592:
404:
719:
459:
1463:
751:
2374:
1230:
1219:
1537:
73:
817:
1324:) is chosen, who yields a real political power. Thus West Sumba is more ethnically and linguistically diverse. Both systems exist simultaneously with a 3-tier class system (aristocracy, common people and slaves) assimilated in such a way that - paradoxically - it does not impair the egalitarian functioning of the Western segmentary societies.
591:
608:
remains found on Sumba Island include dolmen tombs, upright stones, megalithic statues, stone enclosures, and levelled terraces. The Sumba megalithic tradition itself was characterized by the old megaliths built and carved with high quality standards. Some ancient tools are also found on the island. Notable findings are quadrangular
1739:
938:(East Sumba), which together accounted for 14.7% of the provincial population in 2023. The regencies are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The provincial capital is not on Sumba Island, but in
1439:
Access to water is one of the major challenges in Sumba. During the dry season, many streams dry out and villagers depend on wells for scarce supplies of water. Villagers have to travel several kilometres several times a day to fetch water. It is mainly the women and children who are sent for water,
1330:
As of 2021, Sumba is the last place on Earth where societies have remained close to the traditions of South-East Asian hill tribes and still build megalithic monuments such as dolmens for collective burials: more 100 megalithic tombs are still built each year on the island. But this too reflects the
1444:
has been active in raising sponsorship to drill wells in villages and attempting to reduce poverty on the island. As of
February 2013, the Sumba Foundation was responsible for 48 wells and 191 water stations, supplying 15 schools with water and sanitation, and reducing malaria rates by some 85%.
607:
were found on the central regions of the island (Central Sumba) which go back to thousands of years ago. These stone-based burial traditions are still kept alive by the Sumba people and have become a 'living ancient tradition' that still can be observed by scholars in modern days. The megalithic
1381:
can be found along the coastal areas. The younger generations seem to reject Marapu. This may be at least in part because the only functioning schools are
Catholic and embracing that religion is required to attend school. Whatever the cause, the difference is significant compared to some other
879:) is under increasing threat of extinction. Indiscriminate deforestation is threatening their survival. The population is estimated at less than 4,000 with an average density of six individuals per square kilometre. A hornbill can fly to and from over an area of up to 100 square kilometres.
1453:
Electricity mainly comes from diesel generators. New projects include 3 MW Bayu wind power plant (PLTB) in
Kadumbul, East Sumba by PT Hywind. Another is the Bodo Hula Biomass Power Plant (PLTBm), West Sumba. 1 MW capacity. Other existing renewable electricity projects involve solar PV and
769:
The landscape is low, limestone hills, rather than the steep volcanoes of many
Indonesian islands. There is a dry season from May to November and a rainy season from December to April. The western side of the island is more fertile and more heavily populated than the east.
1326:
Villages almost always include members of several clans, because at each generation many of the youngest ones settle in villages other than the one they originated from - which may belong to an allied clan and not their own original clan and lineage.
1406:
is labor-intensive and one piece can take months to prepare. Ikat from West Sumba is notably different to that produced in the East: its only designs are geometric motifs and it usually includes a part that imitates a reticulated python skin.
718:
1757:
Handini, Retno; Noerwidi, Sofwan; Sofian, Harry
Octavianus; Fauzi, Ruly; Prasetyo, Unggul; Geria, I Made; Ririmasse, Marlon; Nasution, Devi Ayu Aurora; Rahayuni, Restu Ambar; Simanjuntak, Truman (July–August 2023).
1331:
East / West difference: the
Western segmentary societies built many more dolmens than the Eastern stratified societies; and dolmens in the east are larger, more richly ornated and are reserved to the royal clan.
367:. The population was 686,113 at the 2010 Census and 779,049 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 820,506 (comprising 420,291 males and 400,215 females). To the northwest of Sumba is
1497:
Watu
Mandorak Cove, a white sandy beach with cliffs 42 kilometers south-west of Tambolaka (two-hour drive in the dry season ; in the rainy season, the journey takes longer and is not recommended).
403:
1316:
The west part of Sumba is inhabited by segmentary societies made of clans and of politically autonomous villages, while Sumba North and East are occupied by stratified societies (based on
458:
2627:
895:, and other crops so only small isolated patches remain. Furthermore, this clearance is ongoing due to the growing population of the island and this represents a threat to the birds.
695:, the native Sumba came into contact with the Europeans (Portuguese) who arrived on the island by ships to exploit the natural resources of the island. Later, it also attracted the
478: (in Sumbanese languages), which means “our native land” or “the motherland of Sumba people”; these sentences appeared in ancient Sumbanese manuscripts that told the tale of
2308:"System Impact Study of the Eastern Grid of Sumba Island, Indonesia. Steady-State and Dynamic System Modeling for the Integration of One and Two 850-kW Wind Turbine Generators"
2036:[Ethnoarchaeology of funeral practices: aspects of the management of current dolmens and collective tombs in the tribal societies of Sumba Island (Indonesia)].
777:
southern hemisphere supercontinent, recent research suggests that the island might have detached from the South East Asia margin. Most of it was originally covered in
922:(local government regions), following re-organisation on 2 January 2007 when two new regencies were created from parts of West Sumba Regency. The four regencies are
918:
Province, and there is no single administrative body at the island level. The island and the very small offshore islands administered with it are split into four
2530:
1507:(Sumba Barat). This organization is dedicated to providing vocational education in hospitality to underprivileged students hailing from all across Sumba.
1494:
Tarimbang Bay, 87 kilometres south-west of
Waingapu (three-hour drive), is a surfers paradise with 2- to 3-meter tall waves between June and September.
557:
which connected both islands, civilization was thought to arise from around those regions (which nowadays correspond to northern Sumba and to part of
2617:
663:); the word itself was thought as the closest substitution in Javanese for the native name of the island according to native Sumba people, which is
455:
or 'original people'), to differentiate themselves from foreigners (non-Sumbanese people) who gradually and continuously came to occupy the island.
1987:
738:
of the natives of Sumba Island was started in 1886 by the Dutch under the Douwe
Wielenga Jesuits missionary program in the district of Laura in
2642:
2501:
2107:
2073:
1899:
1860:
1716:
1668:
2637:
1790:"The occurrence of enamel hypoplasia, porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia in three prehistoric skeletal assemblages from Indonesia"
553:(in Sumba languages), an ancient stone bridge built by the native of Sumba and Flores. Due to the high level of socialization around the
104:
482:(a mermaid-like creature who used to live on land but then moved to the ocean), considered as a sacred figure in Sumbanese mythology.
899:
2465:
788:. The northern part of the island is extremely arid; the soils have been depleted from deforestation and erosion. Sumba is in the
2602:
2597:
903:
1947:
427:(in various Subanese dialects), which means “original”, “native”, “indigenous” or “no interference”; this was initially an
1643:
2607:
561:
regency territory). This story belongs to the Sumba oral traditions as was written down by Umbu Pura Woha (2007) in his book
470:
On the other hand, the
Sumbanese cultural territory (including Sumba Island and its surrounding seas) are also known as
707:
was the main commodity exported to Europe from this island, thus the Sumba Island back then colloquially also known as the
2622:
2612:
1555:
1519:
has been ranked as one of the world's five best eco-hotels and was awarded the world's best hotel of 2016 and 2017 from
828:
species and a number of others are found only here and on some nearby islands. The endemic birds include the endangered
348:
359:
provincial territory. Sumba has an area of 11,243.78 square kilometres (4,341.25 square miles), about the same size as
1222:
824:
There are a number of mammals, but the island is particularly rich in bird-life with nearly 200 birds, of which seven
2034:"Aspects de la gestion des dolmens et des tombes collectives actuels dans les sociétés de l'île de Sumba (Indonésie)"
2184:
619:
One significant archaeological discovery was that of the urn burial site in Melolo in the 1920s, dated around 2,870
538:
According to Sumbanese historians, Sumba Island was once connected to the neighbouring islands to the north, namely
2306:
Oswal, R.; Jain, P.; Muljadi, E.; Hirsch, B.; Castermans, B.; Chandra, J.; Raharjo; Hardison, R. (January 2016).
1818:
1335:, a Kodi village in the west of Sumba, has some 1,400 dolmens - one of the highest concentrations on the island.
683:
to the eastern regions of Java and its neighbouring islands (which in these case, most probably Kangean Island).
857:
696:
2564:
651:" itself was first officially used during the Majapahit era (mentioned in the ancient Javanese manuscripts of
635:
in eastern Java gained more power over the maritime Southeast Asian territory after the kingdom defeated the
1131:
1002:
927:
636:
154:
2258:
679:
route, it was examined through the analysis on the DNA of chicken species on Sumba that are naturally only
1759:
1351:
196:
2546:
1374:
1092:
931:
264:
898:
In 1998 two national parks were designated on the island for the protection of endangered species: the
2350:
2013:
1441:
175:
2209:
1991:
1343:
841:
352:
139:
31:
1691:
1462:
919:
861:
801:
750:
320:
288:
284:
2313:(Technical Report NREL/TP-5D00-65458). US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). p. 1.
1504:
1485:
1241:
1053:
1014:
935:
923:
915:
849:
739:
558:
407:
Native women of Sumba wearing the traditional Sumba clothing in Kanangar district of East Sumba,
356:
201:
754:
August 2003 NASA satellite photograph of the Lesser Sunda Islands; Sumba is in the bottom centre
1521:
784:
forest while the south-facing slopes, which remain moist during the dry season, were evergreen
2632:
2497:
2103:
2097:
2069:
1895:
1889:
1856:
1850:
1712:
1706:
1664:
1658:
1393:
837:
731:
510:
268:
2063:
1428:
1355:
853:
735:
722:
The governmental seal of Dutch colonization at Watuhadang of Umalulu district in East Sumba.
466:, typical cultural woven cloth of native Sumba men depicts the Sumba mythological creatures.
276:
260:
256:
431: referring to the native inhabitants of this island who identified themselves as
763:
676:
604:
522:
498:
416:
364:
344:
272:
252:
61:
766:, with a population of 71,752 (including the adjoining district of Kambera) in mid 2023.
2592:
2440:
2416:
1788:
Koesbardiati, Toetik; Murti, Delta Bayu; Herina, Dessytri Ayu; Sari, Ayu Ambar (2018).
1550:
1542:
1267:
1229:
1218:
868:
845:
829:
700:
543:
312:
30:
This article is about the Indonesian island. For the village in the Faroe Islands, see
2032:
Jeunesse, Christian; Bec-Drelon, Noisette; Boulestin, Bruno; Denaire, Anthony (2021).
1657:
Richter, Anne; Carpenter, Bruce W.; Carpenter, Bruce; Sundermann, Jorg (16 May 2012).
2586:
2524:
1257:
833:
600:
280:
2167:
2165:
2152:
2150:
1762:[Nouvelles preuves de l’occupation humaine précoce dans les îles de Sumba].
1646:[Wunga Settlement, The Birthplace of Sumba Community] (in Indonesian). 2014.
1366:
1339:
800:
origin. Due to its distinctive flora and fauna, Sumba has been categorised by the
490:
388:
372:
300:
1969:
1378:
797:
616:
area (a cultural region of Anakalang Sumba, a subethnic group of Sumba people).
2324:
2307:
1821:[(Connecting the Dots) Between Majapahit, Sumba, and the Red Rooster].
1427:, although the illness is almost eradicated in the western part of the island.
599:
The ruins of the historical civilization of the Sumba people dates back to the
72:
2233:
1532:
1516:
1386:, where the locals have a Christian first name and a traditional second name.
1354:, some of these including several dialects. The largest language group is the
1320:) made of clan confederations and led by a dominant clan from which a “king” (
1075:
943:
785:
730:, the island of Sumba was later transferred to and dominated by the following
704:
660:
632:
620:
119:
106:
1536:
1370:
1347:
1153:
805:
778:
644:
613:
392:
92:
2033:
816:
671:. The Javanese people was predicted to arrived on the Sumba Island via the
2392:
1491:
Puru Kambera Beach, 30 kilometres north-west of Waingapu (one-hour drive)
1481:
1332:
1307:
1297:
1237:
1233:
1114:
1036:
825:
789:
774:
759:
428:
380:
355:
group) located in the Eastern Indonesia and administratively part of the
211:
17:
1988:"[New Method] Human Development Index by Regency/City 2020-2022"
1358:, spoken by a quarter of a million people in the eastern half of Sumba.
214: (pop. 71,752 - comprising Kota Waingapu and Kambera Districts)
1500:
Walakiri Beach, 24 km east of Waingapu, for its famed "dancing trees".
1488:(the itinerary to the waterfall goes through Purukambera on the coast).
1424:
1383:
892:
781:
680:
368:
360:
38:
1361:
Twenty-five to thirty percent of the population practices the animist
1891:
Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A Conservation Assessment
1708:
Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift
1362:
1287:
939:
672:
640:
539:
376:
2517:
1922:
1789:
647:. Sumba Island was a subject of Majapahit's dominion, and the word "
2282:
2171:
2156:
2141:
2129:
1461:
1317:
1277:
1228:
1217:
888:
815:
749:
590:
402:
384:
887:
Most of the original forest has been cleared for the planting of
1398:
793:
727:
692:
609:
502:
2492:
Paccou-Martellière, Véronique; Hinterseer, Thomas H. (2016).
1760:"New evidence on the early human occupation in Sumba Islands"
1574:
The Kodi are one of the 24 ethnic groups that inhabit Sumba.
2523:
1626:
1624:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1423:
A relatively high percentage of the population suffers from
2351:"7 Tips For Visiting Tanggedu Waterfall In Sumba Indonesia"
1694:[Tarung Settlement of Sumba] (in Indonesian). 2018.
1614:
1612:
1350:
ancestry. Sumba is home to 24 ethnic groups who speak nine
1839:, London, George Philip and Son map 'East Indies' pp.91-92
494:
486:
27:
Indonesian island in the Lesser Sunda Islands archipelago
1525:
for its native ambiance and authentic local experience.
773:
Although generally thought to be originally part of the
1948:"Sumba Hornbills under increasing threat of extinction"
2565:"High-resolution map of West Sumba with contour lines"
2518:
Sumba tourist and social information (private website)
2325:"100% Renewable energy Atlas: Sumba Island, Indonesia"
1852:
State of Authority: The State in Society in Indonesia
1883:
1881:
1879:
758:The largest town on the island is the main port of
295:
247:
239:
231:
223:
218:
207:
195:
181:
171:
163:
153:
145:
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98:
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83:
49:
1602:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024,
792:region, having a mixture of plants and animals of
1644:"Kampung Wunga, Tanah Kelahiran Masyarakat Sumba"
1415:Sumba is one of the poorer islands of Indonesia.
564:Sejarah, Musyawarah dan Adat Istiadat Sumba Timur
415:The name "Sumba" is derived from the native
2466:"Indonesia home to 'world's best hotel' of 2016"
1819:"Antara Majapahit, Sumba, dan Ayam Jantan Merah"
562:
1503:The Sumba Hospitality Foundation is located in
578:History, Deliberation and Customs of East Sumba
2628:Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
1604:Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Dalam Angka 2024
595:One of the monolith structures in West Sumba.
8:
1660:Gold Jewellery of the Indonesian Archipelago
848:— as well as three more common species: the
639:; since then, this kingdom evolved into the
149:11,243.78 km (4,341.25 sq mi)
44:
568:
440:
2417:""Dancing trees" of Walakiri Beach, photo"
2068:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 41.
948:
832:, four vulnerable species — the secretive
71:
43:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2185:"Marapu and other weird things in Sumba"
1396:, particularly very detailed hand-woven
717:
631:Around the 12th century, the kingdom of
457:
1711:. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. p. 288.
1663:. Editions Didier Millet. p. 119.
1586:
1567:
549:Flores and Sumba were connected by the
387:, and to the south, across part of the
525:), meaning "to wash" or "to cleanse".
1630:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
7:
1638:
1636:
1618:Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
1402:. The process of dyeing and weaving
509: sounds so similar to the
497:' due to the mass migration of
734:colonization power. The well-known
2375:"Tarimbang to Waingapu, itinerary"
2208:Sertori, Trisha (30 August 2012).
2102:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 170.
2099:East of Bali: From Lombok to Timor
1855:. SEAP Publications. p. 123.
1373:with a substantial minority being
864:can still be found in some areas.
25:
2571:(made by the US Army Map service)
2234:"Ikat from West Sumba, Indonesia"
900:Laiwangi Wanggameti National Park
2349:Annabel Symonds (9 March 2017).
2257:Hoepfner, Maren (4 March 2010).
2065:Culture and Customs of Indonesia
1835:Goodall, George (editor) (1943)
1823:Indonesian Institute of Sciences
1535:
1411:Development and living standards
904:Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park
291:(national language of Indonesia)
2618:Landforms of East Nusa Tenggara
2547:"Tourist and Road Map of Sumba"
2464:Intan Tanjung (July 12, 2016).
1888:Wikramanayake, Eric D. (2002).
1480:), 50 kilometres north-west of
1440:while the men are at work. The
804:as the Sumba deciduous forests
699:to come in the region in circa
371:, to the northeast, across the
2445:sumbahospitalityfoundation.org
2441:"Sumba Hospitality Foundation"
1849:Barker, Joshua (1 July 2009).
1466:Tanggedu Waterfall, East Sumba
746:Geography, climate and ecology
501: from the island of
1:
2643:Populated places in Indonesia
2038:Préhistoires méditerranéennes
1894:. Island Press. p. 532.
489:' in later time (around
408:
2494:Arts and traditions of Sumba
1837:Philips' International Atlas
1705:Simanjuntak, Truman (2006).
1556:List of islands of Indonesia
1365:religion. The remainder are
1223:Traditional Sumbanese houses
243:72.97/km (188.99/sq mi)
2638:Islands of the Indian Ocean
1382:traditional places such as
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
235:820,506 (mid 2023 estimate)
167:1,225 m (4019 ft)
2659:
2259:"Taking Sumba by surprise"
1484:, the capital city of the
1225:near Bondokodi, West Sumba
587:Ancient civilization ruins
379:, to the east, across the
327:), natively also spelt as
36:
29:
2496:. Paris: Le Livre D Art.
1970:"Sumba deciduous forests"
1369:, a majority being Dutch
1250:Religion in Sumba (2023)
186:
79:
70:
1794:Bull Int Assoc Paleodont
1606:(Katalog-BPS 1102001.53)
1454:micro-hydroelectricity.
883:Threats and preservation
858:apricot-breasted sunbird
726:As the time goes by, in
505:, because the word
353:Lesser Sunda Archipelago
37:Not to be confused with
2603:Ecoregions of Indonesia
2598:Australasian ecoregions
2531:Encyclopædia Britannica
2210:"Sumba on show in Bali"
2014:"Religion in Indonesia"
1132:Southwest Sumba Regency
523:Javanese writing system
316:
2534:(11th ed.). 1911.
2283:"The Sumba Foundation"
2062:Forshee, Jill (2006).
2044:(2): 165-179 (see § 6)
1976:. World Wildlife Fund.
1974:Terrestrial Ecoregions
1825:(in Indonesian). 2016.
1692:"Kampung Tarung Sumba"
1467:
1352:Austronesian languages
1244:
1226:
821:
762:near the mouth of the
755:
723:
687:European colonizations
596:
563:
467:
412:
324:
164:Highest elevation
2608:Ecoregions of Malesia
1465:
1232:
1221:
1093:Central Sumba Regency
914:Sumba is part of the
830:Sumba eclectus parrot
819:
753:
721:
594:
513:word of ꦲꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ (
461:
406:
251:Predominantly native
2623:Lesser Sunda Islands
2613:Islands of Indonesia
2355:londonerinsydney.com
2172:Jeunesse et al. 2021
2157:Jeunesse et al. 2021
2142:Jeunesse et al. 2021
2130:Jeunesse et al. 2021
2096:Müller, Kal (1997).
1992:Statistics Indonesia
1927:sumba-information.eu
1476:Tanggedu Waterfall (
1389:Sumba is famous for
1377:. A small number of
934:(Central Sumba) and
862:Saltwater crocodiles
842:red-naped fruit-dove
140:Lesser Sunda Islands
32:Sumba, Faroe Islands
2569:maps.lib.utexas.edu
2397:komodotouristic.com
2287:sumbafoundation.org
1478:Air Terjun Tanggedu
930:(Southwest Sumba),
877:Rhyticeros everetti
802:World Wildlife Fund
703:era. Historically,
116: /
46:
2470:thejakartapost.com
2189:whatsnextnaomi.com
1486:East Sumba Regency
1468:
1342:have a mixture of
1290:and others (3.15%)
1245:
1242:East Sumba Regency
1227:
1135:(Sumba Barat Daya)
1054:West Sumba Regency
1015:East Sumba Regency
916:East Nusa Tenggara
850:Sumba green pigeon
822:
820:A village in Sumba
756:
724:
605:megalithic burials
597:
468:
413:
375:(Selat Sumba), is
357:East Nusa Tenggara
227:Sumbans; Sumbanese
208:Largest settlement
202:East Nusa Tenggara
172:Highest point
2503:978-2-355-32241-9
2109:978-962-593-178-4
2075:978-0-313-33339-2
1990:(in Indonesian).
1901:978-1-55963-923-1
1862:978-0-87727-780-4
1718:978-979-26-2499-1
1670:978-981-4260-38-1
1471:Areas of interest
1211:
1210:
968:when established)
838:Sumba buttonquail
732:Dutch East Indies
709:Sandalwood Island
612:unearthed in the
517:, but written as
349:Indonesian island
306:
305:
120:9.667°S 120.000°E
16:(Redirected from
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2421:vikaschander.com
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2263:The Jakarta Post
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2214:The Jakarta Post
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2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2029:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1885:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1631:
1628:
1619:
1616:
1607:
1600:
1575:
1572:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1522:Travel + Leisure
1442:Sumba Foundation
1429:Infant mortality
1356:Kambera language
1305:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1161:
1122:
1083:
1044:
966:(including year
949:
928:Sumba Barat Daya
854:Sumba flycatcher
736:Christianization
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
566:
555:Kataka Lindiwatu
551:Kataka Lindiwatu
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
410:
176:Mount Wanggameti
131:
130:
128:
127:
126:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
109:
75:
47:
21:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2572:
2563:
2555:
2553:
2551:files.creatr.de
2545:
2542:
2522:
2514:
2504:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2401:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2379:google.com/maps
2373:
2372:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2329:100-percent.org
2323:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2193:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2031:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1887:
1886:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1764:L'Anthropologie
1756:
1755:
1751:
1744:google.com/maps
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1514:
1473:
1460:
1451:
1437:
1421:
1413:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1253:
1216:
1159:
1134:
1120:
1095:
1081:
1056:
1042:
1017:
1005:
995:
993:
988:
986:
981:
979:
974:
972:
967:
965:
960:
958:
953:
912:
885:
814:
764:Kambaniru River
748:
689:
629:
589:
580:
577:
574:
571:
536:
534:Oral traditions
531:
499:Javanese people
493:) replaced by '
452:
449:
446:
443:
401:
365:Hawaii (Island)
345:Sumba languages
253:Sumba languages
191:
125:-9.667; 120.000
124:
122:
118:
115:
110:
107:
105:
103:
102:
66:
65:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2561:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2520:
2513:
2512:External links
2510:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2456:
2432:
2408:
2384:
2366:
2341:
2316:
2298:
2274:
2249:
2225:
2200:
2176:
2161:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2108:
2088:
2074:
2054:
2019:
2005:
1979:
1961:
1939:
1914:
1900:
1875:
1861:
1841:
1828:
1810:
1780:
1749:
1731:
1717:
1697:
1683:
1669:
1649:
1632:
1620:
1608:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:Soemba Mission
1547:
1546:
1543:Islands portal
1530:
1527:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1472:
1469:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1436:
1433:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1375:Roman Catholic
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1268:Roman Catholic
1262:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:(Sumba Tengah)
1090:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1006:2022 estimate
1000:
997:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
926:(West Sumba),
911:
910:Administration
908:
884:
881:
869:Sumba hornbill
846:Sumba hornbill
813:
810:
747:
744:
715:(in English).
688:
685:
628:
627:Javanese power
625:
588:
585:
535:
532:
530:
527:
476:tana wae hubba
474: or
472:tana wai humba
435: or
423: or
400:
397:
304:
303:
299:Predominantly
297:
293:
292:
249:
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
216:
215:
209:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
187:
184:
183:
182:Administration
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
157:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
68:
67:
52:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2525:"Sumba"
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2250:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2092:
2089:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2006:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1950:. Antara News
1949:
1943:
1940:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1903:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1740:"Melolo, map"
1735:
1732:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1672:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1379:Sunni Muslims
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1258:Protestantism
1251:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1059:
1057:(Sumba Barat)
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1020:
1018:(Sumba Timur)
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1001:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
951:
950:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
909:
907:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
882:
880:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Sumba boobook
831:
827:
818:
811:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
776:
771:
767:
765:
761:
752:
745:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
720:
716:
714:
713:Sandel Island
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:Sumpah Palapa
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
626:
624:
622:
617:
615:
611:
606:
602:
593:
586:
584:
565:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
533:
528:
526:
524:
521:according to
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
465:
460:
456:
450:native people
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
405:
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
351:(part of the
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:Soemba-eiland
314:
310:
302:
298:
296:Ethnic groups
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
210:
206:
203:
200:
198:
194:
190:
185:
180:
177:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
129:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
82:
78:
74:
69:
63:
59:
55:
51:Native name:
48:
40:
33:
19:
2573:. Retrieved
2568:
2554:. Retrieved
2550:
2529:
2493:
2486:Bibliography
2473:. Retrieved
2469:
2459:
2448:. Retrieved
2444:
2435:
2424:. Retrieved
2420:
2411:
2400:. Retrieved
2396:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2358:. Retrieved
2354:
2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2328:
2319:
2301:
2290:. Retrieved
2286:
2277:
2266:. Retrieved
2262:
2252:
2241:. Retrieved
2237:
2228:
2217:. Retrieved
2213:
2203:
2192:. Retrieved
2188:
2179:
2137:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2098:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2064:
2057:
2046:. Retrieved
2041:
2037:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1982:
1973:
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1926:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1890:
1866:. Retrieved
1851:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1797:
1793:
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1767:
1763:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1707:
1700:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1659:
1652:
1603:
1570:
1520:
1515:
1477:
1452:
1438:
1422:
1414:
1403:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1360:
1344:Austronesian
1337:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1249:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1169:
932:Sumba Tengah
913:
897:
886:
876:
873:Julang Sumba
872:
866:
823:
798:Australasian
772:
768:
757:
725:
712:
708:
690:
668:
664:
656:
652:
648:
630:
618:
598:
554:
550:
548:
537:
518:
514:
506:
491:12th century
485:The letter '
484:
479:
475:
471:
469:
463:
436:
432:
424:
420:
414:
399:Nomenclature
389:Indian Ocean
373:Sumba Strait
340:
336:
332:
328:
308:
307:
240:Pop. density
219:Demographics
188:
57:
53:
1998:13 February
1929:(in French)
1449:Electricity
936:Sumba Timur
924:Sumba Barat
419: word
325:pulau Sumba
136:Archipelago
123: /
99:Coordinates
2587:Categories
2575:2024-06-15
2556:2024-06-15
2475:2024-06-15
2450:2024-06-15
2426:2024-06-23
2402:2024-06-15
2360:2024-06-15
2292:2024-06-15
2268:2024-06-15
2243:2024-06-15
2219:2024-06-15
2194:2024-06-15
2115:2 February
2081:2 February
2048:2024-06-15
1954:2 February
1933:2024-06-15
1907:2 February
1868:2 February
1804:2024-06-15
1800:(2): 33–40
1774:2024-06-15
1724:2 February
1676:2 February
1582:References
1517:NIHI Sumba
1505:West Sumba
1348:Melanesian
1236:church in
1138:UU 16/2007
1076:Waikabubak
1060:UU 69/1958
1021:UU 69/1958
944:West Timor
786:rainforest
740:West Sumba
705:sandalwood
661:Gajah Mada
633:Singhasari
559:East Sumba
480:Inya Nyale
321:Indonesian
289:Indonesian
232:Population
1431:is high.
1371:Calvinist
1367:Christian
1340:Sumbanese
1180:11,243.78
1154:Tambolaka
1099:UU 3/2007
994:mid 2023
920:regencies
806:ecoregion
779:deciduous
697:Dutch VOC
653:Pararaton
645:Majapahit
643:known as
614:Anakalang
437:tau Hubba
433:tau Humba
417:Sumbanese
393:Australia
265:Anakalang
248:Languages
189:Indonesia
155:Area rank
93:Indonesia
84:Geography
18:Sumbanese
2633:Wallacea
2334:21 April
1529:See also
1482:Waingapu
1394:textiles
1333:Waingapu
1308:Buddhism
1298:Hinduism
1270:(29.82%)
1260:(62.88%)
1238:Waingapu
1234:Catholic
1158:0.6315 (
1141:1,445.32
1119:0.6271 (
1115:Waibakul
1102:2,060.54
1080:0.6443 (
1041:0.6617 (
1037:Waingapu
1024:7,000.50
996:Estimate
964:Statute
790:Wallacea
775:Gondwana
760:Waingapu
659:oath of
511:Javanese
429:ethnonym
381:Savu Sea
347:) is an
269:Wanukaka
212:Waingapu
197:Province
111:120°00′E
89:Location
2393:"Sumba"
2238:ikat.us
1923:"Sumba"
1512:Resorts
1458:Tourism
1425:malaria
1384:Waerebo
1310:(0.00%)
1300:(0.10%)
1280:(4.05%)
1214:Culture
1201:820,506
1194:779,049
1187:686,113
1150:322,073
1147:303,650
1144:284,903
1072:152,414
1069:145,097
1066:110,993
1033:255,498
1030:244,820
1027:227,732
999:Capital
961:Regency
959:City or
957:Name of
954:Wilayah
893:cassava
826:endemic
782:monsoon
681:endemic
677:Kangean
637:Mongols
572:
544:Sumbawa
529:History
444:
369:Sumbawa
361:Jamaica
301:Sumbans
277:Lamboya
261:Momboru
257:Kambera
224:Demonym
39:Sumbawa
2500:
2174:, § 4.
2159:, § 8.
2144:, § 3.
2132:, § 7.
2106:
2072:
1994:. 2022
1898:
1859:
1715:
1667:
1419:Health
1363:Marapu
1318:castes
1306:
1304:
1296:
1294:
1288:Marapu
1286:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1160:Medium
1121:Medium
1111:90,521
1108:85,482
1105:62,485
1082:Medium
1063:737.42
1043:Medium
992:Pop'n
989:Census
985:Pop'n
982:Census
978:Pop'n
940:Kupang
856:, and
844:, and
673:Madura
641:empire
540:Flores
519:humbah
464:Hinggi
411:1900s.
377:Flores
287:) and
273:Wejewa
108:9°40′S
2593:Sumba
2311:(PDF)
1562:Notes
1435:Water
1278:Islam
1171:Sumba
1128:53.18
1089:53.17
1050:53.12
1011:53.11
987:2020
980:2010
952:Kode
889:maize
836:owl,
812:Fauna
794:Asian
701:1600s
669:Hubba
665:Humba
649:Sumba
610:adzes
603:era;
515:umbah
507:humba
425:hubba
421:humba
391:, is
385:Timor
383:, is
339:, or
333:Hubba
329:Humba
313:Petjo
309:Sumba
62:Sumba
58:Hubba
54:Humba
45:Sumba
2540:Maps
2498:ISBN
2336:2020
2117:2013
2104:ISBN
2083:2013
2070:ISBN
2000:2023
1956:2013
1909:2013
1896:ISBN
1870:2013
1857:ISBN
1726:2013
1713:ISBN
1678:2013
1665:ISBN
1404:ikat
1399:ikat
1391:ikat
1346:and
1338:The
1322:raja
971:Area
902:and
867:The
796:and
728:1866
693:1522
675:and
655:and
569:lit.
542:and
503:Java
462:The
441:lit.
343:(in
341:Zuba
337:Suba
285:Loli
281:Kodi
159:73rd
146:Area
60:(in
1770:(3)
1768:127
1003:HDI
942:on
871:or
808:.
711:or
691:In
667:or
621:BCE
583:).
546:.
363:or
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2567:.
2549:.
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2468:.
2443:.
2419:.
2395:.
2377:.
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2327:.
2285:.
2261:.
2236:.
2212:.
2187:.
2164:^
2149:^
2040:.
2022:^
1972:.
1925:.
1878:^
1798:12
1796:.
1792:.
1766:.
1742:.
1635:^
1623:^
1611:^
1589:^
1240:,
1162:)
1123:)
1084:)
1045:)
975:km
973:in
946:.
906:.
891:,
860:.
852:,
840:,
742:.
623:.
601:BC
409:c.
395:.
335:,
331:,
323::
319:;
315::
283:,
279:,
275:,
271:,
267:,
263:,
259:,
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2578:.
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2246:.
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2119:.
2085:.
2051:.
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2016:.
2002:.
1958:.
1936:.
1911:.
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