2379:(1974) is a feature-length film that stars Sun Ra and his band as themselves. The soundtrack, also by Sun Ra, is available on CD. The film follows Sun Ra after he returns to Chicago from many years of space travel with his Arkestra. In a meeting with "the Overseer" â a devil-like figure stationed in the desert â Sun Ra agrees to play a game of cards to "win" the black community. Sun Ra's goal is to transport the American black community to a new planet he discovered while on his journey, and that he hopes to use as a home for an entirely black population. The artist's mission is to "teleport the whole planet through music", but his attempts are often misunderstood by his supposed converts.
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523:. When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York (she later was a member of the modestly successful singing group the Ginger Snaps), Blount took over leadership of the group, renaming it the Sonny Blount Orchestra. They continued touring for several months before dissolving as unprofitable. Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians. Blount afterward found steady employment as a musician in Birmingham.
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1300:, and other pop and avant-garde musicians were regulars. Sun Ra was disciplined and drank only club soda at the gigs, but did not impose his strict code on his musicians. They respected his discipline and authority. Soft-spoken and charismatic, Sun Ra turned Squat Theater into a universe of big band "space" jazz backed by a floor show of sexy Jupiterettes. He directed while playing three synthesizers at the same time. In those days, "Space Is The Place" was the space at Squat.
1737:. A number of Sun Ra's 1970s concerts are available on CD, but none have received a wide release in comparison to his earlier music. In 1978â1980 performances, Sun Ra added a large electronic creation, the Outerspace Visual Communicator, which produced images rather than sounds; this was performed at a keyboard by its inventor, Bill Sebastian. During concerts, the OVC usually was positioned at center stage behind the Arkestra while Sebastian sat on stage with the musicians.
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inspiring such long-term devotion to the music that they knew would never make them much money. His equation was rarely (if ever) explained as a whole; instead, it was related in bits and pieces over many years, leading some to doubt that he had a coherent message. However, Martinelli argues that, when considered as a whole, one can discern a unified world view that draws upon many sources, but is also unique to Sun Ra, writing:
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Marching Band" includes several components related to Sun Ra. "One component (2010) of the project is the production of five flash mob street performances involving a marching band inspired by Sun Ra's
Arkestra. The second component of the project... is a full-length video that chronicles the urban legends of Sun Raâs time in Chicago as well as the contemporary artists who live and work in this city".
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1060:. Sun Ra moved into a house on Morton Street that became the Arkestra's base of operations until his death. It eventually became known as the Arkestral Institute of Sun Ra. Apart from occasional complaints about the noise of rehearsals, they were soon regarded as good neighbors because of their friendliness, drug-free living, and rapport with youngsters. The saxophonist
1752:, a member of the Arkestra, Sun Ra did not confront any musician whose performance he was unsatisfied with. Instead, he would simply gather the entire Arkestra minus the offending musician, and skip townâleaving the fired musician stranded. The following is a partial list of musical collaborators, and the eras when they played with Sun Ra or the Arkestra:
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be free to return to their natural vibrations and live in harmony. This will give rise to an âaltered destiny.â The film also discloses Sun Ra's ideas on how to get his people to another planet. This can be accomplished through, âisotopic teleportation, trans-molecularization, or better still â teleport the whole planet here through music.â
748:. Blount had long admired Henderson, but Henderson's fortunes had declined (his band was now made of up middling musicians rather than the stars of earlier years) in large part because of his instability, due to Henderson's long-term injuries from a car accident. Henderson hired Blount as pianist and arranger, replacing
1162:. Few students enrolled, but his classes were often full of curious people from the surrounding community. One half-hour of each class was devoted to a lecture (complete with handouts and homework assignments), the other half-hour to an Arkestra performance or Sun Ra keyboard solo. Reading lists included the works of
861:(alto sax) soon followed. Patrick was in and out of the group until the end of his life, but Allen and Gilmore were the two most devoted members of the Arkestra. In fact, Gilmore is often criticized for staying with Sun Ra for over forty years when he could have been a strong leader in his own right. Saxophonist
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highly regarded in the black community. They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South, black musicians had wide acceptance in white society. They often played for elite white society audiences (though they were typically forbidden from associating with the audience).
884:. Abraham's strengths balanced Ra's shortcomings: though he was a disciplined bandleader, Sun Ra was somewhat introverted and lacked business sense (a trait that haunted his entire career). Abraham was outgoing, well-connected, and practical. Though still a teenager, Abraham eventually became Sun Ra's
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I couldn't approach black people with the truth because they like lies. They live lies... At one time I felt that white people were to blame for everything, but then I found out that they were just puppets and pawns of some greater force, which has been using them... Some force is having a good time
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According to Szwed, Sun Ra's view of his relationship to black people and black cultures "changed drastically" over time. Initially, Sun Ra identified closely with broader struggles for black power, black political influence, and black identity, and saw his own music as a key element in educating and
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Sun Ra presents a unified conception, incorporating music, myth, and performance into his multi-leveled equations. Every aspect of the Sun Ra experience, from business practices like Saturn
Records to published collections of poetry to his 35-year career in music, is a manifestation of his equations.
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During their third period, beginning in the 1970s, Sun Ra and the
Arkestra settled down into a relatively conventional sound, often incorporating swing standards, although their records and concerts were still highly eclectic and energetic, and typically included at least one lengthy, semi-improvised
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in the Fall of 1969....it was during this visit that Moog loaned Sun Ra a prototype
Minimoog (Model B), several months before the commercial instrument (Model D) was introduced in March 1970. Ra immediately added the instrument to his repertoire of keyboards, later acquired a second, and featured the
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Blount became a regular at
Birmingham's Forbes Piano Company, a white-owned company. Blount visited the Forbes building almost daily to play music, swap ideas with staff and customers, or copy sheet music into his notebooks. He formed a new band, and like his old teacher Whatley, insisted on rigorous
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The film opens with Sun Ra on a distant planet, where the music and vibrations are much different from Earth where the air is filled with the sounds of âguns, anger and frustration.â A colony is erected on this planet specifically for black people because only on a distant planet will the black race
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leanings, arguing that the god of most monotheistic religions was not the creator god, not the ultimate god, but a lesser, evil being. Sun Ra was wary of the Bible, knowing that it had been used to justify slavery. He often re-arranged and re-worded
Biblical passages (and re-worked many other words,
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After the move to New York, Sun Ra and company plunged headlong into the experimentalism that they had only hinted at in
Chicago. The music was often extremely loud and the Arkestra grew to include multiple drummers and percussionists. In recordings of this era, Ra began to use new technologiesâsuch
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as fellow highly productive cat-nappers. He transformed the first floor of his family's home into a conservatory-workshop, where he wrote songs, transcribed recordings, rehearsed with the many musicians who drifted in and out, and discussed
Biblical and esoteric concepts with whoever was interested.
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Blount claimed that this experience occurred in 1936 or 1937. According to Szwed, the musician's closest associates cannot date the story any earlier than 1952. (Blount also said that the incident happened when he was living in
Chicago, where he did not settle until the late 1940s). Sun Ra discussed
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It was in
Chicago, as well, in the mid-fifties, that Ra began experimenting with extraterrestriality in his stage show, sometimes playing regular cocktail lounges dressed in space suits and ancient Egyptian regalia. By placing his band and performances in space and extraterrestrial environments Sun
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Starting with concerts in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom in 1970, the Arkestra began to tour internationally. They played to audiences who had known his music only through records. Sun Ra continued playing in Europe almost to the end of his life. The saxophonist Danny Ray Thompson became a
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embraced him. Regularly for the next year and a half (and intermittently for another half-decade afterwards), Sun Ra and company performed at Slug's for audiences that eventually came to include music critics and leading jazz musicians. Opinions of Sun Ra's music were divided (and hecklers were not
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from the stress of imprisonment, that he was suicidal, and that he was in constant fear of sexual assault. When his conscientious objector status was reaffirmed in February 1943, he was escorted to Pennsylvania. He did forestry work as assigned during the day and was allowed to play piano at night.
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Birmingham clubs often featured exotic trappings, such as vivid lighting and murals with tropical or oasis scenes. Some believe these influenced the elements Sun Ra incorporated in his later stage shows. Playing for the big bands gave black musicians a sense of pride and togetherness, and they were
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a copy of the song on 45 and told him, "This is especially for you," which Adams reported inspired him to reform the band after a period of inactivity. The band still includes Sun Ra's compositions in their performances, and besides "Rocket #9" have released recordings of "We Travel the Spaceways"
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The Outer Space Visual Communicator was a giant machine that was played with hands and feet to create light designs, similar to how musicians create and sound with their instruments. The name of the instrument arose from Bill Sebastian's collaboration with Sun Ra, who incorporated the OVC into the
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me and I was down on stage with them. They wanted to talk with me. They had one little antenna on each ear. A little antenna over each eye. They talked to me. They told me to stop because there was going to be great trouble in schools... the world was going into complete chaos... I would speak ,
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writing in 1956, quoted on page 154: "a friend took me to hear a jazz musician named Sun Ra who played 'space music'." According to Sun Ra himself, also in 1956, quoted on page 384: "When I say space music, I'm dealing with the void, because that is of space too... So I leave the word space open,
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The influence of Sun Ra can be seen throughout many aspects of black music. He grounded his practice of Afrofuturism in a musical tradition that has been described as âperforming blacknessââ. Sun Ra lived out his beliefs of Afrofuturism in his daily life by embodying the movement not only in his
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radio, giving lectures to community groups, or visiting the city's libraries. In the mid-1970s, the Arkestra sometimes played free Saturday afternoon concerts in a Germantown park near their home. At their mid-1970s shows in Philadelphia nightclubs, someone stood at the back of the room, selling
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has heavily researched the life and legacy of Sun Ra. Her 2013 exhibition "17" "arises out of research into the legacy of Sun Ra, who was himself a student of numerology and achieved a kind of cultural immortality the number 17 might be said to refer to". Her project "The Solar Flare Arkestral
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was often described as a philosophy, but he rejected this term, describing his own manner as an "equation" and saying that while philosophy was based on theories and abstract reasoning, his method was based on logic and pragmatism. Many of the Arkestra cite Sun Ra's teachings as pivotal and for
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into the outer-space-themed "cosmic jazz" for which he was best known. Music critics and jazz historians say some of his best work was recorded during this period and it is also some of his most accessible music. Sun Ra's music in this era was often tightly arranged and sometimes reminiscent of
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In court, Blount said that alternate service was unacceptable; he debated the judge on points of law and Biblical interpretation. The judge ruled that Blount was violating the law and was at risk for being drafted into the U.S. military. Blount responded that if inducted, he would use military
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For decades, very little was known about Sun Ra's early life, and he contributed to its mystique. As a self-invented person, he routinely gave evasive, contradictory or seemingly nonsensical answers to personal questions, and denied his birth name. He speculated, only half in jest, that he was
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like space is supposed to be." On page 247, in an interview, Sun Ra stated "sometimes when I'm playing for a band, playing space music... I'm using ordinary instruments, but actually I'm using them in a manner... transforming certain ideas over into a language which the world can understand."
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because of his hernia, and he returned to Birmingham, embittered and angered. He formed a new band and soon was playing professionally. After his beloved great-aunt Ida died in 1945, Blount felt no reason to stay in Birmingham. He dissolved the band, and moved to Chicagoâpart of the
2235:. In addition, he made his mark in the wider cultural context: he proclaimed the African origins of jazz, reaffirmed pride in black history and reasserted the spiritual and mystical dimensions of music, all important factors in the black cultural/political renaissance of the 1960s.
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as extensive use of tape delayâto assemble spatial sound pieces, such as "Saturn", which were far removed from earlier compositions. Recordings and live performances often featured passages for unusual instrumental combinations, and passages of collective playing that incorporated
634:, citing religious objections to war and killing, his financial support of his great-aunt Ida, and his chronic hernia. The local draft board rejected his claim. In an appeal to the national draft board, Blount wrote that the lack of black men on the draft appeal board "smacks of
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Blount left college because, he claimed, he had a visionary experience as a college student that had a major, long-term influence on him. In 1936 or 1937, in the midst of deep religious concentration, Sun Ra claimed that a bright light appeared around him, and, as he later said:
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Though his mainstream success was limited, Ra was a prolific recording artist and frequent live performer, and remained influential throughout his life for his music and persona. He is now widely considered an innovator; among his distinctions are his pioneering work in
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weapons and training to kill the first high-ranking military officer possible. The judge sentenced Blount to jail (pending draft board and CPS rulings), and then said, "I've never seen a nigger like you before." Blount replied, "No, and you never will again."
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in the fall of 1961. To save money, Sun Ra and his band members lived communally. This enabled Sun Ra to request rehearsals spontaneously and at any time, which was his established habit. It was during this time in New York that Sun Ra recorded the album
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In late 1992, Sun Ra returned to his birth city of Birmingham to live with his older sister, Mary Jenkins, who (along with various Blount cousins) became his caretaker. In January, he was admitted to Princeton Baptist Medical Center, suffering from
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has put it, 'In this era of 'practical' things men ridicule even the existence of God. They scoff at goodness while they ponder with befuddled minds the phantasmagoria of materiality. They have forgotten the path which leads beyond the
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percussion jam. Sun Ra was explicitly asserting a continuity with the ignored jazz tradition: "They tried to fool you, now I got to school you, about jazz, about jazz" he chanted in concerts, framing the inclusion of pieces by
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Many of Sun Ra's innovations remain important and groundbreaking. Ra was one of the first jazz leaders to use two double basses, to employ the electric bass, to play electronic keyboards, to use extensive percussion and
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Though often associated with avant-garde jazz, Sun Ra did not believe his work could be classified as "free music": "I have to make sure that every note, every nuance, is correct... If you want to call it that, spell it
3871:"The Solar Flare Arkestral Marching Band is one component of a project being produced by Cauleen Smith as part of an artist-in-residence at threewalls Gallery, Chicago. | The Solar Flare Arkestral Marching Band"
439:(1989) said that Sun Ra was believed to be about 75 years old. This turned out to be correct; Szwed was able to uncover a wealth of information about his early life, and confirmed a birth date of May 22, 1914.
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said Sun Ra's comments were "very interesting stuff... whether you believed it or not. And a lot of times it was humorous, and a lot of times it was ridiculous, and a lot of times it was right on the money."
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in conjunction with an exhibition that explored the intersection of the Arkestra's performing legacy and the practice of contemporary art. In 2011, they ventured to Australia for the first time, for the 2011
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was published irregularly for many years, providing extensive documentation of Sun Ra's perspectives on many issues. Sun Ra's collected poetry and prose is available as a book, published May 2005, entitled
880:, a precociously intelligent teenager and something of a kindred spirit. He became the Arkestra's biggest booster and one of Sun Ra's closest friends. Both men felt like outsiders and shared an interest in
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to trade ideas and discuss the offbeat topics that so intrigued them. This group printed a number of pamphlets and broadsides explaining their conclusions and ideas. Some of these were collected by critic
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Though deeply religious, his family was not formally associated with any Christian church or sect. Blount had few or no close friends in high school but was remembered as kind-natured and quiet, an
390:. Over his career, he recorded dozens of singles and over 100 full-length albums, comprising well over 1,000 songs, making him one of the most prolific recording artists of the 20th century.
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owned and operated the Pharaoh's Den, a convenience store in the neighborhood. When lightning struck a tree on their street, Sun Ra took it as a good omen. James Jacson fashioned the Cosmic
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performances and then produced full transcriptions of the bands' songs from memory. By his mid-teens, Blount was performing semi-professionally as a solo pianist, or as a member of various
435:. His birthday for years remained unknown, as his claims ranged from 1910 to 1918. Only a few years before his death, the date of Sun Ra's birth was still a mystery. Jim Macnie's notes for
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business manager: he booked performances, suggested musicians for the Arkestra, and introduced several popular songs into the group's repertoire. Ra, Abraham and others formed a sort of
2258:, Knoel Scott, Tyrone Hill and Danny Thompson. Adams has joined the Arkestra as their pianist on several tours, most recently during a February 2016 tour of cities in the US southeast.
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Sun Ra's music can be roughly divided into three phases, but his records and performances were full of surprises and the following categories should be regarded only as approximations.
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2392:(1980). It interspersed passages of performances and rehearsals with Sun Ra's commentary on various subjects ranging from today's youth to his own place in the cosmos. More recently,
499:. It left him with a nearly constant discomfort that sometimes flared into severe pain. Szwed suggests that Blount felt shame about it and the condition contributed to his isolation.
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Dozens of musiciansâperhaps hundredsâpassed through Sun Ra's bands over the years. Some stayed with him for decades, whilst others played on only a few recordings or performances.
1554:, Sun Ra's bassist, has been described as "the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for eight years." This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (
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names, or phrases) in an attempt to uncover "hidden" meanings. The most obvious evidence of this system was Ra's practice of renaming many of the musicians who played with him.
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Sun Ra seeks to elevate humanity beyond their current earthbound state, tied to outmoded conceptions of life and death when the potential future of immortality awaits them. As
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autobiography... Sonny was pulling together several strains of his life. He was both prophesizing his future and explaining his past with a single act of personal mythology."
284:, "cosmic" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances. For much of his career, Ra led The Arkestra, an ensemble with an ever-changing name and flexible line-up.
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music, but also in his clothes and actions. This embodiment of the narrative allowed him to demonstrate black nationalism as a counternarrative to the contemporary culture.
1623:, adding instruments such as flutes, oboes, or clarinets to their arsenals. In this era, Sun Ra was among the first of any musicians to make extensive and pioneering use of
918:. (It had several name variations.) Initially focused on 45 rpm singles by Sun Ra and artists related to him, Saturn Records issued two full-length albums during the 1950s:
477:), where he studied under music teacher John T. "Fess" Whatley, a demanding disciplinarian who was widely respected and whose classes produced many professional musicians.
423:, who had deeply impressed his mother. He was nicknamed "Sonny" from his childhood, had an older sister and half-brother, and was doted upon by his mother and grandmother.
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On October 20, 1952, Blount legally changed his name to Le Sony'r Ra. Sun Ra claimed to have always been uncomfortable with his birth name of Blount. He considered it a
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daily rehearsals. The new Sonny Blount Orchestra earned a reputation as an impressive, disciplined band that could play in a wide variety of styles with equal skill.
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and seemingly absurd replies to questions. Drummer Art Jenkins admitted that Sun Ra's "nonsense" sometimes troubled his thoughts for days until inspiring a sort of
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In addition to enabling professional advancement, what he encountered in Chicago changed Blount's personal outlook. The city was a center of African-American
638:." Sonny's refusal to join the military deeply embarrassed his family, and many relatives ostracized him. He was eventually approved for alternate service at
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Hungarian theater troupe. Janos, their manager, transformed the theater into a nightclub while most of the troupe was away that season performing in Europe.
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My whole body changed into something else. I could see through myself. And I went up... I wasn't in human form... I landed on a planet that I identified as
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The "Sun Ra Revival Post-Krautrock Archestra", formed in Australia during 2014, paid tribute to Sun Ra's philosophies and musical ideas within their albums
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1721:. He incorporated smatterings of Disney musical numbers into many of his performances from then on. In the late 1980s the Arkestra performed a concert at
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had its roots in ancient Egypt). Blount concluded that the accomplishments and history of Africans had been systematically suppressed and denied by
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Corbett, John. "Brothers From Another Planet." Extended Play: Sounding off from John Cage to Dr. Funkenstein. Durham: Duke UP, 1994. N. pag. Print.
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radicalism in the 1960s, Sun Ra was expressing disillusionment with these aims. He denied feeling closely connected to any race. In 1970 he said:
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in 1990, but kept composing, performing, and leading the Arkestra. Late in his career, he opened a few concerts for the New Yorkâbased rock group
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311:. Throughout his life he denied ties to his prior identity saying, "Any name that I use other than Ra is a pseudonym." His widely eclectic and
2404:(2009) is a documentary by Ephrahaim Asili. "It's a 60-minute doc along the lines of the talking-head-intercut-with performance clips style."
971:, they provided a recognizable uniform for the Arkestra, they provided a new identity for the band onstage, and comic relief. (Sun Ra thought
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Despite their planned management of money, the costs of New York eventually became too high and motivated the group to move to Philadelphia.
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Seeking to broaden his compositional possibilities, Sun Ra insisted all band members double on various percussion instruments â predating
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Drum from the scorched tree trunk. They commuted via railroad to New York for the Monday night gig at Slug's and for other engagements.
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Sun Ra was personally responsible for the vast majority of the constant changes in the Arkestra's lineup. According to contrabassist
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was started in 2008 with the aim of using interplanetary communication with a view to facilitating Sun Ra's return to planet Earth.
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2325:), was originally created as a tribute to Sun Ra, borrowing many of the ideas, themes and tropes from Sun Ra's own performances.
1002:. This was a breakthrough to new audiences and recognition. Sun Ra's popularity reached an early peak during this period, as the
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played a handful of shows with Sun Ra and were influenced by his works immensely. One of their songs from their premiere album
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1500:'s, Count Basie's, or other important swing music ensembles. However, there was a strong influence from post-swing styles like
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835:, two of the most accomplished musicians he had known. They performed regularly, and Sun Ra began writing more advanced songs.
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In 2022, a building at 5626 Morton Street known as the Arkestral Institute of Sun Ra was listed as a historic landmark in the
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the vision, with no substantive variation, to the end of his life. His trip to Saturn allegedly occurred a full decade before
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and is open to the public upon request. The Special Collections Research Center has also repeatedly exhibited Sun Ra's work.
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festival, each day emphasizing different aspects of the musical legacy of Sun Ra. In 2009, they performed at Philadelphia's
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After leaving college, Blount became known as the most singularly devoted musician in Birmingham. He rarely slept, citing
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In his teenage years, Blount demonstrated prodigious musical talent: many times, according to acquaintances, he went to
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As of July 2019, the Arkestra continues to tour and perform. In September 2008 they played for 7 days in a row at the
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were often bewildered by the Arkestra. By this time, the performance included 20â30 musicians, dancers, singers,
534:. He was a music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory. He dropped out after a year.
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Blutopia: Visions of the Future and Revisions of the Past in the Work of Sun Ra, Duke Ellington, and Anthony Braxton
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In 1968, when the New York building they were renting was put up for sale, Sun Ra and the Arkestra relocated to the
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on a mission to preach peace, he developed a mythical persona and an idiosyncratic credo that made him a pioneer of
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Sun Ra wrote an enormous number of songs and material regarding his spiritual beliefs and music. A magazine titled
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has an extensive collection of Sun Ra's works and personal items in the Special Collections Research Center at the
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1206:. He returned to Egypt in 1983 and 1984, when he recorded with Ragab. Recordings made in Egypt were released as
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as one of the few places in Birmingham where African Americans had unlimited access to books. Its collection on
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before joining Sun Ra and identified strong similarities between Zen teachings and practices (particularly Zen
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throughout its various iterations. Its performances often included dancers and musicians dressed in elaborate,
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From the mid-1950s until his death, Ra led the musical collective The Arkestra, which featured artists such as
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offered encouragement, once stating, "Keep it up, Sonny, they tried to do the same shit to me," and pianist
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and "Love in Outer Space." Several members of the Arkestra have toured with NRBQ over the years, including
1319:. When too ill to perform and tour, Sun Ra appointed Gilmore to lead the Arkestra. (Gilmore was frail from
1037:, The Sensational Guitars of Dan and Dale. The album consisted primarily of instrumental variations on the
808:, debating, and printing leaflets or books. Blount absorbed it all and was fascinated with the city's many
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and looking, enjoying itself up in a reserved seat, wondering, "I wonder when they're going to wake up."
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In late 1968, Sun Ra and the Arkestra made their first tour of the US West Coast. Reactions were mixed.
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stacks of unmarked LPs in plain white sleeves, pressed from recordings of the band's live performances.
944:. During this era, Sun Ra recorded the first of dozens of singles as a band-for-hire backing a range of
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967:. These costumes had multiple purposes: they expressed Sun Ra's fascination with ancient Egypt and the
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of over 30 musicians, along with electronic excursions, songs, chants, percussion pieces, and anthems.
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magazine, which introduced his inscrutable gaze to millions. During this tour, Damon Choice, then an
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Also in 1966, Sun Ra, with members of the Arkestra and Al Kooper's Blues Project, recorded the album
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music. Birmingham was an important stop for touring musicians and he saw prominent musicians such as
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This article is about the jazz musician, Sun Ra. For the hip hop artist also known as Sun R. A., see
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In this era, Sun Ra began conducting using hand and body gestures. This system inspired cornetist
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also recorded with Sun Ra in Chicago, and both went on to careers of their own. The Chicago tenor
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and public domain classical music, with an uncredited female vocalist singing the "Robin Theme."
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1572:) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide cohesion.
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In New York City in the fall of 1979, Sun Ra and the Arkestra played as the "house band" at the
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and MONA (Museum of Old and New Art) in Tasmania. In 2017, the Arkestra performed at the 31st
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In 1971, Sun Ra traveled throughout Egypt with the Arkestra at the invitation of the drummer
842:, from a family that was not his. David Martinelli suggested that his change was similar to "
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wrote about contact with benevolent beings; and almost 20 years before the 1961 case of
458:, and other less well known. Sun Ra once said, "The world let down a lot of good musicians".
299:. He soon abandoned his birth name, taking the name Le Sony'r Ra, shortened to Sun Ra (after
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3091:"Sun Ra Arkestra Meets Salah Ragab in Egypt â Sun Ra : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards"
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By 1952, Blount was leading the Space Trio with drummer Tommy "Bugs" Hunter and saxophonist
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influence, but the band members resisted the new music, despite Henderson's encouragement.
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The Arkestra continued their touring and recording through the 1980s and into the 1990s.
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2400:(2005) incorporated some of Mugge's material, and includes some additional interviews.
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2005:, alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, singer and dancer (1979âpresent)
1987:, baritone saxophone, alto saxophone, clarinet, flute (1950â1959, 1961â1977, 1985â1988)
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tour and business manager during this era, specializing in what he called "no bullshit
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As a child, Blount was a skilled pianist. By the age of 11 or 12, he was composing and
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in Lowell Massachusetts. In 2019, it was announced that the Arkestra would perform at
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was also Blount's first recorded piano solo. He performed with the locally successful
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2981:"Sun Ra and The Blues Project Do Batman and Robin (MP3s) - WFMU's Beware of the Blog"
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Arkestra from 1978 to 1980 and experimented on video applications from 1981 to 1987.
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as the opening act. On May 20, 1978, Sun Ra and the Arkestra appeared on the TV show
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for three nights on July 14, 15, and 16. On October 22, 2021, they performed at the
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In the late 1950s, Sun Ra and his band began to wear outlandish, Egyptian-styled or
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Years given are for the recording(s), not first release, unless stated otherwise.
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1585:. It is often difficult to tell where compositions end and improvisations begin.
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groups. He attended Birmingham's segregated Industrial High School (now known as
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3770:"Transcending the Spaceways in the Films of Sun Ra: His Story at the Centenary"
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Sun Ra and his Arkestra were the subject of a few documentary films, including
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Sun Ra's piano technique touched on many styles: his youthful fascination with
1251:. A 1975 show concert by the Arkestra in Cleveland featured an early lineup of
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In 1936, Whatley's intercession led to Blount's being awarded a scholarship at
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The Wisdom of Sun Ra: Sun Ra's Polemical Broadsheets and Streetcorner Leaflets
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The Wisdom of Sun Ra: Sun Ra's Polemical Broadsheets and Streetcorner Leaflets
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chided someone who said Sun Ra was "too far out" by responding: "Yeah, but it
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Owen "Fiidla" Brown, violin, dance, vocals (1987â1990s and later appearances)
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Years given are for the recording(s), not first release, except where noted.
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by drawing on various ethnic musical forms â and most saxophonists became
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High praise, however, came from two of the architects of bebop. Trumpeter
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The first period occurred in the 1950s when Sun Ra's music evolved from
1323:; after his death in 1995, Allen took over leadership of the Arkestra.)
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Patrick left the group to move to Florida with his new wife. His friend
569:. It was earlier than other public accounts: about 15 years before
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3065:"Live in Egypt, Vol. 1 â Sun Ra : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards"
2261:
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was the first to release a Sun Ra album, through his independent label
902:
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personality sexually perverted," but also as "a well-educated colored
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3967:"Encounters at The Mothership brings expansive improv to West Philly"
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3185:"Sun Ra, 79, Versatile Jazz Artist; A Pioneer with a Surrealist Bent"
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Sun Ra became a fixture in Philadelphia, appearing semi-regularly on
635:
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304:
3636:"U B U W E B - Film & Video: Sun Ra - Space Is the Place (1974)"
2843:, Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press,
1658:
Minimoog prominently on many of his recordings of the early 1970s."
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Following Sun Ra's death, the Arkestra was led by tenor saxophonist
1144:," preferring to take cash before performing or delivering records.
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Kwame Hadi (Lamont McClamb), trumpet, conga, vibraphone (1969â1996)
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Sun Ra's philosophy can be further understood in viewing his film
1927:, bassoon, oboe, flute, Ancient Egyptian infinity drum (1963â1997)
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In March 1966, the Arkestra secured a regular Monday night gig at
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4143:
Sun Ra: The Immeasurable Equation: The Collected Poetry and Prose
2677:"The Journey of Khalil Islam, the Man Who Didn't Shoot Malcolm X"
2649:"CHAPTER ONE - Space Is the Place: The Lives and Times of Sun Ra"
702:
In Chicago, Blount quickly found work, notably with blues singer
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student, and a voracious reader. He took advantage of the Black
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Years listed represent year of recording, not original release.
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Ra, Sun; Wolf, James L.; Geerken, Hartmut (September 1, 2006).
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The Cosmo-Biography of Sun Ra: the Sound of Joy is Enlightening
952:
singers; several dozen of these were reissued in a two-CD set,
507:
In 1934, Blount was offered his first full-time musical job by
2265:
1343:. The footstone reads "Herman Sonny Blount aka Le Sony'r Ra".
1123:
690:, southern African Americans who moved north during and after
2214:
that was his own view of how the African diaspora connected.
759:
In 1948, Blount performed briefly in a trio with saxophonist
706:, with whom he made his recording debut on two 1946 singles,
492:
and other esoteric concepts made a strong impression on him.
303:, the Egyptian god of the Sun). Claiming to be an alien from
3304:"Sun Ra's Arkestra Returns to the Hollywood Theatre in July"
2492:"Afrofuturism: Why black science fiction 'can't be ignored'"
1369:
and later performed under the direction of alto saxophonist
1118:
concert. Sun Ra was featured on the April 19, 1969 cover of
335:. His compositions ranged from keyboard solos to works for
300:
3680:"Afrofuturism: where space, pyramids and politics collide"
2038:
Bill Sebastian, outerspace visual communicator (1978â1980)
740:
In August 1946, Blount earned a lengthy engagement at the
4291:
4060:
The Immeasurable Equation: The Collected Poetry and Prose
3948:"Sun Ra House in Philadelphia Is Now a Historic Landmark"
3923:"The Sun Ra Revival Post Krautrock Archestra from Sydney"
3117:"Horizon â Sun Ra : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards"
2548:"The Last Giant: Marshall Allen Celebrates 94th Birthday"
873:
also did a short stint with the band of the early 1950s.
3893:"The Sun Ra Revival | Free Listening on SoundCloud"
3845:"Cauleen Smith: 17 â Exhibitions â Hyde Park Art Center"
2351:. The collection was assembled by Ra's business manager
1126:
student at San Jose, joined the Arkestra and became its
977:
musicians typically took themselves far too seriously.)
565:
entered public consciousness with the 1947 encounter of
3230:
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
1268:
on 23rd Street, which was the performance venue of the
812:-styled buildings and monuments. He read books such as
2945:(2nd edition). Redwood, NY: Cadence Jazz Books, 2000.
2241:
recorded "Rocket #9" in 1968 for their debut album on
681:
In March 1943, the draft board reclassified Blount as
2423:
Sun Ra: Collected Works Vol. 1: Immeasurable Equation
2202:
movement due to his music, writings and other works.
752:. Blount's arrangements initially showed a degree of
556:
and the world would listen. That's what they told me.
1856:
Danny Davis, alto saxophone, flute (1962â1977, 1985)
1781:(Robert Underwood), drums and percussion (1972â1976)
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5285:
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5019:
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4424:
2577:"Sun Ra â Music Biography, Credits and Discography"
2198:Sun Ra is considered to be an early pioneer of the
1457:. Often overlooked is the range of influences from
730:band and played bump-and-grind music for months in
198:
188:
171:
145:
119:
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1817:Samarai Celestial (Eric Walker), drums (1979â1997)
1775:Atakatune (Stanley Morgan), percussion (1972â1992)
1717:In the 1970s Sun Ra took a liking to the films of
427:distantly related to Elijah Poole, later known as
5602:Burials at Elmwood Cemetery (Birmingham, Alabama)
4118:Space Is the Place: The Lives and Times of Sun Ra
3847:. Hydeparkart.org. March 10, 2013. Archived from
2723:Space Is the Place: The Lives and Times of Sun Ra
2616:Space Is the Place: The Lives and Times of Sun Ra
2425:was published by Phaelos Books in November 2005.
2321:(the main songwriter of British ska revival band
2142:Bassoonist/multireedist James Jacson had studied
1355:The Sun Ra Arkestra performing in London in 2010.
413:Space Is the Place: The Lives and Times of Sun Ra
16:American jazz composer and bandleader (1914â1993)
3986:"Zuberi - The Transmoleculization of Black Folk"
3454:They tried to fool you, now I got to school you.
3416:Tam Fiofori, "Sun Ra: Myth, Music & Media",
3139:
3137:
2834:
2832:
264:, May 22, 1914 â May 30, 1993), better known as
3873:. Solarflareark.wordpress.com. January 12, 2012
2941:Campbell, Robert L., & Trent, Christopher.
2094:
910:In the mid-1950s, Sun Ra and Abraham formed an
545:
4287:The Sun Ra Arkestraâs Maestro Hits One Hundred
3418:Glendora Review, African Quarterly on the Arts
3222:"Scott balances careers as academic, musician"
2421:. Another book of over 260 of Sun Ra's poems,
1757:Yahya Abdul-Majid, tenor saxophone (1980â2020)
532:Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University
515:and toured with Harper's group through the US
403:He was born Herman Blount on May 22, 1914, in
315:music echoed the entire history of jazz, from
5254:
5053:
4878:
4587:The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two
4573:The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One
4307:
2881:Department of Ethnomusicology. Archived from
2868:
2866:
1680:The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One
1569:The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two
1563:The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One
1100:accustomed to long-form psychedelia like the
8:
4993:Wildflowers: The New York Loft Jazz Sessions
4753:Featuring Pharoah Sanders & Black Harold
3472:. University of Chicago Press. p. 206.
1772:, alto saxophone, flute, oboe (1957âpresent)
3753:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3469:Sun Ra's Chicago: Afrofuturism and the City
3042:"Professor Sun Ra â Berkeley Lecture, 1971"
2970:Szwed (1997), p. 219; emphasis in original.
1441:, a sometimes refined touch reminiscent of
5467:20th-century African-American male singers
5261:
5247:
5239:
5060:
5046:
5038:
4885:
4871:
4863:
4314:
4300:
4292:
4279:
4241:
4227:
4213:
3678:Taylor-Stone, Chardine (January 7, 2014).
2050:, double bass, cello, violin (early 1970s)
1945:, various instruments, effects (2006â2009)
1865:Joey DeStefano, alto saxophone (1968â1969)
1653:arranged for a visit to Moogâs factory in
581:. Szwed says that, "even if this story is
38:
27:
5009:Song of Time: Live at the Vision Festival
4160:Ra, Sun (August 1, 2006). Elms, Anthony;
4019:
4017:
3383:Doerschuk, Bob (January 1987). "Sun Ra".
3277:"Lowell Folk Festival 2017 Artist Lineup"
2849:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J347700
2158:, or profound change in outlook. Drummer
1814:Francisco Mora Catlett, drums (1973â1980)
1477:as his favorite composers for the piano.
1229:In 1972, San Francisco public TV station
4934:Ahmed Abdullah and the Solomonic Quintet
4200:, Official site, under the direction of
3407:, Bob Moog Foundation, November 6, 2013.
3359:"Ronnie Boykins (The Will Come, Is Now)"
3279:. lowellfolkfestival.org. Archived from
3044:. Sensitiveskinmagazine.com. May 8, 2011
2330:Philadelphia Register of Historic Places
2180:liberating blacks. But by the heyday of
1661:Notable titles from this period include
1350:
1108:, and elaborate lighting. John Burks of
670:Psychiatrists there described him as "a
4651:Some Blues But Not the Kind That's Blue
2923:The Freedom Principle: Jazz after 1958.
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2570:
2568:
2445:
1147:In early 1971, Sun Ra was appointed as
4263:1968 Sun Ra interview by Dennis Irving
4002:from the original on February 26, 2021
3746:
3715:"CULT '60s: MC5 - 'Kick Out the Jams'"
2725:. New York: Pantheon. pp. 21â22.
1766:(Edward Skinner), drums (1960, 1977â?)
1643:: "Sun Ra first met Robert Moog after
1449:, and angular phrases in the style of
1080:California and world tours (1968â1993)
3630:
3628:
3626:
3577:"Inventor brings 3-D vision to music"
3115:Planer, Lindsay (December 17, 1971).
2902:
2900:
2875:"The Cosmic-Myth Equations of Sun Ra"
2106:He drew on sources as diverse as the
1981:Taylor Richardson, guitar (1979â1983)
1403:Melbourne International Jazz Festival
905:Broadsheets and Streetcorner Leaflets
653:In January 1943, Blount wrote to the
503:Early professional career and college
7:
3220:Schuman, Nicole (October 14, 2004).
2839:Hazell, Ed; Kernfeld, Barry (2003),
2398:Sun Ra â Brother from Another Planet
2231:music and to pioneer solo and group
1905:Tyrone Hill, trombone (1979âpresent)
5667:Improvising Artists Records artists
2278:, which was based on a poem by Ra.
1993:, trombone (1955â1956, 1980sâ1990s)
1957:, percussion, vocals (1987âpresent)
1649:journalist and Sun Ra acquaintance
1453:or brutal, percussive attacks like
618:In October 1942, Blount received a
495:By his teens, Blount suffered from
407:, as discovered by his biographer,
319:and early New Orleans hot jazz, to
5692:Musicians from Birmingham, Alabama
5487:20th-century American keyboardists
5472:20th-century American male singers
4114:Szwed, John F. (August 21, 1998).
4028:(MVD video) | Side Shots Film Blog
3965:Hojsak, Sarah (February 6, 2019).
3822:ya Salaam, Kalamu (October 2015).
3529:"Home entertainment: Talvin Singh"
3438:. Duke University Press. pp.
2675:Jacobson, Mark (October 8, 2007).
2600:Szwed (1999): according to author
2490:Barrett, Gena-mour (May 6, 2018).
2455:"The light still shines on Sun Ra"
1608:is the name of the sun. So I play
1188:, and assorted volumes concerning
1153:University of California, Berkeley
857:(tenor sax) joined the group, and
589:New devotion to music (late 1930s)
411:, and published in his 1998 book,
14:
5632:Experimental big band bandleaders
3824:"The Sun Ra Repatriation Project"
3768:Hoover, Elizabeth (May 4, 2014).
3575:Sullivan, James (April 2, 2013).
3527:Hodgkinson, Will (June 8, 2001).
3357:Hart, Bill (September 30, 2019).
2419:Sun Ra, The Immeasurable Equation
1874:Bruce Edwards. guitar (1983â1993)
1090:New England Conservatory of Music
985:Sun Ra and the Arkestra moved to
415:. He was named after the popular
5697:Jazz musicians from Philadelphia
5617:Deaths from pneumonia in Alabama
5527:American conscientious objectors
4844:Cosmo Omnibus Imagiable Illusion
4531:Art Forms of Dimensions Tomorrow
4030:, Identity Theory blog, May 2009
2943:The Earthly Recordings of Run Ra
630:. He quickly declared himself a
291:, Blount became involved in the
272:composer, bandleader, piano and
5642:American experimental composers
5507:African-American jazz musicians
5482:20th-century American composers
4837:Sunrise in Different Dimensions
4774:It's After the End of the World
4552:Cosmic Tones for Mental Therapy
4517:The Futuristic Sounds of Sun Ra
3713:Biggs, Ed (February 10, 2019).
3183:Watrous, Peter (May 31, 1993).
2453:Silsbee, Kirk (April 4, 2014).
2274:(1969) featured a track called
2134:. Sun Ra's system had distinct
2074:Outer Space Visual Communicator
1853:India Cooke, violin (1990â1995)
1802:Darryl Brown, drums (1970â1972)
1670:Cosmic Tones for Mental Therapy
993:The Futuristic Sound of Sun Ra.
901:The Wisdom of Sun Ra: Sun Ra's
5707:Progressive big band musicians
5637:Experimental big band pianists
5492:20th-century American pianists
3498:"My Night as a Tone Scientist"
3346:. Serpent's Tail. p. 111.
3253:. Icaphila.org. Archived from
3226:University at Buffalo Reporter
2546:Rogers, Toby (June 20, 2018).
2340:, began living there in 1968.
1233:producer John Coney, producer
744:under bandleader and composer
712:Lightning Struck the Poorhouse
655:United States Marshals Service
622:notification that he had been
1:
5582:Avant-garde jazz keyboardists
5477:20th-century American singers
3786:10.1080/17494060.2015.1040142
3006:Courage, Nick (May 5, 2015).
2873:Martinelli, David A. (1991).
2809:Harris, Wynonie (Mr. Blues).
2281:Sun Ra was inducted into the
1725:. The Arkestra's version of "
1398:Institute of Contemporary Art
1373:. A 1999 album led by Allen,
1114:wrote a positive review of a
820:(which argued that classical
628:Military of the United States
614:Draft and wartime experiences
45:
5722:SteepleChase Records artists
5537:American male jazz composers
4767:Nuits de la Fondation Maeght
3302:Ham, Robert (May 14, 2019).
3251:"Pathways to Unknown Worlds"
2295:Filmmaker and visual artist
1760:Fred Adams, trumpet (1981â?)
914:that was generally known as
5672:Jazz musicians from Alabama
5652:Free improvisation pianists
5622:Egyptian mythology in music
5552:American male jazz pianists
5497:20th-century jazz composers
4974:Jazz: A Music of the Spirit
3405:"Sun Ra & the Minimoog"
2516:Wilson, Nancy; et al.
2290:Sun Ra Repatriation Project
1883:Richard Evans, bass (1950s)
1631:; he was given a prototype
1612:music â music of the sun."
1155:, teaching a course called
796:and fringe movements, with
5748:
5597:Blue Thumb Records artists
5577:Avant-garde jazz musicians
5567:American jazz keyboardists
4630:Pathways to Unknown Worlds
4258:1988 interview with Sun Ra
2618:New York: Pantheon, 1997.
2362:
2336:, known for his work with
2332:. One of its inhabitants,
2245:. Sun Ra had given NRBQ's
2128:Ancient Egyptian Mysticism
1933:, drums, (1961â1976, 1983)
1604:is a definite article and
1515:Sun Ra Visits Planet Earth
1358:
981:New York years (1961â1968)
665:. He said he was facing a
18:
5587:Avant-garde jazz pianists
5572:Atavistic Records artists
5532:American jazz bandleaders
5512:African-American pianists
5384:Angels and Demons at Play
5326:Hints on Light and Shadow
5276:
5075:
4900:
4665:Other Voices, Other Blues
4559:When Angels Speak of Love
4503:Angels and Demons at Play
4329:
4063:. BoD â Books on Demand.
3620:Szwed (1998), pp. 386â87.
2315:The Spatial AKA Orchestra
2283:Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame
1862:, trombone (1997âpresent)
1793:, double bass (1957â1974)
1787:, drums (1955â1968, 1979)
1048:Philadelphia years (1968)
698:Chicago years (1945â1961)
577:, who recounted sinister
115:Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
37:
5727:Sub Rosa Records artists
5717:Spiritual jazz musicians
5687:Mainstream jazz pianists
5108:MarkânâMarshall: Tuesday
4601:Monorails and Satellites
4510:We Travel the Space Ways
4087:Raschka, Chris. (2014).
2921:Litweiler, John (1984).
2763:Szwed (1998), pp. 30â31.
2754:Szwed (1998), pp. 28â29.
2518:"Sun Ra: 'Cosmic Swing'"
2175:Sun Ra and black culture
2029:, trumpet (1978âpresent)
2023:, alto sax, flute (1959)
1871:, saxophone (1968, 1989)
1727:Pink Elephants on Parade
1533:We Travel the Space Ways
1329:congestive heart failure
1216:Sun Ra Meets Salah Ragab
1172:Tibetan Book of the Dead
912:independent record label
5562:American male organists
5557:American jazz organists
5542:American jazz composers
5502:A&M Records artists
5452:Sun Ra Arkestra members
5093:MarkânâMarshall: Monday
4958:Traveling the Spaceways
4781:Black Myth/Out in Space
4489:Fate in a Pleasant Mood
4461:The Nubians of Plutonia
3466:Sites, William (2020).
3344:As Serious as your Life
2721:Szwed, John F. (1997).
2647:Szwed, John F. (1997).
2527:. National Public Radio
2233:freeform improvisations
2035:, saxophone (1964â1965)
1943:Dr. VonFiend (musician)
1539:The Nubians of Plutonia
1006:and early followers of
956:, by Evidence Records.
876:In Chicago, Sun Ra met
640:Civilian Public Service
5547:American jazz pianists
4693:Strange Celestial Road
4496:Holiday for Soul Dance
3420:, vol. 3, No. 3 and 4.
3144:Boch, Richard (2017).
2389:Sun Ra: A Joyful Noise
2309:Sun Ra Kills the World
2191:
2104:
1921:, trumpet, (1976â1993)
1893:(1954â1964, 1965â1995)
1811:, electric bass (1976)
1421:in Downtown Brooklyn.
1356:
1278:The Velvet Underground
1116:San Jose State College
1093:
786:Tribute to Stuff Smith
688:Second Great Migration
659:Walker County, Alabama
632:conscientious objector
558:
295:scene during the late
57:Background information
5712:Savoy Records artists
5647:Freak scene musicians
4566:Other Planes of There
4482:Interstellar Low Ways
4041:Points on a Space Age
4026:Points on a Space Age
3668:Szwed (1998), p. 313.
3659:Szwed (1998), p. 311.
3611:Szwed (1998), p. 387.
3602:Szwed (1998), p. 385.
3593:Szwed (1998), p. 297.
3430:Lock, Graham (1999).
3210:Szwed (1998), p. 382.
3150:. Port Townsend, WA:
3031:Szwed (1998), p. 273.
2961:Szwed (1997), p. 219.
2907:Meeder, Christopher.
2431:This Planet Is Doomed
2402:Points on a Space Age
2345:University of Chicago
2186:
2015:Marvin "Bugalu" Smith
1972:, bass clarinet, oboe
1850:, trumpet (1959â1961)
1797:Arthur "Jiunie" Booth
1695:Other Planes of There
1521:Interstellar Low Ways
1354:
1157:The Black Man In the
1087:
963:-themed costumes and
716:My Baby's Barrelhouse
575:Barney and Betty Hill
382:and his early use of
358:costumes inspired by
5592:Big band bandleaders
5228:Surrender to the Air
4823:Live from Soundscape
4475:Sound Sun Pleasure!!
3558:Visual Music Systems
3496:(October 23, 2006).
3329:Szwed (1998), p. 28.
2885:on February 22, 2008
2799:Szwed (1998), p. 46.
2790:Szwed (1998), p. 44,
2781:Szwed (1998), p. 43.
2772:Szwed (1998), p. 33.
2745:Szwed (1998), p. 10.
2711:Szwed (1998), p. 17.
2702:Szwed (1998), p. 12.
2317:, formed in 2006 by
2218:Influence and legacy
1629:electronic keyboards
1407:Lowell Folk Festival
1337:circulatory problems
1199:, and other topics.
1190:Egyptian hieroglyphs
899:and Anthony Elms as
770:Sound Sun Pleasure!!
384:electronic keyboards
5682:Leo Records artists
5223:The Sun Ra Arkestra
5113:with Mark Whitecage
5001:Live at Ali's Alley
4851:Thunder of the Gods
4700:Reflections in Blue
4454:Visits Planet Earth
4198:The Sun Ra Arkestra
3063:Westergaard, Sean.
3008:"Mazzy Star Batman"
2860:Szwed (1998), p. 4.
2433:, was published by
2338:The Sun Ra Arkestra
2168:Space is the Place.
1939:, drums (1973â1974)
1909:Tommy "Bugs" Hunter
1889:, tenor saxophone,
1641:Bob Moog Foundation
1639:. According to the
1361:The Sun Ra Arkestra
1333:respiratory failure
1258:Saturday Night Live
1149:artist-in-residence
1092:, February 27, 1992
405:Birmingham, Alabama
368:The Sun Ra Arkestra
287:Born and raised in
262:Herman Poole Blount
210:Thoth Intergalactic
99:Birmingham, Alabama
67:Herman Poole Blount
5657:Free jazz pianists
5607:BYG Actuel artists
5392:Jazz in Silhouette
4623:Space Is The Place
4615:Space Is the Place
4545:When Sun Comes Out
4538:Secrets of the Sun
4468:Jazz in Silhouette
4416:Danny Ray Thompson
4250:Space is the Place
3903:on January 6, 2017
3719:thestudentplaylist
3564:on April 20, 2016.
3190:The New York Times
2987:. February 4, 2006
2817:. Bullet Recording
2654:The New York Times
2376:Space Is the Place
2365:Sun Ra discography
2349:Regenstein Library
2305:Realm Beyond Realm
2150:) and Ra's use of
1729:" is available on
1708:Fletcher Henderson
1701:Philadelphia phase
1691:Secrets of the Sun
1675:When Sun Comes Out
1627:and other various
1583:free improvisation
1545:Jazz In Silhouette
1357:
1298:The Lounge Lizards
1292:'s Factory days),
1240:Space Is the Place
1186:The Book of Oahspe
1094:
1062:Danny Ray Thompson
938:in 1957, entitled
936:Transition Records
927:Jazz In Silhouette
794:political activism
746:Fletcher Henderson
720:Drinking By Myself
475:Parker High School
448:Fletcher Henderson
376:free improvisation
282:experimental music
268:, was an American
5662:Hard bop pianists
5434:
5433:
5387:(1956 & 1960)
5338:In Deep End Dance
5236:
5235:
5202:
5183:
5162:The All-Star Game
5145:
5114:
5102:
5035:
5034:
4860:
4859:
4524:Bad and Beautiful
4254:, Outer Spaceways
4183:978-0-945323-07-5
4152:978-3-8334-2659-9
4133:978-0-306-80855-5
4106:978-0-7636-5806-9
4070:978-3-8334-2659-9
3774:Jazz Perspectives
3741:Kick Out The Jams
3502:The Kramer Report
3449:978-0-8223-2440-9
3161:978-1-62731-051-2
2951:978-1-881993-35-3
2925:Da Capo, p. 141.
2811:"Dig This Boogie"
2624:978-0-679-43589-1
2525:NPR Jazz Profiles
2271:Kick Out the Jams
2132:Black nationalism
2060:Clifford Thornton
1880:, trumpet (1960s)
1723:Walt Disney World
1712:Jelly Roll Morton
1635:by its inventor,
1415:Hollywood Theater
930:(1959). Producer
916:El Saturn Records
826:European cultures
814:George G.M. James
667:nervous breakdown
620:selective service
599:Leonardo da Vinci
252:
251:
5739:
5702:New-age pianists
5627:ESP-Disk artists
5360:Super-Sonic Jazz
5263:
5256:
5249:
5240:
5211:Related articles
5193:
5166:
5132:
5112:
5097:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5039:
5020:Related articles
4887:
4880:
4873:
4864:
4809:Live In Montreux
4440:Super-Sonic Jazz
4340:Arkestra members
4316:
4309:
4302:
4293:
4283:
4245:
4231:
4217:
4187:
4156:
4137:
4121:
4110:
4097:Candlewick Press
4094:
4075:
4074:
4057:Ra, Sun (2005).
4054:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4001:
3990:
3984:Zuberi, Nabeel.
3981:
3975:
3974:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3899:. Archived from
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3752:
3744:
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3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3695:
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3675:
3669:
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3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3632:
3621:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3581:The Boston Globe
3572:
3566:
3565:
3560:. Archived from
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3508:on June 11, 2007
3504:. Archived from
3490:
3484:
3483:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3437:
3427:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3309:Portland Mercury
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3283:on July 30, 2017
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3202:
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3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3012:The Paris Review
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2939:
2933:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2909:Jazz: the Basics
2904:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2870:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2815:Internet Archive
2806:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2752:
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2737:
2736:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2700:
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2672:
2666:
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2663:
2661:
2644:
2627:
2612:
2606:
2598:
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2591:
2589:
2587:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2450:
2068:, singer, violin
1955:Elson Nascimento
1527:Super-Sonic Jazz
1411:Portland, Oregon
1375:Song for the Sun
1341:Elmwood Cemetery
1194:African American
1181:The Two Babylons
1176:Alexander Hislop
1164:Madame Blavatsky
1031:Batman and Robin
921:Super-Sonic Jazz
822:Greek philosophy
810:ancient Egyptian
431:, leader of the
360:ancient Egyptian
191:
112:
95:
93:
74:
64:
50:
47:
42:
28:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5344:
5281:
5272:
5270:Julian Priester
5267:
5237:
5232:
5206:
5149:
5135:Roscoe Mitchell
5080:
5071:
5066:
5036:
5031:
5015:
4980:
4905:
4896:
4891:
4861:
4856:
4788:Live in Egypt 1
4740:
4686:Sleeping Beauty
4594:Strange Strings
4420:
4391:Clifford Jarvis
4381:James Spaulding
4351:Julian Priester
4325:
4320:
4265:(also known as
4237:discography at
4223:discography at
4194:
4184:
4159:
4153:
4140:
4134:
4113:
4107:
4086:
4083:
4078:
4071:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4038:
4034:
4022:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3954:. May 16, 2022.
3946:
3945:
3941:
3931:
3929:
3927:Artisttrove.com
3921:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3904:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3876:
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3869:
3868:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3843:
3842:
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3826:
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3806:
3804:
3767:
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3663:
3658:
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3644:
3642:
3634:
3633:
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3619:
3615:
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3606:
3601:
3597:
3592:
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3574:
3573:
3569:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3415:
3411:
3402:
3398:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3363:The Vinyl Press
3356:
3355:
3351:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3257:on July 3, 2010
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3162:
3154:. p. 268.
3143:
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3099:
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3087:
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3026:
3016:
3014:
3005:
3004:
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2979:
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2956:
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2920:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2872:
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2807:
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2798:
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2715:
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2706:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2646:
2645:
2630:
2614:Szwed, John F.
2613:
2609:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2552:Black Star News
2545:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2479:
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2465:
2463:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2414:Sun Ra Research
2410:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2220:
2196:
2177:
2085:
2076:
2071:
2033:Pharoah Sanders
2021:James Spaulding
1991:Julian Priester
1951:, guitar (2006)
1931:Clifford Jarvis
1902:, drums, (1989)
1831:Vincent Chancey
1743:
1703:
1578:
1486:
1461:â Sun Ra cited
1459:classical music
1451:Thelonious Monk
1427:
1363:
1349:
1309:
1082:
1050:
1020:Thelonious Monk
1016:Dizzy Gillespie
1004:beat generation
983:
961:science fiction
867:Julian Priester
865:and trombonist
863:James Spaulding
761:Coleman Hawkins
724:Dig This Boogie
708:Dig This Boogie
700:
616:
591:
540:
505:
433:Nation of Islam
429:Elijah Muhammad
419:stage magician
401:
396:
362:attire and the
255:
248:
189:
184:
167:
141:
114:
110:
97:
91:
89:
72:
62:
52:
48:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5745:
5743:
5735:
5734:
5732:Swing pianists
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5439:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5424:Somewhere Else
5420:
5412:
5404:
5396:
5388:
5380:
5372:
5368:Jazz by Sun Ra
5364:
5355:
5353:
5346:
5345:
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5177:William Parker
5157:
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5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:Scott Robinson
5139:Milford Graves
5124:
5116:
5104:
5100:Mark Whitecage
5088:
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5076:
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5072:
5069:Marshall Allen
5067:
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4894:Ahmed Abdullah
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4724:
4721:Somewhere Else
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4580:The Magic City
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4433:Jazz by Sun Ra
4428:
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4422:
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4419:
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4413:
4411:Ahmed Abdullah
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
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4376:Ronnie Boykins
4373:
4371:Marshall Allen
4368:
4366:Victor Sproles
4363:
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4202:Marshall Allen
4193:
4192:External links
4190:
4189:
4188:
4182:
4176:: WhiteWalls.
4157:
4151:
4145:. Waitawhile.
4138:
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3914:
3897:Soundcloud.com
3884:
3862:
3851:on May 6, 2013
3836:
3814:
3780:(2): 223â231.
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3089:Loewy, Steve.
3081:
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2934:
2914:
2911:. p. 148.
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2575:Yanow, Scott.
2564:
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2368:
2363:Main article:
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2334:Marshall Allen
2256:Marshall Allen
2219:
2216:
2195:
2192:
2176:
2173:
2160:Andrew Cyrille
2156:paradigm shift
2112:Rosicrucianism
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
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2030:
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2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1946:
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1934:
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1919:Ahmed Abdullah
1916:
1913:sound engineer
1906:
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1894:
1884:
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1875:
1872:
1866:
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1840:Damon Choice,
1838:
1828:
1825:pocket trumpet
1818:
1815:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1791:Ronnie Boykins
1788:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1770:Marshall Allen
1767:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1742:
1739:
1702:
1699:
1664:The Magic City
1577:
1576:New York phase
1574:
1557:The Magic City
1552:Ronnie Boykins
1498:Duke Ellington
1485:
1482:
1426:
1423:
1371:Marshall Allen
1359:Main article:
1348:
1345:
1308:
1305:
1088:Sun Ra at the
1081:
1078:
1049:
1046:
982:
979:
941:Jazz by Sun Ra
859:Marshall Allen
763:and violinist
704:Wynonie Harris
699:
696:
615:
612:
590:
587:
579:UFO abductions
571:George Adamski
567:Kenneth Arnold
563:flying saucers
539:
538:Trip to Saturn
536:
504:
501:
497:cryptorchidism
452:Duke Ellington
400:
397:
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392:
344:Marshall Allen
280:known for his
254:Musical artist
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113:(aged 79)
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77:Le Sony'r Ra (
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21:Sun Rise Above
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5523:
5522:Afrofuturists
5520:
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5320:
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5307:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5294:Keep Swingin'
5291:
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5284:
5280:
5275:
5271:
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5259:
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5250:
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5196:Matthew Shipp
5191:
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5085:Studio albums
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4910:Studio albums
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4735:Mayan Temples
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4427:
4425:Studio albums
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4396:Lex Humphries
4394:
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4389:
4387:
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4379:
4377:
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4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:Charles Davis
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4171:
4167:
4163:
4162:Corbett, John
4158:
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4148:
4144:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4124:Da Capo Press
4120:
4119:
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4108:
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4018:
4014:
4006:September 30,
3998:
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3732:
3724:September 30,
3720:
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3697:
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3549:
3546:
3538:September 25,
3534:
3530:
3523:
3520:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3494:Kramer, Wayne
3489:
3486:
3481:
3479:9780226732244
3475:
3471:
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3462:
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3455:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:Thom Holmes,
3400:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3379:
3376:
3368:September 30,
3364:
3360:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3311:
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3305:
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3252:
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3207:
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3192:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3147:The Mudd Club
3140:
3138:
3134:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3108:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3070:
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3059:
3056:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2986:
2985:blog.wfmu.org
2982:
2976:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2958:
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2948:
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2935:
2932:
2931:0-306-80377-1
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2884:
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2842:
2841:Patrick, Pat
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2639:
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2621:
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2611:
2608:
2603:
2602:Norman Mailer
2597:
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2549:
2542:
2539:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2480:Szwed, p. 83.
2477:
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2432:
2428:
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2353:Alton Abraham
2350:
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2341:
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2335:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:Jerry Dammers
2316:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2297:Cauleen Smith
2293:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2279:
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2273:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2227:, to explore
2226:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2212:built a world
2207:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:non sequiturs
2149:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2082:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:Rollo Radford
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:, double bass
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:Billy Higgins
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:bass clarinet
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
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1870:
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1801:
1799:, double bass
1798:
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1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:multireedists
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1573:
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1517:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1484:Chicago phase
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:boogie woogie
1424:
1422:
1420:
1419:BRIC JazzFest
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
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1353:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1311:Sun Ra had a
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:Squat Theatre
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1249:San Francisco
1246:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:Live in Egypt
1205:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:Rolling Stone
1117:
1113:
1112:
1111:Rolling Stone
1107:
1103:
1102:Grateful Dead
1099:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:Slug's Saloon
996:
995:
994:
988:
987:New York City
980:
978:
976:
975:
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
942:
937:
933:
929:
928:
923:
922:
917:
913:
908:
906:
904:
898:
893:
889:
888:
883:
879:
878:Alton Abraham
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
836:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
818:Stolen Legacy
815:
811:
807:
806:proselytizing
804:, and others
803:
802:Black Hebrews
799:
798:Black Muslims
795:
790:
788:
787:
782:
778:
777:
772:
771:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
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713:
709:
705:
697:
695:
693:
689:
684:
679:
677:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
613:
611:
607:
604:
600:
596:
595:Thomas Edison
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
557:
554:
550:
544:
537:
535:
533:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
502:
500:
498:
493:
491:
487:
486:Masonic Lodge
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:sight reading
440:
438:
434:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:John F. Szwed
406:
398:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
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334:
330:
326:
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302:
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197:
193:
187:
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177:
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150:
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144:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
122:
118:
108:
104:
100:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:Also known as
70:
66:
60:
55:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
5677:Jive singers
5517:Afrofuturism
5422:
5416:Purple Night
5414:
5408:Blue Delight
5406:
5398:
5390:
5382:
5376:Sound of Joy
5374:
5366:
5358:
5350:
5336:
5324:
5318:Polarization
5316:
5308:
5302:Spiritsville
5300:
5292:
5278:
5217:
5187:
5160:
5126:
5118:
5106:
5091:
5077:
5026:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4950:Actual Proof
4948:
4940:
4932:
4926:Liquid Magic
4924:
4918:Life's Force
4916:
4902:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4733:
4728:Purple Night
4726:
4719:
4714:Blue Delight
4712:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4617:(soundtrack)
4614:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4447:Sound of Joy
4445:
4438:
4431:
4346:John Gilmore
4339:
4338:
4322:
4277:Find a Grave
4267:Denys Irving
4249:
4165:
4142:
4117:
4090:
4059:
4052:
4040:
4035:
4025:
4024:DVD Review:
4004:. Retrieved
3992:
3979:
3970:
3960:
3951:
3942:
3930:. Retrieved
3926:
3917:
3905:. Retrieved
3901:the original
3896:
3887:
3875:. Retrieved
3865:
3853:. Retrieved
3849:the original
3839:
3827:. Retrieved
3817:
3805:. Retrieved
3777:
3773:
3763:
3740:
3739:MC5 (1969).
3734:
3722:. Retrieved
3718:
3708:
3699:
3689:November 11,
3687:. Retrieved
3683:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3639:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3570:
3562:the original
3557:
3548:
3536:. Retrieved
3533:The Guardian
3532:
3522:
3510:. Retrieved
3506:the original
3501:
3488:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3433:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3399:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3362:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3325:
3313:. Retrieved
3307:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3281:the original
3271:
3259:. Retrieved
3255:the original
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3225:
3215:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3188:
3178:
3146:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:
3110:
3098:. Retrieved
3094:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3068:
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3036:
3027:
3017:November 30,
3015:. Retrieved
3011:
3001:
2991:November 30,
2989:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2942:
2937:
2922:
2917:
2908:
2887:. Retrieved
2883:the original
2856:
2840:
2819:. Retrieved
2814:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2722:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2688:November 17,
2686:. Retrieved
2680:
2670:
2660:November 17,
2658:. Retrieved
2652:
2615:
2610:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2580:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2524:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2495:
2485:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2458:
2448:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2408:Bibliography
2401:
2397:
2387:
2384:Robert Mugge
2381:
2374:
2373:
2342:
2327:
2323:The Specials
2313:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2260:
2237:
2221:
2208:
2204:
2200:Afrofuturism
2197:
2194:Afrofuturism
2187:
2178:
2167:
2165:
2151:
2144:Zen Buddhism
2141:
2105:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2042:Talvin Singh
2009:Buster Smith
1961:Bob Northern
1949:Wayne Kramer
1937:Donald Jones
1925:James Jacson
1887:John Gilmore
1869:Arthur Doyle
1785:Robert Barry
1750:Jiunie Booth
1747:
1744:
1730:
1716:
1704:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1644:
1625:synthesizers
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:Butch Morris
1587:
1579:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1487:
1479:
1475:Shostakovich
1467:Rachmaninoff
1455:Cecil Taylor
1435:stride piano
1428:
1391:
1383:Dick Griffin
1374:
1367:John Gilmore
1364:
1347:The Arkestra
1325:
1310:
1302:
1274:Debbie Harry
1263:
1256:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1179:
1156:
1146:
1135:
1132:
1128:vibraphonist
1119:
1109:
1095:
1070:
1058:Philadelphia
1051:
1043:
1039:Batman Theme
1030:
1028:
1023:
1013:
997:
991:
984:
972:
958:
953:
939:
925:
919:
909:
900:
897:John Corbett
885:
875:
855:John Gilmore
852:
848:Muhammad Ali
837:
830:
817:
791:
784:
774:
768:
758:
739:
732:Calumet City
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
701:
692:World War II
680:
676:intellectual
672:psychopathic
652:
648:
644:Pennsylvania
617:
608:
592:
559:
546:
541:
529:
525:
509:Ethel Harper
506:
494:
479:
466:
460:
441:
437:Blue Delight
436:
425:
421:Black Herman
412:
402:
388:synthesizers
372:
348:John Gilmore
341:
309:Afrofuturism
293:Chicago jazz
286:
276:player, and
265:
261:
258:Le Sony'r Ra
257:
256:
190:Years active
132:experimental
111:(1993-05-30)
109:May 30, 1993
96:May 22, 1914
25:
5462:1993 deaths
5457:1914 births
5189:Night Logic
5173:Kidd Jordan
5169:Hamid Drake
5154:Live albums
5128:Flow States
4985:Live albums
4966:Tara's Song
4745:Live albums
4707:Hours After
4644:Deep Purple
4401:Michael Ray
4386:Phil Cohran
4356:Pat Patrick
4334:Discography
4239:MusicBrainz
3932:January 13,
3907:January 13,
3829:October 18,
3743:. Elecktra.
3645:December 6,
3340:Wilmer, Val
3152:Feral House
2466:December 6,
2435:Kicks Books
2370:Filmography
2359:Discography
2252:Pat Patrick
2247:Terry Adams
2225:polyrhythms
2182:Black Power
2124:Freemasonry
2054:Tani Tabbal
2027:Michael Ray
2003:Knoel Scott
1985:Pat Patrick
1965:french horn
1915:(1951â1990)
1848:Phil Cohran
1837:(1976â1995)
1835:French horn
1827:(1983â1990)
1735:Hal Willner
1719:Walt Disney
1655:Trumansburg
1651:Tam Fiofori
1637:Robert Moog
1617:world music
1447:Ahmad Jamal
1443:Count Basie
1379:Jimmy Hopps
1377:, featured
1335:, strokes,
1317:Sonic Youth
1290:Andy Warhol
1270:avant-garde
1220:Egypt Strut
1204:Salah Ragab
1168:Henry Dumas
1106:fire-eaters
1056:section of
1011:uncommon).
1008:psychedelia
974:avant garde
965:headdresses
954:The Singles
924:(1957) and
871:Von Freeman
833:Pat Patrick
776:Deep Purple
765:Stuff Smith
742:Club DeLisa
735:strip clubs
583:revisionist
513:trade union
490:Freemasonry
456:Fats Waller
321:swing music
313:avant-garde
274:synthesizer
229:Black Saint
172:Instruments
146:Occupations
5612:Contactees
5441:Categories
5400:Lanquidity
5331:Sam Rivers
5310:Love, Love
5200:Joe Morris
5181:Alan Silva
4942:Dedication
4830:I, Pharaoh
4760:Nothing Is
4679:Lanquidity
4406:June Tyson
4081:References
2732:0679435891
2557:August 19,
2120:numerology
2116:channeling
2089:world view
2083:Philosophy
2066:June Tyson
2062:, trombone
2048:Alan Silva
1878:Eddie Gale
1860:Dave Davis
1842:vibraphone
1821:Don Cherry
1764:Luqman Ali
1731:Stay Awake
1600:, because
1510:modal jazz
1471:Schoenberg
1294:John Lurie
1261:(S3 E20).
1235:Jim Newman
1054:Germantown
1033:under the
932:Tom Wilson
840:slave name
781:Billy Bang
750:Marl Young
553:teleported
482:honor roll
417:vaudeville
399:Early life
380:modal jazz
356:futuristic
352:June Tyson
152:Bandleader
92:1914-05-22
79:legal name
63:Birth name
4658:New Steps
3952:Pitchfork
3802:191742777
3794:1749-4060
3749:cite book
3554:"The OVC"
3170:972429558
2626:; p. xvii
2437:in 2011.
2394:Don Letts
2285:in 1979.
2087:Sun Ra's
1970:Eloe Omoe
1911:, drums,
1809:Tony Bunn
1741:Musicians
1321:emphysema
1282:John Cale
1035:pseudonym
969:space age
903:Polemical
892:book club
882:esoterica
844:Malcolm X
728:Lil Green
657:from the
636:Hitlerism
626:into the
551:... they
517:Southeast
469:jazz and
394:Biography
364:Space Age
337:big bands
329:free jazz
206:El Saturn
194:1934â1993
178:Keyboards
4608:Atlantis
4211:AllMusic
4174:Illinois
4164:(eds.).
3997:Archived
3807:March 1,
3684:Guardian
3393:(1): 65.
3386:Keyboard
3342:(2018).
3287:July 30,
3121:AllMusic
3095:AllMusic
3069:AllMusic
2682:New York
2581:AllMusic
2460:LA Times
2276:Starship
2243:Columbia
2108:Kabbalah
2044:, tablas
1976:John Ore
1844:(1974â?)
1779:Ayé Aton
1686:Atlantis
1646:Downbeat
1633:Minimoog
1506:hard bop
1490:big band
1197:folklore
1137:de facto
1066:Infinity
907:(2006).
887:de facto
661:jail in
642:camp in
603:Napoleon
463:big band
224:ESP-Disk
214:Impulse!
158:arranger
155:composer
44:Sun Ra,
5333:, 1996)
5203:, 2010)
5184:, 2000)
5146:, 2015)
5115:, 1998)
5103:, 1998)
4802:Horizon
4795:Nidhamu
4672:Visions
4225:Discogs
4170:Chicago
3993:Amherst
3877:May 20,
3855:May 20,
3640:ubu.com
3512:May 31,
3315:May 27,
3261:May 20,
3235:May 31,
3196:June 1,
3126:May 20,
3100:May 20,
3074:May 20,
3048:May 20,
2889:May 30,
2821:May 25,
2586:May 20,
2531:June 1,
2521:(radio)
2262:Detroit
2136:Gnostic
2102:stars.'
2056:, drums
2017:, drums
2011:, drums
1598:p-h-r-e
1245:Oakland
1224:Horizon
1212:Nidhamu
1098:Hippies
950:R&B
946:doo wop
624:drafted
521:Midwest
471:R&B
317:ragtime
289:Alabama
244:Rounder
234:A&M
5447:Sun Ra
5427:(1989)
5419:(1989)
5411:(1988)
5403:(1978)
5395:(1959)
5379:(1956)
5371:(1956)
5363:(1956)
5351:Sun Ra
5341:(2002)
5329:(with
5321:(1977)
5313:(1973)
5305:(1960)
5297:(1960)
5286:Albums
5218:Sun Ra
5179:, and
5141:, and
5123:(1999)
5120:PoZest
5027:Sun Ra
5012:(2001)
5004:(1978)
4996:(1976)
4977:(2019)
4969:(2004)
4961:(2004)
4953:(1999)
4945:(1997)
4937:(1987)
4929:(1987)
4921:(1979)
4637:Cosmos
4323:Sun Ra
4273:Sun Ra
4235:Sun Ra
4221:Sun Ra
4207:Sun Ra
4180:
4149:
4130:
4103:
4067:
3800:
3792:
3476:
3446:
3168:
3158:
2949:
2929:
2729:
2622:
2501:May 6,
2130:, and
1999:, bass
1566:, and
1508:, and
1463:Chopin
1313:stroke
1288:(from
1170:, the
1159:Cosmos
1142:C.O.D.
1024:swings
714:, and
663:Jasper
601:, and
549:Saturn
467:ad hoc
454:, and
333:fusion
305:Saturn
266:Sun Ra
260:(born
199:Labels
181:vocals
161:artist
120:Genres
101:, U.S.
49:
32:Sun Ra
5349:with
5194:with
5167:with
5133:with
5098:with
4816:Unity
4000:(PDF)
3989:(PDF)
3798:S2CID
2441:Notes
2229:modal
2148:koans
1502:bebop
1493:swing
1439:blues
1425:Music
1307:Death
754:bebop
325:bebop
297:1940s
137:space
5198:and
4252:film
4178:ISBN
4147:ISBN
4128:ISBN
4101:ISBN
4065:ISBN
4046:IMDb
4008:2021
3971:WXPN
3934:2017
3909:2017
3879:2013
3857:2013
3831:2015
3809:2022
3790:ISSN
3755:link
3726:2021
3691:2014
3647:2021
3540:2012
3514:2008
3474:ISBN
3444:ISBN
3370:2021
3317:2019
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