it a sign of surrender of the kingdom of Pagaruyung to the Dutch government. After the Dutch captured Pagaruyung from the Padri, in 1824 at the request of Lieutenant Colonel Raaff, Sultan Arifin Muningsyah returned to Pagaruyung, but in 1825, Sultan Arifin Muningsyah, the last king in

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In the fourth quarter of 2012, the agricultural sector experienced relatively high growth, driven by the stretching of the food crops subsector. In this quarter the growth of the agricultural sector reached 4.14%, higher than the previous quarter of 2.05%. The good performance of the plantation

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Along with the growth of the economy of West Sumatra, the number of workers needed is also increasing. This has led to a decline in unemployment rate in the province. Between February 2023 – February 2024, the number of unemployed people increased from 176,970 people to 178,840 people. The open

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The season in West Sumatra is similar to other regions in Indonesia, only known for two seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season. From June to September wind flows from Australia and do not contain much water vapor, resulting in a dry season. Conversely in December to March many wind

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attacked Pagaruyung in 1815. Sultan Arifin Muningsyah was forced to abdicate and escape from the royal capital to Lubuk Jambi. Under pressure by the Padri, the Pagaruyung royal family requested assistance from the Dutch, and before that they had conducted diplomacy with the British when Raffles

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The political culture that lived in the West Sumatra village government since the policy of uniformity (Law No.5 of 1979) was applied to the parochial political culture. this condition is seen through the power system, the ruling system, the terms of the ruler, and the role of the ruler in the

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The Census population of West Sumatra was 2.8 million in 1971, 3.4 million in 1980, 4.0 million in 1990, 4.25 million in 2000, 4.85 million in 2010, and 5.53 million in 2020, of whom 2,786,360 were male and 2,748,112 were female. In 2010, 88% were recorded by the

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Nagari government is an autonomous government structure, has a clear territory and adheres to adat as a regulator of the life of its members. the regency replaced the term village government that was used previously. Whereas for the nagari in the city government system still as a traditional

1559:(present-day Jakarta) until his death, and was buried in the Mangga Dua cemetery. After the fall, the influence and prestige of the kingdom of Pagaruyung remained high, especially among Minangkabau people who were overseas. One of Pagaruyung's royal heirs was invited to become a ruler in 4341:

The West Sumatra industry is dominated by small scale industries or households. The number of industrial units is 47,819 units, consisting of 47,585 small industrial units and 234 large medium industrial units, with a ratio of 203: 1. In 2001 large medium industry investment reached Rp

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consists of 7 of the regencies in the province (Mentawai Islands, Pesisir Selatan, Solok, Sikunjung, Tanah Datar, South Solok and Dharmasraya), together with 4 cities (Padang Panjang, Padang, Solok and Sawahlunto), and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. The

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which has several dialects, such as the Bukittinggi dialect, Pariaman dialect, South Coastal dialect, and Payakumbuh dialect. In the Pasaman and West Pasaman regions bordering North Sumatra, the Batak Mandailing dialect is also spoken. Meanwhile, in the Mentawai archipelago, the

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of West Sumatra have been cited as areas which were particularly active in communism. During the PRRI rebellion, the insurgents arrested leftist activists and placed them in detention camps in West Sumatra. PKI cadres were detained at Situjuh and Suliki, while followers of the

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declined from 5.90% to 5.79%. This figure is above the national average in February 2024 which reached 4.82%. In February 2024, the number of West Sumatra's workforce reached 3.09 million people, an increase of 86,780 people compared to the total workforce in February 2023.

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Minangkabau music in the form of instrumental and songs from this area are generally melancholy. This is closely related to the structure of the community which has a sense of brotherhood, kinship relations and love of a high homeland supported by the habit of going abroad.

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Natural attractions of the mainland include the tropical forests, mountains, volcanos, lakes, valleys, rivers & waterfalls in the highlands, the fauna and flora, and the beaches around Padang. Many areas are protected as part of national parks and reserves. The city of

729:, although the traditional Minangkabau region is actually wider than the province's boundaries, covering up to the western coast of North Sumatra, the southwestern coast of Aceh, the western region of Riau, the western region of Jambi, the northern region of Bengkulu, and 4574:

is a popular central location in the highlands from which to explore the culture and history of the Minangkabau people, including architecture, crafts, dances, music and food. There are a number of museums and cultural centers. Pariaman has one of the famous festivals,

4934:(serve) style Padang restaurant, after the customers are seated, they do not have to order. The waiter immediately serves the dishes directly to the table, and the table will quickly be set with dozens of small dishes filled with highly flavored foods such as beef 2671:

villages of West Sumatra have tried to build efforts to facilitate the political policies of the village government or since exchanging back into nagari, namely changing the structure and process between village government structures made under Law No. 5 of 1979.

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rebellion, based on emergency law number 19 of 1957, Central Sumatra Province was further divided into three provinces: West Sumatra Province, Riau Province, and Jambi Province. The Kerinci region which was previously incorporated in the South Sumatra Regency of

4087:. The peculiarities of Minangkabau dance are generally influenced by the Islamic religion, the uniqueness of matrilineal customs and the habit of migrating their communities also give a great influence on the soul of a classical dance that is classic, including 5881:

Memoir of the Life and Public Services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles: Particularly in the Government of Java, 1811–1816, Bencoolen and Its Dependencies, 1817–1824: With Details of the Commerce and Resources of the Eastern Archipelago, and Selections from His

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The kinship system in developing participant political culture began to shift, in terms of the level of sensitivity, the form of tolerance in kinship, and the role of seniority in kinship. This means that the lack of togetherness in the kinship power system.

1425:, and to recognize the designated Aceh governors for the west coast of Sumatra. But around 1665, the Minangkabau people on the west coast rebelled against the Aceh governor. From the letter of the Minangkabau ruler Raja Pagaruyung submitted a request to the 2620:

While the relationship between the provincial government and the regency and city governments is not a sub-ordinate, each of these regional governments governs and manages government affairs according to the principle of autonomy and co-administration.

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who had sent spears and swords made from gold, as a sign of her inauguration as the ruler of the land. While the Dutch and British succeeded in reaching the interior of the Minangkabau region, they had never found significant gold reserves in the area.

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For the cement processing industry, in 2012 West Sumatra produced 6,522,006 tons, higher than last year's 6,151,636 tons. While the sales volume in 2012 was 6,845,070 tons, an increase of 10.20% compared to last year which was 6,211,603 tons.

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consists of the remaining 5 regencies (Padang Pariaman, Agam, Lima Puluk Kota, Pasaman and West Pasaman), together with the 3 cities of Bukittinggi, Pariaman and Payakumbuh, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council.

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is made in the form of a rectangle and is divided into two front and rear parts, generally made of wood, and at first glance it looks like a stilt house with a distinctive roof, prominent like a buffalo horn, the local people call it

6467: 5145: 1068:, but since the 19th century, the Minangkabau and the Malays began to be seen as distinguished, from the matrilineal culture of the Minangkabau that persisted compared to the patrilineal culture adopted by Malay society in general. 2718:

and seven autonomous cities, which lie outside any regency. The regencies and cities are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.

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warriors in short-range battles which are usually secret weapons, especially those using tiger martial arts moves. Various other types of weapons have also been used such as spears, long swords, arrows, chopsticks and so on.

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after the end of the 14th century had little effect, especially relating to the patrilineal system, and gave a relatively new phenomenon to the people in the interior of Minangkabau. At the beginning of the 16th century, the

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The history of Sumatra: containing an account of the government, laws, customs and manners of the native inhabitants, with a description of the natural productions, and a relation of the ancient political state of that

1551:. But the Dutch colonial ambitions caused the Adat and the Padri to forget their differences in secret to drive the Dutch away. On 2 May 1833 Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah was captured by Lieutenant Colonel Elout in 6295: 3978:

Two Datuks, Minangkabau tribal or village leader, are chatting among the preparation of cultural ceremony called Batagak Datuak or Batagak Penghulu (Inauguration of the Leader) in District of Kamang Magek, Agam, West

1498:. The power of the king of Pagaruyung was very weak in the days leading up to the Padri war, although the king was still respected by his subject. The areas on the western coast fell into the influence of Aceh, while 1527:

government had limited his authority and only appointed him the Regent of Tanah Datar. Because of the policy it encouraged Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah to start thinking about expelling the Dutch from the region.

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government one of the princes was chosen to become the guardian of the Nagari. Then in running the government, the nagari guardians are assisted by a number of jorong or jorong guardians, but now assisted by the

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currents contain water vapor from Asia and the Pacific Ocean during the rainy season. Such conditions occur every half-year after passing the transition period in between April – May and October – November.

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dietary law rigorously. Protein intake are mostly taken from beef, water buffalo, goat, lamb meat, and poultry and fish. Minangkabau people are known for their fondness of cattle meat products including

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between the British and the Netherlands was signed in 1814, the Dutch re-entered Padang in May 1819. The Dutch reaffirmed their influence on the island of Sumatra and Pagaruyung, with the signing of the

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banks amounting to Rp. 33.8 trillion. While the total assets of rural banks in the province reached Rp 1.53 trillion with the value of lending by the bank amounting to Rp 1.03 trillion.

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With the entry of Islam, the customary rules that are contrary to the teachings of Islam began to be replaced with the Islamic-based customary law. There is a famous Minangkabau custom proverb, "

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Before the reforms of 1999 and the implementation of regional autonomy in 2001, the lowest local government unit under the district administrations was the Javanese model of the village, the

2555:) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate. The climate is very much dictated by the surrounding sea and the prevailing wind system. It has high average temperature and high average rainfall. 5315:

Nāgarakrětāgama; Lofdicht van Prapanjtja op Koning Radjasanagara, Hajam Wuruk, van Madjapahit, Naar Het Eenige Daarvan Bekende Handschrift, Aangetroffen in de Puri te Tjakranagara op Lombok

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has a gonjong-shaped building, decorated with Minang carvings and calligraphy. There is also a mosque with a roof consisting of several levels, which are getting smaller and more concave.

1603:. Along with the fall of the Kingdom of Pagaruyung, and the involvement of the Dutch in the Padri War, the Dutch East Indies government began to make the interior of Minangkabau a part of 6656: 3882:

Various places of worship, which are dominated by mosques and musallas, can be found in every district and city in West Sumatra. The largest mosque is the Grand Mosque of West Sumatra

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to establish relations with Pagaruyung. It is recorded that in 1684, a Portuguese explorer named Tomas Dias paid a visit to Pagaruyung at the behest of the Dutch governor general in

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port in Padang is the largest and busiest on the western coast of Sumatra. It is used for exporting goods from West Sumatra as well as from some areas of the neighboring provinces.

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where the Dutch were on the French side, the British fought the Dutch and again succeeded in taking control of the coast of West Sumatra between 1795 and 1819. The British governor

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Record companies in West Sumatra that support the Minang music industry include: Tanama Record, Planet Record, Pitunang Record, Sinar Padang Record, Caroline Record located in

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in it to give a fresh scent. This water is used to wash one's hands before and after eating. If a customer does not wish to eat with bare hands, it is acceptable to ask for a

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West Sumatra is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Indonesia, due to its location in the tectonic slab located between the confluence of two major continental plates (the

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style. After the customer is seated, he or she is asked which dishes they desire. The chosen dishes will be put directly upon the steamed rice or in separate small plates.

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is inhabited jointly by five to ten families. In general, this uma construction was built without the use of nails, but it was cooked with wood and a cross-linking system.

1595:. Then with the strengthening of the political and economic influence of the VOC, until the 18th century this administrative region included the west coast of Sumatra from 3912: 7408: 6678: 6317: 1513:. In several negotiations there was no agreement between them. Pagaruyung's kingdom was in turmoil, and the peak of the war was when the Padri under the leadership of 4662:

Education is highly valued in the Minangkabau culture, therefore West Sumatra was once a center of education on the island of Sumatra, especially in the education of

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Hamka (12 Februari 1975). Pidato Prof. Dr. Hamka dalam upacara pemakaman kembali Sultan Alam Bagagar Syah di Balai Kota Jakarta. Jakarta:Penerbit Pustaka Panjimas.

4264:. While kerambit is a small sharp weapon that curves like a tiger's nails, because it is inspired by the hooves of the beast. This deadly weapon is used by Minang 1523:

Minangkabau, died and was later buried in Pagaruyung. Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah on the other hand wanted to be recognized as the king of Pagaruyung, but the

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Regular bus services run between Padang and Bukittinggi, and the other major cities of Sumatra. Other public transport options within the province include train,

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In 2015, about 44.2% of West Sumatran lived in urban areas. Most of the urban population of West Sumatra is concentrated in the centre-west coast of province and

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model which is considered more modern. Since Islamic scholars sponsored many village schools, West Sumatra had one of the highest literacy rates in Indonesia.

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international cycling race had boosted the number of the foreign tourists to West Sumatra. The majority of the foreign tourists are Malaysians and Australian.

6708: 1282:, written between 1513 and 1515, recorded from the three Minangkabau kings, only one of whom had been a Muslim convert from 15 years before. The influence of 7804: 1699: 693: 6740: 1076: 6958: 4793:(rice). No traditional Padang meal is complete without the three—spicy chili sauce, thick curry, and perfect steamed rice. Among the cooking traditions in 4358: 1016:

to the island of Sumatra around 2,500–2,000 years ago. It is estimated that this community group entered from the east of the island of Sumatra, along the

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The name West Sumatra originated in the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) era, where the designation of the area for the west coast of Sumatra was

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which is the ceremony of the transfer of power from Adityawarman to his crown prince, this can be attributed to the Chinese chronicle of 1377 about the

135: 7377: 7223: 1298:, was a cleric who was thought to first spread Islam in Pagaruyung. By the 17th century, the Kingdom of Pagaruyung transformed itself into an Islamic 788:

in Jambi. Before becoming a province in 1957, West Sumatra was a part of the province of Central Sumatra (1948–1957), alongside Riau, Jambi, and the

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Padang) for Indonesian workers' lunch break in urban areas, was demonstrated in 2016; when Jakarta municipal civil servants demanded the raise of

4970:, the spicy sauces ubiquitous at Indonesian tables. Customers take—and pay for—only what they want from this array. The best known Padang dish is 2644: 1726: 719: 6822: 7779: 7214: 6664: 6808: 6787: 6763: 6558: 6533: 6508: 6487: 6436: 6092: 6065: 6026: 6002: 5461: 5282: 5246: 2534: 1818: 7401: 1957: 1429:(VOC), and the VOC at that time took the opportunity to end Aceh's monopoly on gold and pepper. Furthermore, the VOC through its regent in 6934: 4192:

is usually built on a plot of land belonging to the parent family in the tribe and people from generation to generation. Not far from the

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Terusan Island, and Karao Island. At the southern part will be developed Kerabak Ketek Island, Kerabak Gadang Island, and Kosong Island.

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cause congestion. After the overpass opens, the old Kelok Sembilan road is still open together with the new Kelok Sembilan for tourists.

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Around 1750 the Pagaruyung kingdom began to dislike the presence of the VOC in Padang and once tried to persuade the British who were in

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in restaurants customers choose from those dishes, which are left on display in high-stacked plates in the windows. During a dine-in

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West Sumatra has the potential of group A, B and C mining materials. Group A mining materials, namely coal, are found in the city of

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began. At that time Raffles discovered that the capital city of the kingdom had been burned because of the war. After the signing of

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on the southern coast practically became an independent kingdom although officially still under the rule of the king of Pagaruyung.

5331:. Translated by Wade, Geoff. Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore. 2005. 4666:

by mosque as the main base place. During the colonial rule Islamic schools of education are so marginalized in comparison with the

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are only found in big cities, such as Padang, Bukittinggi, and Payakumbuh. In Padang and Pariaman, there are also small numbers of

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temple, the areas that were formerly part of Adityawarman's land. Whereas the recorded devout adherents besides Adityawarman, were

1199:. Adityawarman's kingdom had the strength to dominate the central Sumatra region and its surrounding. This was proven by the title 6877: 4158: 1336:

and several other terms related to Islam. The naming of the Sumpur Kudus District, which contains the words derived from the word

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Franz and Keebet von Benda-Beckmann, "Recentralization and Decentralization in West Sumatra," in Holtzappel and Ramstedt (eds.),

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and are translated as the meeting point of twin rivers. The twin river is supposed to refer to the meeting of two sources of the

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live on the Mentawai Islands, off the western coast of Sumatra, that are also part of the native people of province. They speak

7836: 7394: 5738:, Batavia-'s Hage, Albrecht & Co.-M. Nijhoff. 40p. 8vo wrs. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Deel 39. 5502: 954: 769: 4710:, the biggest stadium in West Sumatra. After 1 season of an impressive season, in 2024 Semen Padang FC returned to compete in 4562:

The prime tourist attractions of West Sumatra are the natural environment, and the culture and history of the Minangkabau and

3952: 1313:. But in some cases, several systems and methods of adat were still maintained causing the outbreak of civil war known as the 5082: 1615:. Furthermore, in the development of the colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies, this area was incorporated in the 1173:. Jayanagara was born from the marriage of Raden Wijaya and Dara Petak, who would become the second king of Majapahit, while 7318: 6686: 6327: 6032: 7841: 7019: 6380:) as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023. 5794: 1952:, plus the activity of the active volcanoes. Large earthquakes that occurred recently in West Sumatra earthquake were the 1286:

in Pagaruyung developed around the 16th century, namely through travelers and religious teachers who stopped or came from

991: 3858:

is widely understood as a second-language. It is used as the language of education as well as interethnic communication.

7551: 4729: 3903: 3883: 2605: 1272: 4226:

also have a traditional house in the form of a large stilt house with a floor height of up to one meter of land called

3928: 1332:

Islam also had an influence on Pagaruyung kingdom's government system with the addition of government elements such as

7747: 7514: 2545: 1241:

region. Some inland areas of central Sumatra are still influenced by Buddhism, evident in the Padangroco temple, the

692:. The official estimate at mid 2023 was 5,757,210 (comprising 2,900,270 males and 2,856,940 females). The province is 4279:

Gradually, the economy of West Sumatra began to move positively after experiencing pressure due to the impact of the

5897:

Herinneringen uit den Levensloop van een Indisch Ambtenaar van 1815 tot 1851: Medegedeeld in briefen door E. Francis

4418:. Group C mining materials spread throughout all districts and cities, mostly consisting of sand, stone and gravel. 3765:

rank as West Sumatra's next most populous cities, with populations of 144,830 and 124,050 respectively in mid 2023.

1817:, where communism was active. Numerous examples of anti-communist resentment also occurred, for instance during the 7207: 6700: 5087: 4486:. The provincial government plans to upgrade the later two roads over the next few years to improve traffic flows. 1556: 1495: 1490: 761: 684:

to the south. The province has an area of 42,119.54 km (16,262.45 sq mi), or about the same size as

1983:

The city of Padang is one of Indonesia's wettest cities, with frequent rainfall throughout the course of the year.

1623:

region which had just been surrendered by the British to the Dutch. Then expanded again by including Tapanuli and

6292:"Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Provinsi Sumatera Barat Menurut Kabupaten/Kota [Metode Baru] 2018–2020" 1961: 1254: 1203:

which was held by Adityawarman recorded on the back of the Amoghapasa carving, found in the upper reaches of the

1192: 1108: 922: 910: 6950: 4736:

and runs through inland West Sumatran cities. This sporting event is also meant to promote West Sumatra tourism

7327: 7268: 6258: 6143: 4555: 4280: 4128:

dance generally tells about animal behavior, so the title is adjusted to the names of the animals, for example

3876: 3666: 2858: 1973: 1846: 1763: 1667: 1647: 1426: 701: 612: 254: 6572:

Sistem ekonomi tradisional sebagai perwujudan tanggapan aktif manusia terhadap lingkungan daerah Sumatra Barat

6460: 1745:. West Sumatra, Riau and Jambi were part of the residency within the province of Central Sumatra. During the 7464: 7283: 7273: 7263: 4707: 4407: 3757:

is the major metropolitan areas with the population of 942,940 in mid 2023; Minangkabau highlands cities of

3588: 3575: 3557: 3368: 3049: 2995: 2887: 2594: 1953: 1810: 1421:

At the beginning of the 17th century, the Pagaruyung Kingdom was forced to recognize the sovereignty of the

1212: 1150: 843: 533: 512: 483: 5332: 3875:

is the majority religion adopted by 97% of the population of West Sumatra. Christians, concentrated in the

3677:

As a new regency, Dharmasraya got the highest score (59.43) from a possible 100 among other new regencies.

7417: 4806: 4550: 4467: 2715: 2563:

The province includes large areas of dense tropical forest, which is home to a host of species including:

2516: 1461:

with the equal power. Previously in 1732, the VOC regent in Padang had noted that there was a queen named

1295: 1191:

influence in western Sumatra emerged around the 13th century, and began during the Pamalayu expedition by

1144: 689: 653: 51: 6574:, hlm. 202, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Kebudayaan Daerah. 708:, although several of them are relatively low in population compared with cities elsewhere in Indonesia. 7831: 7757: 7731: 7200: 6363: 5813: 3867: 3750: 3700: 2601: 1945: 1814: 1065: 6523: 5195: 1845:

mountain range that runs from north-west to south-east, and an offshore island archipelago called the

990:

passed from generation to generation, the ancestors of the Minangkabau people were the descendants of

7604: 7426: 7308: 6704: 6159: 5159: 5141: 4507: 3887: 3840: 3802: 3723: 3627: 3372: 3159: 1949: 415: 250: 200: 122: 100: 5973: 5542: 7303: 7298: 7258: 7245: 5748: 4911: 4415: 4403: 3969: 3895: 3855: 3820: 3779: 3688: 3682: 3614: 3544: 3531: 3132: 3103: 2968: 2639: 1898: 1474: 1208: 1132: 998: 961:

has nothing to do with "meeting point", because these can also be found in other Srivijaya relics.

871: 861: 697: 645: 588: 572: 410: 373: 265: 6530: 6428: 6018:

Change and continuity in Minangkabau: local, regional, and historical perspectives on West Sumatra

3699:

The province comprises two of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the

7698: 7660: 7622: 7617: 7574: 5861: 5717: 5524: 5024:

are Sederhana, Garuda, Pagi Sore, Simpang Raya, Sari Ratu, Sari Minang, Payakumbuah and Natrabu.

4939: 4794: 4768: 4711: 4674: 4177: 4080: 3902:. The typical Minangkabau architecture dominates both the form of the mosque and the musala. The 3783: 3774: 3727: 2565: 1874: 1803: 1759: 1663: 1624: 1573: 1407: 1178: 950: 805: 753: 726: 349: 5402: 3692:, which are larger than villages elsewhere in Indonesia, have been reintroduced in place of the 1906: 1902: 1786: 1380:(Mu'alim), which is a substitute for Hindu and Buddhist terms used previously, such as the term 1103:

is estimated to have appeared in the year 645 thought to be located in the upper reaches of the

929:. Some experts who refer to the source of the inscription suspects that the 4th line words (... 668:

off that coast. West Sumatra borders the Indian Ocean to the west, as well as the provinces of

7683: 7288: 6931: 6804: 6783: 6759: 6629: 6608: 6588: 6554: 6504: 6483: 6121: 6088: 6082: 6061: 6022: 5998: 5821: 5756: 5679: 5575: 5550: 5482: 5457: 5278: 5242: 5020:

alone there are at least 20,000 Padang restaurant establishments. Several notable Minangkabau

5012:

There are myriad Padang food establishments throughout Indonesia and the region, according to

4721: 4717: 4691: 4667: 4612: 4580: 4529: 4452: 4391: 4379: 4294: 4170: 3845: 3816: 3735: 3640: 2941: 2686: 2464: 1882: 1878: 1842: 1524: 1392: 1204: 1116: 1104: 1049: 946: 494: 465: 436: 420: 363: 359: 6756:

The Transnational and the Local in the Politics of Islam: The Case of West Sumatra, Indonesia

6255:"Review UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1979 dan UU Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 Relasi Vertikal dan Horizontal Desa" 1825:

members took place in Sumatra, actions motivated by the communist past of these individuals.

7716: 7640: 7589: 7584: 7438: 6322: 6177: 6167: 5853: 5420: 5234: 5228: 5064: 5021: 4702:

West Sumatra is also home of several professional soccer clubs. The most popular of them is

4302:

the trade sector again increased, from 19.83% in February 2023 to 22.81% in February 2024.

2648: 1922: 1482: 1234: 665: 6911: 4435: 4202:

that functions as a place of worship and a place of residence for unmarried adult men. The

7752: 7726: 7594: 7579: 7278: 6938: 6735: 6537: 6527: 6464: 6128: 4963: 4892:

In Padang food establishments, it is common to eat with one's hands. They usually provide

4563: 4456: 4411: 4223: 4084: 3812: 3794: 3743: 3739: 3653: 3076: 3000: 2946: 1751: 1738: 1568: 1564: 1478: 1121: 880: 785: 742: 732: 369: 354: 6201: 6163: 1403: 1309:", which means that the Minangkabau adat is based on Islam, while Islam is based on the 1177:

was born from the marriage of Dara Jingga and Adwayawarman; he later became king of the

889:

as one of the Malay countries that has been conquered by the Majapahit. Likewise in the

7711: 7675: 7655: 7650: 7345: 7192: 5841: 5450: 4802: 4764: 4745: 4733: 4696: 4626: 4440: 3849: 3461: 3371:(HDI). The figures come from the 2020 Indonesia Human Development Report, published by 3257: 3081: 2795: 2570: 1941: 1930: 1914: 1862: 1794: 1755: 1711: 1548: 1514: 1470: 1453:

rich in gold, and at that time the power of the Minangkabau king was divided into king

1438: 1422: 1260: 1100: 1093: 898: 781: 773: 6996: 4166: 828:, it is said that at one time there was a foreign kingdom (usually interpreted as the 7825: 7809: 7706: 7665: 7499: 7484: 7293: 7074: 7061: 6432: 4725: 4621: 4544: 4399: 3899: 3601: 3166: 3137: 2914: 2582: 2578: 2390: 1910: 1894: 1890: 1858: 1850: 1742: 1734: 1540: 1278: 1196: 749:

is a predominant religion in the province, with about 97.4% of the total population.

669: 5650:

Basel, J.L. (1847). "Begin en Voortgang van onzen Handel en Voortgang op Westkust".

5181: 4211:

and the roof was formerly made from palm fiber before changing to a zinc roof. This

1849:. The West Sumatran coastline faces the Indian Ocean and stretches 375 km from 7688: 7536: 7494: 7253: 6057:

Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia

5041:(food allowance, as a component of civil servant's salary), following the raise of 4897: 4842: 4786: 4772: 4703: 4635: 4460: 4315: 4188: 4182: 4153: 4107: 3989:

The musical elements giving the nuance consist of traditional musical instruments,

3974: 3731: 3503: 3027: 3022: 2767: 2629: 1926: 1918: 1886: 1870: 1729:

in 1945, the West Sumatra region was incorporated in the Sumatra province based in

1607:, an area under Dutch supervision, and the Minangkabau region was divided into the 1535:

in Java, the Dutch then tried to conquer the Padri with shipments of soldiers from

1434: 1326: 1174: 1170: 1162: 1081: 1017: 1006: 1002: 994: 979: 942: 890: 789: 765: 757: 390: 270: 7011: 6342:

Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges

5818:

To live as brothers: southeast Sumatra in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

4603:

Air Manih beach – The beach that stretch from the north to south of Padang coastal

4310: 1169:, as well as the heir to the Singhasari kingdom, while Dara Jingga was married to 6551:

Asal usul elite Minangkabau modern: respons terhadap kolonial Belanda abad XIX/XX

6055: 6016: 1302:. The first Islamic king in the Minangkabau traditional culture was Sultan Alif. 7721: 7335: 5128:

Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape

5043: 5006: 4976: 4926: 4850: 4651: 4631: 4571: 4514: 4479: 4395: 4093: 4056: 3824: 3762: 3414: 3280: 2973: 2756: 2750: 2732: 1866: 1806: 1790: 1730: 1552: 1519: 1265: 1250: 1246: 1158: 1013: 848:

which also mentions that the victory made the country that was previously named

685: 6416:

Competitiveness Analysis And Development Strategies For 33 Indonesian Provinces

5238: 5230:

Competitiveness Analysis and Development Strategies for 33 Indonesian Provinces

4685: 4330: 4322:

sector in 2012 has sustained the growth of the agricultural industry by 4.07%.

974: 7566: 7360: 7355: 5054: 5001: 4980:(crispy beef in spicy soup) is local residents' breakfast favorite, meanwhile 4756: 4594: 4590: 4375: 4363: 4062: 3758: 3489: 3433: 3303: 3234: 3110: 2774: 1934: 1600: 1499: 1154: 1140: 760:

in 1347. The first European to come to the region was a French traveler named

17: 6501:

Theater and martial arts in West Sumatra: Randai and silek of the Minangkabau

2706:(nagari residents) democratically in direct elections for 6 years in office. 2633:

Minangkabau settlement in Nagari Koto Baru, now known as Seribu Rumah Gadang.

1012:

The Minang community is part of the Deutro-Malay community who migrated from

173: 160: 7645: 7556: 7541: 5857: 5676:

Islamic revivalism in a changing peasant economy: central Sumatra, 1784–1847

5547:

Runtuhnya Kerajaan Hindu-Jawa dan Timbulnya Negara-negara Islam di Nusantara

5531:. Pusat Penelitian Purbakala dan Peninggalan Nasional, Departemen P & K. 4886: 4862: 4858: 4483: 4001: 3054: 2865: 2785: 2586: 1754:, was incorporated into Jambi Province as a separate regency. Likewise, the 1486: 1411: 1397: 1314: 1166: 1127: 1112: 1060:, headed by a resident who by the Minangkabau community was called the name 1005:

who also tells how the Minangkabau people sent their representatives to ask

918: 829: 657: 427: 193: 5939:

Het einde Padri Oorlog: Het beleg en de vermeestering van Bondjol 1834–1837

4673:

West Sumatra is home to several universities, the most notable of which is

3790: 2667:

institution, it has not become part of the regional government structure.

2637:

Until 1979, the smallest administrative unit in West Sumatra was called a

7632: 7469: 7386: 7350: 7166: 6172: 6147: 4943: 4525: 4387: 4256: 3475: 3326: 2590: 1854: 1822: 1782: 1544: 1532: 1449: 1415: 1229: 1216: 1188: 1184: 1136: 914: 738: 681: 444: 400: 395: 5865: 4241: 1153:, the Pamalayu returned to Java with the daughters of King Dharmasraya, 7546: 7479: 7451: 7430: 6605:

Mengenal Rumah Adat, Pakaian Adat, Tarian Adat, Dan Senjata Tradisional

6391:"BPS – Persentase Penduduk Daerah Perkotaan Menurut Provinsi 2010–2035" 5017: 4993: 4971: 4955: 4935: 4917: 4878: 4874: 4798: 4750: 4502: 4490: 4475: 4032: 3991: 2919: 2574: 1834: 1774: 1770: 1733:. Four years later, Sumatra Province was divided into three provinces: 1560: 1442: 1325:, who were the Minangkabau nobility and traditional chiefs; later, the 1291: 1224: 1009:, one of the descendants of Iskandar Zulkarnain, to become their king. 902: 661: 205: 6182: 6132:. Ann Arbor, Mich: The University of Michigan Press, 1995. pp. 163–164 5638:

Achehnese Control over West Sumatra up to the Treaty of Painan of 1663

4732:(UCI). It covers more than 700 kilometers, from Padang passing around 3801:

West Sumatra is the native homeland of Minangkabau people. They speak

3347:

The cities and regencies are together sub-divided into 179 districts (

1809:

and other groups were detained at the Muara Labuh camp. Incidentally,

1064:

Initially, The Minangkabau people were included as a sub-group of the

601: 7531: 7340: 7237: 6457: 5925:

De vestiging en uitbreiding der Nederlanders ter westkust van Sumatra

5778:

Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles

5452:

Leaves of the Same Tree: Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka

5029: 4967: 4866: 4854: 4834: 4817: 4775:

and spicy chili. Minang cuisine put much emphasis in three elements;

4640: 4576: 4521: 4383: 4335: 4113: 4079:

Broadly speaking, dance from West Sumatra is from the customs of the

4067: 4052: 3891: 3828: 3806: 3754: 3400: 3188: 2892: 2739: 1798: 1778: 1430: 1369: 1353: 1299: 1220: 1131:

recorded the existence of the Malay Kingdom which had its capital in

712: 432: 227: 6254: 6122:

Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra's Plantation Belt, 1870–1979

5328: 4654:" or Plate Dance which is originally came from Solok, West Sumatra. 4540: 1837:, and has an area of 42,119.54 km. Geographic features include 820:(cattle). The name is associated with a Minangkabau legend known as 4245:

Tari Piring ("plate dance") from Minangkabau region of West Sumatra

7474: 7365: 7179: 6468:

Kampung Keling, Tempat Tinggal Muslim India di Pariaman dan Padang

4989: 4985: 4951: 4947: 4910: 4901: 4882: 4846: 4826: 4821: 4810: 4777: 4749: 4684: 4663: 4549: 4539: 4498: 4471: 4470:

which runs the length of the province, heading north-west towards

4463:

in Malaysia, as well as servicing most large cities in Indonesia.

4434: 4357: 4329: 4309: 4266: 4240: 4198: 4165: 4157: 4061: 4006: 3973: 3919: 3872: 3789: 3778: 3447: 3211: 2791: 1838: 1680: 1596: 1579: 1402: 1391: 1318: 1310: 1283: 1259: 1139:

emerged in 1275–1293 under the leadership of Kebo Anabrang of the

1075: 973: 746: 677: 385: 6021:. Ohio University Center for International Studies. p. 228. 1773:

has historically had an influence in the politics and society of

508: 479: 7612: 7523: 7489: 7459: 7135: 7087: 5477:

Mahāwitthayālai Sinlapākō̜n; Phāk Wichā Phāsā Tawanʻō̜k (2003).

4959: 4905: 4838: 4251: 1877:(5.0 km). Most of the rivers in West Sumatra flow into the 1673: 1634: 1536: 1287: 840:" (winning cattle). The story of the Tambo is also found in the 705: 673: 559: 7390: 7196: 7015: 6823:"Semen Padang FC Promosi ke Liga 1 Usai Taklukkan Malut United" 5505:(1989). "Peranan Adityawarman Putera Melayu di Asia Tenggara". 5429:

Penerjemah: John Leyden, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, dan Brown.

5164:"Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita (Ribu Rupiah), 2022" 1024:

which became the home of the Minangkabau people. Some of these

764:

who arrived around 1523. The region was later colonised by the

6983: 6731:"25 Pulau di Pesisir Selatan Berpotensi sebagai Tempat Wisata" 5227:

Tan, Khee Giap; Mulya Amri; Low, Linda; Tan, Kong Yam (2013).

4830: 4162:

Balai, council chamber, on Sumatra's west coast, dated c. 1895

1396:

Dutch forces charging towards Minangkabau position during the

503: 474: 5302:. London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 4915:

Authentic Minangkabau rendang is dark in colour, served with

4813:

sauce with coconut milk and the heavy use of spices mixture.

1414:. Ultimately he was captured the Dutch and was exiled to the 704:. It has relatively more cities than other provinces outside 6277: 6275: 6200:. Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Archived from 5329:"Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: An Open Access Resource" 5213: 5211: 5209: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 2694:

secretary and civil servants depending on the needs of each

917:. In the inscription, it was stated that the founder of the 6645:

Central Statistics Agency West Sumatra Province (2017-2022)

4176:

The traditional house of West Sumatra, especially from the

3753:. West Sumatra has 3 cities with populations over 100,000. 2544:

As in most other province of Indonesia, West Sumatra has a

1813:, a noted anti-communist and religious leader was from the 1563:, Malaysia. Likewise when Raffles was still on duty in the 1505:

In the early 19th century a conflict broke out between the

841: 804:(Land of Minangkabau), as it is the home and origin of the 730: 6520: 5407:

Alam Terkembang Jadi Guru: Adat dan Kebudayaan Minangkabau

4459:

regency. The airport has direct international services to

3839:

The language used in everyday life in West Sumatra is the

1654:

and in 1935 the Kerinci region was also incorporated into

982:, In folklore is said to be the first Minangkabau village. 6951:"Gara-gara Nasi Padang, Belanja Negara Terpaksa Ditambah" 4677:. It is the oldest university in Indonesia outside Java. 1264:

Minangkabau royal seal from the 19th century, written in

1195:, and later during the reign of Adityawarman and his son 6657:"6 Infrastructure projects to boost West Sumatra's rank" 5941:: Een bronnenpublicatie, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw. 5625:

Wapenfeiten van het Nederlands Indische Leger; 1816–1900

4881:

leaf, or simmered in thin curry as side dishes, such as

4771:. Padang food is famous for its rich taste of succulent 2617:

32 of 2004 and Government Regulation number 19 of 2010.

2510:

Source 1: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial

1833:

West Sumatra lies in the middle of the western coast of

1115:

in 682. And then in 1183 it appeared again based on the

953:. But this hypothesis is denied by the Dutch indologist 909:(Minanga kingdom) itself has also been mentioned in the 5995:

Memikir ulang regionalisme: Sumatra Barat tahun 1950-an

3686:. Under regional autonomy, the traditional Minangkabau 1909:. The mountains and volcanoes of West Sumatra include: 1410:

was one of the leader of the Padri movement during the

6878:"By the way ... I just can't live without Padang food" 5753:

Adat Minangkabau dan merantau dalam perspektif sejarah

5146:"Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2022" 1857:

in the south-east. The lakes of West Sumatra include:

1627:. But in 1905, the status of Tapanuli was upgraded to 1143:. After the submission of the kingdom recorded on the 1001:). This tambo story is more or less comparable to the 780:), whose administrative area included the present-day 6316:

Indrasafitri, Dina; Sufa, Theresia (April 26, 2011).

5184:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pembangunan Nasional. 3367:

Cities and Regencies in West Sumatra in order of the

4924:

The cuisine is usually cooked once per day. To have

4215:

according to the local community was inspired by the

937:...) are actually incorporated, so that they become 745:, who inhabit the western islands of the same name. 140:

Location of West Sumatra (red) in Indonesia (beige).

7740: 7697: 7674: 7631: 7603: 7565: 7522: 7450: 7326: 7244: 4120:As for the typical Mentawai people dance is called 4030:, which is the delivery of chanting accompanied by 3742:comprised 4% of the population respectively, while 2759:

is known as a leading tourist city in West Sumatra.

2537:

Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration

1135:. A military expedition to West Sumatra called the 978:The village of Pariangan, located on the slopes of 627: 619: 607: 597: 587: 579: 570: 554: 532: 519: 490: 461: 453: 443: 426: 406: 380: 341: 336: 328: 320: 312: 307: 299: 291: 283: 278: 261: 246: 238: 233: 219: 211: 199: 189: 35: 5449: 5113:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, 4829:. Almost all the parts of a cattle, such as meat, 1897:, and others flow into the Indian Ocean, include: 893:Chronicles from 1405, there was the royal name of 877:In the historical record of the Majapahit Empire, 6993:"Statistics Indonesia—2000 Population Statistics" 5481:. Sanskrit Studies Centre, Silpakorn University. 1056:area became a territorial government area called 1028:areas then form a kind of confederation known as 114: 92: 6803:Transformative Islam, PT Pelangi LKiS Literacy, 6344:, Singapore and Leiden, 2009, pp. 233ff. at 302. 5607:Batuah, A. Dt. & Madjoindo, A. Dt., (1959), 5166:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 5148:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 4451:, opened in July 2005, 23 km north-west of 4055:and Minang Record, Gita Virma Record located in 2714:West Sumatra Province is subdivided into twelve 710: 61: 40: 6480:Sijobang: sung narrative poetry of West Sumatra 6228:Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration 6148:"Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia" 4877:). Vegetables are mostly boiled such as boiled 4378:. While group B mining materials consisting of 1841:, mountainous volcanic highlands formed by the 1766:areas are designated as part of Riau Province. 897:of the six kingdoms who sent messengers facing 885:which dated from 1365, also mentioned the name 6701:"West Sumatra attracts 3,051 foreign tourists" 6679:"Kelok Sembilan overpass set to open in April" 6054:Kahin, Audrey; Kahin, George McTurnan (1997). 5846:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 5027:The importance of Padang food establishments ( 3670: 3657: 3644: 3631: 3618: 3605: 3592: 3579: 3561: 3548: 3535: 3507: 3494: 3480: 3466: 3452: 3438: 3419: 3405: 1307:Adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah 7402: 7208: 7027: 5196:"Law No. 17 of 2022 on West Sumatra Province" 5130:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. 3746:who live in the Mentawai islands made up 1%. 2742:is the administrative center of the province. 1710:. On the basis of military geo-strategy, the 287:42,119.54 km (16,262.45 sq mi) 8: 5570:Poesponegoro, M.D.; Notosusanto, N. (1992). 5277:. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. pp. 220–221. 5016:(Iwapin) or Warung Padang Bonds. In Greater 2677:was initially led jointly by the princes or 2651:and regional autonomy, since 2001, the term 1567:, he met Pagaruyung's relatives who were in 6356:"West Sumatra reinvents its original roots" 6318:"Awards note progress in regional autonomy" 5529:The archaeology and history of West Sumatra 3946:Saint Barbara Catholic church in Sawahlunto 1684:was also formed in almost the same period. 660:. It is on the west coast of the island of 7409: 7395: 7387: 7215: 7201: 7193: 7034: 7020: 7012: 5789: 5787: 5397: 5395: 4111:with dancing, singing and acting known as 3886:in Padang. The oldest mosques include the 3377: 2804: 2600:The province includes two national parks: 1986: 878: 870:, which is located in Sungayang District, 583:Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto 32: 7378:List of regencies and cities of Indonesia 6181: 6171: 5978:Perang Paderi di Sumatra Barat, 1803–1838 5669: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5654:. Vol. 9, no. 2. pp. 1–95. 6230:. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from 5989: 5987: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5115:Provinsi Sumatera Barat Dalam Angka 2024 4760:dishes, Minangkabau Bukittinggi cuisine. 4586:The favourite tourism places are : 4390:, copper, lead and silver are spread in 2628: 1555:on charges of treason. He was exiled to 1469:As a result of the conflict between the 688:, with a population of 5,534,472 at the 5927:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: P.N. van Kampen. 5879:Raffles, Sophia (1835). "Chapter XII". 5099: 4706:, which regularly plays its matches in 4532:serves routes to Padang and Kayutanam. 4482:, and the road between Bukittinggi and 3908: 2527: 1718:and incorporated into the territory of 1237:requesting recognition as ruler of the 553: 452: 442: 425: 335: 306: 298: 277: 232: 218: 210: 188: 153: 132: 128:Agree to Implement the Consensus Result 88: 70: 57: 6848:"Marco's Bofet: Authentic Padang food" 5844:(1985). "Traditional Sumatran Trade". 5619: 5617: 5572:Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman kuno 5549:. Yogyakarta: PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara. 5355:Les Inscriptions Malaises de Çrivijaya 4896:, a bowl of tap water with a slice of 4528:with round trips four times daily and 4249:Traditional, West Sumatra weapons are 2655:has been used again in this province. 1631:, while the Singkil area was given to 5923:Stuers, H.J.J.L.; Veth, P.J. (1849). 5776:Raffles, Sophia (1835). "Chapter V". 5217:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. 5182:"Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan" 1485:visited Pagaruyung in 1818, when the 1223:teaching ritual from Buddhism called 741:. Another native ethnic group is the 626: 618: 606: 596: 586: 578: 569: 531: 518: 489: 460: 405: 379: 340: 327: 319: 311: 290: 282: 260: 245: 237: 198: 144: 110: 7: 7049: 6711:from the original on August 22, 2016 6626:Mainan bagi roh: kebudayaan Mentawai 6281:Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. 5884:. Vol. 1. London: James Duncan. 4816:Because most Minangkabau people are 3922:, one of oldest mosques in Indonesia 1960:. The area was also affected by the 1958:2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami 1688:Japanese occupation and Independence 1593:Hoofdcomptoir van Sumatra's Westkust 1317:. The war was initially between the 1111:, this kingdom was conquered by the 6910:. Padangbaycity.com. Archived from 6354:Sasdi, Ardimas (January 25, 2008). 6087:. Equinox Publishing. p. 468. 5722:Sumatra Barat hingga Plakat Panjang 5652:Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 5389:Dinas Purbakala Republik Indonesia. 5368:Purbatjaraka, R.M. Ngabehi (1952). 4600:Panorama – Viewing to Sianok valley 3958:See Hin Kion Chinese temple, Padang 1694:Japanese occupation of West Sumatra 1609:Residentie Padangsche Benedenlanden 1531:After emerging victorious from the 1294:. One of the famous ulama of Aceh, 1084:, founder of a Minangkabau kingdom. 913:dated from 682 which is written in 856:. Furthermore, the use of the name 752:West Sumatra was the centre of the 6961:from the original on 23 March 2019 6888:from the original on 23 March 2019 6876:Donny Syofyan (24 November 2013). 6685:. January 19, 2012. Archived from 6585:Cerita Rakyat dari Sumatra Barat 3 6570:Azinar Sayuti, Rifai Abu, (1985), 6553:, Jakarta:Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 6458:http://www.jambi-independent.co.id 6439:from the original on June 17, 2017 6060:. University of Washington Press. 5598:, London: Hakluyt Society, 2 vols. 4999:The serving style is different in 4809:influences, with dishes cooked in 4797:, Minangkabau cuisine and most of 3797:performing their traditional dance 3710:West Sumatra II Electoral District 3351:) and thence into 1,265 villages ( 2597:, and many birds and butterflies. 2535:Station ID for Mia Padang is 96163 812:name comes from two words namely, 800:West Sumatra is known by the name 242:West Sumatra Provincial Government 25: 7547:Special Capital Region of Jakarta 6957:(in Indonesian). 5 October 2016. 6101:from the original on 11 July 2020 6035:from the original on 11 July 2020 5911:Memorie Tuanku Imam Bonjol (MTIB) 5636:Kathirithamby-Wells, J., (1969), 5078:List of governors of West Sumatra 4449:Minangkabau International Airport 3705:West Sumatra I Electoral District 2773:Once a large coal-mining centre, 1613:Residentie Padangsche Bovenlanden 1584:The residence of the governor of 631:7,356.92 ha (18,179.3 acres) 7513: 7317: 7172: 7159: 7144: 7128: 7119: 7111: 7096: 7080: 7067: 7054: 6084:The Rise of Indonesian Communism 5073:List of people from West Sumatra 5057: 4196:complex is usually also built a 3951: 3939: 3927: 3911: 2794:is known as the nearest city to 2784: 2766: 2749: 2731: 1819:Indonesian killings of 1965–1966 1650:region in the Indian Ocean into 1329:involved themselves in the war. 539: 538: 524: 523: 134: 75: 7042:Places adjacent to West Sumatra 6397:from the original on 2019-11-14 6298:from the original on 2021-02-01 6261:from the original on 2021-09-24 6152:Journal of Geophysical Research 5596:The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires 5372:. Jakarta: Jajasan Pembangunan. 5335:from the original on 2012-10-25 5255:from the original on 2022-03-06 5233:. Singapore: World Scientific. 5047:price in Greater Jakarta area. 4520:Train services operate between 3852:is spoken by Tamils in Padang. 3701:People's Representative Council 3386: 3383: 3380: 2777:is now a thriving tourist city. 1660:Gouvernement Sumatra's Oostkust 1640:Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust 1617:Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust 1032:, which is then referred to as 955:Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis 6549:Graves, Elizabeth E., (2007), 6482:, Cambridge University Press, 5820:. University of Hawaii Press. 5456:. University of Hawaii Press. 5083:List of rivers of West Sumatra 5014:Ikatan Warung Padang Indonesia 4820:, Minangkabau cuisine follows 4714:(Indonesia's premier league). 4597:in the downtown of Bukittinggi 4478:, the road between Padang and 4466:Significant roads include the 1853:province in the north-west to 1656:Residentie Sumatra's Westkust. 1652:Residentie Sumatra's Westkust, 1356:or Islam. In addition, in the 905:. On the other hand, the name 718:is the province's capital and 30:Province in Sumatra, Indonesia 1: 7145: 7097: 6739:. 30 May 2011. Archived from 5609:Tambo Minangkabau dan Adatnya 5574:. Jakarta: PT Balai Pustaka. 4996:) is a treat in the evening. 2550:Köppen climate classification 1704:Residentie Sumatra's Westkust 1644:Residentie Sumatra's Westkust 1215:mentioned Ananggawarman as a 1088:According to the Minangkabau 925:departed from a place called 836:which comes from the phrase " 303:3,805 m (12,484 ft) 7552:Special Region of Yogyakarta 7120: 7112: 6754:Delmus Puneri Salim (2015). 5909:Nain, Sjafnir Aboe, (2004), 5698:SWK 1703 VOC 1664, f. 117-18 4730:Union Cycliste International 4334:Semen Padang headquarter in 3904:Grand Mosque of West Sumatra 3884:Grand Mosque of West Sumatra 3520: 3392:Very high human development 2606:Kerinci Seblat National Park 1161:. Dara Petak was married to 772:named Sumatra's West Coast ( 725:West Sumatra is home to the 623:268.18 ha (662.7 acres) 7748:Special Region of Surakarta 6540:(diakses pada 25 juli 2010) 6531:Sajian Tarian Khas Mentawai 6224:"Station 96163: Mia Padang" 5736:Naar midden Sumatra in 1684 5594:Cortesão, Armando, (1944), 5005:food stalls, a Minangkabau 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2702:guardian was chosen by the 2643:, which had existed before 2546:tropical rainforest climate 2249:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2109:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1658:After the breakdown of the 1463:Yang Dipertuan Puti Jamilan 860:is also used to refer to a 7858: 6932:Harian Kompas, 25 May 2003 6655:Tularji (April 25, 2005). 5997:, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 5479:Sanskrit in Southeast Asia 5383:Casparis, J.G. De (1956). 5239:10.1142/9789814504867_0033 5178:Badan Pembangunan Nasional 5088:Minangkabau businesspeople 4743: 4726:official tournament series 4650:The traditional dance is " 4447:The province is served by 4314:Rice fields in Pariangan, 4151: 3967: 3865: 3772: 2569:(world's largest flower), 2514: 2509: 1989: 1691: 1496:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 1119:in Cambodia, and then the 933:) and the 5th line words ( 573:UNESCO World Heritage Site 262: • Vice Governor 7771: 7511: 7424: 7374: 7315: 7234: 7047: 6778:Marsden, William, (2009), 6503:, Ohio University Press, 6478:Phillips, Nigel, (1981), 5780:. Vol. I. J. Duncan. 5724:. Penerbit Sinar Harapan. 5611:, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. 3567:Medium human development 3566: 3424: 3391: 3325: 3302: 3279: 3256: 3233: 3210: 3187: 2462: 2388: 2318: 2248: 2178: 2108: 2038: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1962:2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 1716:Sumatora Nishi Kaigan Shu 1708:Sumatora Nishi Kaigan Shu 1255:Kertanegara of Singhasari 1109:Kedukan Bukit inscription 911:Kedukan Bukit inscription 731: 711: 635: 566: 154: 145: 133: 111: 89: 71: 58: 49: 6015:Thomas, Lynn L. (1985). 5913:, transl., Padang: PPIM. 5409:. Jakarta: Grafiti Pers. 5313:Brandes, J.L.A. (1902). 5273:Djamaris, Edwar (1991). 5117:(Katalog-BPS 1102001.13) 3667:Mentawai Islands Regency 2859:Mentawai Islands Regency 2710:Administrative divisions 1990:Climate data for Padang 1974:tropical monsoon climate 1714:area was separated from 1427:Dutch East India Company 1384:(priest), also appears. 1348:which contains the word 1080:A statue believed to be 1048:. During the era of the 1020:to the highlands called 986:From the stories of the 59:Province of West Sumatra 7465:Bangka Belitung Islands 6782:Sumatra, BiblioBazaar, 6521:http://www.indosiar.com 6081:McVey, Ruth T. (2006). 5858:10.3406/befeo.1985.1677 5627:, M.M. Cuvee, Den Haag. 5300:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai 4938:, curried fish, stewed 4708:Haji Agus Salim Stadium 4474:and south-east towards 4362:Coal mines in Ombilin, 3934:Al-Hakim Mosque, Padang 3918:Tuo Kayu Jao Mosque in 3786:at the cultural parade. 3589:Lima Puluh Kota Regency 3576:Pesisir Selatan Regency 3558:Padang Pariaman Regency 3425:High human development 3369:Human Development Index 3363:Human Development Index 3050:Lima Puluh Kota Regency 2996:Padang Pariaman Regency 2888:Pesisir Selatan Regency 2645:Indonesian independence 2595:Bornean clouded leopard 1954:2009 Sumatra earthquake 1727:Indonesian independence 1483:Thomas Stamford Raffles 1213:Batusangkar inscription 1151:Padang Roco Inscription 879: 844:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai 332:140/km (350/sq mi) 115: 93: 64:Provinsi Sumatera Barat 7837:Provinces of Indonesia 7418:Provinces of Indonesia 6667:on September 29, 2007. 6414:Giap, Tan Khee et al. 5993:Asnan, Gusti, (2007), 5961:Mededelingen...Kwantan 5640:, JSEAH 10, 3:453–479. 5353:Cœdès, George (1930). 4954:, intestines, or foot 4921: 4767:is the cuisine of the 4761: 4699: 4559: 4547: 4468:Trans-Sumatran Highway 4444: 4366: 4338: 4318: 4246: 4173: 4163: 4071: 3980: 3798: 3787: 3738:sub-ethnic group, and 2725:Cities of West Sumatra 2634: 2517:Deutscher Wetterdienst 1670:regions were given to 1588: 1418: 1400: 1340:(holy) as the seat of 1296:Abd al-Rauf al-Sinkili 1268: 1085: 983: 866:(village), namely the 842: 777: 680:to the southeast, and 649: 437:Indonesia Western Time 407: • Languages 300:Highest elevation 62: 41: 6624:Schefold R., (1991), 6253:Azizi, Ahmad Naufal. 5937:Teitler, G., (2004), 5734:Haan, F. de, (1896), 5674:Dobbin, C.E. (1983). 5448:Andaya, L.Y. (2008). 5387:. Bandung: Masa Baru. 5385:Prasasti Indonesia II 5160:Badan Pusat Statistik 5142:Badan Pusat Statistik 4974:, a spicy meat stew. 4914: 4801:cuisine, demonstrate 4753: 4688: 4553: 4543: 4489:In January 2012, the 4438: 4416:Tanah Datar Regencies 4361: 4333: 4313: 4244: 4169: 4161: 4065: 3977: 3868:Islam in West Sumatra 3793: 3782: 3751:Minangkabau Highlands 3724:Badan Pusat Statistik 2632: 2602:Siberut National Park 1946:Indo-Australian Plate 1815:Minangkabau Highlands 1583: 1406: 1395: 1352:is an influence from 1263: 1079: 1046:Luhak Limopuluah Koto 977: 468:285.4 trillion ( 381: • Religion 247: • Governor 27:Province of Indonesia 7842:West Sumatra culture 7605:Lesser Sunda Islands 7224:Regencies and cities 6937:15 June 2009 at the 6908:"A Unique of Padang" 6799:Arif Mahmud, (2008), 6628:, PT Balai Pustaka, 6607:, PT Niaga Swadaya, 6366:on January 25, 2008. 6173:10.1029/2000JB900120 6158:(B12): 28295–28326. 5895:Francis, E. (1859). 5755:. PT Balai Pustaka. 5623:Kepper, G., (1900), 5438:Graves (1981). pg 4. 4689:Participants of the 4554:Surfers explore the 3888:Ganting Grand Mosque 3841:Minangkabau language 3803:Minangkabau language 3628:West Pasaman Regency 3373:Statistics Indonesia 3160:West Pasaman Regency 2862:(Kepulauan Mentawai) 2659:village government. 2039:Record high °C (°F) 1950:Great Sumatran fault 1811:Hadji Abdullah Ahmad 1725:At the beginning of 1706:changed its name to 1586:Westkust van Sumatra 1036:, which consists of 957:, which proves that 852:changed to the name 329: • Density 251:Mahyeldi Ansharullah 7437:) • 6999:on October 28, 2005 6418:. World Scientific. 6378:UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 6164:2000JGR...10528295S 6119:Stoler, Ann Laura. 5298:Hill, A.H. (1960). 4326:Processing industry 4144:(snake) and so on. 3970:Minangkabau culture 3896:Tuo Kayu Jao Mosque 3615:South Solok Regency 3545:Dharmasraya Regency 3532:Tanah Datar Regency 3133:Dharmasraya Regency 3104:South Solok Regency 2969:Tanah Datar Regency 2319:Record low °C (°F) 2179:Daily mean °C (°F) 1873:(14.0 km) and 1700:Japanese occupation 1629:Residentie Tapanuli 1621:Residentie Bengkulu 1209:Dharmasraya Regency 999:Alexander the Great 872:Tanah Datar Regency 497:50.6 million ( 482:60.0 billion ( 170: / 106:Land of Minangkabau 7699:Western New Guinea 7661:Southeast Sulawesi 7623:West Nusa Tenggara 7618:East Nusa Tenggara 7575:Central Kalimantan 7443:under construction 6984:Government website 6758:. Cham: Springer. 6707:. August 4, 2011. 6536:2010-06-26 at the 6526:2018-08-16 at the 6499:Pauka K., (1998), 6463:2019-03-14 at the 6330:on April 27, 2011. 6198:"Indonesia–Padang" 6127:2020-07-11 at the 4992:sauce served with 4922: 4795:Indonesian cuisine 4769:Minangkabau people 4762: 4700: 4675:Andalas University 4560: 4548: 4445: 4367: 4339: 4319: 4247: 4237:Traditional weapon 4178:Minangkabau people 4174: 4164: 4081:Minangkabau people 4072: 4028:saluang jo dendang 3981: 3821:Chinese Indonesian 3817:Mentawai languages 3805:and predominantly 3799: 3788: 3784:Minangkabau people 3775:Minangkabau people 3728:Minangkabau people 2685:, then during the 2635: 2566:Rafflesia arnoldii 1972:This region has a 1804:national communist 1589: 1419: 1408:Tuanku Imam Bonjol 1401: 1269: 1179:Pagaruyung Kingdom 1086: 984: 951:Kampar Kanan River 868:Nagari Minangkabau 806:Minangkabau people 778:Sumatra's Westkust 754:Pagaruyung Kingdom 727:Minangkabau people 676:to the northeast, 580:Official name 491: - Per capita 313: • Total 284: • Total 90:Nickname(s): 7819: 7818: 7780:Current governors 7384: 7383: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7184: 6821:detikSport, Tim. 6809:978-979-1283-40-3 6788:978-0-559-09304-3 6765:978-3-319-15413-8 6559:978-979-461-661-1 6509:978-0-89680-205-6 6488:978-0-521-23737-6 6294:(in Indonesian). 6144:Danny Natawidjaja 6094:978-979-3780-36-8 6067:978-0-295-97618-1 6028:978-0-89680-127-1 6003:978-979-461-640-6 5963:. TBG 36: 325–42. 5463:978-0-8248-3189-9 5370:Riwajat Indonesia 5284:978-979-1477-09-3 5275:Tambo Minangkabau 5248:978-981-4504-85-0 5022:restaurant chains 4966:, and of course, 4724:since 2009 is an 4722:road cycling race 4718:Tour de Singkarak 4692:Tour de Singkarak 4668:Dutch East Indies 4613:Pagaruyung Palace 4581:Tour de Singkarak 4530:airport rail link 4295:Unemployment Rate 4171:Pagaruyung Palace 4148:Traditional house 4075:Traditional dance 3984:Traditional music 3846:Mentawai language 3675: 3674: 3641:Sijunjung Regency 3387:HDI Score (2020) 3345: 3344: 2942:Sijunjung Regency 2687:Dutch East Indies 2649:government reform 2523: 2522: 2519:(sun, 1961–1990) 1879:Strait of Malacca 1865:(130.1 km), 1642:, was demoted to 1525:Dutch East Indies 1491:a peace agreement 1233:messenger to the 1207:(now part of the 1205:Batang Hari River 1141:Singasari Kingdom 1117:Grahi inscription 1105:Batang Hari River 1050:Dutch East Indies 947:Kampar Kiri River 664:and includes the 639: 638: 477:19.2 billion 324:11th in Indonesia 321: • Rank 295:16th in Indonesia 292: • Rank 239: • Body 174:1.000°S 100.500°E 16:(Redirected from 7849: 7741:Former provinces 7641:Central Sulawesi 7590:South Kalimantan 7585:North Kalimantan 7517: 7411: 7404: 7397: 7388: 7321: 7269:Mentawai Islands 7217: 7210: 7203: 7194: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7148: 7147: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7123: 7122: 7115: 7114: 7100: 7099: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7050: 7036: 7029: 7022: 7013: 7008: 7006: 7004: 6995:. Archived from 6988: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6947: 6941: 6929: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6904: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6882:The Jakarta Post 6873: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6854:. Archived from 6852:The Jakarta Post 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6818: 6812: 6797: 6791: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6743:on June 2, 2011. 6727: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6689:on May 22, 2013. 6683:The Jakarta Post 6675: 6669: 6668: 6663:. Archived from 6661:Bisnis Indonesia 6652: 6646: 6643: 6637: 6622: 6616: 6602: 6596: 6581: 6575: 6568: 6562: 6547: 6541: 6518: 6512: 6497: 6491: 6476: 6470: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6425: 6419: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6387: 6381: 6376:Law No. 7/2017 ( 6374: 6368: 6367: 6362:. Archived from 6360:The Jakarta Post 6351: 6345: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6326:. Archived from 6323:The Jakarta Post 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6288: 6282: 6279: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6175: 6139: 6133: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6012: 6006: 5991: 5982: 5981: 5980:. Balai Pustaka. 5970: 5964: 5957: 5951: 5948: 5942: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5920: 5914: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5795:Marsden, William 5791: 5782: 5781: 5773: 5767: 5766: 5745: 5739: 5732: 5726: 5725: 5714: 5699: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5678:. Curzon Press. 5671: 5656: 5655: 5647: 5641: 5634: 5628: 5621: 5612: 5605: 5599: 5592: 5586: 5585: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5455: 5445: 5439: 5436: 5430: 5428: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5399: 5390: 5388: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5224: 5218: 5215: 5204: 5203: 5202:(in Indonesian). 5192: 5186: 5185: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5138: 5132: 5131: 5124: 5118: 5111: 5067: 5065:Indonesia portal 5062: 5061: 5060: 4556:Mentawai islands 4505:and horse cart ( 4036:, also known as 4026:There is also a 3955: 3943: 3931: 3915: 3877:Mentawai Islands 3848:is widely used. 3378: 2805: 2788: 2770: 2753: 2735: 2591:Malayan sun bear 2538: 2532: 1987: 1869:(31.5 km), 1861:(99.5 km), 1847:Mentawai Islands 1764:Kuantan Singingi 1668:Kuantan Singingi 1648:Mentawai Islands 1646:, and added the 1638:. Then in 1914, 1619:, including the 1605:Pax Nederlandica 1457:and the king of 1235:Emperor of China 1096:and Pagaruyung. 1038:Luhak Tanah Data 919:Srivijaya Empire 884: 847: 830:Majapahit Empire 802:Bumi Minangkabau 736: 735: 716: 715: 666:Mentawai Islands 628:Buffer zone 562: 560:sumbarprov.go.id 550: 542: 541: 527: 526: 345: 274: 224: 223:and largest city 185: 184: 182: 181: 180: 175: 171: 168: 167: 166: 163: 138: 126: 118: 104: 96: 79: 67: 65: 44: 33: 21: 7857: 7856: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7822: 7821: 7820: 7815: 7814: 7767: 7753:Central Sumatra 7736: 7727:Southwest Papua 7693: 7670: 7627: 7599: 7595:West Kalimantan 7580:East Kalimantan 7561: 7518: 7509: 7446: 7420: 7415: 7385: 7380: 7370: 7322: 7313: 7274:Padang Pariaman 7264:Lima Puluh Kota 7240: 7230: 7221: 7191: 7186: 7173: 7171: 7160: 7158: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7081: 7079: 7068: 7066: 7055: 7053: 7043: 7040: 7002: 7000: 6991: 6987:(in Indonesian) 6986: 6980: 6975: 6974: 6964: 6962: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6939:Wayback Machine 6930: 6926: 6917: 6915: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6891: 6889: 6875: 6874: 6870: 6861: 6859: 6846: 6845: 6841: 6832: 6830: 6829:(in Indonesian) 6820: 6819: 6815: 6798: 6794: 6780:The History of 6777: 6773: 6766: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6736:Media Indonesia 6729: 6728: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6644: 6640: 6623: 6619: 6603: 6599: 6582: 6578: 6569: 6565: 6548: 6544: 6538:Wayback Machine 6528:Wayback Machine 6519: 6515: 6498: 6494: 6477: 6473: 6465:Wayback Machine 6456: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6427: 6426: 6422: 6413: 6409: 6400: 6398: 6389: 6388: 6384: 6375: 6371: 6353: 6352: 6348: 6339: 6335: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6301: 6299: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6273: 6264: 6262: 6252: 6251: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6207: 6205: 6204:on 19 June 2015 6196: 6195: 6191: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6129:Wayback Machine 6118: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6095: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6038: 6036: 6029: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5992: 5985: 5972: 5971: 5967: 5958: 5954: 5949: 5945: 5936: 5932: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5842:Miksic, John N. 5840: 5839: 5835: 5828: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5793: 5792: 5785: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5763: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5733: 5729: 5716: 5715: 5702: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5673: 5672: 5659: 5649: 5648: 5644: 5635: 5631: 5622: 5615: 5606: 5602: 5593: 5589: 5582: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5557: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5489: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5464: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5437: 5433: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5401: 5400: 5393: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5338: 5336: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5297: 5296: 5292: 5285: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5258: 5256: 5249: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5207: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5140: 5139: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5112: 5101: 5096: 5063: 5058: 5056: 5053: 4946:, curried beef 4748: 4742: 4683: 4660: 4606:Padang mountain 4564:Mentawai people 4538: 4457:Padang Pariaman 4439:A train passes 4433: 4424: 4372: 4352: 4328: 4308: 4290: 4281:2009 earthquake 4277: 4239: 4224:Mentawai people 4213:rumag Bagonjong 4156: 4150: 4085:Mentawai people 4077: 3986: 3972: 3966: 3959: 3956: 3947: 3944: 3935: 3932: 3923: 3916: 3870: 3864: 3837: 3795:Mentawai people 3777: 3771: 3744:Mentawai people 3719: 3654:Pasaman Regency 3384:City / Regency 3365: 3163:(Pasaman Barat) 3162: 3107:(Solok Selatan) 3106: 3077:Pasaman Regency 3001:Parit Malintang 2947:Muaro Sijunjung 2861: 2849: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2814: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2789: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2771: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2754: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2736: 2727: 2726: 2712: 2627: 2614: 2561: 2559:Flora and Fauna 2542: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 1970: 1831: 1739:Central Sumatra 1696: 1690: 1569:Negeri Sembilan 1565:Malay Peninsula 1520:the Netherlands 1479:Napoleonic Wars 1390: 1273:spread of Islam 1219:performing the 1122:Negarakertagama 1107:. Based on the 1074: 1072:Precolonial era 972: 970:Prehistoric era 967: 881:Nagarakretagama 798: 786:Kerinci Regency 762:Jean Parmentier 743:Mentawai people 733:Negeri Sembilan 593:Cultural: 575: 558: 548: 507: 502: 478: 473: 419: 414: 398: 393: 388: 367: 357: 352: 343: 268: 222: 221: 212:Province status 179:-1.000; 100.500 178: 176: 172: 169: 164: 161: 159: 157: 156: 150: 149: 141: 129: 127: 120: 112:Motto(s): 107: 105: 98: 85: 84: 83: 82: 63: 60: 54: 45: 38: 31: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7855: 7853: 7845: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7824: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7790:GRP per capita 7787: 7782: 7776: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7755: 7750: 7744: 7742: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7712:Highland Papua 7709: 7703: 7701: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7691: 7686: 7680: 7678: 7676:Maluku Islands 7672: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7656:South Sulawesi 7653: 7651:North Sulawesi 7648: 7643: 7637: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7571: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7528: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7456: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7406: 7399: 7391: 7382: 7381: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7346:Padang Panjang 7343: 7338: 7332: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7250: 7248: 7242: 7241: 7235: 7232: 7231: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7212: 7205: 7197: 7188: 7187: 7183: 7182: 7169: 7156: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7125: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7094: 7091: 7090: 7077: 7064: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7038: 7031: 7024: 7016: 7010: 7009: 6989: 6979: 6978:External links 6976: 6973: 6972: 6942: 6924: 6899: 6868: 6839: 6813: 6792: 6771: 6764: 6746: 6722: 6692: 6670: 6647: 6638: 6617: 6597: 6576: 6563: 6542: 6513: 6492: 6471: 6450: 6429:"West Sumatra" 6420: 6407: 6382: 6369: 6346: 6333: 6308: 6283: 6271: 6245: 6215: 6189: 6134: 6112: 6093: 6073: 6066: 6046: 6027: 6007: 5983: 5965: 5959:Anon, (1893), 5952: 5943: 5930: 5915: 5902: 5887: 5882:Correspondence 5871: 5833: 5826: 5805: 5783: 5768: 5761: 5749:Kato, Tsuyoshi 5740: 5727: 5700: 5691: 5684: 5657: 5642: 5629: 5613: 5600: 5587: 5580: 5562: 5555: 5534: 5516: 5507:Tamadun Melayu 5503:Casparis, J.G. 5494: 5487: 5469: 5462: 5440: 5431: 5412: 5391: 5375: 5360: 5345: 5320: 5305: 5290: 5283: 5265: 5247: 5219: 5205: 5187: 5169: 5151: 5133: 5119: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5052: 5049: 5039:uang lauk pauk 4807:Middle Eastern 4746:Padang cuisine 4744:Main article: 4741: 4738: 4734:lake Singkarak 4697:Lake Singkarak 4682: 4679: 4659: 4656: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4629: 4627:Lake Singkarak 4624: 4619: 4616: 4615:in Batusangkar 4610: 4609:Caroline beach 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4558:, West Sumatra 4537: 4534: 4491:Kelok Sembilan 4441:Lake Singkarak 4432: 4429: 4423: 4420: 4408:Limapuluh Koto 4371: 4368: 4351: 4348: 4327: 4324: 4307: 4304: 4289: 4286: 4276: 4273: 4238: 4235: 4152:Main article: 4149: 4146: 4076: 4073: 4021:gandang tabuik 3985: 3982: 3968:Main article: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3926: 3924: 3917: 3910: 3866:Main article: 3863: 3860: 3836: 3833: 3773:Main article: 3770: 3767: 3734:, mainly from 3718: 3715: 3673: 3672: 3669: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3547: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3469: 3468: 3465: 3462:Padang Panjang 3459: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3398: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3364: 3361: 3343: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258:Padang Panjang 3255: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3164: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3108: 3101: 3097: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3082:Lubuk Sikaping 3079: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2863: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2844: 2837: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2796:Lake Singkarak 2790: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2772: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2755: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2737: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2711: 2708: 2626: 2623: 2613: 2610: 2583:Sumatran serow 2571:Sumatran tiger 2560: 2557: 2540: 2539: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2512: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2465:sunshine hours 2460: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1992: 1991: 1985: 1969: 1966: 1942:Eurasian Plate 1933:(2,438 m) and 1830: 1827: 1795:Alahan Panjang 1692:Main article: 1689: 1686: 1574:cultuurstelsel 1533:Diponegoro War 1515:Tuanku Pasaman 1423:Aceh Sultanate 1389: 1386: 1201:Maharajadiraja 1165:, the king of 1149:carved on the 1101:Malayu Kingdom 1073: 1070: 1034:Luhak Nan Tigo 1014:Southern China 971: 968: 966: 963: 899:Yongle Emperor 797: 794: 782:Kampar Regency 672:to the north, 650:Sumatera Barat 637: 636: 633: 632: 629: 625: 624: 621: 617: 616: 609: 605: 604: 599: 595: 594: 591: 585: 584: 581: 577: 576: 571: 568: 567: 564: 563: 556: 552: 551: 536: 530: 529: 521: 520: - Growth 517: 516: 492: 488: 487: 463: 459: 458: 455: 451: 450: 447: 441: 440: 430: 424: 423: 408: 404: 403: 382: 378: 377: 346: 339: 338: 334: 333: 330: 326: 325: 322: 318: 317: 314: 310: 309: 305: 304: 301: 297: 296: 293: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 276: 275: 263: 259: 258: 248: 244: 243: 240: 236: 235: 231: 230: 225: 217: 216: 215:10 August 1957 213: 209: 208: 203: 197: 196: 191: 187: 186: 152: 151: 147: 146: 143: 142: 139: 131: 130: 113: 109: 108: 91: 87: 86: 80: 74: 73: 72: 69: 68: 56: 55: 50: 47: 46: 42:Sumatera Barat 39: 36: 29: 26: 24: 18:Sumatera Barat 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7854: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7800:Highest point 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7770: 7763: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7739: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7707:Central Papua 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7673: 7667: 7666:West Sulawesi 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7636: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7564: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7521: 7516: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7500:South Sumatra 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7485:North Sumatra 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7449: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7423: 7419: 7412: 7407: 7405: 7400: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7325: 7320: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7284:South Pesisir 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7218: 7213: 7211: 7206: 7204: 7199: 7198: 7195: 7181: 7170: 7168: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7150: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7137: 7126: 7118: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7102: 7095: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7078: 7076: 7075:North Sumatra 7065: 7063: 7062:North Sumatra 7052: 7051: 7046: 7037: 7032: 7030: 7025: 7023: 7018: 7017: 7014: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6977: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6936: 6933: 6928: 6925: 6914:on 2010-12-14 6913: 6909: 6903: 6900: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6872: 6869: 6858:on 2010-09-14 6857: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6840: 6828: 6824: 6817: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6796: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6775: 6772: 6767: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6747: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6732: 6726: 6723: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6696: 6693: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6674: 6671: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6648: 6642: 6639: 6635: 6634:979-407-274-5 6631: 6627: 6621: 6618: 6614: 6613:979-788-145-8 6610: 6606: 6601: 6598: 6594: 6593:979-759-551-X 6590: 6586: 6583:Navis, A.A., 6580: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6532: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6517: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6462: 6459: 6454: 6451: 6438: 6434: 6433:Lonely Planet 6430: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6408: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6312: 6309: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6284: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6260: 6256: 6249: 6246: 6234:on 2017-10-17 6233: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6203: 6199: 6193: 6190: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6142:Sieh, Kerry; 6138: 6135: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6123: 6116: 6113: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6086: 6085: 6077: 6074: 6069: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6050: 6047: 6034: 6030: 6024: 6020: 6019: 6011: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5979: 5975: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5947: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5931: 5926: 5919: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5903: 5898: 5891: 5888: 5883: 5875: 5872: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5834: 5829: 5827:0-8248-1489-4 5823: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5779: 5772: 5769: 5764: 5762:979-690-360-1 5758: 5754: 5750: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5728: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5692: 5687: 5685:0-7007-0155-9 5681: 5677: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5588: 5583: 5581:979-407-408-X 5577: 5573: 5566: 5563: 5558: 5556:9789798451164 5552: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5535: 5530: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5495: 5490: 5488:974-641-045-8 5484: 5480: 5473: 5470: 5465: 5459: 5454: 5453: 5444: 5441: 5435: 5432: 5426: 5422: 5421:Raffles, T.S. 5416: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5379: 5376: 5371: 5364: 5361: 5356: 5349: 5346: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5306: 5301: 5294: 5291: 5286: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5266: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5231: 5223: 5220: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5155: 5152: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5066: 5055: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4958:, fried beef 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4928: 4920: 4919: 4913: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4890: 4889:or cabbages. 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4758: 4752: 4747: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4695:passing over 4694: 4693: 4687: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4648: 4642: 4641:Sikuai Island 4639: 4637: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4622:Lake Maninjau 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4565: 4557: 4552: 4546: 4545:Lake Maninjau 4542: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4462: 4458: 4455:in Ketaping, 4454: 4450: 4442: 4437: 4430: 4428: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4332: 4325: 4323: 4317: 4312: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4243: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4155: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4089:tari pasambah 4086: 4082: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4004: 4003: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3983: 3976: 3971: 3963: 3954: 3949: 3942: 3937: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3900:Solok Regency 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3684: 3678: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3603: 3602:Solok Regency 3600: 3597: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3442: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3168: 3167:Simpang Empak 3165: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3139: 3138:Pulau Punjung 3136: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2915:Solok Regency 2913: 2910: 2909: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2845: 2838: 2831: 2824: 2819: 2812: 2807: 2806: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2776: 2769: 2758: 2752: 2741: 2734: 2720: 2717: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2631: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2579:Malayan tapir 2576: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463:Mean monthly 2461: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2392: 2391:precipitation 2387: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2037: 1993: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851:North Sumatra 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769:Communism in 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1743:South Sumatra 1740: 1736: 1735:North Sumatra 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1676: 1675: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1394: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280: 1279:Suma Oriental 1274: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1197:Ananggawarman 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1083: 1078: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 993: 989: 981: 976: 969: 964: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 945:, namely the 944: 940: 939:mināngatāmvan 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Dapunta Hyang 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 895:Mi-nang-ge-bu 892: 888: 883: 882: 875: 873: 869: 865: 864: 859: 855: 851: 846: 845: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 795: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 768:and became a 767: 763: 759: 756:, founded by 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 734: 728: 723: 721: 717: 714: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 670:North Sumatra 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 634: 630: 622: 614: 610: 603: 600: 592: 590: 582: 574: 565: 561: 557: 546: 537: 535: 522: 514: 511:10,632 ( 510: 505: 500: 496: 493: 485: 481: 476: 471: 467: 464: 462: - Total 456: 454:GDP (nominal) 448: 446: 445:ISO 3166 code 438: 434: 431: 429: 422: 417: 412: 409: 402: 397: 392: 387: 383: 375: 371: 365: 361: 356: 351: 347: 344:Ethnic groups 342: • 331: 323: 315: 302: 294: 286: 272: 267: 266:Audy Joinaldy 264: 256: 252: 249: 241: 229: 226: 214: 207: 204: 202: 195: 192: 183: 155:Coordinates: 148:OpenStreetMap 137: 124: 117: 102: 95: 78: 66: 53: 48: 43: 34: 19: 7832:West Sumatra 7805:Poverty rate 7773: 7761: 7689:North Maluku 7537:Central Java 7505:West Sumatra 7504: 7495:Riau Islands 7442: 7434: 7309:West Pasaman 7228:West Sumatra 7227: 7155:Indian Ocean 7117:West Sumatra 7116: 7107:Indian Ocean 7003:December 26, 7001:. Retrieved 6997:the original 6963:. Retrieved 6954: 6945: 6927: 6916:. Retrieved 6912:the original 6902: 6890:. Retrieved 6881: 6871: 6860:. Retrieved 6856:the original 6851: 6842: 6831:. Retrieved 6826: 6816: 6800: 6795: 6779: 6774: 6755: 6749: 6741:the original 6734: 6725: 6715:February 28, 6713:. Retrieved 6695: 6687:the original 6682: 6673: 6665:the original 6660: 6650: 6641: 6625: 6620: 6604: 6600: 6587:, Grasindo, 6584: 6579: 6571: 6566: 6550: 6545: 6516: 6500: 6495: 6479: 6474: 6453: 6443:February 28, 6441:. Retrieved 6423: 6415: 6410: 6399:. Retrieved 6385: 6377: 6372: 6364:the original 6359: 6349: 6341: 6336: 6328:the original 6321: 6311: 6300:. Retrieved 6286: 6263:. Retrieved 6248: 6236:. Retrieved 6232:the original 6227: 6218: 6206:. Retrieved 6202:the original 6192: 6155: 6151: 6137: 6120: 6115: 6103:. Retrieved 6083: 6076: 6056: 6049: 6037:. Retrieved 6017: 6010: 5994: 5977: 5968: 5960: 5955: 5946: 5938: 5933: 5924: 5918: 5910: 5905: 5896: 5890: 5880: 5874: 5849: 5845: 5836: 5817: 5814:Andaya, B.W. 5808: 5798: 5777: 5771: 5752: 5743: 5735: 5730: 5721: 5718:Amran, Rusli 5694: 5675: 5651: 5645: 5637: 5632: 5624: 5608: 5603: 5595: 5590: 5571: 5565: 5546: 5537: 5528: 5525:Suleiman, S. 5519: 5510: 5506: 5497: 5478: 5472: 5451: 5443: 5434: 5425:Malay Annals 5424: 5415: 5406: 5384: 5378: 5369: 5363: 5354: 5348: 5337:. Retrieved 5323: 5314: 5308: 5299: 5293: 5274: 5268: 5257:. Retrieved 5229: 5222: 5199: 5190: 5172: 5154: 5136: 5127: 5122: 5114: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5026: 5013: 5011: 5000: 4998: 4981: 4975: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4916: 4893: 4891: 4870: 4815: 4790: 4787:chili pepper 4782: 4776: 4773:coconut milk 4763: 4755: 4754:An array of 4720:, an annual 4716: 4704:Semen Padang 4701: 4690: 4672: 4661: 4649: 4645: 4636:Lake Dibawah 4618:Harau valley 4585: 4568: 4561: 4519: 4513: 4506: 4496: 4488: 4465: 4461:Kuala Lumpur 4446: 4425: 4373: 4353: 4344: 4340: 4320: 4316:Agam Regency 4300: 4291: 4278: 4265: 4261: 4250: 4248: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204:rumah gadang 4203: 4197: 4194:rumah gadang 4193: 4189:rumah Gadang 4187: 4183:Rumah Gadang 4181: 4180:, is called 4175: 4154:Rumah Gadang 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4126:Turuk Langai 4125: 4122:Turuk Laggai 4121: 4119: 4112: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4031: 4027: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3987: 3881: 3871: 3854: 3838: 3829:Tamil people 3811: 3800: 3748: 3732:Batak people 3720: 3717:Demographics 3709: 3704: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3521: 3517:West Sumatra 3516: 3504:Agam Regency 3366: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3346: 3028:Lubuk Basung 3023:Agam Regency 2738:The city of 2713: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2638: 2636: 2619: 2615: 2599: 2564: 2562: 2552: 2543: 2530: 2393:mm (inches) 1982: 1978: 1971: 1939: 1832: 1768: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1678: 1671: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1643: 1639: 1632: 1628: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1592: 1590: 1585: 1572: 1530: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1468: 1462: 1459:Sungai Tarab 1458: 1454: 1447: 1420: 1388:Colonial era 1381: 1377: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1322: 1306: 1304: 1277: 1270: 1238: 1228: 1200: 1183: 1175:Adityawarman 1171:Adwayawarman 1163:Raden Wijaya 1145: 1126: 1120: 1098: 1089: 1087: 1082:Adityawarman 1061: 1057: 1053: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1018:Kampar River 1011: 1007:Sang Sapurba 1003:Malay Annals 987: 985: 980:Mount Marapi 958: 943:Kampar River 938: 934: 930: 926: 906: 894: 886: 876: 867: 862: 857: 853: 849: 838:Manang kabau 837: 834:Minangkabau, 833: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 801: 799: 790:Riau Islands 784:in Riau and 766:Dutch Empire 758:Adityawarman 751: 724: 720:largest city 709: 696:into twelve 642:West Sumatra 641: 640: 391:Christianity 337:Demographics 94:Ranah Minang 81:Coat of arms 37:West Sumatra 7722:South Papua 7336:Bukittinggi 7304:Tanah Datar 7299:South Solok 7259:Dharmasraya 6955:Metro Batam 5899:. van Dorp. 5852:: 423–467. 5543:Muljana, S. 5403:Navis, A.A. 5044:Nasi Padang 5035:rumah makan 5007:Bukittinggi 4977:Soto Padang 4927:Nasi Padang 4851:bone marrow 4765:Padang food 4652:Tari Piring 4632:Lake Diatas 4572:Bukittinggi 4515:Teluk Bayur 4480:Bukittinggi 4404:South Solok 4396:Dharmasraya 4306:Agriculture 4140:(chicken), 4134:tari monyet 4130:tari burung 4103:tari indang 4099:tari payung 4094:Tari Piring 4057:Bukittinggi 3813:Mentawaians 3763:Bukittinggi 3415:Bukittinggi 3281:Bukittinggi 2974:Batusangkar 2757:Bukittinggi 2704:anak nagari 1937:(2,271 m). 1929:(2,572 m), 1925:(2,877 m), 1921:(2,891 m), 1917:(2,912 m), 1913:(3,805 m), 1881:, include: 1807:Murba Party 1791:Sawah Lunto 1731:Bukittinggi 1698:During the 1679:Residentie 1672:Residentie 1633:Residentie 1553:Batusangkar 1360:, the term 1342:Rajo Ibadat 1266:Jawi script 1251:Kublai Khan 1247:Muara Takus 1245:temple and 1243:Padanglawas 1239:San-fo-ts'i 1230:San-fo-ts'i 1193:Kertanagara 1159:Dara Jingga 1133:Dharmasraya 1062:Tuan Luhak. 887:Minangkabwa 858:Minangkabau 854:Minangkabau 824:. From the 810:Minangkabau 690:2020 census 686:Switzerland 611:2019 (43rd 608:Inscription 416:Minangkabau 368:3% others ( 350:Minangkabau 269: [ 177: / 123:Minangkabau 116:Tuah Sakato 101:Minangkabau 7826:Categories 7758:East Timor 7732:West Papua 7567:Kalimantan 7376:See also: 7361:Sawahlunto 7356:Payakumbuh 6918:2010-09-22 6862:2010-09-22 6833:2024-05-07 6827:detiksumut 6401:2017-12-28 6302:2020-12-27 6265:2019-03-23 6183:10220/8470 5974:Radjab, M. 5513:: 918–943. 5339:2022-03-02 5259:2022-03-02 5094:References 5002:Nasi Kapau 4757:Nasi kapau 4712:BRI Liga 1 4595:clocktower 4591:Jam Gadang 4376:Sawahlunto 4364:Sawahlunto 4260:called it 4222:While the 4136:(monkey), 4101:, and the 3856:Indonesian 3759:Payakumbuh 3736:Mandailing 3490:Sawahlunto 3434:Payakumbuh 3304:Payakumbuh 3235:Sawahlunto 3111:Padang Aro 2775:Sawahlunto 2612:Government 2515:Source 2: 1923:Singgalang 1883:Batanghari 1787:Silungkang 1760:Rokan Hulu 1664:Rokan Hulu 1601:Inderapura 1500:Inderapura 1155:Dara Petak 1146:Amoghapasa 1042:Luhak Agam 995:Zulkarnain 816:(win) and 700:and seven 694:subdivided 646:Indonesian 413:(official) 411:Indonesian 364:Mandailing 308:Population 234:Government 7810:ISO codes 7646:Gorontalo 7557:West Java 7542:East Java 7439:Nusantara 7289:Sijunjung 7246:Regencies 7236:Capital: 6801:Education 5200:bpk.go.id 4887:jackfruit 4885:of young 4863:cartilage 4859:intestine 4849:, brain, 4781:(curry), 4658:Education 4484:Pekanbaru 4431:Transport 4392:Sijunjung 4388:iron sand 4288:Workforce 4142:tari ular 4138:tari ayam 4066:Photo of 4002:talempong 3769:Ethnicity 3353:kelurahan 3349:kecamatan 3055:Sarilamak 2866:Tua Pejat 2850:Estimate 2848:mid 2023 2716:regencies 2587:rusa deer 1863:Singkarak 1829:Geography 1577:problem. 1487:Padri War 1412:Padri War 1398:Padri War 1376:(Bilal), 1346:Limo Kaum 1334:Tuan Kadi 1315:Padri War 1300:sultanate 1253:and king 1167:Majapahit 1128:Pararaton 1113:Srivijaya 850:Pariangan 796:Etymology 770:residency 698:regencies 658:Indonesia 598:Reference 428:Time zone 316:5,757,210 194:Indonesia 7774:Lists by 7762:de facto 7633:Sulawesi 7470:Bengkulu 7351:Pariaman 7167:Bengkulu 6965:23 March 6959:Archived 6935:Archived 6892:23 March 6886:Archived 6709:Archived 6534:Archived 6524:Archived 6461:Archived 6437:Archived 6395:Archived 6296:Archived 6259:Archived 6146:(2000). 6125:Archived 6105:7 August 6099:Archived 6039:7 August 6033:Archived 5976:(1964). 5866:43731220 5816:(1993). 5797:(1784). 5751:(2005). 5720:(1981). 5545:(2005). 5527:(1977). 5423:(1821). 5405:(1984). 5357:. BEFEO. 5333:Archived 5253:Archived 5180:(2023). 5162:(2023). 5144:(2023). 5051:See also 4962:, fried 4944:eggplant 4942:, chili 4894:kabasuah 4799:Sumatran 4526:Pariaman 4350:Services 4257:Kerambit 4132:(bird), 4083:and the 4070:festival 4038:sijobang 3979:Sumatra. 3894:and the 3862:Religion 3835:Language 3740:Javanese 3476:Pariaman 3327:Pariaman 3318:144,830 3295:124,050 3203:942,938 3180:450,050 3171:3,852.99 3151:239,918 3142:2,920.93 3124:191,540 3115:3,282.14 3095:313,199 3086:3,902.44 3068:396,427 3059:3,273.41 3041:530,123 3032:2,226.27 3014:451,388 3005:1,342.27 2987:383,676 2978:1,377.19 2960:243,709 2951:3,150.58 2933:405,375 2924:3,590.40 2920:Aro Suka 2906:525,355 2897:6,045.65 2870:5,983.22 2815:City or 2458:(164.3) 2389:Average 1956:and the 1931:Tandikat 1915:Talakmau 1859:Maninjau 1855:Bengkulu 1823:Sarbupri 1783:Pariaman 1720:Rhio Shu 1611:and the 1549:Moluccas 1547:and the 1509:and the 1450:Bengkulu 1437:and the 1321:and the 1217:yuvaraja 1189:Buddhist 1137:Pamalayu 1058:afdeling 992:Iskandar 949:and the 915:Sanskrit 739:Malaysia 682:Bengkulu 654:province 589:Criteria 421:Mentawai 418:(native) 401:Buddhism 396:Hinduism 370:Mentawai 362:(mainly 355:Javanese 165:100°30′E 52:Province 7480:Lampung 7452:Sumatra 7435:current 7431:Jakarta 7427:Capital 7279:Pasaman 6238:18 June 6208:18 June 6160:Bibcode 5018:Jakarta 4994:ketupat 4972:rendang 4964:chicken 4956:tendons 4936:rendang 4918:ketupat 4879:cassava 4875:ketupat 4871:katupek 4818:Muslims 4740:Cuisine 4536:Tourism 4476:Jakarta 4422:Banking 4412:Pasaman 4380:mercury 4275:Economy 4262:baralek 4209:Gonjong 4124:. This 4033:saluang 4017:serunai 3992:saluang 3964:Culture 3341:97,206 3315:139,576 3312:116,825 3292:121,028 3289:111,312 3272:58,627 3249:67,760 3226:77,842 3200:909,040 3197:833,562 3177:431,672 3174:365,129 3148:228,591 3145:191,422 3121:182,077 3118:144,281 3092:299,851 3089:253,299 3065:383,525 3062:348,555 3038:529,138 3035:454,853 3011:430,626 3008:391,056 2984:371,704 2981:338,494 2957:235,045 2954:201,823 2930:391,497 2927:348,566 2903:504,418 2900:429,246 2879:91,427 2822:Capital 2820:Regency 2817:Regency 2813:Name of 2810:Wilayah 2698:. This 2681:in the 2575:siamang 2453:(18.9) 2448:(20.4) 2443:(19.5) 2438:(13.9) 2433:(13.7) 2428:(10.9) 2423:(12.1) 2418:(12.4) 2413:(14.3) 2408:(12.1) 2403:(10.2) 2398:(13.8) 2384:(68.0) 2379:(70.0) 2374:(70.0) 2369:(70.0) 2364:(70.0) 2359:(69.1) 2354:(70.0) 2349:(68.0) 2344:(71.1) 2339:(71.1) 2334:(70.0) 2329:(69.1) 2324:(70.0) 2314:(74.8) 2309:(75.0) 2304:(75.0) 2299:(75.0) 2294:(75.0) 2289:(73.9) 2284:(73.9) 2279:(75.0) 2274:(75.0) 2269:(75.0) 2264:(75.0) 2259:(75.9) 2254:(73.9) 2244:(79.9) 2239:(80.1) 2234:(80.1) 2229:(80.1) 2224:(80.1) 2219:(77.0) 2214:(77.0) 2209:(80.6) 2204:(81.5) 2199:(81.0) 2194:(80.6) 2189:(80.6) 2184:(80.6) 2174:(88.9) 2169:(87.1) 2164:(88.0) 2159:(89.1) 2154:(90.0) 2149:(90.0) 2144:(89.1) 2139:(90.0) 2134:(90.0) 2129:(89.1) 2124:(89.1) 2119:(89.1) 2114:(87.1) 2104:(93.9) 2099:(91.0) 2094:(91.0) 2089:(91.9) 2084:(91.0) 2079:(91.9) 2074:(91.9) 2069:(93.0) 2064:(93.0) 2059:(91.9) 2054:(93.0) 2049:(93.9) 2044:(93.0) 1968:Climate 1911:Kerinci 1899:Kuranji 1895:Sinamar 1891:Ombilin 1871:Dibawah 1843:Barisan 1835:Sumatra 1775:Sumatra 1771:Sumatra 1752:Kerinci 1625:Singkil 1561:Kuantan 1557:Batavia 1545:Celebes 1477:in the 1471:British 1455:Suruaso 1443:Malacca 1439:British 1416:Celebes 1382:Pandito 1292:Malacca 1225:hevajra 1221:Tantris 1211:). The 965:History 931:minānga 927:Minānga 903:Nanjing 662:Sumatra 652:) is a 613:Session 555:Website 543:0.737 ( 376:, etc.) 374:Chinese 220:Capital 206:Sumatra 190:Country 7684:Maluku 7532:Banten 7341:Padang 7328:Cities 7238:Padang 7177: 7164: 7133: 7085: 7072: 7059: 6807: 6786: 6762: 6705:Antara 6632: 6611: 6591: 6557: 6507: 6486: 6091: 6064: 6025: 6001: 5864: 5824: 5800:island 5759: 5682: 5578: 5553: 5485: 5460: 5281: 5245: 5030:warung 4984:(beef 4968:sambal 4940:greens 4932:hidang 4867:tendon 4855:spleen 4835:tongue 4803:Indian 4789:) and 4593:– the 4577:Tabuik 4522:Padang 4453:Padang 4414:, and 4384:sulfur 4370:Mining 4336:Padang 4186:. The 4114:Randai 4068:Tabuik 4053:Padang 4019:, and 4013:pupuik 3892:Padang 3807:Muslim 3755:Padang 3703:. The 3689:nagari 3671:0.610 3658:0.666 3645:0.677 3632:0.684 3619:0.690 3606:0.690 3593:0.694 3580:0.699 3562:0.706 3549:0.715 3536:0.723 3508:0.724 3495:0.726 3481:0.769 3467:0.779 3453:0.782 3439:0.789 3420:0.805 3406:0.828 3401:Padang 3338:94,224 3335:79,043 3269:56,311 3266:47,008 3246:65,138 3243:56,866 3240:231.95 3223:73,438 3220:59,396 3194:694.34 3189:Padang 2893:Painan 2876:87,623 2873:76,173 2846:Pop'n 2843:Census 2839:Pop'n 2836:Census 2832:Pop'n 2740:Padang 2700:nagari 2696:nagari 2692:nagari 2683:nagari 2675:Nagari 2653:nagari 2640:nagari 2625:Nagari 2505:2,116 1995:Month 1948:) and 1927:Talang 1919:Marapi 1887:Kampar 1875:Talang 1867:Diatas 1839:plains 1799:Suliki 1779:Padang 1756:Kampar 1741:, and 1712:Kampar 1681:Djambi 1677:, and 1662:, the 1541:Madura 1475:French 1431:Padang 1370:Khatib 1354:Arabic 1338:Quduus 1319:ulamas 1311:Qur'an 1094:Malayu 1066:Malays 1052:, the 1044:, and 959:tāmvan 935:tāmvan 921:named 907:Minang 863:nagari 814:Minang 808:. The 713:Padang 702:cities 399:0.06% 394:0.35% 389:2.20% 384:97.4% 228:Padang 201:Region 162:1°00′S 119: 97: 7717:Papua 7475:Jambi 7366:Solok 7294:Solok 7180:Jambi 5862:JSTOR 4990:curry 4986:satay 4952:tripe 4948:liver 4902:spoon 4883:gulai 4847:tripe 4843:liver 4827:offal 4822:halal 4811:curry 4791:bareh 4778:gulai 4681:Sport 4664:Islam 4508:bendi 4499:oplet 4472:Medan 4400:Solok 4267:silat 4252:Keris 4217:Tambo 4199:surau 4108:silek 4008:rabab 3997:bansi 3920:Solok 3873:Islam 3850:Tamil 3522:0.723 3492:City 3478:City 3464:City 3450:City 3448:Solok 3436:City 3417:City 3403:City 3381:Rank 3332:64.77 3323:13.77 3309:74.55 3300:13.76 3286:24.17 3277:13.75 3263:23.56 3254:13.74 3231:13.73 3217:58.72 3212:Solok 3208:13.72 3185:13.71 3156:13.12 3129:13.11 3100:13.10 3073:13.09 3046:13.08 3019:13.07 2992:13.06 2965:13.05 2938:13.04 2911:13.03 2884:13.02 2855:13.01 2841:2020 2834:2010 2825:Area 2808:Kode 2792:Solok 2679:datuk 2456:4,172 2034:Year 1674:Riouw 1635:Atjeh 1597:Barus 1507:Padri 1435:Dutch 1378:Malin 1366:Katik 1327:Dutch 1323:Adats 1284:Islam 1185:Hindu 1090:Tambo 1054:luhak 1030:luhak 1026:darek 1022:darek 988:tambo 826:Tambo 822:Tambo 818:Kabau 774:Dutch 747:Islam 678:Jambi 528:4.36% 509:Int$ 506:3,407 480:Int$ 449:ID-SB 433:UTC+7 386:Islam 360:Batak 273:] 7613:Bali 7524:Java 7490:Riau 7460:Aceh 7254:Agam 7136:Riau 7088:Riau 7005:2005 6967:2019 6894:2019 6805:ISBN 6784:ISBN 6760:ISBN 6717:2017 6630:ISBN 6609:ISBN 6589:ISBN 6555:ISBN 6505:ISBN 6484:ISBN 6445:2017 6240:2015 6210:2015 6107:2012 6089:ISBN 6062:ISBN 6041:2012 6023:ISBN 5999:ISBN 5822:ISBN 5757:ISBN 5680:ISBN 5576:ISBN 5551:ISBN 5483:ISBN 5458:ISBN 5279:ISBN 5243:ISBN 4982:sate 4960:lung 4906:fork 4904:and 4898:lime 4839:tail 4831:ribs 4805:and 4783:lado 4634:and 4524:and 4503:taxi 4255:and 4228:uma. 3827:and 3825:Nias 3761:and 3694:desa 3683:desa 3357:desa 3355:and 3329:City 3306:City 3283:City 3260:City 3237:City 3214:City 3191:City 2604:and 2502:167 2499:167 2496:135 2493:136 2490:186 2487:200 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