36:
531:
67:
403:
to the Sun Belt, according to data tracking people's movements over the year from July 2012 – 2013. Americans remained cautious about moving to a different state over this period. However, migration to the Sun Belt from the Frost Belt resumed again, according to 2015 Census data estimates, with
367:
projected that approximately 88% of the nation's population growth between 2000 and 2030 would occur in the Sun Belt. California, Texas, and
Florida were each expected to add more than 12 million people during that time, which would make them by far the most populous states in America. Nevada,
197:
created more comfortable summer conditions and allowed more manufacturing and industry to locate in the Sun Belt. Since much of the construction in the Sun Belt is new or recent, housing styles and design are often modern and open. Recreational opportunities in the Sun Belt are often not tied
379:
that led to the recession appeared, to some observers, to have been more acute in the Sun Belt than other parts of the country. Additionally, the traditional lure of cheaper labor markets in the region compared with
America's older industrial centers has been eroded by overseas
317:, and a boom in the agriculture industry allowed the southern third of the United States to grow economically. The climate spurred not only agricultural growth, but also the migration of many retirees to retirement communities in the region, especially in Florida and Arizona.
261:
and most or all of
Arkansas, North Carolina, Oklahoma and Tennessee. For example, the Kinder Institute for Urban Research defines the Sun Belt as being south of 36°30′N latitude, which includes all of Arkansas, most of Oklahoma and virtually all of Tennessee (small parts of
930:. The Los Angeles area is by far the largest, with over 13 million inhabitants as of 2012. The ten largest metropolitan statistical areas are found in California, Texas, Georgia, North Carolina, Florida, and Arizona. Additionally, the cross-border metropolitan areas of
431:
Increasing racial diversity and political realignment on urban/rural lines have made some Sun Belt states more competitive, though all states in the region excluding New Mexico and
California continue to vote to the right of the national average.
1771:
211:
were in Texas, Florida, and
Arizona. The traditional explanations for the growth are increasing productivity in the South and West and increasing demand for Sun Belt amenities, especially its pleasant weather. Job decline in the
224:
The Sun Belt comprises the southern tier of the U.S., including the states of
Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas, roughly two-thirds of California (up to
206:
Out of the 15 fastest-growing cities in the U.S., 12 are located in the Sun Belt as of 2023. Additionally, 86 percent of the top 50 zip codes that saw the largest increases in new residents since the start of the
391:
plants to supply fresh water and avert near-term crises. Texas, Georgia, and
Florida also face increasingly serious shortages because of their rapidly expanding populations and high per-capita water consumption.
348:
industries have been major drivers of growth in
California, Florida, Texas, and other parts of the Sun Belt. Texas and California rank among the top five states in the nation with the most
340:
that were major consumers of their products. The oil industry helped propel states such as Texas and
Louisiana forward, and tourism grew in Florida, and Southern California. More recently,
1709:
2394:
2143:
499:
The environment in the belt is extremely valuable, not only to local and state governments, but to the federal government. Eight of the ten states have extremely high
297:, the term "Sun Belt" became synonymous with the southern third of the nation in the early 1970s. In this period, economic and political prominence shifted from the
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1983:
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325:
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One of the greatest threats facing the belt in the coming decades is water shortages. Communities in
California are making plans to build multiple
290:
2117:
2003:
372:
1957:
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456:
452:
1915:
2167:
1660:
2408:
2383:
503:(ranging from 3,800 to 6,700 species, not including marine life). The Sun Belt also has the highest number of distinct ecosystems:
2065:
1721:
2505:
2475:
436:
2273:
2247:
915:
649:
2432:
870:
329:
1902:
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The Sun Belt has historically been more conservative than the nation at large, especially in comparison to regions such as
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1772:"Large, young and fast-growing Sun Belt metros need urban policy innovation | Kinder Institute for Urban Research"
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241:, and Utah. Five of the states—Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, and Texas—are sometimes collectively called the
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135:
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strictly to one season, and many tourist and resort cities in the region support a tourist industry all year.
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lie partially within the Sun Belt. Seven of the ten largest cities in the U.S. are located in the Sun Belt:
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688:
580:
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Regional growth and decline in the United States: the rise of the Sunbelt and the decline of the Northeast
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This article is about the region of the southern United States. For the college athletic conference, see
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extend north of 36°30′ due to surveying errors) but leaves out most of Nevada and California, with only
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911:
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17:
1700:
Wichner, David (September 6, 2022). "Tucson region led Arizona tourism spending rebound in 2021".
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Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Florida, and Texas were expected to be the fastest-growing states.
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because of their abundance of beaches or deserts. Other definitions may also include parts of
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Sunburnt Cities: The Great Recession, Depopulation, and Urban Planning in the American Sunbelt
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1999:
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996:
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led some to question whether growth projections for the Sun Belt had been overstated. The
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1990:, Cambridge Essential Histories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–16,
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in the region (due to more recent industrialization, 1930s–1950s) and the proximity of
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American Politics in the Postwar Sunbelt: Conservative Growth in a Battleground Region
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states and the Rust Belt. This has been attributed in part to the high percentage of
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1995:
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from an influx of people seeking a warm and sunny climate, a surge in retiring
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boomed in the Sun Belt as companies took advantage of the low involvement of
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1637:, refers to the political and cultural effects of the growth of the Sun Belt
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508:
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444:
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2347:"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Los Angeles County, California; California"
2144:"Swing state, no more. Moderate Democrats have already turned Arizona blue"
1678:
Woods, Michael (January 18, 1981). "Desert-Like Conditions Hurt Sun Belt".
1857:
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2201:"Harris Puts Four Sun Belt States Back in Play, Times/Siena Polls Find"
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983:
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151:
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2274:"Earth's Endangered Creatures - United States Endangered Species List"
2248:"Earth's Endangered Creatures - United States Endangered Species List"
1934:
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1355:
959:
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314:
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107:
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Encounters with the future: a forecast of life into the 21st century
313:. Factors such as the warmer climate, the migration of workers from
66:
2092:"Democrats' path to the Senate runs straight through the Sun Belt"
1507:
1180:
529:
171:
90:. Another rough definition of the region is the area south of the
65:
1916:
New data show 'snowbelt-to-sunbelt' migration sluggish to return
1595:
399:
slowed, and in some places even stopped, the migration from the
119:
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2300:
1984:"Introduction: What Is the Sunbelt – and Why Is It Important?"
966:(10). Los Angeles County has a veteran population of 270,462.
29:
404:
growing migration to the Sun Belt and out of the Frost Belt.
43:
Parts of this article (those related to COVID-19) need to be
2091:
1747:"The Sand States: Anatomy of a Perfect Housing-Market Storm"
282:
being included. This definition also includes most of the
541:
Some endangered species live within the belt, including:
467:, the region is also a target by Democrats, with nominee
185:
The Sun Belt has seen substantial population growth post-
2118:"The Democrats Should Try the Sun Belt Strategy in 2020"
2026:
Sunbelt Rising: The Politics of Space, Place, and Region
1745:
Shayna M. Olesiuk and Kathy R. Kalser (April 27, 2009).
1930:"The Sun Belt Is Rising Again, New Census Numbers Show"
447:
narrowly won the states of Arizona and Georgia in the
2199:
Goldmacher, Shane; Igielnik, Ruth (August 17, 2024).
910:
The five largest metropolitan statistical areas are
193:, and growing economic opportunities. The advent of
2374:Weinstein, Bernard L.; Robert E. Firestine (1978).
2336:, The United States Conference of Mayors, July 2022
1958:"Sun Belt Migration Reviving, New Census Data Show"
451:, and the party gained seats in both states in the
2066:"Democrats' Future Is Moving Beyond the Rust Belt"
1888:California Gives Desalination Plants a Fresh Look
1906:, Pelican Publishing Company, March 2007, pg. 53
1722:"Why People Won't Stop Moving to the Sun Belt"
94:. Several climates can be found in the region—
2433:
2168:"Analysis | Georgia is no longer a red state"
435:The Sun Belt was a key target region for the
8:
2321:
2319:
1812:"States with the most Fortune 500 companies"
1858:Has economic twilight come to the Sun Belt?
82:generally considered stretching across the
2440:
2426:
2418:
2230:"Biodiversity in the United States (Map)"
2331:August 13, 2022, at fred.stlouisfed.org
2312:, United States Census Bureau, July 2012
1661:"Where Pittsburgh Has the Sun Belt Beat"
968:
610:
1837:Sun Belt Growth Shapes Housing's Future
1651:
537:, a vulnerable species found in Florida
471:polling either ahead or closely behind
420:, and to a somewhat lesser extent, the
371:Events leading up to and including the
216:is another major reason for migration.
2064:Brownstein, Ronald (January 9, 2020).
613:Largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas
2577:Regions of the Southern United States
1839:, Professional Builder, May 1, 2005
7:
1956:Frey, William H. (January 4, 2016).
1891:, Wall Street Journal, July 10, 2009
1870:Cetron, Marvin J.; O'Toole, Thomas:
1787:"How the GOP Became God's Own Party"
443:. Democratic presidential candidate
289:First employed by political analyst
27:Region of the southern United States
2040:"2022 Cook PVI: State Map and List"
2028:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2090:Arkin, James (19 September 2019).
14:
2592:Belt regions of the United States
1982:Cunningham, Sean P., ed. (2014),
1876:, Mcgraw-Hill, April 1982, pg. 34
1785:Phillips, Kevin (April 2, 2006).
1689:reprinted by Google News Archive
295:The Emerging Republican Majority
70:The Sun Belt, highlighted in red
34:
20:. For the region in Europe, see
2116:Sen, Conor (November 7, 2018).
1928:Jotkin, Joel (March 28, 2016).
1:
2393:Hollander, Justin B. (2011).
970:Major cities in the Sun Belt
229:), and the southern parts of
2333:(Error: unknown archive URL)
2024:Nickerson, Michelle (2011).
1996:10.1017/CBO9781139170017.001
1620:Economy of the United States
441:2020 United States elections
2301:https://censusreporter.org/
1720:Khazan, Olga (2023-08-15).
395:Lingering effects from the
2610:
2582:Southwestern United States
465:2024 presidential election
233:, North Carolina, Nevada,
15:
2456:
1962:The Brookings Institution
1918:, Los Angeles Times, 2014
1903:Florida Almanac 2007-2008
1861:, NBC News, May 31, 2009
715:Riverside–San Bernardino
581:Red-cockaded woodpecker
2378:. Praeger Publishers.
2307:July 22, 2014, at the
1843:June 24, 2008, at the
538:
428:living in the region.
426:evangelical Christians
338:military installations
71:
2044:Cook Political Report
1445:The Outer Banks (OBX)
533:
449:presidential election
69:
2451:of the United States
2401:Taylor & Francis
2236:on January 26, 2011.
2148:The Arizona Republic
586:Red Hills salamander
521:temperate rainforest
2280:on February 2, 2011
1885:Shankman, Sabrina:
1641:Sun Belt Conference
971:
615:
596:West Indian manatee
525:tropical rainforest
373:2008–2009 recession
320:Industries such as
272:Southern California
78:is a region of the
18:Sun Belt Conference
2254:on August 29, 2010
2209:The New York Times
1900:McGovern, Bernie:
1703:Arizona Daily Star
969:
611:
551:Black-capped vireo
546:American crocodile
539:
535:American crocodile
365:U.S. Census Bureau
227:Greater Sacramento
104:Eastern California
72:
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2005:978-1-107-02452-6
1606:
1605:
932:San Diego-Tijuana
908:
907:
650:Dallas–Fort Worth
622:Metro Population
591:Sonoran pronghorn
556:California condor
453:Senate elections.
418:Pacific Northwest
293:in his 1969 book
284:Missouri Bootheel
209:COVID-19 pandemic
136:humid subtropical
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2276:. Archived from
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437:Democratic Party
280:Las Vegas Valley
268:Middle Tennessee
195:air conditioning
59:
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38:
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30:
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2368:Further reading
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2309:Wayback Machine
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2172:Washington Post
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1818:. June 15, 2015
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1791:Washington Post
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1659:Kaid Benfield.
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1635:Southernization
1611:
1433:Greenville (NC)
1369:North Las Vegas
1209:West Palm Beach
631:(US$ billion)
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623:
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561:Florida panther
497:
410:
397:Great Recession
377:economic bubble
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2449:"Belt" regions
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2046:. 12 July 2022
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2016:
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1452:South Carolina
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1396:North Carolina
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1193:St. Petersburg
1169:Ft. Lauderdale
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1133:San Bernardino
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481:North Carolina
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291:Kevin Phillips
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164:North Carolina
160:South Carolina
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1385:Sunrise Manor
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1381:Spring Valley
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1145:San Francisco
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571:Longleaf pine
569:
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469:Kamala Harris
466:
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363:In 2005, the
358:
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331:
327:
323:
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308:
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274:and parts of
273:
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180:South Florida
177:
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133:
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128:Mediterranean
125:
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92:36th parallel
89:
85:
81:
80:United States
77:
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55:November 2023
46:
41:
32:
31:
23:
22:Golden Banana
19:
2545:
2395:
2375:
2354:. Retrieved
2350:
2341:
2325:
2311:
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2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:the original
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:the original
2242:
2234:the original
2224:
2212:. Retrieved
2204:
2194:
2183:. Retrieved
2171:
2162:
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2147:
2137:
2127:September 7,
2125:. Retrieved
2121:
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2095:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2070:The Atlantic
2069:
2059:
2048:. Retrieved
2043:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2009:, retrieved
1987:
1977:
1967:December 28,
1965:. Retrieved
1951:
1941:December 28,
1939:. Retrieved
1933:
1923:
1911:
1901:
1896:
1886:
1881:
1871:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
1796:September 5,
1794:. Retrieved
1790:
1780:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1740:
1729:. Retrieved
1726:The Atlantic
1725:
1715:
1701:
1695:
1683:(Toledo, OH)
1679:
1673:
1664:
1654:
1501:Murfreesboro
1469:Myrtle Beach
1437:Fayetteville
1277:Lake Charles
1265:Bossier City
1177:Jacksonville
1121:Palm Springs
1081:Fayetteville
909:
871:Jacksonville
607:Major cities
576:Mexican wolf
540:
501:biodiversity
498:
473:Donald Trump
434:
430:
422:Mid-Atlantic
411:
394:
389:desalination
386:
370:
362:
350:
334:labor unions
319:
294:
288:
242:
223:
205:
191:baby boomers
187:World War II
184:
75:
73:
52:
44:
2284:January 26,
2258:January 26,
2205:nytimes.com
2101:January 26,
2075:January 26,
1589:San Antonio
1529:Brownsville
1485:Clarksville
1481:Chattanooga
1417:Chapel Hill
1337:Albuquerque
1325:Hattiesburg
1300:Mississippi
1289:New Orleans
1261:Baton Rouge
1201:Tallahassee
1173:Gainesville
1113:Los Angeles
1101:Bakersfield
1085:Little Rock
952:San Antonio
940:Los Angeles
912:Los Angeles
884:New Orleans
793:San Antonio
637:Los Angeles
495:Environment
414:New England
382:outsourcing
359:Projections
355:companies.
346:new economy
243:Sand States
144:Mississippi
100:semi-desert
2571:Categories
2556:Unchurched
2214:August 19,
2185:2023-02-03
2153:2023-02-03
2050:2023-09-05
2011:2023-09-05
1752:. FDIC.gov
1731:2024-04-10
1647:References
1601:St. George
1465:Greenville
1457:Charleston
1441:Wilmington
1409:Greensboro
1389:Enterprise
1345:Rio Rancho
1341:Las Cruces
1332:New Mexico
1293:Shreveport
1257:Alexandria
1161:Cape Coral
1129:Sacramento
1109:Long Beach
1092:California
1037:Scottsdale
1005:Tuscaloosa
1001:Montgomery
993:Huntsville
989:Birmingham
806:Sacramento
628:GMP (2022)
624:(millions)
566:Fraser fir
517:grasslands
401:Frost Belt
276:Nye County
220:Definition
132:California
124:West Texas
116:New Mexico
2356:March 23,
2180:0190-8286
1681:The Blade
1625:Rust Belt
1615:Corn Belt
1557:Galveston
1545:Ft. Worth
1517:Arlington
1497:Nashville
1489:Knoxville
1476:Tennessee
1405:Charlotte
1401:Asheville
1365:Henderson
1361:Las Vegas
1321:Southaven
1273:Lafayette
1252:Louisiana
1137:San Diego
1125:Riverside
1065:Flagstaff
962:(9), and
956:San Diego
845:Nashville
832:Las Vegas
767:Charlotte
741:San Diego
509:deciduous
505:chaparral
463:. In the
445:Joe Biden
353: 500
342:high tech
322:aerospace
303:Northeast
239:Tennessee
214:Rust Belt
202:Migration
168:Tennessee
148:Louisiana
88:Southwest
84:Southeast
2329:Archived
2305:Archived
2096:POLITICO
1841:Archived
1822:June 26,
1630:Snowbelt
1609:See also
1525:Beaumont
1513:Amarillo
1461:Columbia
1377:Paradise
1349:Santa Fe
1317:Gulfport
1313:Meridian
1281:Metairie
1241:Savannah
1233:Columbus
1197:Sarasota
1149:Stockton
1141:San Jose
1076:Arkansas
1061:Prescott
1053:Surprise
1033:Glendale
1029:Chandler
964:San Jose
878:$ 117.2
865:$ 403.0
858:San Jose
852:$ 187.8
839:$ 160.7
826:$ 222.1
813:$ 176.3
800:$ 163.1
787:$ 194.5
774:$ 228.9
761:$ 219.4
748:$ 295.6
735:$ 729.1
722:$ 237.9
709:$ 362.1
696:$ 483.8
683:$ 525.9
670:$ 633.2
657:$ 688.9
644:$ 1,227
408:Politics
384:trends.
278:and the
259:Virginia
255:Missouri
247:Colorado
235:Oklahoma
231:Arkansas
176:tropical
76:Sun Belt
2551:Tornado
2516:Pretzel
2481:Borscht
1816:Fortune
1756:May 10,
1665:CityLab
1577:McAllen
1573:Lubbock
1561:Houston
1553:Garland
1541:El Paso
1493:Memphis
1413:Raleigh
1305:Jackson
1229:Augusta
1221:Atlanta
1216:Georgia
1185:Orlando
1156:Florida
1117:Oakland
1097:Anaheim
1069:Nogales
1041:Gilbert
1017:Phoenix
1012:Arizona
984:Alabama
948:Phoenix
944:Houston
924:Atlanta
920:Houston
904:$ 68.9
891:$ 94.0
780:Orlando
702:Phoenix
676:Atlanta
663:Houston
489:Georgia
477:Arizona
439:in the
351:Fortune
326:defense
305:to the
299:Midwest
174:), and
156:Georgia
152:Florida
140:Alabama
112:Arizona
45:updated
2541:Stroke
2501:Jell-O
2491:Cotton
2461:Banana
2407:
2382:
2178:
2002:
1935:Forbes
1569:Laredo
1565:Irving
1549:Frisco
1537:Dallas
1521:Austin
1429:Durham
1356:Nevada
1309:Tupelo
1285:Monroe
1269:Kenner
1225:Athens
1189:Naples
1165:Destin
1105:Fresno
1049:Peoria
1021:Tucson
997:Mobile
960:Dallas
926:, and
916:Dallas
897:Tucson
819:Austin
523:, and
513:desert
487:, and
485:Nevada
461:Senate
416:, the
328:, and
315:Mexico
257:, and
251:Kansas
122:, and
108:Nevada
96:desert
2496:Fruit
2476:Black
2471:Bison
2466:Bible
1750:(PDF)
1585:Plano
1508:Texas
1237:Macon
1205:Tampa
1181:Miami
1045:Tempe
978:City
975:State
958:(8),
954:(7),
950:(6),
946:(4),
942:(2),
928:Miami
754:Tampa
689:Miami
307:South
172:Texas
2536:Snow
2531:Salt
2526:Rust
2521:Rice
2511:Pine
2506:Lead
2486:Corn
2405:ISBN
2380:ISBN
2358:2020
2286:2011
2260:2011
2216:2024
2176:ISSN
2129:2020
2103:2020
2077:2020
2000:ISBN
1969:2016
1943:2016
1824:2016
1798:2012
1758:2018
1596:Utah
1421:Cary
1373:Reno
1057:Yuma
1025:Mesa
934:and
641:12.8
457:2022
344:and
311:West
309:and
301:and
266:and
264:East
170:and
120:Utah
86:and
74:The
2587:Sun
2546:Sun
1992:doi
901:1.0
888:1.2
875:1.7
862:1.9
849:2.1
836:2.3
823:2.4
810:2.4
797:2.6
784:2.7
771:2.7
758:3.3
745:3.2
732:4.6
719:4.6
706:5.0
693:6.1
680:6.2
667:7.3
654:7.9
475:in
455:In
330:oil
182:).
134:),
126:),
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
