1155:
149:
1119:
1143:
1131:
2668:
131:
1430:) are sometimes used to make a beverage termed "sumac-ade", "Indian lemonade", or "rhus juice". This drink is made by soaking the drupes in cool water, rubbing them to extract the essence, straining the liquid through a cotton cloth, and sweetening it. Native Americans also use the leaves and drupes of these sumacs combined with
1196:
1495:
The dyeing property of sumac needed to be considered when it was shipped as a fine floury substance in sacks as a light cargo accompanying heavy cargoes such as marble. Sumac was especially dangerous to marble: "When sumac dust settles on white marble, the result is not immediately apparent, but if
2176:
2006 - Page 257 "In
Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt, sumac is cooked with water to a thick sour paste, which is added to meat and vegetable dishes; this method was also common in Roman times. Sumac appears in the middle eastern spice mixture za'atar (page 288)
1180:
1537:
Sumac was used as a treatment for several different ailments in medieval medicine, primarily in Middle
Eastern and South Asian countries (where sumac was more readily available than in Europe). An 11th-century shipwreck off the coast of
1658:. Small shoots will be found growing near a more mature sumac tree via a shallow running root quite some distance from the primary tree. Thus, root pruning is a means of control without eliminating the plants altogether.
1154:
1247:" beverage by steeping them in water, straining to remove the hairs that may irritate the mouth or throat, sometimes adding sweeteners such as honey or sugar. Sumac's tart flavor comes from high amounts of
1573:
Sumac stems also have a soft pith in the center that is easily removed to make them useful in traditional Native
American pipemaking. They were commonly used as pipe stems in the northern United States.
1650:
Mowing of sumac is not a good control measure, since the wood is springy, resulting in jagged, sharp-pointed stumps when mown. The plant will quickly recover with new growth after mowing.
2700:
1405:, primarily from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries, sumac appeared in cookbooks frequently used by the affluent in Western Europe. One dish in particular called
4108:
1642:
and can cause severe delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Poison sumac may be identified by its white drupes, which are quite different from the red drupes of true
4147:
2620:
2266:
The
Manufacture of Leather: Being a Description of All of the Processes for the Tanning, Tawing, Currying, Finishing and Dyeing of Every Kind of Leather
2163:
Christine
Manfield, Charlie Trotter, Ashley Barber -Spice 2008 - Page 28 "Sumac This reddish ground spice is made from the berries of the sumac bush,"
1243:
The dried fruits of some species are ground to produce a tangy, crimson spice popular in many countries. Fruits are also used to make a traditional "
4056:
4121:
4069:
2693:
2579:
1546:. These could have been intended for use as medicine, as a culinary spice, or as a dye. A clinical study showed that dietary sumac decreases the
4196:
2649:
2486:
2386:
2196:
2402:
Ardalani, Hamidreza; Moghadam, Maryam
Hassanpour; Rahimi, Roja; Soltani, Jalal; Mozayanimonfared, Azadeh; Moradi, Mehdi; Azizi, Ali (2016).
1654:
have long been considered an efficient and quick removal method, as they eat the bark, which helps prevent new shoots. Sumac propagates by
1118:
3815:
2686:
2461:
2445:
1995:
3807:
2359:
2334:
494:
1985:
1300:. Syria uses the spice also, it is one of the main ingredients of Kubah Sumakieh in Aleppo of Syria, it is added to salads in the
4308:
4095:
2151:"Comparative Study on the Chemical Composition of Syrian Sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.) and Chinese Sumac ( Rhus typhina L.) Fruits"
855:
4303:
1496:
it once becomes wet, or even damp, it becomes a powerful purple dye, which penetrates the marble to an extraordinary depth."
553:
regions throughout every continent except
Antarctica and South America. Sumac is used as a spice, as a dye, and in medicine.
4126:
2517:
4134:
592:
or spikes 5–30 cm (2–12 in) long, each flower very small, greenish, creamy white or red, with five petals. The
3965:
3942:
2404:"Sumac as a novel adjunctive treatment in hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial"
1170:
1142:
2456:
Lewis, Thomas H. The
Medicine Men: Oglala Sioux Ceremony and Healing. Publisher: University of Nebraska Press. 1992.
1944:
600:
covered in varying levels of hairs at maturity and form dense clusters at branch tips, sometimes called sumac bobs.
4293:
4209:
3820:
3161:
3111:
1987:
Hippocratic
Recipes: Oral and Written Transmission of Pharmacological Knowledge in Fifth- And Fourth-Century Greece
1780:
1775:
1488:
tanned with sumac is flexible, light in weight, and light in color. One type of leather made with sumac tannins is
1130:
648:
2629:
4298:
4152:
4214:
3830:
3696:
3410:
1526:
4043:
3069:
148:
4017:
3885:
2886:
2839:
2296:
Levey, Martin (1962). "Mediaeval Arabic
Bookmaking and Its Relation to Early Chemistry and Pharmacology".
1461:
1269:
319:
35:
3970:
4183:
4048:
4022:
3825:
3353:
3293:
2979:
2939:
2901:
2724:
1801:
1345:
4074:
1446:
and have been used in the manufacturing of leather by many cultures around the world. The Hebrew name
4288:
4162:
3991:
3547:
3464:
3338:
3236:
2911:
2866:
2803:
2415:
1555:
984:
31:
2520:. Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. University of Nebraska-Lincoln
4313:
3415:
3308:
3251:
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1341:
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4255:
4030:
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3572:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3209:
3141:
2969:
2881:
2876:
2854:
2808:
2735:
2596:
1108:), meaning "sumac", of unknown etymology; the suggestion that it is connected with the verb ῥέω (
1019:
359:
301:
143:
4201:
3766:
4188:
1093:
4170:
4113:
3978:
3848:
3726:
3706:
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2011:
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1522:
1480:
1365:
1337:
1315:
1228:
1211:
942:
872:
511:
456:
2440:
Avitabile, Alphonse. Sammataro, Diana. The Beekeeper's Handbook. Publisher: Comstock 1998.
2126:
1707:
4318:
3771:
3358:
3303:
3283:
3246:
3201:
3004:
2964:
2234:
1489:
1373:
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1327:
1323:
1082:
926:
894:
751:
726:
529:
505:
186:
2419:
2248:
1945:"Rhus | Definition of Rhus by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Rhus"
770:
research. However, the subgenera do not appear to be monophyletic. The larger subgenus,
3731:
3701:
3671:
3654:
3577:
3445:
3370:
3194:
3156:
3131:
3089:
3052:
2220:
2189:
Annals of the Caliphs' Kitchens: Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq's Tenth-century Baghdadi Cookbook
1547:
1474:
1420:
1349:
1311:
1205:
1006:
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934:
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620:
242:
173:
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3363:
3348:
3333:
3323:
3298:
3101:
2849:
2573:
Miller, Allison J.; Young, David A.; Wen, Jun (2001). "Phylogeny and Biogeography of
2545:
2403:
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1319:
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918:
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281:
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259:
232:
88:
42:
4035:
2628:(PhD). Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University. Archived from
2600:
2516:
Ortmann, John; Miles, Katherine L.; Stubbendieck, James H.; Schacht, Walter (1997).
2264:
2150:
1850:
1542:, excavated by archeologists in the 1970s, contained commercial quantities of sumac
4260:
3983:
3721:
3711:
3681:
3617:
3607:
3587:
3567:
3385:
3183:
3126:
3121:
3064:
2824:
2114:
1825:
1627:
1578:
1551:
1426:
1277:
1222:
1035:
971:
763:
745:
267:
3934:
2283:
Marble and marble workers: a handbook for architects, artists, masons and students
3947:
2474:
2324:
4247:
4139:
4082:
3917:
3751:
3746:
3691:
3627:
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3288:
3146:
3022:
2745:
2502:
1966:
1763:
1582:
1414:
1402:
1292:
1216:
979:
902:
644:
63:
3923:
1851:"Phylogeny and Biogeography of Rhus (Anacardiaceae) Based on ITS Sequence Data"
1409:, a stew made from sumac, was frequently rendered as "somacchia" by Europeans.
3858:
3853:
3791:
3776:
3716:
3405:
3313:
3059:
2896:
2891:
2829:
2740:
1613:
1598:
1567:
1394:
1248:
950:
868:
671:
647:
proposing a subgeneric classification with 5 sections in 1825. At its largest
608:
546:
222:
108:
73:
3908:
2206:
17:
4004:
3868:
3863:
3661:
3632:
3582:
3524:
3430:
3318:
3224:
3178:
2798:
2678:
2113:
One may use sumac as a tisane or tea substitute by boiling the dried leaves.
1502:
describes a formula for making red ink out of leeched sumac mixed with gum.
1499:
1382:
860:
663:
562:
550:
113:
4227:
2565:
2667:
4222:
3902:
3781:
3756:
3474:
3459:
3241:
3168:
3136:
3084:
3037:
2994:
2974:
2959:
2924:
2752:
1952:
1639:
1306:
1244:
1232:
1166:
1027:
1011:
988:
834:
720:
199:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
3957:
1919:
1735:
4061:
3686:
3637:
3552:
3542:
3484:
3420:
3390:
3079:
3042:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2934:
2776:
2427:
2174:
Field Guide to Herbs & Spices: How to Identify, Select, and Use ...
1655:
1485:
1431:
1304:, as well as being one of the main ingredients in the Palestinian dish
1297:
864:
714:
708:
702:
624:
589:
581:
130:
118:
93:
576:
that can reach a height of one to ten metres (3–33 ft). The
4087:
3642:
3597:
3537:
3494:
3435:
3380:
3343:
3263:
3258:
3219:
3116:
3106:
3027:
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2929:
2919:
2793:
2781:
2771:
1539:
1457:
1443:
1301:
1287:
843:
585:
212:
4100:
3879:
2309:
2592:
1862:
1566:
Some beekeepers use dried sumac bobs as a source of fuel for their
4009:
3761:
3602:
3562:
3532:
3479:
3440:
3188:
3173:
3047:
3014:
2999:
2984:
2871:
2766:
2730:
1651:
1543:
1332:
1273:
1265:
1255:
655:, with over 250 species, has been the largest genus in the family
616:
597:
593:
565:
533:
403:
389:
369:
160:
1442:
The leaves and bark of most sumac species contain high levels of
3499:
3214:
2844:
2834:
2715:
1606:
1282:
1195:
1161:
693:
612:
604:
577:
569:
433:
423:
413:
339:
329:
3883:
2682:
3996:
1086:
517:
393:
666:
and placed some species in separate genera, hence the use of
520:
486:
465:
2607:
Moffett, RO. "A Revision of Southern African Rhus species".
584:, though some species have trifoliate or simple leaves. The
2235:"BRIT Native American Ethnobotany Database, Rhus trilobata"
2640:
Schmidt, Ernst; Lötter, Mervyn; McCleland, Warren (2002).
2622:
Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae)
2544:
Andrés-Hernández, A. R.; Terrazas, Teresa (October 2009).
2479:
Understanding Wood: a Craftsman's Guide to Wood Technology
483:
2249:"BRIT Native American Ethnobotany Database, Rhus typhina"
1165:
hybrid fossil – about 49.5 million years old, Early
471:
2221:"BRIT Native American Ethnobotany Database, Rhus glabra"
1906:
2642:
Trees and Shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park
1124:
Drupes of a staghorn sumac in Coudersport, Pennsylvania
41:"Sumak" redirects here. For the village in Turkey, see
1849:
Miller, Allison J.; Young, David A.; Wen, Jun (2001).
1717:. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-11-23
495:
474:
462:
27:
Related species of plants in the family Anacardiaceae
1069:
3892:
3841:
3800:
3523:
3013:
2714:
2187:Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq, al-Muẓaffar ibn Naṣr (2010).
514:
480:
468:
459:
2298:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
2263:
1450:means "tanner's sumac", as does the Latin name of
1264:are ground into a reddish-purple powder used as a
743:. Other genera that have been segregated include
3652:
2285:. London: Crosby Lockwood & Son. p. 19.
2481:(2 ed.). Taunton Press. pp. 105–107.
2381:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 506.
2375:Bass, George Fletcher; Allan, James W. (2003).
1514:
1508:
2694:
2577:(Anacardiaceae) Based on ITS Sequence Data".
2191:(Rev. ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
2127:"North American Sumacs You Should Know About"
700:(about 25 spp.), while at the same time
8:
1984:Totelin, Laurence M. V. (October 10, 2009).
1882:
1076:
2378:Serçe Limanı: An Eleventh-century Shipwreck
2270:. Philadelphia, H. C. Baird & co.; etc.
1112:), "to flow", is now rejected by scholars.
3880:
2701:
2687:
2679:
2518:"Management of Smooth Sumac on Grasslands"
774:, has been divided further into sections,
688:). One classification uses two subgenera,
129:
49:
2354:(in Japanese). Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai.
541:and related genera in the cashew family (
2109:
2107:
1468:. Notable sources include the leaves of
1194:
2580:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1855:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1715:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1699:
1667:
1521:was used only for the outerwear of the
1114:
1802:"Rhus in Flora of China @ efloras.org"
1464:-type), a substance used in vegetable
1203:Species including the fragrant sumac (
795:Asia, North Africa and southern Europe
2475:"Chapter 5: Other Properties of Wood"
1456:. The leaves of certain sumacs yield
1063:(13th century), from Mediaeval Latin
1059:traces its etymology from Old French
313:
7:
4163:2052f188-620c-4457-a9a2-47121be0ff6d
1907:Andrés-Hernández & Terrazas 2009
1894:
1593:Some species formerly recognized in
1412:In North America, the smooth sumac (
1330:cuisines, sumac is added to rice or
1096:)- meaning "red". The generic name
1077:
4215:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005665-2
2619:Pell, Susan Katherine (May 2004).
2352:Shinpen shikisai kagaku handobukku
2115:Sumac - Ingredients - Taste.com.au
2087:"Plant database: Rhus microphylla"
1949:Lexico Dictionaries | English
1376:cuisines, it is added to salads,
25:
2329:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 79.
1434:in traditional smoking mixtures.
1231:, either as the wild types or as
138:Sumac fruit in the autumn season
2666:
2062:"Plant Database: Rhus aromatica"
1178:
1153:
1141:
1136:A young branch of staghorn sumac
1129:
1117:
946:– desert sumac, littleleaf sumac
818:– Sicilian sumac, Tanner's sumac
615:and other animals through their
528:) is any of about 35 species of
510:
455:
147:
1967:"ῥοῦς - Ancient Greek (LSJ) 👍"
1296:, it is also commonly added to
1148:Winged sumac leaves and flowers
3065:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
2350:Nihon Shikisai Gakkai (1985).
2262:Davis, Charles Thomas (1885).
2012:"Plant Database: Rhus typhina"
790:Selected species, by continent
1:
2037:"Plant Database: Rhus glabra"
1392:is used in the spice mixture
1280:, it is used as a garnish on
1276:taste to salads or meat. In
1087:
2877:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
1745:. Missouri Botanical Garden
1515:
1221:), and the staghorn sumac (
1171:Klondike Mountain Formation
1070:
295:About 35 species; see text
4335:
2505:. Encyclopedia Brittanica.
2473:Hoadley, R. Bruce (2000).
1781:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1776:Plants of the World Online
1618:Toxicodendron diversilobum
596:are reddish, thin-fleshed
40:
29:
2799:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
2709:Culinary herbs and spices
2000:– via Google Books.
1533:Traditional medicinal use
1509:
1209:), the littleleaf sumac (
1024:Flynn, DeVore, & Pigg
898:– winged or shining sumac
643:has a long history, with
603:Sumacs propagate both by
307:
300:
293:
288:
273:
266:
144:Scientific classification
142:
137:
128:
52:
3697:Montreal steak seasoning
2615:) vol 19 (3) Fascicle 1.
1674:Other spellings include
1638:), produce the allergen
1525:, thus being one of the
1478:, and wood and roots of
2550:s.str. (Anacardiaceae)"
1424:), and staghorn sumac (
4309:Middle Eastern cuisine
3653:
2566:10.1002/fedr.200911109
2546:"Leaf architecture of
1857:. pp. 1401–1407.
1826:"USDA Plants Database"
1603:Toxicodendron radicans
1270:Middle Eastern cuisine
1200:
36:Sumac (disambiguation)
34:. For other uses, see
30:For poison sumac, see
4304:Mediterranean cuisine
4184:Paleobiology Database
2613:Flora of South Africa
1438:Dye and tanning agent
1418:), three-leaf sumac (
1215:), the smooth sumac (
1198:
736:segregated to create
3548:Beau monde seasoning
2913:Limnophila aromatica
2675:at Wikimedia Commons
2281:Lee, Arthur (1888).
1632:Toxicodendron vernix
1589:Toxicity and control
1556:adjunctive treatment
1191:Cultivation and uses
32:Toxicodendron vernix
3672:Jamaican jerk spice
3294:Japanese pricklyash
2420:2016RSCAd...611507A
2414:(14): 11507–11512.
2323:Shaver, R. (2013).
1554:and can be used as
842:or Hawaiian sumac (
786:(two subsections).
768:molecular phylogeny
662:Other authors used
3648:Herbes de Provence
3279:Grains of paradise
3142:Crushed red pepper
2856:Houttuynia cordata
2554:Feddes Repertorium
2428:10.1039/C5RA22840A
2091:www.wildflower.org
2066:www.wildflower.org
2041:www.wildflower.org
2016:www.wildflower.org
1955:on March 19, 2022.
1924:www.etymonline.com
1610:Rhus toxicodendron
1472:, Chinese gall on
1201:
1020:Rhus republicensis
823:Australia, Pacific
582:pinnately compound
545:). Sumacs grow in
4294:Caucasian cuisine
4271:
4270:
4171:Open Tree of Life
3886:Taxon identifiers
3877:
3876:
3849:Chinese herbology
3727:Pumpkin pie spice
3707:Old Bay Seasoning
3667:Italian seasoning
3613:Five-spice powder
2915:(rice-paddy herb)
2758:Indian bay leaf (
2671:Media related to
2651:978-1-919777-30-6
2488:978-1-56158-358-4
2388:978-0-89096-947-2
2198:978-90-04-18811-2
1883:Miller et al 2001
1662:Explanatory notes
1577:Dried sumac wood
1550:in patients with
1041:
1025:
1009:
992:– evergreen sumac
991:
967:– skunkbush sumac
966:
938:– Michaux's sumac
911:Rhus integrifolia
858:
837:
830:Rhus sandwicensis
809:
444:
443:
436:
426:
416:
406:
396:
382:
372:
362:
352:
342:
332:
322:
262:
16:(Redirected from
4326:
4299:Dioecious plants
4264:
4263:
4251:
4250:
4241:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4218:
4217:
4205:
4204:
4192:
4191:
4179:
4178:
4166:
4165:
4156:
4155:
4143:
4142:
4140:NHMSYS0000462380
4130:
4129:
4117:
4116:
4104:
4103:
4091:
4090:
4078:
4077:
4065:
4064:
4052:
4051:
4039:
4038:
4026:
4025:
4013:
4012:
4000:
3999:
3987:
3986:
3974:
3973:
3961:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3938:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3881:
3658:
3465:Tasmanian pepper
3446:Sichuan pepper (
3401:Pomegranate seed
3215:Dill / Dill seed
3070:Brazilian pepper
3033:Alligator pepper
2787:garlic / Chinese
2703:
2696:
2689:
2680:
2670:
2655:
2644:. Jacana Media.
2636:
2635:on 14 July 2010.
2634:
2627:
2604:
2587:(6): 1401–1407.
2569:
2560:(5–6): 293–306.
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2470:
2464:
2454:
2448:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1951:. Archived from
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1704:
1687:
1672:
1623:Rhus diversiloba
1581:under long-wave
1527:forbidden сolors
1523:Emperor of Japan
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1448:og ha-bursaka'im
1227:) are grown for
1182:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1090:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1039:
1023:
1001:
983:
975:– staghorn sumac
962:
943:Rhus microphylla
914:– lemonade sumac
890:– fragrant sumac
873:French Polynesia
854:
833:
805:
639:The taxonomy of
627:, forming large
530:flowering plants
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
516:
509:
498:
493:
492:
489:
488:
485:
482:
477:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
432:
422:
412:
402:
388:
378:
368:
358:
348:
338:
328:
318:
258:
152:
151:
133:
123:
60:
56:Temporal range:
50:
21:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4259:
4254:
4246:
4244:
4236:
4234:
4226:
4221:
4213:
4208:
4200:
4195:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4169:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4146:
4138:
4133:
4125:
4120:
4112:
4107:
4099:
4094:
4086:
4081:
4073:
4068:
4060:
4055:
4047:
4042:
4034:
4029:
4021:
4016:
4008:
4003:
3995:
3990:
3982:
3977:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3933:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3888:
3878:
3873:
3837:
3796:
3772:Tandoori masala
3519:
3396:Peruvian pepper
3284:Grains of Selim
3269:Aromatic ginger
3202:Bunium persicum
3009:
2710:
2707:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2572:
2543:
2539:
2537:Further reading
2534:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2455:
2451:
2439:
2435:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2389:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2310:10.2307/1005932
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1830:plants.usda.gov
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1806:www.efloras.org
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1720:
1718:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1649:
1591:
1564:
1535:
1506:
1490:morocco leather
1440:
1286:dishes such as
1272:to add a tart,
1241:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1174:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1125:
1122:
1053:
930:– prairie sumac
927:Rhus lanceolata
922:– Kearney sumac
895:Rhus copallinum
810:– Chinese sumac
792:
780:Terebinthifolia
692:(about 10
649:circumscription
637:
629:clonal colonies
559:
513:
504:
503:
496:
479:
458:
454:
440:
439:
311:
284:
279:
257:
146:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
59:Ypresian–Recent
58:
57:
54:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4332:
4330:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4276:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:wfo-4000033095
4252:
4242:
4232:
4219:
4206:
4193:
4180:
4167:
4157:
4144:
4131:
4118:
4105:
4092:
4079:
4066:
4053:
4040:
4027:
4014:
4001:
3988:
3975:
3962:
3952:
3939:
3929:
3914:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3842:Related topics
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3702:Mulling spices
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Cinnamon sugar
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3490:Voatsiperifery
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3195:Nigella sativa
3186:
3181:
3179:Coriander seed
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2806:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2662:
2661:External links
2659:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2637:
2616:
2605:
2593:10.1086/322948
2570:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2508:
2503:"Poison sumac"
2494:
2487:
2465:
2462:978-0803279391
2449:
2446:978-0801485039
2433:
2394:
2387:
2367:
2360:
2342:
2335:
2326:Kabuki Costume
2315:
2288:
2273:
2254:
2240:
2226:
2212:
2197:
2179:
2165:
2156:
2142:
2118:
2103:
2078:
2053:
2028:
2003:
1997:978-9004171541
1996:
1976:
1958:
1936:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:10.1086/322948
1841:
1817:
1793:
1755:
1727:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1590:
1587:
1563:
1560:
1548:blood pressure
1534:
1531:
1481:R. pentaphylla
1439:
1436:
1403:medieval times
1240:
1237:
1212:R. microphylla
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1116:
1067:, from Arabic
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1031:
1015:
993:
976:
968:
959:Rhus trilobata
955:
947:
939:
935:Rhus michauxii
931:
923:
915:
907:
906:– smooth sumac
899:
891:
887:Rhus aromatica
877:
876:
851:Rhus taitensis
847:
820:
819:
811:
802:Rhus chinensis
791:
788:
755:. As defined,
636:
633:
619:), and by new
572:in the family
558:
555:
442:
441:
438:
437:
427:
417:
407:
397:
383:
373:
363:
353:
343:
333:
323:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
298:
297:
291:
290:
286:
285:
280:
271:
270:
264:
263:
250:
246:
245:
243:Anacardioideae
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
203:
202:
197:
190:
189:
184:
177:
176:
171:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
140:
139:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
61:
55:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4331:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3742:Ras el hanout
3740:
3738:
3737:Quatre épices
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3677:Khmeli suneli
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:Garlic powder
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Bouquet garni
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:Litsea cubeba
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Juniper berry
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Celery powder
3100:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:Lemon verbena
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2751:
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2361:4-13-061000-7
2357:
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2336:9781462903986
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2110:
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2088:
2082:
2079:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
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2038:
2032:
2029:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1954:
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1946:
1940:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1908:
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1864:
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1756:
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1731:
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1693:
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1541:
1532:
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1528:
1524:
1517:
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1501:
1497:
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1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
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1454:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1389:Rhus coriaria
1385:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:Central Asian
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1261:Rhus coriaria
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:pink lemonade
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1190:
1185:Iranian sumac
1181:
1176:
1173:, Washington
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:Ancient Greek
1100:derives from
1099:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1044:Middle Eocene
1038:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:
998:Rhus malloryi
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:
977:
974:
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:
956:
954:– sugar sumac
953:
952:
948:
945:
944:
940:
937:
936:
932:
929:
928:
924:
921:
920:
919:Rhus kearneyi
916:
913:
912:
908:
905:
904:
900:
897:
896:
892:
889:
888:
884:
883:
882:
881:
880:North America
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
852:
848:
845:
841:
836:
832:
831:
827:
826:
825:
824:
817:
816:
815:Rhus coriaria
812:
808:
804:
803:
799:
798:
797:
796:
789:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
758:
754:
753:
748:
747:
742:
739:
735:
734:
733:Toxicodendron
729:
728:
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
710:
705:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:
681:sensu stricto
678:
674:
673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
657:Anacardiaceae
654:
650:
646:
642:
634:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
588:are in dense
587:
583:
579:
575:
574:Anacardiaceae
571:
567:
564:
556:
554:
552:
548:
544:
543:Anacardiaceae
540:
539:
535:
531:
525:
507:
501:
500:
491:
452:
448:
435:
431:
428:
425:
421:
418:
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411:
408:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
387:
384:
381:
377:
374:
371:
367:
364:
361:
357:
354:
351:
347:
344:
341:
337:
334:
331:
327:
324:
321:
317:
314:
306:
303:
299:
296:
292:
287:
283:
278:
277:
276:Rhus coriaria
272:
269:
265:
261:
256:
255:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:Anacardiaceae
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:Tracheophytes
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
150:
145:
141:
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
51:
48:
44:
43:Sumak, Pertek
37:
33:
19:
18:Sumac (spice)
3893:
3722:Powder-douce
3712:Panch phoron
3682:Lemon pepper
3618:Garam masala
3608:Fines herbes
3588:Curry powder
3568:Chaat masala
3454:
3447:
3426:Sarsaparilla
3386:Onion powder
3334:Mango-ginger
3200:
3193:
3127:Chili powder
2912:
2902:Lemon myrtle
2859:
2855:
2810:
2809:Vietnamese (
2759:
2723:
2641:
2630:the original
2621:
2612:
2608:
2584:
2578:
2574:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2522:. Retrieved
2511:
2497:
2478:
2468:
2452:
2436:
2411:
2408:RSC Advances
2407:
2397:
2377:
2370:
2351:
2345:
2325:
2318:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2282:
2276:
2265:
2257:
2243:
2229:
2215:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2172:Aliza Green
2168:
2159:
2145:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2121:
2095:. Retrieved
2093:. 2009-02-20
2090:
2081:
2070:. Retrieved
2068:. 2017-11-03
2065:
2056:
2045:. Retrieved
2043:. 2017-12-12
2040:
2031:
2020:. Retrieved
2018:. 2015-06-18
2015:
2006:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1953:the original
1948:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1868:20 September
1866:. Retrieved
1854:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:
1820:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1774:
1765:
1758:
1747:. Retrieved
1742:
1737:
1730:
1719:. Retrieved
1714:
1709:
1702:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1628:poison sumac
1621:
1617:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1552:hypertension
1536:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1479:
1475:R. chinensis
1473:
1469:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1425:
1421:R. trilobata
1419:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1331:
1305:
1291:
1281:
1278:Arab cuisine
1259:
1254:The fruits (
1253:
1242:
1223:
1217:
1210:
1206:R. aromatica
1204:
1202:
1160:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1085:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1036:Rhus rooseae
1034:
1030:, Washington
1018:
1014:, Washington
996:
978:
972:Rhus typhina
970:
957:
949:
941:
933:
925:
917:
909:
901:
893:
885:
879:
878:
849:
839:
828:
822:
821:
813:
800:
794:
793:
783:
779:
775:
771:
764:monophyletic
759:
756:
750:
746:Actinocheita
744:
740:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
697:
689:
685:
679:
676:
670:
667:
661:
652:
640:
638:
602:
580:are usually
560:
537:
536:
450:
446:
445:
429:
419:
409:
399:
385:
375:
365:
356:Neostyphonia
355:
345:
335:
325:
315:
294:
274:
268:Type species
253:
252:
206:
193:
180:
167:
47:
4289:Arab spices
4083:iNaturalist
3918:Wikispecies
3821:Bangladeshi
3752:Sharena sol
3747:Recado rojo
3732:Qâlat daqqa
3692:Mixed spice
3628:Garlic salt
3593:Doubanjiang
3329:Long pepper
3289:Horseradish
3107:Celery seed
2980:Sanshō leaf
2897:Lemon grass
1636:Rhus vernix
1585:radiation.
1583:ultraviolet
1470:R. coriaria
1453:R. coriaria
1362:Palestinian
1342:Azerbaijani
1199:Sumac spice
980:Rhus virens
903:Rhus glabra
859:(Northeast
645:de Candolle
561:Sumacs are
557:Description
547:subtropical
346:Melanococca
320:F.A.Barkley
310:12 Synonyms
239:Subfamily:
187:Angiosperms
4314:Sour foods
4278:Categories
4101:30005665-2
3859:Marination
3854:Herbal tea
3816:Australian
3812:By region
3787:Yuzu koshō
3777:Thuna paha
3717:Persillade
3470:Tonka bean
3406:Poppy seed
3314:Dried lime
3237:Fingerroot
3152:New Mexico
3060:Asafoetida
2892:Lemon balm
2850:Hoja santa
2830:Curry leaf
2136:2023-02-08
2131:The Spruce
2097:2020-09-28
2072:2020-09-28
2047:2020-09-28
2022:2020-09-28
1835:2023-02-08
1811:2023-02-08
1749:2010-02-09
1721:2010-02-09
1694:References
1614:poison oak
1599:poison ivy
1597:, such as
1579:fluoresces
1562:Other uses
1462:pyrogallol
1427:R. typhina
1249:malic acid
1224:R. typhina
1040:Manchester
951:Rhus ovata
869:Micronesia
672:sensu lato
568:and small
386:Schmaltzia
366:Pocophorum
223:Sapindales
3869:Spice rub
3864:Seasoning
3831:Pakistani
3662:Idli podi
3633:Gochujang
3583:Crab boil
3500:Yuzu zest
3431:Sassafras
3319:Liquorice
3225:Fenugreek
3162:Cultivars
2304:(4): 24.
2207:773412426
1990:. BRILL.
1895:Pell 2004
1786:11 August
1646:species.
1505:Sumac-dye
1500:Ibn Badis
1415:R. glabra
1407:sumāqiyya
1383:lahmajoun
1358:Jordanian
1233:cultivars
1218:R. glabra
1055:The word
1051:Etymology
861:Australia
784:Styphonia
664:subgenera
617:droppings
563:dioecious
551:temperate
400:Styphonia
376:Rhoeidium
157:Kingdom:
4245:VASCAN:
4228:40025260
4223:Tropicos
3955:BioLib:
3903:Wikidata
3808:Culinary
3782:Vadouvan
3757:Shichimi
3655:Húng lìu
3475:Turmeric
3460:Tamarind
3309:Korarima
3242:Galangal
3210:Deulkkae
3169:Cinnamon
3147:Jalapeño
3137:Chipotle
3085:Cardamom
3038:Allspice
3005:Woodruff
2995:Tarragon
2960:Rosemary
2925:Marjoram
2887:Lavender
2882:Kkaennip
2820:Culantro
2804:Bolivian
2753:Bay leaf
2725:Angelica
2601:85287571
2524:July 27,
1743:TROPICOS
1640:urushiol
1460:(mostly
1366:Lebanese
1338:Armenian
1316:Armenian
1307:musakhan
1229:ornament
1167:Ypresian
1081:), from
1046:, Oregon
1028:Ypresian
1012:Ypresian
840:neneleau
776:Lobadium
772:Lobadium
762:appears
721:Metopium
698:Lobadium
635:Taxonomy
625:rhizomes
590:panicles
430:Turpinia
336:Lobadium
326:Festania
302:Synonyms
289:Species
229:Family:
200:Eudicots
4238:5874067
4114:1022537
4062:3190534
3909:Q157649
3792:Za'atar
3687:Mitmita
3638:Harissa
3553:Berbere
3543:Baharat
3510:Zereshk
3505:Zedoary
3485:Vanilla
3448:huājiāo
3421:Saffron
3411:Radhuni
3391:Paprika
3376:Njangsa
3371:Nigella
3349:Mustard
3247:greater
3157:Tabasco
3132:Cayenne
3112:Charoli
3080:Caraway
3075:Camphor
3043:Amchoor
2955:Perilla
2950:Parsley
2945:Oregano
2940:Mitsuba
2935:Mugwort
2860:giấp cá
2840:Epazote
2811:rau răm
2777:Chervil
2416:Bibcode
1929:26 June
1920:"sumac"
1656:rhizome
1634:, syn.
1626:), and
1620:, syn.
1568:smokers
1516:kōrozen
1486:Leather
1466:tanning
1444:tannins
1432:tobacco
1401:During
1395:za'atar
1374:Kurdish
1370:Turkish
1328:Mizrahi
1324:Iranian
1298:falafel
1239:In food
1088:summāqa
865:Malesia
752:Baronia
727:Searsia
715:Malosma
709:Duckera
703:Cotinus
586:flowers
532:in the
420:Thezera
410:Sumacus
316:Duckera
249:Genus:
219:Order:
161:Plantae
4319:Spices
4235:uBio:
4197:PLANTS
4176:350866
4160:NZOR:
4049:128455
4023:128455
3971:121436
3935:194411
3932:APDB:
3826:Indian
3643:Hawaij
3598:Douchi
3573:Chaunk
3538:Advieh
3533:Adjika
3525:Blends
3495:Wasabi
3436:Sesame
3381:Nutmeg
3344:Mahleb
3339:Mastic
3274:Golpar
3264:Ginger
3259:Garlic
3252:lesser
3220:Fennel
3117:Chenpi
3097:Cassia
3028:Ajwain
3023:Aonori
3015:Spices
2990:Sorrel
2975:Savory
2920:Lovage
2867:Hyssop
2794:Cicely
2782:Chives
2772:Borage
2760:tejpat
2648:
2599:
2485:
2460:
2444:
2385:
2358:
2333:
2205:
2195:
1994:
1971:lsj.gr
1682:, and
1680:soumak
1544:drupes
1540:Rhodes
1458:tannin
1350:Syrian
1312:Afghan
1302:Levant
1288:hummus
1274:lemony
1258:) of
1256:drupes
1104:ῥοῦς (
1083:Syriac
1071:summāq
1065:sumach
1005:&
989:A.Gray
985:Lindh.
856:Guill.
844:Hawaii
835:A.Gray
782:. and
696:) and
621:shoots
609:spread
598:drupes
594:fruits
578:leaves
566:shrubs
497:S(H)OO
451:sumach
380:Greene
360:Shafer
213:Rosids
4189:54685
4127:28772
4109:IRMNG
4088:54765
4075:10433
4031:FoAO2
4010:1RHUG
3997:37840
3984:63QFF
3948:69394
3801:Lists
3767:Tajin
3762:Tabil
3603:Duqqa
3563:Buknu
3480:Uzazi
3455:Sumac
3441:Shiso
3364:white
3359:brown
3354:black
3304:Kokum
3189:Cumin
3184:Cubeb
3174:Clove
3122:Chili
3090:black
3048:Anise
3000:Thyme
2985:Shiso
2872:Jimbu
2825:Cress
2767:Boldo
2746:Lemon
2731:Basil
2716:Herbs
2633:(PDF)
2626:(PDF)
2597:S2CID
1684:sumaq
1676:sumak
1652:Goats
1378:kebab
1354:Iraqi
1336:. In
1333:kebab
1320:Iraqi
1310:. In
1293:tashi
1266:spice
1106:rhous
1094:ܣܘܡܩܐ
1061:sumac
1057:sumac
1003:Wolfe
964:Nutt.
807:Mill.
623:from
613:birds
570:trees
534:genus
508:also
447:Sumac
404:Nutt.
390:Desv.
370:Neck.
350:Blume
207:Clade
194:Clade
181:Clade
168:Clade
53:Sumac
4284:Rhus
4248:1621
4210:POWO
4202:RHUS
4153:4012
4148:NCBI
4122:ITIS
4096:IPNI
4070:GRIN
4057:GBIF
4036:Rhus
4005:EPPO
3966:BOLD
3958:3622
3943:APNI
3924:Rhus
3894:Rhus
3515:Zest
3416:Rose
3230:blue
3053:star
2970:Sage
2930:Mint
2845:Hemp
2835:Dill
2741:Thai
2736:Holy
2673:Rhus
2646:ISBN
2575:Rhus
2548:Rhus
2526:2024
2483:ISBN
2458:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2383:ISBN
2356:ISBN
2331:ISBN
2203:OCLC
2193:ISBN
2177:..."
1992:ISBN
1931:2020
1870:2023
1788:2024
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