127:
1694:, is the most song-like vocalization and the second-most common. The whale varies in pitch and lasts from four to seven seconds. The whistle-blow is named because it consists of a two-second-long whistling noise and a burst of air in immediate succession. The whistle-blow is the loudest of the vocalizations, loud enough to make the iron bars in the zoo enclosure where the rhinos were studied vibrate. The purpose of the vocalizations is unknown, though they are theorized to convey danger, sexual readiness, and location, as do other ungulate vocalizations. The whistle-blow could be heard at a great distance, even in the dense brush in which the Sumatran rhino lives. A vocalization of similar volume from
420:. It is the smallest rhinoceros, although it is still a large mammal; it stands 112–145 cm (44–57 in) high at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length of 2.36–3.18 m (7 ft 9 in – 10 ft 5 in) and a tail of 35–70 cm (14–28 in). The weight is reported to range from 500–1,000 kg (1,100–2,200 lb), averaging 700–800 kg (1,540–1,760 lb). Like both African species, it has two horns; the larger is the nasal horn, typically 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in), while the other horn is typically a stub. A coat of reddish-brown hair covers most of the Sumatran rhino's body.
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especially campfires, and then attacking the camp. There was also a
Burmese belief that the best time to hunt was every July, when the Sumatran rhinos would congregate beneath the full moon. In Malaya, it was said that the Sumatran rhino's horns was hollow and could be used as a sort of hose for breathing air and squirting water. In Malaya and Sumatra, it was once believed that the rhino shed its horns every year and buried them under the ground. In Borneo, the rhino was said to have a strange carnivorous practice: after defecating in a stream, it would turn around and eat fish that had been stupefied by the excrement.
1290:. Hair can range from dense (the most dense hair in young calves) to scarce, and is usually a reddish brown. In the wild, this hair is hard to observe because the rhinos are often covered in mud. In captivity, however, the hair grows out and becomes much shaggier, likely because of less abrasion from walking through vegetation. The rhino has a patch of long hair around its ears and a thick clump of hair at the end of its tail. Like all rhinos, they have very poor vision. The Sumatran rhinoceros is fast and agile; it climbs mountains easily and comfortably traverses steep slopes and riverbanks.
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1489:, eye problems, inflamed nails, and hair loss, and have eventually died. One 20-month study of wallowing behavior found they will visit no more than three wallows at any given time. After two to 12 weeks using a particular wallow, the rhino will abandon it. Typically, the rhino will wallow around midday for two to three hours at a time before venturing out for food. Although in zoos the Sumatran rhino has been observed wallowing less than 45 minutes a day, the study of wild animals found 80–300 minutes (an average of 166 minutes) per day spent in wallows.
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944:. Human induced habitat change and hunting may have played a role in the Late Pleistocene. The study was later criticised for not including DNA from extinct mainland populations, which would have provided a holistic account. A Bayesian skyline plot of complete Mitochondrial genomes from multiple individuals from across the range of the species suggested that the population had been relatively stable with an effective population size of 40,000 individuals over the last 400,000 years, with a sharp decline starting around 25,000 years ago.
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100 food species consumed by the
Sumatran rhinoceros. The largest portion of the diet is tree saplings with a trunk diameter of 1–6 cm (0.39–2.36 in). The rhinoceros typically pushes these saplings over with its body, walking over the sapling without stepping on it, to eat the leaves. Many of the plant species the rhino consumes exist in only small portions, which indicates the rhino is frequently changing its diet and feeding in different locations. Among the most common plants the rhino eats are many species from the
1428:, several fresh rhino foot trails, mud holes, traces of rhino-rubbed trees, traces of rhino horns on the walls of mud holes, and rhino bites on small branches. The team also identified that rhinos ate more than 30 species of plants. On 2 October 2013, video images made with camera traps showing the Sumatran rhino in Kutai Barat, Kalimantan, were released by the World Wildlife Fund. Experts assume the videos show two different animals, but aren't quite certain. According to the Indonesia's Minister of Forestry,
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500:
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resources for conservation efforts in
Sumatra but, moreover, to have established a small captive breeding group. Opponents of the captive breeding program argue that the losses are too great; the program is too expensive; removing rhinos from their habitat, even temporarily, alters their ecological role; and captive populations cannot match the rate of recovery seen in well-protected native habitats. In October 2015, Harapan, the last rhino in the Western Hemisphere, left the
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932:(PSMC) analysis of a complete nuclear genome of a Sumatran specimen suggested strong fluctuations in population size, with a general trend of decline over the course of the Middle to Late Pleistocene with an estimated peak effective population size of 57,800 individuals 950,000 years ago, declining to around 500–1,300 individuals at the start of the Holocene, with a slight rebound during the
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1731:. Young Sumatran rhino bulls are often too aggressive with cows, sometimes injuring and even killing them during the courtship. In the wild, the cow could run away from an overly aggressive bull, but in their smaller captive enclosures, they cannot; this inability to escape aggressive bulls may partly contribute to the low success rate of captive-breeding programs.
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744:, who worked extensively with Bornean zoology and anthropology in the 1960s. The Bornean subspecies is markedly smaller in body size than the other two subspecies. The captive population consisted of one bull and two cows at the Borneo Rhinoceros Sanctuary in Sabah; the bull died in 2019 and the cows died in 2017 and 2019 respectively.
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forest. On 31 October 2023, conservationists in
Indonesia said they have extracted eggs from Pahu, who were too old and small to breed with the Sumatran subspecies, the eggs are currently planned to be fertilized with sperms from captive male Sumatran rhino before implanted in female Sumatran rhino in SRS Way Kambas.
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periods, a lengthy rut may be the natural behavior. Though researchers observed successful conceptions, all these pregnancies ended in failure for a variety of reasons until the first successful captive birth in 2001; studies of these failures at the
Cincinnati Zoo discovered the Sumatran rhino's ovulation is
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In
Indonesia, meanwhile, a seventh rhino increased the group at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, in Way Kambas NP. A female was born on 12 May 2016, named Delilah. Another female, daughter of Andatu and Rosa, was born on 24 March 2022, named Sedah Mirah. A female was born on 30 September 2023, the third
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Most feeding occurs just before nightfall and in the morning. The
Sumatran rhino is a folivore, with a diet of young saplings, leaves, twigs, and shoots. The rhinos usually consume up to 50 kg (110 lb) of food a day. Primarily by measuring dung samples, researchers have identified more than
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along the length of
Sumatra, for rhinos in eastern Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia are more closely related than the rhinos on the other side of the mountains in western Sumatra. In fact, the eastern Sumatra and Malaysia rhinos show so little genetic variance, the populations were likely not separate
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In
Indonesian East Kalimantan, only one old (estimated to be 35 to 40 years old) female named Pahu lives in Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary (SRS) Kelian, West Kutai after being captured in 2018, another identified is Pari, a female who lives in the wild in Sungai Ratah-Sungai Nyuatan-Sungai Lawa protected
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literary word for
Sumatra) in September 2001. Andalas's birth was the first successful captive birth of a Sumatran rhino in 112 years. A female calf, named "Suci" (Indonesian for "pure"), followed on 30 July 2004. On 29 April 2007, Emi gave birth a third time, to her second male calf, named Harapan
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species, it has two horns. The larger is the nasal horn, typically only 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in), though the longest recorded specimen was much longer at 81 cm (32 in). The posterior horn is much smaller, usually less than 10 cm (3.9 in) long, and often little more than a
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A mature Sumatran rhino stands about 112–145 cm (3.67–4.76 ft) high at the shoulder, has a body length of around 236–318 cm (7.74–10.43 ft), and weighs 500–800 kg (1,100–1,760 lb), though the largest individuals in zoos have been known to weigh as much as 2,000 kg
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Aside from those few individuals kept in zoos and pictured in books, the Sumatran rhinoceros has remained little known, overshadowed by the more common Indian, black and white rhinos. Recently, however, video footage of the Sumatran rhinoceros in its native habitat and in breeding centers has been
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has been used to justify new logging. Although the hardwoods in the rainforests of the Sumatran rhino are destined for international markets and not widely used in domestic construction, the number of logging permits for these woods has increased dramatically because of the tsunami. However, while
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of Sumatran rhinos is a cause for concern, due to the high market price of its horns. This species has been overhunted for many centuries, leading to the current greatly reduced and still declining population. The rhinos are difficult to observe and hunt directly (one field researcher spent seven
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The Indonesian ministry of Environment, began an official counting of the Sumatran rhino in February 2019, planned to be completed in three years. Malaysia's last known bull and cow Sumatran rhinos died in May and November 2019, respectively. The species is now considered to be locally extinct in
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called the video evidence "very important" and mentioned Indonesia's "target of rhino population growth by three percent per year". On 22 March 2016 it was announced by the WWF that a live Sumatran rhino was found in Kalimantan; it was the first contact in over 40 years. The rhino, a female, was
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A number of folk tales about the Sumatran rhino were collected by colonial naturalists and hunters from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. In Burma, the belief was once widespread that the Sumatran rhino ate fire. Tales described the fire-eating rhino following smoke to its source,
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Iman, the last known Sumatran rhino in Malaysia, died in November 2019; stem cell technology is being used in an attempt to revitalize the rhino's population and reverse extinction in the country. As of 2023, there has been two births at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary at Way Kambas National Park,
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have been observed copulating for 30–50 minutes, similar in length to other rhinos; observations at the Sumatran Rhinoceros Conservation Centre in Malaysia have shown a briefer copulation cycle. As the Cincinnati Zoo has had successful pregnancies, and other rhinos also have lengthy copulatory
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Despite the recent successes in Cincinnati, the captive-breeding program has remained controversial. Proponents argue that the zoos have not only aided the conservation effort by studying the reproductive habits, raising public awareness and education about the rhinos, helping raise financial
2002:. In a final effort, the three rhinos were united in Cincinnati. After years of failed attempts, the cow from Los Angeles, Emi, became pregnant for the sixth time, with the zoo's bull Ipuh. All five of her previous pregnancies ended in failure. Reproductive physiologist at the Cincinnati Zoo,
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conservation program transported 40 Sumatran rhinos from their native habitats to zoos and reserves across the world. While hopes were initially high, and much research was conducted on the captive specimens, by the late 1990s, not a single rhino had been born in the program, and most of its
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is around 15–16 months. The calf, which typically weighs 40–60 kg (88–132 lb), is weaned after about 15 months and stays with its mother for the first two to three years of its life. In the wild, the birth interval for this species is estimated to be four to five years; its natural
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through inhospitable terrain that separates ranges. In feeding areas, the rhinos will make smaller trails, still covered by vegetation, to areas containing food the rhino eats. Sumatran rhino trails have been found that cross rivers deeper than 1.5 m (4.9 ft) and about 50 m
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has been shown to carry 9.8 km (6.1 mi) and the whistle-blow may carry as far. The Sumatran rhinoceros will sometimes twist the saplings they do not eat. This twisting behavior is believed to be used as a form of communication, frequently indicating a junction in a trail.
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this species has been suggested to be highly sensitive to habitat disturbance, apparently it is of little importance compared to hunting, as it can withstand more or less any forest condition. Nevertheless, the main cause of drastic reduction of the species is likely caused by the
1481:, they move to higher elevations; in the cooler months, they return to lower areas in their range. When mud holes are unavailable, the rhino will deepen puddles with its feet and horns. The wallowing behaviour helps the rhino maintain its body temperature and protect its skin from
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breeding. Though a number of rhinos died once at the various destinations and no offspring were produced for nearly 20 years, the rhinos were all doomed in their soon-to-be-logged forest. In March 2016, a Sumatran rhinoceros (of the Bornean rhinoceros subspecies) was spotted in
2055:: A bull named Tam and two cows named Puntung and Iman. In June 2017, Puntung was put down due to skin cancer. Tam died on 27 May 2019 and Iman died of cancer on 23 November 2019 at the Borneo Rhino Sanctuary. The species became extinct in Malaysia, its native land in 2019.
1914:. The last time there was a Sumatran rhino in the Kalimantan area was approximately 40 years ago. This optimism was met with despair as the same rhino named Najaq was found dead several weeks after the sighting. The cause of death was infection on the wound caused by snare.
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as large as 50 km (19 sq mi), whereas cows' ranges are 10–15 km (3.9–5.8 sq mi). The ranges of cows appear to be spaced apart; bulls' ranges often overlap. No evidence indicates Sumatran rhinos defend their territories through fighting.
1346:. Some conservationists hope Sumatran rhinos may still survive in Burma, though it is considered unlikely. Political turmoil in Burma has prevented any assessment or study of possible survivors. The last reports of stray animals from Indian limits were in the 1990s.
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weeks in a treehide near a salt lick without ever observing a rhino directly), so poachers make use of spear traps and pit traps. In the 1970s, uses of the rhinoceros's body parts among the local people of Sumatra were documented, such as the use of rhino horns in
1803:(primarily due to illegal poaching) while the last survey in 2008 estimated that around 250 individuals survived. From the early 1990s, the population decline was estimated at more than 50% per decade, and the small, scattered populations now face high risks of
1556:(160 ft) across. The currents of these rivers are known to be strong, but the rhino is a strong swimmer. A relative absence of wallows near rivers in the range of the Sumatran rhinoceros indicates they may occasionally bathe in rivers in lieu of wallowing.
2104:, which took the video, has used it in efforts to convince local governments to turn the area into a rhino conservation zone. Monitoring has continued; 50 new cameras have been set up, and in February 2010, what appeared to be a pregnant rhino was filmed.
1967:'s Asian rhino specialist group, which once endorsed the program, declared it had failed "even maintaining the species within acceptable limits of mortality", noting that, in addition to the lack of births, 20 of the captured rhinos had died. In 2004, a
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The Sumatran rhino is widely scattered across its range, much more so than the other Asian rhinos, which has made it difficult for conservationists to protect members of the species effectively. Only four areas are known to contain Sumatran rhinoceros:
1401:, when sea levels were much lower and Sumatra formed part of the mainland. Both populations of Sumatra and Malaysia, however, are close enough genetically that interbreeding would not be problematic. The rhinos of Borneo are sufficiently distinct that
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are valuable on the international markets, fetching as much as $ 1,800 per m ($ 1,375 per cu yd). Enforcement of illegal-logging laws is difficult because humans live within or near many of the same forests as the rhino. The
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Two thick folds of skin encircle the body behind the front legs and before the hind legs. The rhino has a smaller fold of skin around its neck. The skin itself is thin, 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in), and in the wild, the rhino appears to have no
1409:. The results of initial testing found levels of variability within Sumatran rhino populations comparable to those in the population of the less endangered African rhinos, but the genetic diversity of Sumatran rhinos is an area of continuing study.
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Though they were documented by droppings and tracks, pictures of the Bornean rhinoceros were first taken and widely distributed by modern conservationists in April 2006, when camera traps photographed a healthy adult in the jungles of Sabah in
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The Sumatran rhinoceros is the most vocal of the rhinoceros species. Observations of the species in zoos show the animal almost constantly vocalizing, and it is known to do so in the wild, as well. The rhino makes three distinct noises: eeps,
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knob. The larger nasal horn is also known as the anterior horn; the smaller posterior horn is known as the frontal horn. The horns are dark grey or black in color. The bulls have larger horns than the cows, though the species is not otherwise
1673:. Some Sumatran rhinos, however, live in areas where salt licks are not readily available, or the rhinos have not been observed using the licks. These rhinos may get their necessary mineral requirements by consuming plants rich in minerals.
2100:. On 24 April 2007, it was announced that cameras had captured the first-ever video footage of a wild Bornean rhino. The night-time footage showed the rhino eating, peering through jungle foliage, and sniffing the film equipment. The
1369:, Sumatra's largest, was estimated to contain a population of around 500 rhinos in the 1980s, but due to poaching, this population is now considered extinct. The survival of any animals in Peninsular Malaysia is extremely unlikely.
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to take part in breeding programs with healthy females, leading to the siring and 23 June 2012 birth of male calf Andatu, the fourth captive-born calf of the era; Andalas had been mated with Ratu, a wild-born cow living in the
871:, with the split between their last common ancestors estimated to be around 9.5 million years ago. The woolly rhinoceros, so named for the coat of hair it shares with the Sumatran rhinoceros, first appeared in China; by the
451:, with an estimated total population of fewer than 80 mature individuals. The species was extirpated in Malaysia in 2019, and one of the Sumatran populations may already be extinct. In 2015, researchers announced that the
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Although the relationships of modern rhinoceros species to each other were long controversial, modern genetic evidence has placed the Sumatran rhinoceros as more closely related to the Asian one-horned rhinoceroses (the
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is done by scraping soil with their feet, bending saplings into distinctive patterns, and leaving excrement. The Sumatran rhino is usually most active when eating, at dawn, and just after dusk. During the day, they
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Mohamad, Aidi; Vellayan, S.; Radcliffe, Robin W.; Lowenstine, Linda J.; Epstein, Jon; Reid, Simon A.; Paglia, Donald E.; Radcliffe, Rolfe M.; Roth, Terri L.; Foose, Thomas J.; Mohamad Khan bin Momin Khan (2006).
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Despite the species' persistent lack of reproductive success, in the early 1980s, some conservation organizations began a captive-breeding program for the Sumatran rhinoceros. Between 1984 and 1996, this
1524:; in 2004, all five rhinos at the Sumatran Rhinoceros Conservation Center died over an 18-day period after becoming infected by the disease. The Sumatran rhino has no known predators other than humans.
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have advised against crossing their lineages with the other populations. Conservation geneticists have recently begun to study the diversity of the gene pool within these populations by identifying
478:, in part because of a program that brought 40 Sumatran rhinos into captivity with the goal of preserving the species. There was little or no information about procedures that would assist in
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370: Sumatran rhinoceros range. Note that this map was created in 2007, based on outdated sources published in 1997 and 2003. The Sumatran rhinoceros has been extinct in Malaysia since 2019.
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The Sumatran rhino maintains two types of trails across its range. Main trails will be used by generations of rhinos to travel between important areas in the rhino's range, such as between
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The reproductive habits of the Sumatran rhinoceros have been studied in captivity. Sex relationships begin with a courtship period characterized by increased vocalization, tail raising,
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at Way Kambas, the youngest bull having been bred and born there in 2012. Another calf, a female, was born at the sanctuary in May 2016. The sanctuary's two bulls were born at the
1755:. In 2016, a calf was born in captivity in western Indonesia, only the fifth such birth in a breeding facility. In March 2022, and 1 October 2023, female calves were born at the
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in these countries. Unconfirmed reports suggest a small population may still survive in Myanmar, but the political situation in that country has prevented verification. The name
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Liu, S.; Westbury, M.V.; Dussex, N.; Mitchell, K.J.; Sinding, M.-H.S.; Heintzman, P.D.; Duchêne, D.A.; Kapp, J.D.; von Seth, J.; Heiniger, H. & Sánchez-Barreiro, F. (2021).
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Morales, J.C.; Andau, P.M.; Supriatna, J.; Zainal-Zahari, Z.; Melnick, D.J. (April 1997). "Mitochondrial DNA Variability and Conservation Genetics of the Sumatran Rhinoceros".
1727:, and increased physical contact, with both bull and cow using their snouts to bump the other in the head and genitals. The pattern of courtship is most similar to that of the
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for several weeks, may be used to treat skin diseases. The extent of use and belief in these practices is not known. Rhinoceros horn was once believed to be widely used as an
1318:. It inhabits hilly areas close to water, particularly steep upper valleys with copious undergrowth. The Sumatran rhinoceros once inhabited a continuous range as far north as
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580:
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van Strien, N. J. (2001). "Conservation programs for Sumatran and Javan Rhino in Indonesia and Malaysia". In Schwammer, H.N.; Foose, T.J.; Fouraker, M.; Olson, D. (eds.).
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Havmøller, R.G.; Payne, J.; Ramono, W.; Ellis, S.; Yoganand, K.; Long, B.; Dinerstein, E.; Williams, A.C.; Putra, R.H.; Gawi, J.; Talukdar, B.K. & Burgess, N. (2015).
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1544:) and Sumatran rhinos are even known to share trails, and many smaller species, such as deer, boars, and wild dogs, will use the trails the rhinos and elephants create.
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in 1868. The female named "Begum" survived until 1900, the record lifetime for a captive rhino. Begum was one of at least seven specimens of the extinct subspecies
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The Sumatran rhino is a mostly solitary animal except for courtship and offspring-rearing. It is the most vocal rhino species and also communicates through marking
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outbreak at the Sumatran Rhinoceros Conservation Centre killed all the captive rhinos in Peninsular Malaysia, reducing the population of captive rhinos to eight.
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may be capable of killing a calf, but calves stay close to their mothers, and the frequency of such killings is unknown. Although the rhino's range overlaps with
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itself, when the cow is receptive to the bull, lasts about 24 hours, and observations have placed its recurrence between 21 and 25 days. Sumatran rhinos in the
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Mays, H.L.; Hung, C.-M.; Shaner, P.-J.; Denvir, J.; Justice, M.; Yang, S.-F.; Roth, T.L.; Oehler, D.A.; Fan, J.; Rekulapally, S. & Primerano, D.A. (2018).
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https://wildtech.mongabay.com/2016/01/reproductive-technology-and-understanding-of-experimental-psychology-needed-to-save-a-critically-endangered-rhino/
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2006:, had learned from previous failures, though, and with the aid of special hormone treatments, Emi gave birth to a healthy male calf named Andalas (an
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of the last Sumatran rhinoceros in captivity by the 1970s, a female called "Subur" which died in 1972. "Subur" ironically means "fertile" in Malay.
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4065:"The mega-folivorous mammals of the rainforest: feeding ecology in nature and in a controlled environment: A contribution to their conservation"
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936:. This was likely due to climate change causing limiting suitable habitat for the Rhinoceros, causing severe population fluctuations as well as
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Steine, C.C.; Houck, M.L. & Ryder, O.A. (2018). "Genetic variation of complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the Sumatran rhinoceros (
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875:, it ranged across the Eurasian continent from Korea to Spain. The woolly rhinoceros survived until its extinction near the end of the
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Scott, C.; Foose, T.; Morales, J. C.; Fernando, P.; Melnick, D. J.; Boag, P. T.; Davila, J. A.; Van Coeverden de Groot, P. J. (2004).
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2959:"Phylogenetic relationships of the five extant rhinoceros species (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) based on mitochondrial cytochrome
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were reported to cause deaths in captive animals in the 19th century. The rhino is also known to be vulnerable to the blood disease
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is derived from the Greek for "hairy-ears". Later studies showed that their ear hair was not longer than other Sumatran rhinos, but
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species are well known in Europe from the Late Pliocene through the Pleistocene, and China from the Pleistocene, with two species,
3298:"First Discovery of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis from Yanjinggou Provides Insights into the Pleistocene Rhinocerotidae of South China"
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1665:. Salt licks are very important to the nutrition of the rhino. These licks can be small hot springs, seepages of salty water, or
728:, which was once common throughout Borneo; now only about 15 individuals are estimated to survive. The known population lives in
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in the United Kingdom (the other was kept in Southeast Asia), but by 1997, their numbers had dwindled to three: a cow in the
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1669:. The salt licks also serve an important social purpose for the rhinos—bulls visit the licks to pick up the scent of cows in
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Cows become sexually mature at the age of six to seven years, while bulls become sexually mature at about 10 years old. The
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difference is noted between the western Sumatran and Bornean rhinos. The rhinos in Peninsular Malaysia were once known as
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showed footage of a Sumatran rhino, shot by freelance Indonesian-based cameraman Alain Compost, in the 2001 documentary
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and other insects. Captive specimens, deprived of adequate wallowing, have quickly developed broken and inflamed skins,
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levels. Breeding success was finally achieved in 2001, 2004, and 2007 by providing a pregnant rhino with supplementary
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and a folk belief that the horns offer some protection against poison. Dried rhinoceros meat was used as medicine for
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922:-Early Pleistocene of Myanmar. Fossils of the modern Sumatran rhinceros are known from the Early Pleistocene onwards.
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Based on morphological and genetic evidence, the Sumatran rhinoceros is believed to be closely related to the extinct
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in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and southwestern China, particularly in
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that were held in zoos and circuses. In 1972, Subur, the only Sumatran rhino remaining in captivity, died at the
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1274:. The Sumatran rhino lives an estimated 30–45 years in the wild, while the record time in captivity is a female
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511:, near the west coast of Sumatra, in 1793. Drawings of the animal, and a written description, were sent to the
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4645:
3353:"Genomic analysis of demographic history and ecological niche modeling in the endangered Sumatran Rhinoceros
1857:
The rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia, which the Sumatran rhino inhabits, are also targets for legal and
5918:
5431:
4875:
2124:
976:
519:
4931:
Nardelli F. 2016. Do we really want to save the Sumatran rhinoceros? (commentary). mongabay.com April 2016
4852:
4696:
2080:
featured in several nature documentaries. Extensive footage can be found in an Asia Geographic documentary
846:
estimated to have occurred around 14.8 million years ago, shortly after the split between the ancestors of
5980:
4307:"Ultrasound and endocrine evaluation of the ovarian cycle and early pregnancy in the Sumatran rhinoceros,
4305:
Roth, T. L.; O'Brien, J. K.; McRae, M. A.; Bellem, A. C.; Romo, S. J.; Kroll, J. L.; Brown, J. L. (2001).
6055:
3856:"Kelahiran Bayi Badak Sumatra Kesekian Kali, Apa yang Menopangnya? - Semua Halaman - National Geographic"
812:
around 50 million years ago. The extant family, the Rhinocerotidae, first appeared in the Late Eocene in
6387:
6342:
6229:
4880:
1804:
1800:
1779:
1609:
1402:
440:
287:
5577:
3831:"Every Sumatran rhino has died in Malaysia. Scientists want to bring them back with cloning technology"
1179:
522:, who published a paper on the specimen that year. In 1814, the species was given a scientific name by
499:
1707:
474:
into patterns, and leaving excrement. The species is much better studied than the similarly reclusive
6086:
6027:
5880:
5334:
5174:"Menteri LHK Sampaikan Kabar Gembira Kelahiran Satu Ekor Badak Sumatera di Taman Nasional Way Kambas"
4605:
The Return of the Unicorns; The Natural History and Conservation of the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros
4549:
3474:
3425:
3368:
3309:
3270:
3227:
3161:
2979:
2638:
2364:
1842:
never used it for this purpose. Nevertheless, hunting in this species has primarily been driven by a
1662:
1474:
4437:"'Happy news' as endangered Sumatran rhino, the smallest and hairiest species, is born in Indonesia"
3718:
6032:
4933:
http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/index.php?s=1&act=refs&CODE=ref_detail&id=1469019235
4511:
2473:
http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/index.php?s=1&act=refs&CODE=ref_detail&id=1411778068
2353:"Rhinos in the parks: An island-wide survey of the last wild population of the Sumatran Rhinoceros"
2326:
2101:
2007:
1903:
1895:
1469:
1413:
1388:
Genetic analysis of Sumatran rhino populations has identified three distinct genetic lineages. The
933:
896:
679:
140:
5673:
5129:
4565:
4489:
4365:
4306:
4280:
4215:"Gross Anatomy and Ultrasonographic Images of the Reproductive System of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (
4168:
4125:
4018:
3945:
3911:
3733:
3641:
3591:
3529:"Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer), the Sumatran or two-horned rhinoceros: a study of literature"
3208:
3019:, and the Phylogenetic Relationship Among Carnivora, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla (+ Cetacea)"
2219:
2059:
child of Andalas-Ratu pair. A male calf was born on 26 November 2023, son of Delilah and Harapan.
5728:
4392:
4249:
4045:
3583:
3490:
3333:
3125:
2654:
2309:
2267:
1887:
1464:
1421:
834:
720:
695:
452:
321:
187:
6234:
6130:
1412:
Although the rhino had been thought to be extinct in Kalimantan since the 1990s, in March 2013
1248:
6283:
6216:
6063:
5737:
5316:
4758:
4612:
4587:
Proceedings of the International Elephant and Rhino Research Symposium, Vienna, 7–11 June 2001
4343:
4241:
4195:
3992:
3890:
3882:
3620:
3443:
3394:
3325:
3297:
3243:
3189:
3117:
3042:
2995:
2779:
2392:
2290:
2156:
2146:
1552:
1393:
1389:
1372:
1271:
1156:
1070:
929:
911:
872:
858:
825:
805:
484:
31:
6221:
5390:
4752:
5968:
5862:
5818:
5794:
5746:
5608:
5562:
4557:
4384:
4335:
4325:
4233:
4187:
4144:
4103:
4037:
3752:
3656:
3575:
3482:
3433:
3414:"The Sumatran rhinoceros was extirpated from mainland East Asia by hunting and habitat loss"
3384:
3376:
3317:
3278:
3235:
3179:
3169:
3107:
3097:
3032:
2987:
2646:
2581:
2427:
2382:
2372:
2214:
2097:
2071:
1728:
1716:
1578:
1287:
1260:
A diagram showing the size of small and large Sumatran rhino individuals compared to humans.
1090:
1027:
1007:
829:
572:
508:
475:
346:
2540:"The last Sumatran rhino in Malaysia has died and there are less than 80 left in the world"
2140:
553:
considered the Sumatran rhinoceros with its two horns a distinct genus from the one-horned
6203:
6156:
4944:
US-born endangered Sumatran rhino arrives in ancestral home of Indonesia on mating mission
3734:"Optimization of novel polymorphic microsatellites in the endangered Sumatran rhinoceros (
3037:
3014:
2012:
1991:
1987:
1907:
1858:
1645:
1425:
729:
460:
1898:
in April 2015, with only 3 individuals left in captivity. The mainland Sumatran rhino in
491:
that country, and only survives in Indonesia. There are fewer than 80 left in existence.
4561:
4553:
3478:
3429:
3372:
3313:
3274:
3231:
3165:
2983:
2642:
2412:"Will current conservation responses save the Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros
2368:
788:
5956:
5944:
5871:
5664:
5495:
5455:
4847:
4815:
4783:
3389:
3352:
2387:
2352:
2029:
1995:
1949:
1807:. Most remaining habitat is in relatively inaccessible mountainous areas of Indonesia.
1796:
1691:
1533:
1429:
867:
550:
400:
244:
4388:
4191:
4088:"Intake, utilization, and composition of browses consumed by the Sumatran rhinoceros (
4086:
Dierenfeld, E. S.; Kilbourn, A.; Karesh, W.; Bosi, E.; Andau, M.; Alsisto, S. (2006).
3887:
The rhinoceros in captivity: a list of 2439 rhinoceroses kept from Roman times to 1994
3261:
Tong, Hao-wen (2012). "Evolution of the non-Coelodonta dicerorhine lineage in China".
3086:"Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family"
2958:
533:
signifies "of Sumatra", the Indonesian island where the rhinos were first discovered.
6331:
6151:
5889:
5785:
5538:
4237:
3756:
3661:
3337:
3296:
Chen, Shaokun; Pang, Libo; Yan, Yaling; Wei, Guangbiao; Yue, Zongying (August 2021).
3129:
2763:
2650:
2351:
Pusparini, W.; Sievert, P.R.; Fuller, T.K.; Randhir, T.O. & Andayani, N. (2015).
2205:
2136:
1658:
1637:
1537:
816:, and the ancestors of the extant rhino species dispersed from Asia beginning in the
797:
774:
remained a subspecies because it was significantly larger than the other subspecies.
741:
592:
534:
160:
77:
17:
5108:"Sumatran rhinos are extinct in their native Malaysia after last living female dies"
4396:
4253:
3239:
2658:
2471:
Nardelli, F. 2014 The last chance for the Sumatran rhinoceros?. Pachyderm 55: 43–53
2196:
1799:. Fewer than 100 individuals are now estimated to remain. The species is classed as
358:
6288:
6274:
6068:
5761:
5701:
5655:
3494:
1880:
1870:
1827:
1748:
1569:
1501:
1482:
1478:
1377:
1315:
950:
showing the relationships of recent and Late Pleistocene rhinoceros species (minus
876:
801:
567:
515:
507:
The first documented Sumatran rhinoceros was shot 16 km (9.9 mi) outside
503:
First drawing of the first specimen known to Western science, by William Bell, 1793
432:
416:
408:
264:
5260:
4411:"Sumatran rhino birth hailed as major boost for the critically endangered species"
4124:
von Muggenthaler, Elizabeth; Paul Reinhart; Brad Limpany; R. Barton Craft (2003).
2810:"It's a Girl! Critically Endangered Sumatran Rhino Born at Sanctuary in Indonesia"
1492:
2601:
Rookmaaker, K. (2005). "First sightings of Asian rhinos". In Fulconis, R. (ed.).
2377:
906:
today only two fossil species are confidently placed in the genus. These include
6247:
6169:
6112:
6012:
5511:
4167:
Zainal Zahari, Z.; Rosnina, Y.; Wahid, H.; Yap, K. C.; Jainudeen, M. R. (2005).
2567:
1922:
1835:
1831:
1687:
1521:
1486:
1398:
1303:
424:
52:
5951:
5055:
3282:
3102:
3085:
3060:
Lacombat, F. (2005). "The evolution of the rhinoceros". In Fulconis, R. (ed.).
2039:
2011:(Indonesian for "hope") or Harry. In 2007, Andalas, who had been living at the
1906:
in August 2015. In March 2016 there was a rare sighting of a Sumatran rhino in
1598:
808:
comparison suggests the ancestors of modern rhinos split from the ancestors of
5710:
5568:
5013:"Malaysia's last Sumatran rhino Iman dies, species now extinct in the country"
3916:) in a natural enclosure in Sungai Dusun Wildlife Reserve, Selangor, Malaysia"
3486:
3438:
3413:
3380:
2432:
2411:
2003:
1941:
1937:
1932:"Begum", which was shown in London Zoo from 15 February 1872 to 31 August 1900
1843:
1614:
1509:
1327:
1311:
1279:
783:
645:
512:
404:
254:
97:
62:
5292:
4811:"It's a Girl! Cincinnati Zoo's Sumatran Rhino Makes History with Second Calf"
3329:
3247:
3213:
in the context of late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions in northern Eurasia"
3193:
1540:, the species do not appear to compete for food or habitat. Asian elephants (
3321:
2772:
2160:
2033:
1999:
1979:
1849:
1768:
1752:
1724:
1641:
1548:
1517:
1417:
947:
941:
662:, which has only 75 to 85 rhinos remaining, mostly in the national parks of
204:
102:
6003:
5227:"Boost for Sumatran rhino IVF plan as eggs extracted from Bornean specimen"
4347:
4245:
4199:
3447:
3398:
3121:
3015:"The Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of the Greater Indian Rhinoceros,
2999:
2991:
2586:
2396:
1986:
Seven of these captive rhinos were sent to the United States, and three to
1445:
4330:
3046:
6268:
6208:
6042:
5997:
5489:
5483:
5477:
2489:
2048:
1899:
1819:
1810:
1695:
1331:
919:
854:
and African rhinoceroses, which is placed around 15.6 million years ago.
687:
683:
224:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
3698:"Rhino population at Indonesian reserve drops by 90 percent in 14 years"
3184:
2271:
6301:
6104:
6078:
5853:
5809:
5520:
4049:
3957:
Proceedings of the Fourth Rhino Keepers Workshop 2005 at Columbus, Ohio
3587:
3112:
2016:
1958:
1823:
1764:
1735:
1670:
1650:
1625:
1619:
1463:
and during offspring rearing. Individuals have home ranges; bulls have
1433:
captured and transported to a nearby sanctuary to ensure her survival.
1343:
1339:
1319:
817:
813:
809:
763:
737:
471:
444:
436:
107:
82:
4149:
4107:
3989:
Fischer, 1814: Ecology and behaviour conservation situation in Sumatra
3679:
Dean, Cathy; Tom Foose (2005). "Habitat loss". In Fulconis, R. (ed.).
134:
Sumatran rhinoceros at Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Lampung, Indonesia
6117:
5626:
5617:
5602:
5471:
5418:
5407:
5398:
4339:
3174:
3149:
2685:
van Strien, N. (2005). "Sumatran rhinoceros". In Fulconis, R. (ed.).
1911:
1866:
1862:
1815:
1666:
1460:
1310:
The Sumatran rhinoceros lives in both lowland and highland secondary
1266:
448:
234:
214:
5974:
5413:
4464:"Mengenali nama-nama badak bercula dua di Taman Nasional Way Kambas"
4213:
Zainal-Zahari, Z.; Rosnina, Y.; Wahid, H.; Jainudeen, M. R. (2002).
4041:
3579:
2513:"To rescue Sumatran rhinos, Indonesia starts by counting them first"
1589:
579:. Normally, the oldest name would be used, but a 1977 ruling by the
2252:"The taxonomic history of the recent forms of Sumatran Rhinoceros (
1861:
because of the desirability of their hardwoods. Rare woods such as
6242:
5939:
5836:
5649:
5635:
5588:
5547:
4987:"Puntung euthanised leaves Malaysia with just two Sumatran rhinos"
4279:
Roth, Terri L.; Radcliffem, Robin W.; van Strien, Nico J. (2006).
2070:
2052:
2038:
1973:
1968:
1921:
1891:
1848:
1778:
1706:
1525:
1513:
1491:
1444:
1381:
1371:
1323:
1297:
1255:
1247:
838:
than to living African rhinoceros species, with the split between
787:
733:
498:
456:
428:
412:
177:
171:
30:"Hairy rhinoceros" redirects here. For the extinct megafauna, see
3150:"Reassessing the phylogeny of Quaternary Eurasian Rhinocerotidae"
2836:"Critically endangered Sumatran rhino pregnant: conservationists"
2316:. University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles. p. 83
2142:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1830:. "Rhino oil", a concoction made from leaving a rhino's skull in
1459:
Sumatran rhinos are solitary creatures except for pairing before
5287:
1974:
1964:
1505:
1335:
682:. The main threats against this subspecies are habitat loss and
638:
467:
6091:
5978:
5427:
2744:
Brookes, 1828 (Mammalia) suppressed under the plenary powers".
1963:
proponents agreed the program had been a failure. In 1997, the
702:. Three bulls and five cows currently live in captivity at the
3642:"The status of the Sumatran rhinoceros in north-eastern India"
2544:
2047:
In August 2016, there were only three Sumatran rhinos left in
1529:
443:, with only five substantial populations in the wild: four in
3946:"Trypanosomiasis (surra) in the captive Sumatran rhinoceros (
2889:"Description of a new subspecies of Rhinoceros, from Borneo,
2145:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 635.
1252:
Sumatran rhinoceros at the Cincinnati Zoo in Cincinnati, Ohio
632:
625:
618:
611:
604:
597:
4535:"Helping a species go extinct: the Sumatran Rhino in Borneo"
3912:"Wallows and wallow utilization of the Sumatran Rhinoceros (
2957:
Tougard, C.; T. Delefosse; C. Hoenni; C. Montgelard (2001).
1278:, which lived for 32 years and 8 months before dying in the
762:, which once roamed India and Bangladesh, has been declared
4646:"Officials: Sumatran rhino is extinct in the wild in Sabah"
4019:"The mineral content of food plants of the Sumatran Rhino (
2862:"Officials: Sumatran rhino is extinct in the wild in Sabah"
902:
Although historically many fossil species were assigned to
4370:) in captivity: behavioral challenges, hormonal solutions"
2260:
Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1940:
acquired a bull and cow in 1872 that had been captured in
1936:
Sumatran rhinos do not thrive outside of their ecosystem.
3617:
Asian Rhinos – Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
2917:
Officials: Sumatran rhino is extinct in the wild in Sabah
2314:
The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A study of T'ang Exotics
1759:(SRS), as well as a male calf born on November 25, 2023.
1362:
on Sumatra; and on Indonesian Borneo west of Samarindah.
5332:"Rhino on camera was rare sub-species: wildlife group".
5201:"Bayi badak sumatera lahir di Taman Nasional Way Kambas"
4720:
4718:
4671:"Officials:Sumatran rhino now extinct in Malaysian wild"
4512:"Sumatran rhino population plunges, down to 100 animals"
4169:"Reproductive behaviour of captive Sumatran rhinoceros (
2568:"Description of the Double Horned Rhinoceros of Sumatra"
1648:
families. The most common species the rhino consumes is
2798:
International_Rhino_Foundation#Sumatran_Rhino_Sanctuary
1657:
The vegetal diet of the Sumatran rhinoceros is high in
1392:
was not as significant a barrier for the rhinos as the
954:
based on whole nuclear genomes, after Liu et al, 2021:
27:
Critically Endangered species of small Asian rhinoceros
4903:"Rare baby Sumatra rhinoceros named a 'gift from God'"
4126:"Songlike vocalizations from the Sumatran Rhinoceros (
2778:(Abridged ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
899:, until at least 40,000 years ago and possibly later.
541:; therefore, the species was originally identified as
5928:
2043:
Sumatran rhinos Emi and Harapan at the Cincinnati Zoo
678:
in small numbers. They have recently gone extinct in
455:
had become extinct in the northern part of Borneo in
4989:. The Malay Mail Online. 4 June 2017. Archived from
4909:. Agence France-Presse. 26 June 2012. Archived from
3889:. The Hague: Kugler Publications. pp. 125–126.
3790:"Sumatran Rhino Caught on Camera in East Kalimantan"
1795:
Sumatran rhinos were once quite numerous throughout
1176:
1153:
972:
6258:
5987:
5851:
5835:
5807:
5783:
5759:
5726:
5709:
5536:
5519:
5367:"Endangered pregnant Borneo rhino caught on camera"
4754:
The great and small game of India, Burma, and Tibet
2738:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
2445:
2443:
581:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
4726:"Hari Badak Sedunia: Innalillahi Badak Kalimantan"
3910:Ng, J.S.C.; Zainal-Zahari, Z.; Nordin, A. (2001).
2771:
2485:"Rare Sumatran rhino sighted in Indonesian Borneo"
1342:. All known living animals occur in the island of
5348:Video of the Sumatran rhinoceros is available at
4294:(6) (abridged from Communiqué ed.): 352–353.
2092:, which featured mainly Javan and Indian rhinos.
1455:with a large front horn in London Zoo around 1904
796:Ancestral rhinoceroses first diverged from other
5199:Sukarta/Muklasin, Agus Wira (26 November 2023).
3209:"Extinction chronology of the woolly rhinoceros
2538:Williams, David; Ko, Stella (24 November 2019).
740:are unconfirmed. This subspecies is named after
459:, Malaysia. A tiny population was discovered in
5314:"Rhinos alive and well in the final frontier".
4697:"Sumatran rhino dies weeks after rare sighting"
4017:Lee, Y.H.; Stuebing, R.B.; Ahmad, A.H. (1993).
3674:
3672:
3619:. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK.
3013:Xu, Xiufeng; Axel Janke; Ulfur Arnason (1996).
2573:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
2346:
2344:
537:originally classified all rhinos in the genus,
5148:"A story of hope | Sumatran rhino born | News"
5034:"Malaysia's last male Sumatran rhino Tam dies"
3938:
3936:
3771:"Traces of Sumatran rhino found in Kalimantan"
3207:Stuart, Anthony J.; Lister, Adrian M. (2012).
1416:(WWF) announced that the team when monitoring
710:. A third calf female was born in March 2022.
5439:
4598:
4596:
4580:
4578:
4119:
4117:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2451:"15 Bornean rhinos discovered in Kalimantan?"
2220:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6553A18493355.en
1496:Sumatran rhinoceros wallowing, Cincinnati Zoo
8:
5130:"Rare Sumatran rhino calf born in Indonesia"
4961:"Only three Sumatran Rhino left in Malaysia"
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
732:, with them having recently gone extinct in
6338:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
5078:"Last male Sumatran rhino in Malaysia dies"
5056:"Malaysia's last known Sumatran rhino dies"
4673:. Free Malaysia Today. 2015. Archived from
3681:Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6
3615:Foose, Thomas J.; van Strien, Nico (1997).
3062:Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6
2687:Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6
2603:Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6
2287:The Art of Rhinoceros Horn Carving in China
2051:, all in captivity in the eastern state of
2022:Rhino Sanctuary at Way Kambas National Park
1500:There has been little opportunity to study
1477:in mud baths to cool down and rest. In the
5975:
5848:
5723:
5695:
5533:
5505:
5446:
5432:
5424:
4281:"New hope for Sumatran rhino conservation"
3714:"Sumatran rhino numbers revised downwards"
3533:Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
2933:"Malaysia's last male Sumatran rhino dies"
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
357:
149:
125:
38:
4359:
4357:
4329:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4162:
4160:
4148:
3985:A field study of the Sumatran rhinoceros
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3660:
3437:
3388:
3183:
3173:
3111:
3101:
3036:
2585:
2431:
2386:
2376:
2218:
1720:offspring-rearing behavior is unstudied.
6393:Critically endangered fauna of Indonesia
3751:(2). Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 194–196.
3685:European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3066:European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
2691:European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
2607:European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
2289:. London: Christie's Books. p. 27.
1330:. Unconfirmed reports also placed it in
1302:A rhinoceros roaming the ruined city of
5935:
3816:"New hope for Sumatran rhino in Borneo"
3302:Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition
2190:
2116:
423:The Sumatran rhinoceros once inhabited
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
4462:Budiman, Budisantoso (14 June 2022).
3143:
3141:
3139:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3038:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025681
2971:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2834:Sheridan, Kerry (22 September 2015).
2195:Ellis, S. & Talukdar, B. (2020).
583:established the proper genus name as
7:
5036:. The Malay Mail Online. 27 May 2019
4490:"Last chance for the Sumatran rhino"
3991:. Zurich: Juris Druck & Verlag.
3948:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis
2808:Cota Larson, Rhishja (12 May 2016).
1846:with unproven medicinal properties.
1390:channel between Sumatra and Malaysia
694:, but were later recognized to be a
6383:Critically endangered fauna of Asia
4562:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09030482.x
4366:"Breeding the Sumatran rhinoceros (
4090:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni
4023:) in Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia"
3792:. The Jakarta Globe. Archived from
2891:Didermocerus sumatrensis harrissoni
2746:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
2206:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1853:Adult with juvenile, Cincinnati Zoo
1352:Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
1146:
1119:
1063:
1056:
1000:
993:
964:
957:
792:Skeleton of the Sumatran rhinoceros
708:Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden
4843:"Meet "Harry" the Sumatran Rhino!"
4092:) in captivity in Sabah, Malaysia"
736:. Reports of animals surviving in
403:and one of five extant species of
25:
4226:Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
4192:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.041
4137:Acoustics Research Letters Online
2075:Illustration of 'Begum' from 1872
1711:Mother with four-day-old juvenile
563:Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger
399:, is a rare member of the family
5962:
5950:
5938:
5913:
5912:
4238:10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00416.x
3788:Erwida Maulia (2 October 2013).
3757:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00611.x
3662:10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-9.x
3563:Groves, C. P.; Kurt, F. (1972).
3412:Lander, B.; Brunson, K. (2018).
2651:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96171.x
1597:
1588:
1577:
1568:
191:
5373:. 21 April 2010. Archived from
3829:Jessie Yeung (14 August 2020).
3773:. 29 March 2013. Archived from
3240:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.06.007
3024:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2897:Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen
2860:Hance, Jeremy (23 April 2015).
4874:Watson, Paul (26 April 2007).
4757:. Asian Educational Services.
4589:. Scientific Progress Reports.
2914:Jeremy Hance (23 April 2015),
1265:(4,410 lb). Like the two
1:
5084:. 27 May 2019. Archived from
4389:10.1016/S0018-506X(03)00068-0
3923:Journal of Wildlife and Parks
3154:Journal of Quaternary Science
3148:Pandolfi, Luca (April 2023).
2931:Woodyatt, Amy (27 May 2019).
1449:Male of the possibly extinct
1184:Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis
886:Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis
2566:Banks, J.; Bell, W. (1793).
2378:10.1371/journal.pone.0136643
1876:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
1840:traditional Chinese medicine
1504:in the Sumatran rhinoceros.
1367:Kerinci Seblat National Park
1306:, northern Thailand, in 1867
755:northern Sumatran rhinoceros
626:
612:
598:
5231:Mongabay Environmental News
4779:"Andalas – A Living Legacy"
4180:Animal Reproduction Science
2517:Mongabay Environmental News
2086:Natural History New Zealand
1356:Gunung Leuser National Park
952:Stephanorhinus hemitoechus)
879:, around 14,000 years ago.
784:Rhinoceros § Evolution
726:eastern Sumatran rhinoceros
659:western Sumatran rhinoceros
524:Johann Fischer von Waldheim
397:Asian two-horned rhinoceros
6409:
4751:Lydekker, Richard (1900).
3881:Rookmaaker, L. C. (1998).
3860:nationalgeographic.grid.id
3527:van Strien, N. J. (1974).
3283:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.002
3220:Quaternary Science Reviews
3103:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.032
2864:. Mongabay. Archived from
2327:"Rhino population figures"
2250:Rookmaaker, L. C. (1984).
1786:, Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary
892:Stephanorhinus hemitoechus
781:
633:
619:
605:
29:
6378:Mammals described in 1814
6348:Mammals of Southeast Asia
5910:
5698:
5694:
5508:
5504:
5466:
4609:Columbia University Press
4603:Dinerstein, Eric (2003).
4514:. News.mongabay.com. 2013
3950:) in Peninsular Malaysia"
3640:Choudhury, A. U. (1997).
3565:"Dicerorhinus sumatrenis"
3487:10.1007/s10592-017-1011-1
3439:10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.012
3381:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.021
2711:Encyclopædia Britannica,
2453:. Mongabay. 14 March 2016
2433:10.1017/S0030605315000472
1910:, the Indonesian part of
1747:and it had unpredictable
1607:Clockwise from top left:
1516:, which can be spread by
1470:Marking their territories
1174:
1151:
1144:
1124:
1117:
1088:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1025:
1005:
998:
991:
970:
962:
832:) belonging to the genus
365:
356:
317:
312:
293:
286:
188:Scientific classification
186:
169:
147:
138:
133:
124:
41:
6033:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
6019:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
5989:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
4368:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
4309:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
4217:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
4171:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
4128:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
4021:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
3987:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
3914:Dicerorhinus Sumatrensis
3736:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
3463:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
3355:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
2414:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
2329:. SaveTheRhino.org. 2015
2254:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
2199:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
2131:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
1761:Way Kambas National Park
1757:Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary
1403:conservation geneticists
1360:Way Kambas National Park
1294:Distribution and habitat
1131:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
938:population fragmentation
916:Dicerorhinus gwebinensis
704:Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary
676:Way Kambas National Park
674:in Sumatra, but also in
518:, then president of the
470:with its feet, twisting
384:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
297:Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
48:Early Pleistocene–Recent
5395:Sumatran Rhino Pictures
4876:"Come into my mud pool"
4533:Rabinowitz, A. (1995).
3745:Molecular Ecology Notes
3322:10.1111/1755-6724.14719
3211:Coelodonta antiquitatis
2740:(1977). "Opinion 1080.
1161:Coelodonta antiquitatis
977:Elasmotherium sibiricum
940:due to the flooding of
908:Dicerorhinus fusuiensis
863:Coelodonta antiquitatis
623:, meaning "horn"), and
557:, and gave it the name
520:Royal Society of London
6260:Rhinoceros sumatrensis
5881:South American tapir (
4288:International Zoo News
4069:International Zoo News
3263:Comptes Rendus Palevol
2992:10.1006/mpev.2000.0903
2887:Groves, C. P. (1965).
2587:10.1098/rstl.1793.0003
2139:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
2076:
2044:
1983:
1933:
1854:
1844:demand for rhino horns
1787:
1712:
1497:
1456:
1385:
1307:
1261:
1253:
793:
543:Rhinoceros sumatrensis
504:
6230:Paleobiology Database
5771:Sumatran rhinoceros (
5419:Borneo Rhino Alliance
5414:Rhino and Forest Fund
5399:Rhino Resource Center
5283:"The Forgotten Rhino"
4881:The Los Angeles Times
4377:Hormones and Behavior
4331:10.1530/rep.0.1210139
4063:Nardelli, F. (2013).
3467:Conservation Genetics
3096:(19): 4874–4885.e16.
2774:Greek-English Lexicon
2074:
2042:
1977:
1925:
1852:
1805:inbreeding depression
1801:critically endangered
1782:
1710:
1661:and only moderate in
1495:
1448:
1375:
1301:
1259:
1251:
791:
760:Chittagong rhinoceros
664:Bukit Barisan Selatan
529:The specific epithet
502:
441:critically endangered
387:), also known as the
156:Critically Endangered
18:Sumatran rhinoceroses
6368:Mammals of Indonesia
5578:Przewalski's horse (
5458:(Odd-toed ungulates)
5335:Agence France Presse
5253:"The Littlest Rhino"
4677:on 24 September 2015
4542:Conservation Biology
4492:. IUCN. 4 April 2013
4364:Roth, T. L. (2003).
3017:Rhinoceros unicornis
2630:Conservation Biology
2285:Chapman, J. (1999).
2213:: e.T6553A18493355.
1902:was confirmed to be
1894:was confirmed to be
1441:Behavior and ecology
1095:Rhinoceros sondaicus
1075:Rhinoceros unicornis
925:Pairwise sequential
914:of South China, and
6373:Mammals of Malaysia
5738:Indian rhinoceros (
5461:species by suborder
5391:Sumatran Rhino Info
5354:World Wildlife Fund
5180:. 30 September 2023
4950:. (1 November 2015)
4855:on 17 November 2007
4791:on 17 November 2007
4732:. 22 September 2023
4554:1995ConBi...9..482R
4468:ANTARA News Lampung
4263:on 19 January 2018.
3983:Borner, M. (1979).
3597:on 1 November 2012.
3479:2018ConG...19..397S
3430:2018CBio...28.R252L
3373:2018CBio...28E..70M
3314:2021AcGlS..95.1065C
3275:2012CRPal..11..555T
3232:2012QSRv...51....1S
3166:2023JQS....38..291P
2984:2001MolPE..19...34T
2963:and 12s rRNA genes"
2643:1997ConBi..11..539M
2369:2015PLoSO..1036643P
2102:World Wildlife Fund
2090:The Forgotten Rhino
2067:Cultural depictions
1998:, and a cow in the
1904:extinct in the wild
1896:extinct in the wild
1520:carrying parasitic
1414:World Wildlife Fund
1407:microsatellite loci
1127:Sumatran rhinoceros
1032:Ceratotherium simum
934:Eemian Interglacial
897:last glacial period
895:surviving into the
680:Peninsular Malaysia
495:Taxonomy and naming
379:Sumatran rhinoceros
279:D. sumatrensis
141:Conservation status
42:Sumatran rhinoceros
5819:Black rhinoceros (
5795:White rhinoceros (
5747:Javan rhinoceros (
5609:African wild ass (
5110:. 23 November 2019
5058:. 23 November 2019
4823:on 27 October 2007
4644:Hance, J. (2015).
4571:on 10 August 2014.
2868:on 7 December 2015
2310:Schafer, Edward H.
2082:The Littlest Rhino
2077:
2045:
2015:, was returned to
1984:
1934:
1855:
1788:
1713:
1498:
1457:
1422:West Kutai Regency
1420:activity found in
1386:
1308:
1272:sexually dimorphic
1262:
1254:
1180:Merck's rhinoceros
794:
721:Bornean rhinoceros
609:, meaning "two"),
575:proposed the name
571:in 1841. In 1868,
565:proposed the name
505:
453:Bornean rhinoceros
6358:Mammals of Borneo
6325:
6324:
6217:Open Tree of Life
5981:Taxon identifiers
5926:
5925:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5845:
5831:
5830:
5720:
5690:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5580:E. f. przewalskii
5553:
5530:
5459:
5377:on 24 April 2010.
5317:New Straits Times
5295:on 1 October 2006
5263:on 9 October 2007
5233:. 8 November 2023
4965:New Straits Times
4913:on 10 August 2014
4764:978-81-206-1162-7
4150:10.1121/1.1588271
4108:10.1002/zoo.20107
3896:978-90-5103-134-8
3687:. pp. 96–98.
3572:Mammalian Species
3068:. pp. 46–49.
2693:. pp. 70–74.
2152:978-0-8018-8221-0
1980:preserved remains
1784:D. s. sumatrensis
1745:induced by mating
1394:Barisan Mountains
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1157:Woolly rhinoceros
1106:
1105:
1071:Indian rhinoceros
1043:
1042:
912:Early Pleistocene
873:Upper Pleistocene
859:woolly rhinoceros
826:Indian rhinoceros
806:Mitochondrial DNA
700:D. s. sumatrensis
653:D. s. sumatrensis
485:Indonesian Borneo
407:; it is the only
375:
374:
350:
337:
332:D. s. sumatrensis
327:
181:
164:
32:woolly rhinoceros
16:(Redirected from
6400:
6363:Mammals of India
6353:Fauna of Sumatra
6318:
6317:
6305:
6304:
6292:
6291:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6251:
6250:
6238:
6237:
6225:
6224:
6212:
6211:
6199:
6198:
6186:
6185:
6173:
6172:
6160:
6159:
6147:
6146:
6134:
6133:
6121:
6120:
6108:
6107:
6095:
6094:
6082:
6081:
6072:
6071:
6059:
6058:
6046:
6045:
6036:
6035:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6008:
6007:
6006:
5976:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5955:
5954:
5943:
5942:
5934:
5916:
5915:
5872:Mountain tapir (
5849:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5714:
5696:
5665:Mountain zebra (
5589:Domestic horse (
5552:
5551:
5543:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5506:
5457:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5425:
5379:
5378:
5363:
5357:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5338:. 25 April 2007.
5329:
5323:
5322:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5291:. Archived from
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5259:. Archived from
5249:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5104:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4972:
4967:. 26 August 2016
4957:
4951:
4948:Associated Press
4941:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4851:. Archived from
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4819:. Archived from
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4787:. Archived from
4775:
4769:
4768:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4722:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4600:
4591:
4590:
4582:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4564:. Archived from
4539:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4443:. 2 October 2023
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4374:
4361:
4352:
4351:
4333:
4315:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4285:
4276:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4256:. Archived from
4223:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4186:(3–4): 327–335.
4177:
4164:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4134:
4121:
4112:
4111:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4027:
4014:
4003:
4002:
3980:
3961:
3960:
3954:
3940:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3818:. 22 March 2016.
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3796:on 23 March 2014
3785:
3779:
3778:
3777:on 1 April 2013.
3767:
3761:
3760:
3742:
3729:
3723:
3722:. 18 March 2012.
3711:
3705:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3646:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3612:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3590:. Archived from
3569:
3560:
3541:
3540:
3524:
3499:
3498:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3424:(6): R252–R253.
3409:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3308:(4): 1065–1072.
3293:
3287:
3286:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3217:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3177:
3175:10.1002/jqs.3496
3145:
3134:
3133:
3115:
3105:
3081:
3070:
3069:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3031:(9): 1167–1173.
3010:
3004:
3003:
2967:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:, 1876, p.
2701:
2695:
2694:
2682:
2663:
2662:
2624:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2247:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2222:
2192:
2165:
2164:
2121:
2098:Malaysian Borneo
1994:, a bull in the
1729:black rhinoceros
1717:gestation period
1601:
1592:
1581:
1572:
1288:subcutaneous fat
1178:
1155:
1147:
1120:
1091:Javan rhinoceros
1064:
1057:
1028:White Rhinoceros
1012:Diceros bicornis
1008:Black rhinoceros
1001:
994:
974:
968:Elasmotheriinae
965:
958:
830:Javan rhinoceros
715:D. s. harrissoni
636:
635:
629:
622:
621:
615:
608:
607:
601:
573:John Edward Gray
509:Fort Marlborough
476:Javan rhinoceros
393:hairy rhinoceros
369:
361:
345:
335:
325:
322:D. s. harrissoni
299:
196:
195:
175:
158:
153:
152:
129:
119:
49:
45:Temporal range:
39:
21:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6321:
6313:
6308:
6300:
6295:
6287:
6282:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6254:
6246:
6241:
6233:
6228:
6220:
6215:
6207:
6204:Observation.org
6202:
6194:
6189:
6181:
6176:
6168:
6163:
6155:
6150:
6142:
6137:
6129:
6124:
6116:
6111:
6103:
6098:
6090:
6085:
6077:
6075:
6067:
6062:
6054:
6049:
6041:
6039:
6031:
6026:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5983:
5973:
5963:
5961:
5949:
5937:
5929:
5927:
5922:
5898:
5890:Malayan tapir (
5863:Baird's tapir (
5841:
5840:
5827:
5803:
5779:
5755:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5705:
5682:
5674:Grévy's zebra (
5545:
5544:
5542:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5515:
5500:
5462:
5456:Perissodactyla
5452:
5387:
5382:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5347:
5343:
5331:
5330:
5326:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5281:
5280:
5276:
5266:
5264:
5257:Asia Geographic
5251:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5210:
5208:
5207:(in Indonesian)
5198:
5197:
5193:
5183:
5181:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5154:. 28 March 2022
5146:
5145:
5141:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5091:
5089:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5039:
5037:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4942:
4938:
4930:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4824:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4794:
4792:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4765:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4735:
4733:
4724:
4723:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4654:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4631:Payne J. 2016.
4630:
4626:
4619:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4568:
4537:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4473:
4471:
4470:(in Indonesian)
4461:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4355:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4268:
4260:
4221:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4158:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4042:10.2307/2388795
4025:
4016:
4015:
4006:
3999:
3982:
3981:
3964:
3952:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3918:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3862:(in Indonesian)
3854:
3853:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3712:
3708:
3704:. 18 March 2012
3696:
3692:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3614:
3613:
3602:
3594:
3580:10.2307/3503818
3567:
3562:
3561:
3544:
3526:
3525:
3502:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3418:Current Biology
3411:
3410:
3406:
3367:(1): 70–76.e4.
3361:Current Biology
3350:
3349:
3345:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3147:
3146:
3137:
3083:
3082:
3073:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2814:annamiticus.com
2807:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2666:
2626:
2625:
2614:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2519:. 15 April 2019
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2493:. 23 March 2016
2483:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2363:(9): e0139982.
2350:
2349:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2249:
2248:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2194:
2193:
2168:
2153:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2069:
2013:Los Angeles Zoo
1992:Los Angeles Zoo
1988:Port Lympne Zoo
1920:
1908:East Kalimantan
1859:illegal logging
1793:
1777:
1705:
1679:
1646:Melastomataceae
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1562:
1542:Elephas maximus
1443:
1426:East Kalimantan
1296:
1246:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1107:
1044:
989:Rhinocerotinae
786:
780:
752:, known as the
730:East Kalimantan
718:, known as the
656:, known as the
591:comes from the
497:
463:in early 2016.
461:East Kalimantan
411:species of the
371:
367:
308:
301:
295:
282:
190:
182:
165:
154:
150:
143:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6406:
6404:
6396:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6330:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6306:
6293:
6280:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6239:
6226:
6213:
6200:
6187:
6174:
6161:
6148:
6135:
6122:
6109:
6096:
6083:
6073:
6060:
6047:
6037:
6024:
6009:
5993:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5972:
5971:
5959:
5947:
5924:
5923:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5887:
5878:
5869:
5859:
5857:
5846:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5815:
5813:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5773:D. sumatrensis
5767:
5765:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5744:
5734:
5732:
5721:
5717:(Rhinoceroses)
5711:Rhinocerotidae
5707:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5671:
5662:
5656:Plains zebra (
5643:
5642:
5633:
5624:
5615:
5596:
5595:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5556:
5554:
5531:
5527:(Horse family)
5517:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5496:Laurasiatheria
5492:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5404:Sumatran Rhino
5401:
5386:
5385:External links
5383:
5381:
5380:
5358:
5350:"Asian rhinos"
5341:
5324:
5321:. 2 July 2006.
5306:
5274:
5244:
5218:
5191:
5165:
5152:Save The Rhino
5139:
5121:
5099:
5088:on 27 May 2019
5069:
5047:
5025:
5004:
4993:on 4 June 2017
4978:
4952:
4936:
4924:
4894:
4866:
4848:Cincinnati Zoo
4834:
4816:Cincinnati Zoo
4802:
4784:Cincinnati Zoo
4770:
4763:
4743:
4714:
4703:. 6 April 2016
4688:
4662:
4636:
4624:
4617:
4592:
4574:
4548:(3): 482–488.
4525:
4503:
4481:
4454:
4428:
4402:
4353:
4324:(1): 139–149.
4297:
4266:
4232:(6): 350–354.
4205:
4156:
4113:
4102:(5): 417–431.
4078:
4055:
4036:(5): 352–355.
4004:
3997:
3962:
3932:
3902:
3895:
3873:
3847:
3821:
3807:
3780:
3762:
3724:
3719:Save The Rhino
3706:
3690:
3668:
3655:(2): 151–152.
3632:
3625:
3600:
3542:
3500:
3473:(2): 397–408.
3453:
3404:
3343:
3288:
3269:(8): 555–562.
3253:
3199:
3160:(3): 291–294.
3135:
3071:
3052:
3005:
2949:
2923:
2906:
2879:
2852:
2826:
2800:
2791:
2784:
2755:
2729:
2696:
2664:
2637:(2): 539–543.
2612:
2593:
2558:
2530:
2504:
2476:
2464:
2439:
2426:(2): 355–359.
2402:
2340:
2318:
2302:
2295:
2277:
2233:
2166:
2151:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2068:
2065:
2030:Cincinnati Zoo
1996:Cincinnati Zoo
1950:Copenhagen Zoo
1946:D. s. lasiotis
1929:D. s. lasiotis
1919:
1916:
1797:Southeast Asia
1792:
1789:
1776:
1773:
1740:Cincinnati Zoo
1734:The period of
1704:
1701:
1692:humpback whale
1678:
1675:
1606:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1452:D. s. lasiotis
1442:
1439:
1430:Zulkifli Hasan
1314:, swamps, and
1295:
1292:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
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1207:
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1202:
1201:
1198:
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1192:
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1173:
1170:
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1150:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1004:
999:
997:
992:
990:
986:
985:
982:
981:
969:
963:
961:
956:
881:Stephanorhinus
868:Stephanorhinus
798:perissodactyls
782:Main article:
779:
776:
772:D. s. lasiotis
749:D. s. lasiotis
668:Kerinci Seblat
551:Joshua Brookes
496:
493:
401:Rhinocerotidae
389:Sumatran rhino
373:
372:
366:
363:
362:
354:
353:
352:
351:
342:D. s. lasiotis
338:
328:
315:
314:
310:
309:
302:
291:
290:
284:
283:
276:
274:
270:
269:
262:
258:
257:
255:Rhinocerotidae
252:
248:
247:
245:Perissodactyla
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
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197:
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61:
56:
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50:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6405:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6298:
6294:
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6285:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6257:
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6240:
6236:
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6223:
6218:
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6210:
6205:
6201:
6197:
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6184:
6179:
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6158:
6153:
6149:
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6140:
6136:
6132:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6070:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6038:
6034:
6029:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5977:
5970:
5960:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5932:
5921:
5920:
5909:
5895:
5893:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5883:T. terrestris
5879:
5877:
5875:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5847:
5838:
5834:
5824:
5822:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5786:Ceratotherium
5782:
5776:
5774:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5722:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5697:
5693:
5679:
5677:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5587:
5583:
5581:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5549:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5532:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5460:
5449:
5444:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5376:
5372:
5371:The Telegraph
5368:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5342:
5337:
5336:
5328:
5325:
5320:
5318:
5310:
5307:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5275:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5192:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5166:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5035:
5029:
5026:
5014:
5008:
5005:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4966:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4928:
4925:
4912:
4908:
4907:Jakarta Globe
4904:
4898:
4895:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4870:
4867:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4822:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4774:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4747:
4744:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4702:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4651:
4647:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4620:
4618:0-231-08450-1
4614:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4526:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4455:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4417:. 14 May 2016
4416:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4371:
4369:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4301:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4218:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4172:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4129:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4079:
4075:(5): 323–339.
4074:
4070:
4066:
4059:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4022:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3998:3-260-04600-3
3994:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3951:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3928:
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3917:
3915:
3906:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3874:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3737:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3628:
3626:2-8317-0336-0
3622:
3618:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3440:
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3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3405:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
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3362:
3358:
3356:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2950:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2910:
2907:
2903:(3): 128–131.
2902:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2880:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2853:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2827:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2785:0-19-910207-4
2781:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2768:Scott, Robert
2765:
2764:Liddell, H.G.
2759:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:. p. 52.
2608:
2604:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2559:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2303:
2298:
2296:0-903432-57-9
2292:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:Bornean rhino
1884:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:vocalizations
1685:
1677:Communication
1676:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:mud-volcanoes
1664:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1638:Euphorbiaceae
1628:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1591:
1580:
1571:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:ectoparasites
1480:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:cloud forests
1313:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1258:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
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1072:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1002:
996:
995:
988:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
978:
967:
966:
960:
959:
955:
953:
949:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
893:
888:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:
831:
827:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
790:
785:
777:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
750:
745:
743:
742:Tom Harrisson
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:Gunung Leuser
669:
665:
661:
660:
655:
654:
649:
647:
642:
640:
630:
628:
616:
614:
602:
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586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:Carl Linnaeus
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
514:
510:
501:
494:
492:
488:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:cloud forests
430:
426:
421:
419:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:
380:
364:
360:
355:
348:
344:
343:
339:
336:Fischer, 1814
334:
333:
329:
324:
323:
319:
318:
316:
311:
306:
300:
298:
292:
289:
288:Binomial name
285:
281:
280:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
263:
260:
259:
256:
253:
250:
249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
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194:
189:
185:
179:
173:
168:
162:
157:
146:
142:
137:
132:
128:
123:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6388:EDGE species
6343:Dicerorhinus
6259:
5988:
5917:
5891:
5882:
5874:T. pinchaque
5873:
5864:
5852:
5820:
5808:
5796:
5784:
5772:
5770:
5762:Dicerorhinus
5760:
5749:R. sondaicus
5748:
5740:R. unicornis
5739:
5727:
5702:Ceratomorpha
5700:
5675:
5666:
5657:
5648:
5646:
5637:
5628:
5619:
5611:E. africanus
5610:
5601:
5599:
5590:
5579:
5570:
5569:Wild horse (
5561:
5559:
5537:
5510:
5375:the original
5370:
5361:
5353:
5344:
5333:
5327:
5315:
5309:
5297:. Retrieved
5293:the original
5286:
5277:
5265:. Retrieved
5261:the original
5256:
5247:
5235:. Retrieved
5230:
5221:
5209:. Retrieved
5204:
5194:
5182:. Retrieved
5177:
5168:
5156:. Retrieved
5151:
5142:
5133:
5124:
5112:. Retrieved
5102:
5090:. Retrieved
5086:the original
5081:
5072:
5060:. Retrieved
5050:
5038:. Retrieved
5028:
5016:. Retrieved
5007:
4995:. Retrieved
4991:the original
4981:
4969:. Retrieved
4964:
4955:
4947:
4939:
4927:
4915:. Retrieved
4911:the original
4906:
4897:
4885:. Retrieved
4879:
4869:
4857:. Retrieved
4853:the original
4846:
4837:
4825:. Retrieved
4821:the original
4814:
4805:
4793:. Retrieved
4789:the original
4782:
4773:
4753:
4746:
4734:. Retrieved
4729:
4705:. Retrieved
4700:
4691:
4679:. Retrieved
4675:the original
4665:
4653:. Retrieved
4649:
4639:
4627:
4607:. New York:
4604:
4586:
4566:the original
4545:
4541:
4528:
4516:. Retrieved
4506:
4494:. Retrieved
4484:
4472:. Retrieved
4467:
4457:
4445:. Retrieved
4440:
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4414:
4405:
4380:
4376:
4367:
4321:
4318:Reproduction
4317:
4308:
4300:
4291:
4287:
4258:the original
4229:
4225:
4216:
4208:
4183:
4179:
4170:
4140:
4136:
4127:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4081:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4033:
4029:
4020:
3988:
3984:
3956:
3947:
3926:
3922:
3913:
3905:
3886:
3883:"London, UK"
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3859:
3850:
3838:. Retrieved
3834:
3824:
3810:
3798:. Retrieved
3794:the original
3783:
3775:the original
3765:
3748:
3744:
3735:
3727:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3680:
3652:
3648:
3635:
3616:
3592:the original
3571:
3536:
3532:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3346:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3223:
3219:
3210:
3202:
3185:11563/163194
3157:
3153:
3093:
3089:
3061:
3055:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3008:
2978:(1): 34–44.
2975:
2969:
2960:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2936:
2926:
2916:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2866:the original
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2839:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2813:
2803:
2794:
2773:
2758:
2749:
2745:
2742:Didermocerus
2741:
2732:
2718:, vol.
2714:
2710:
2699:
2686:
2634:
2628:
2602:
2596:
2577:
2571:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2543:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2516:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2488:
2479:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2423:
2419:
2413:
2405:
2360:
2356:
2331:. Retrieved
2321:
2313:
2305:
2286:
2280:
2266:(1): 12–25.
2263:
2259:
2253:
2224:. Retrieved
2210:
2204:
2198:
2141:
2137:Wilson, D.E.
2130:
2119:
2106:
2094:
2089:
2081:
2078:
2061:
2057:
2046:
2026:
1985:
1957:
1954:
1945:
1935:
1927:
1918:In captivity
1885:
1881:Allee effect
1856:
1828:tuberculosis
1809:
1794:
1783:
1775:Conservation
1749:progesterone
1733:
1722:
1714:
1703:Reproduction
1683:
1680:
1656:
1649:
1634:
1624:
1618:
1608:
1546:
1541:
1522:trypanosomes
1502:epidemiology
1499:
1487:suppurations
1479:rainy season
1458:
1450:
1435:
1411:
1387:
1378:cloud forest
1364:
1348:
1309:
1284:
1275:
1263:
1183:
1175:
1160:
1152:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1094:
1089:
1074:
1069:
1031:
1026:
1011:
1006:
975:
971:
951:
946:
924:
915:
907:
904:Dicerorhinus
903:
901:
890:
884:
880:
877:last ice age
866:
862:
856:
851:
848:Dicerorhinus
847:
844:Dicerorhinus
843:
839:
833:
822:
802:Early Eocene
795:
771:
767:
759:
753:
748:
747:
746:
725:
719:
714:
713:
712:
699:
691:
657:
652:
651:
650:
643:
624:
610:
596:
589:Dicerorhinus
588:
585:Dicerorhinus
584:
577:Ceratorhinus
576:
568:Dicerorhinus
566:
559:Didermocerus
558:
554:
546:
542:
538:
530:
528:
516:Joseph Banks
506:
489:
479:
465:
439:. It is now
422:
417:Dicerorhinus
415:
396:
392:
388:
383:
382:
378:
376:
340:
330:
326:Groves, 1965
320:
296:
294:
278:
277:
266:Dicerorhinus
265:
36:
6113:iNaturalist
6013:Wikispecies
5821:D. bicornis
5650:Hippotigris
5629:E. hemionus
5591:E. caballus
5546:(including
5512:Hippomorpha
5494:Superorder
5488:Infraclass
5237:27 November
5211:27 November
5205:Antara News
5184:27 November
5092:24 November
5062:23 November
5018:23 November
4736:27 November
4730:betahita.id
4096:Zoo Biology
3574:(21): 1–6.
3539:(16): 1–82.
3113:10230/48693
2551:27 November
2226:19 November
1926:The female
1836:aphrodisiac
1832:coconut oil
1791:In the wild
1615:mangosteens
1518:horse-flies
1465:territories
1437:Indonesia.
1399:Pleistocene
1397:during the
1304:Chiang Saen
1276:D. lasiotis
1244:Description
692:D. s. niger
686:. A slight
637:, meaning "
531:sumatrensis
447:and one in
425:rainforests
313:Subspecies
6332:Categories
6275:Q109647459
5892:T. indicus
5865:T. bairdii
5729:Rhinoceros
5319:(Malaysia)
5299:6 December
5267:6 December
5114:21 January
4887:5 December
4859:4 November
4827:4 November
4795:4 November
4474:20 January
4447:12 October
4421:15 January
4030:Biotropica
3866:11 January
3683:. London:
3064:. London:
2920:, Mongabay
2689:. London:
2605:. London:
2523:21 January
2112:References
2008:Indonesian
2004:Terri Roth
1942:Chittagong
1938:London Zoo
1838:; in fact
1767:province,
1549:salt licks
1510:gyrostigma
1328:Bangladesh
1322:, eastern
1312:rainforest
1280:London Zoo
930:coalescent
852:Rhinoceros
840:Rhinoceros
835:Rhinoceros
646:subspecies
644:The three
555:Rhinoceros
547:sumatranus
539:Rhinoceros
513:naturalist
405:rhinoceros
174:Appendix I
5969:Indonesia
5837:Tapiridae
5676:E. grevyi
5658:E. quagga
5647:Subgenus
5620:E. asinus
5600:Subgenus
5560:Subgenus
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4681:21 August
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3130:237273079
2129:"Species
2125:Grubb, P.
2034:Indonesia
2000:Bronx Zoo
1769:Indonesia
1753:progestin
1725:urination
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1553:corridors
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1528:and wild
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273:Species:
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6269:Wikidata
6243:Species+
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5571:E. ferus
5490:Eutheria
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5478:Chordata
5472:Animalia
5470:Kingdom
5158:29 March
5134:phys.org
4917:2 August
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4650:Mongabay
4518:2 August
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4415:ABC News
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