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Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry

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328:] this clear." Holzman wrote that "a good proportion" of the book's translations "seem to" originate from doctoral dissertations that had been written by graduate students who had attended universities in the United States. Holzman argued that because these students had "taken the time and the trouble to familiarize themselves with the lives and works of the poets whose poems they have translated" they "should be more likely to give us a feeling of what the poem is really about than a translator who approaches the poem as a disincarnated "verbal object"." Therefore he argues that the poems written by the students were "the most precious in the volume". Due to space limitations, the names of many translators are not included in this volume. 1297: 291:, wrote that this work makes up for the lack of Tang works in earlier anthologies. Schliepp wrote that despite the fact that the Yuan dynasty was a short period, it was "well represented" but instead of by classical meters it is by popular form. Schliepp stated that because, as of 1976 "sufficient qualities of Sung verse are just beginning to be produced" the Song dynasty "is still not adequately represented" despite "its years and volume of verse". 169:
author indexes, tunetitle indexes, and a table of dynasties. The book contains an index of authors and two appendices. The book has almost 100 pages of background information on poems and poets. The book includes introductory sections and bibliographies. The articles in the "Background on poets and poems" were contributed by the translators, and those articles and the bibliographies appended by the editors are in the end portion of the book.
1309: 1285: 342:, wrote that "on the whole the standard of readability is high" but that due to the large volume of poems and the multiple translators involved, "it is inevitable that the rate of success should vary." G. W. added that because most translators were scholars working in universities, "there is perhaps generally more accent on accuracy of detail than on poetic recreation". 429:, stating that "many" of the translators "tolerate gross awkwardness and the worse use an ugly telegram style which is less translating than glossing", and that "few" of the translators "seem to attempt control of their rhythms even informally". Schliepp stated that the "outstanding" exceptions to these issues were the translations of 259:
The collection sometimes chose lesser known works from famous Chinese poets instead of more well-known, typical poems featured in Chinese poetry collections. The lesser known poets chronicled in this work originated from several sources, including the 5th century, the 6th century, the early and late
179:
Upton wrote that "perhaps" the book's "greatest problem" results from the book catering to potential audiences. She states that the book does not provide phonological information even though it has "a brief assurance" that Chinese poetry uses "auditory devices" and that the "total absence of comment
168:
The book includes around 1,000 poems, 88 pages of notes, and a bibliography. I. Y. Lo wrote the introduction, which discusses his view on the differences between Chinese poetry and Western poetry. The notes are about the backgrounds of collections and poets and they vary in length. The book includes
466:
Holzman wrote that while the book has "a substantial amount of worthwhile translations and that it thus deserves serious consideration", he believed that it was "extremely uneven, perhaps even disappointing taken as a whole". Holzman concluded that "there is good work with the mediocre and the bad,
312:
Holzman wrote that the anthology "gives such a broad view to the whole Chinese poetic tradition", which he describes as the "best part", and that it includes "so many poems" including "so many hitherto untranslated poems by so many poets, many of whom have been completely neglected by translators."
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The editors had each poem translation examined with the original text by three readers. Each poem includes a reference indicating the source of the poem, stated after the end of the poem. Upton wrote that "The sources cited tend also to be well-known and easily available editions as well". The book
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In regards to new translations of previous work, Schliepp stated that he is favorable to their inclusion because they improve over old versions or "for comparison's sake", but he argued that "the necessity to re-translate certain standard pieces—indispensable to anthologies of this scope—give them
321:
The book states that over fifty translators who were had contributed to this work and that they were "East Asian specialists on the faculty of American or Canadian colleges and universities, or younger scholars who have received many years of graduate training in the language." Holzman states that
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was the "worst offender". Holzman stated that some of the translation mistakes may have been deliberate, "although this is sometimes difficult to determine." According to Holzman, in some cases "translators constantly allow themselves word for word renderings that they must realize will be
393:
In regards to the translations Holzman argued that "Some of the translations are extremely good and most of them, even some of those containing whoppers, will be useful to sinologues: it is always interesting to see how others have understood these difficult texts,
380:
However Holzman believed many translations of poems in other periods were difficult to understand and that he had to consult Chinese texts in order to understand the poems. He believed that some translators did not understand the original poems in Chinese and that
458:
Sunday Book Review Supplement. Due to the review, the book's first printing sold out within a period of several weeks. This review, printed on the first page of the supplement, was described by Holzman as "eulogistic". Raffel wrote that
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poems from periods after the Song dynasty. Most of the translations were commissioned, and therefore made for this book. Some of the translations are new translations of material that had previously been translated by other individuals.
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Raffel argued that the poems "cannot, for the most part, be read as poetry" and therefore, instead of the translations of poems that had been previously, the intended audience would find the prior translations preferable.
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About one third of the verses in the story originate from the Tang dynasty, making it the most well-represented dynasty in the collection. The Tang poems include works from minor poets. Wayne Schliepp, a book reviewer for
406:] self." Holzman wrote that little of the poetry "gives pleasure simply as poetry" and that "too much of it seems more interested in being "poetry in its own right" than conveying the meaning of the original. 437:, Shen Yue, and Wen Tingyun. He added that the work of about twenty other translators, the majority of whom were under 40 years of age, was "sound" and that these translators "frequently achieve felicity". 255:
The editors had a preference for poems that had not been previously translated into English. For many of the poems these translations were the first time they had been translated into a Western language.
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Upton stated that "predictably" there is a variation of quality in translation, and that "the only really annoying "mistakes" are those which appear to have been taken from earlier translators."
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and Chinese provinces in the late summer period, sunflowers had been introduced to China in a recent period and therefore sunflowers are rare in Chinese poetry except for the most recent poetry.
313:
Upton wrote that the inclusion of more obscure poems was a "refreshing feature", and she stated that the references to the translations are "one of the most laudable features of the book".
489: 338: 474:, and all those who worked with them, have largely wasted their time and ours, and the publishers' money. They meant to do what they did, but what they did is not worth doing." 421:, lexical level clichés of verse translation, and obscurity not present in the original Chinese. He also stated that there were hackneyed participles and vague structures, both 322:
the book meant to say "specialists of East Asia" and that "the language" "is presumably Chinese, although nothing in the context, and in some of the translations, make [
1245: 594: 377:. Holzman argued that the translations of the earliest poems "are straightforward enough and are generally in agreement with the standard translations of and ." 1221: 390:
way." Holzman stated that the "deliberate disregard for what the Chinese text is saying" in some translations is what "disfigures this collection most."
180:
upon the phonological changes which have occurred in Chinese" during the time period of the poems covered in the anthology was "even more disturbing".
73:. Wu-chi Liu served as the anthology's senior editor. As of 2002, the book had been widely used in Asian literature studies. In 2002 Stacy Finz of the 991: 562: 484: 1339: 130:. The texts published in the Chinese language anthology do not always coincide with the ones used by the translators of the English anthology. 1344: 722:
Holzman, p. 331. "P.S. The Chinese texts for the poems translated here have been published by the Indiana University Press under the title
297:
is the individual with the largest quantity of poems in this book. The book has two times the number of Du Fu's poems compared to those of
386:
incomprehensible to the reader who knows no Chinese, and I suppose they do so because they think they are being terribly "poetic", in an
1334: 833:
Holzman, p. 321-322. "especially if, as is the case here, many of the poems are translated into a Western language for the first time."
750:
Holzman, p. 322. "The best part of this anthology is that it gives such a broad view of the whole Chinese poetic tradition, from the
176:: for the Western reader the differences are more important than the similarities." Raffel wrote that the introduction was "skimpy". 956: 91:, the intended audience was for students of Chinese poetry at universities and high schools. Beth Upton, a book reviewer for the 1106: 30: 467:
and the very great number of first translations will make this book useful to all sinologues interested in Chinese poetry."
726:葵曄集 (288 pp.), but, strangely enough, the texts published here do not always coincide with these used by the translators!" 38: 234:. The poems originate from 140 authors. The anthology was written to showcase all genres and periods. The genres include 1030: 984: 1349: 413:
Schliepp wrote that the poems have "high standards of translation" but there are diction errors such as "distracting
102:
A companion volume in the Chinese language, also co-edited by Wu-chi Liu and Irving Lo, was published. It is titled
1329: 1275: 156:, wrote that the choice of the title of the anthology was inappropriate because while, in 1978, sunflowers grew in 641: 345:
Holzman stated that the best translations were poems from poets who were not as well known, including over 20 by
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through the present. The time periods of the poems have a range of 3,000 years, with poems ranging from the
75: 172:
Holzman wrote that "Professor Lo's insistence upon the differences between "Western" and Chinese poetry is
1216: 1019: 147: 70: 441:
considerable difficulties both as regards representation of the periods and quality of translations."
104:
K'uei Yeh Chi (Chinese Language edition of Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry)
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Holzman, D. "Sunflower Splendor. Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry." (book review)
1000: 350: 205: 99:"is obviously aimed at the intelligent amateur as well as the student and specialist." 1323: 1289: 505: 152: 22: 1308: 1313: 1301: 1185: 1134: 762: 598: 522: 414: 374: 370: 269: 261: 248: 217: 213: 209: 201: 189: 143: 87: 66: 590: 400:] always easier to correct them than to take the first plunge one's [ 1192: 1178: 1171: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 774: 768: 460: 430: 354: 346: 242: 236: 197: 193: 173: 82: 760:: never before has a single volume contained the translation of so many poems ( 498: 1148: 1038: 936: 757: 387: 231: 26: 85:
edited and translated the work, and according to Burton Raffel, reviewer for
358: 1284: 1141: 418: 362: 517: 537: 301:(Li Bo), and four times the number of Du Fu poems compared to those of 157: 557: 527: 1099: 566:, ISSN 0003-0279, 10/1978, Volume 98, Issue 4, pp. 523 – 524. - 547: 426: 422: 366: 306: 298: 46: 567: 546:, ISSN 0030-851X, 10/1976, Volume 49, Issue 3, pp. 544 – 545 - 526:, ISSN 0006-7431, 07/1976, Volume 50, Issue 3, pp. 714 – 715 - 509:, ISSN 0082-5433, 01/1978, Volume 64, Issue 4/5, pp. 321 – 331. 138:
The title of the anthology originates from the poem "A letter from
1199: 571: 551: 531: 434: 294: 139: 969: 973: 497:, ISSN 0041-977X, 01/1977, Volume 40, Issue 2, p. 449. - 402: 396: 324: 309:'s poems "approaches the number of pages devoted to Tu Fu." 1239:
Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
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Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
558:
Sunflower Splendor. Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
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Sunflower Splendor. Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
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Sunflower Splendor. Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
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Sunflower Splendor. Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
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The book's poems are divided into six parts. No. 1 is the
18:
Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry
369:, and poems from previously untranslated poets from the 490:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
339:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1273: 1255: 1246:
The Columbia Anthology of Modern Chinese Literature
1230: 1209: 1158: 1082: 1028: 1007: 425:errors. In addition he stated there were errors in 940: 452:David Lattimore wrote a review of this book for 910: 908: 906: 904: 902: 841: 839: 883: 881: 862: 860: 820: 818: 816: 814: 812: 810: 808: 806: 123:K'uei-yeh-chi: Li-tai shih tz'u ch'ü hsüan-chi 985: 796: 794: 792: 790: 788: 786: 784: 746: 744: 742: 740: 738: 736: 734: 732: 718: 716: 714: 146:. The book uses a section of this poem as an 8: 668: 666: 664: 662: 704: 702: 700: 698: 696: 694: 684: 682: 680: 678: 992: 978: 970: 79:wrote that the book "was a best-seller". 635: 633: 563:Journal of the American Oriental Society 1280: 582: 122: 61: 463:had a positive reception to the book. 7: 623: 621: 619: 617: 615: 613: 611: 609: 607: 305:. Schliepp wrote that the number of 939:and Irving Yucheng Lo, ed. (1975). 470:Raffel argued that "The editors of 281:provides footnotes for some poems. 25:translated into English, edited by 642:"Wu-chi Liu -- scholar and writer" 150:. D. Holzman, a book reviewer for 14: 601:. Retrieved on December 26, 2013. 1307: 1295: 1283: 21:is an anthology of around 1,000 1107:New Songs from the Jade Terrace 336:G. W., a book reviewer for the 126:) and was published in 1976 by 1340:Indiana University Press books 640:Stacy Finz (18 October 2002). 117:Kuíyèjí: lìdài shīcí qǔ xuǎnjí 116: 111: 107: 51: 42: 34: 1: 1217:Chinese poems (category list) 499:DOI 10.1017/S0041977X00044864 332:Analyses of the translations 1345:Doubleday (publisher) books 349:, almost around 20 each by 65:) and published in 1975 by 1366: 1335:Chinese poetry anthologies 93:American Oriental Society 1128:Three Hundred Tang Poems 1015:Classical Chinese poetry 949:Indiana University Press 128:Indiana University Press 1222:List of poems (article) 646:San Francisco Chronicle 76:San Francisco Chronicle 29:and Irving Yucheng Lo ( 1210:Individual poems list 1020:Modern Chinese poetry 1166:Antithetical couplet 1049:Six Dynasties poetry 854:Holzman, p. 328-329. 528:DOI 10.2307/40130945 514:University of Denver 495:University of London 1231:Modern compilations 1121:Complete Tang Poems 548:DOI 10.2307/2755518 230:) to the poetry of 216:, and No. 6 is the 31:traditional Chinese 1350:Literary textbooks 1114:Nineteen Old Poems 845:Upton, p. 523-524. 568:DOI 10.2307/599786 472:Sunflower Splendor 455:The New York Times 361:poems, 10 each by 97:Sunflower Splendor 39:simplified Chinese 1330:1975 poetry books 1271: 1270: 1093:Classic of Poetry 914:Schliepp, p. 545. 570:- Available from 560:." (book review) 550:- Available from 540:." (book review) 536:Schlepp, Wayne. " 530:- Available from 520:." (book review) 487:." (book review) 383:Edward H. Schafer 223:Classic of Poetry 1357: 1312: 1311: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1288: 1287: 1279: 1263:Cantonese poetry 994: 987: 980: 971: 966: 963:Internet Archive 946: 924: 921: 915: 912: 897: 896:Holzman, p. 329. 894: 888: 887:Holzman, p. 327. 885: 876: 875:Holzman, p. 326. 873: 867: 866:Holzman, p. 324. 864: 855: 852: 846: 843: 834: 831: 825: 824:Schlepp, p. 544. 822: 801: 800:Holzman, p. 323. 798: 779: 748: 727: 720: 709: 706: 689: 686: 673: 670: 657: 656: 654: 652: 637: 628: 625: 602: 587: 512:Raffel, Burton ( 124: 118: 113: 109: 63: 53: 44: 36: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1306: 1296: 1294: 1282: 1274: 1272: 1267: 1256:Regional styles 1251: 1226: 1205: 1154: 1085:and collections 1084: 1078: 1024: 1003: 998: 959: 935: 932: 927: 923:Raffel, p. 715. 922: 918: 913: 900: 895: 891: 886: 879: 874: 870: 865: 858: 853: 849: 844: 837: 832: 828: 823: 804: 799: 782: 749: 730: 721: 712: 707: 692: 687: 676: 672:Raffel, p. 714. 671: 660: 650: 648: 639: 638: 631: 626: 605: 588: 584: 580: 543:Pacific Affairs 480: 450: 334: 319: 288:Pacific Affairs 268:poems from the 212:, No. 5 is the 204:, No. 4 is the 200:, No. 3 is the 192:, No. 2 is the 186: 166: 136: 12: 11: 5: 1363: 1361: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1304: 1292: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1249: 1242: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1204: 1203: 1196: 1189: 1182: 1175: 1168: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1153: 1152: 1145: 1138: 1131: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1103: 1096: 1088: 1086: 1080: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1044:Jian'an poetry 1041: 1035: 1033: 1026: 1025: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1004: 1001:Chinese poetry 999: 997: 996: 989: 982: 974: 968: 967: 957: 931: 930:External links 928: 926: 925: 916: 898: 889: 877: 868: 856: 847: 835: 826: 802: 780: 728: 710: 708:Upton, p. 524. 690: 688:Upton, p. 523. 674: 658: 629: 627:G. W., p. 449. 603: 581: 579: 576: 575: 574: 556:Upton, Beth. " 554: 534: 510: 501: 479: 476: 449: 446: 351:Huang Tingjian 333: 330: 318: 315: 260:poetry of the 206:Five Dynasties 185: 182: 165: 162: 135: 132: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1362: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1293: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1176: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1034: 1032: 1027: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1010: 1006: 1002: 995: 990: 988: 983: 981: 976: 975: 972: 964: 960: 958:0-253-35580-X 954: 950: 945: 944: 938: 934: 933: 929: 920: 917: 911: 909: 907: 905: 903: 899: 893: 890: 884: 882: 878: 872: 869: 863: 861: 857: 851: 848: 842: 840: 836: 830: 827: 821: 819: 817: 815: 813: 811: 809: 807: 803: 797: 795: 793: 791: 789: 787: 785: 781: 777: 776: 771: 770: 765: 764: 759: 755: 754: 747: 745: 743: 741: 739: 737: 735: 733: 729: 725: 724:K'uei-yeh-chi 719: 717: 715: 711: 705: 703: 701: 699: 697: 695: 691: 685: 683: 681: 679: 675: 669: 667: 665: 663: 659: 647: 643: 636: 634: 630: 624: 622: 620: 618: 616: 614: 612: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 586: 583: 577: 573: 569: 565: 564: 559: 555: 553: 549: 545: 544: 539: 535: 533: 529: 525: 524: 519: 515: 511: 508: 507: 502: 500: 496: 492: 491: 486: 482: 481: 477: 475: 473: 468: 464: 462: 457: 456: 447: 445: 442: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 411: 407: 405: 404: 399: 398: 394:and [ 391: 389: 388:Ezra Poundian 384: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 343: 341: 340: 331: 329: 327: 326: 316: 314: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 290: 289: 282: 278: 275: 271: 267: 263: 257: 253: 251: 250: 245: 244: 239: 238: 233: 229: 225: 224: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 183: 181: 177: 175: 170: 163: 161: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 141: 133: 131: 129: 125: 119: 105: 100: 98: 95:, wrote that 94: 90: 89: 84: 80: 78: 77: 72: 68: 64: 58: 54: 48: 40: 32: 28: 24: 23:Chinese poems 20: 19: 1244: 1238: 1237: 1198: 1191: 1184: 1177: 1170: 1147: 1140: 1135:Wangchuan ji 1133: 1126: 1119: 1112: 1105: 1098: 1091: 1083:Poetry works 961:– via 942: 919: 892: 871: 850: 829: 773: 767: 761: 758:Mao Tse-tung 751: 723: 649:. Retrieved 599:Google Books 591:葵曄集: 歷代詩詞曲選集 585: 561: 541: 523:Books Abroad 521: 504: 488: 471: 469: 465: 453: 451: 443: 439: 415:alliteration 412: 408: 401: 395: 392: 379: 375:Qing dynasty 371:Ming dynasty 344: 337: 335: 323: 320: 311: 293: 286: 283: 279: 273: 270:Song dynasty 265: 262:Tang dynasty 258: 254: 247: 241: 235: 227: 221: 218:Ming dynasty 214:Yuan dynasty 210:Song dynasty 202:Tang dynasty 190:Zhou dynasty 187: 178: 171: 167: 151: 144:Conrad Aiken 137: 121: 115: 112:葵晔集: 历代诗词曲选集 108:葵曄集: 歷代詩詞曲選集 103: 101: 96: 88:Books Abroad 86: 81: 74: 67:Anchor Press 60: 50: 17: 16: 15: 1159:Major forms 1074:Qing poetry 1069:Ming poetry 1064:Yuan poetry 1059:Song poetry 1054:Tang poetry 651:10 December 461:Sinologists 431:Xie Lingyun 355:Mei Yaochen 347:Wen Tingyun 317:Translators 198:Sui dynasty 194:Han dynasty 83:Sinologists 62:Lo Yü-cheng 52:Luó Yùzhèng 1324:Categories 1149:Zhuying ji 1039:Han poetry 1029:Poetry by 1008:Major eras 937:Wu-chi Liu 753:Shih ching 506:T'oung Pao 478:References 232:Mao Zedong 174:salubrious 153:T'oung Pao 57:Wade–Giles 27:Wu-chi Liu 448:Reception 359:Yuan Zhen 71:Doubleday 1142:Wen Xuan 419:pleonasm 363:Shen Yue 303:Wang Wei 208:and the 196:through 164:Contents 148:epigraph 1276:Portals 1031:dynasty 595:Archive 483:G. W. " 264:, many 228:Shijing 158:Beijing 1290:Poetry 1100:Chu Ci 955:  772:, and 427:rhythm 423:syntax 367:Han Yu 307:Han Yu 299:Li Bai 272:, and 246:, and 59:: 49:: 47:pinyin 41:: 33:: 1314:Books 1302:China 1200:yuefu 578:Notes 572:JSTOR 552:JSTOR 532:JSTOR 435:Li He 357:, 11 295:Du Fu 184:Poems 142:" by 140:Li Po 134:Title 953:ISBN 769:tz'u 763:shih 653:2013 593:." ( 516:). " 373:and 365:and 353:and 1186:shi 778:)," 775:chü 756:to 417:," 403:sic 397:sic 325:sic 266:Shi 249:Shi 43:罗郁正 35:羅郁正 1326:: 1193:qu 1179:fu 1172:ci 951:. 947:. 901:^ 880:^ 859:^ 838:^ 805:^ 783:^ 766:, 731:^ 713:^ 693:^ 677:^ 661:^ 644:. 632:^ 606:^ 597:) 493:, 433:, 274:Qu 252:. 243:Qu 240:, 237:Ci 120:; 114:; 110:; 55:; 45:; 37:; 1278:: 993:e 986:t 979:v 965:. 655:. 589:" 226:( 106:( 69:/

Index

Chinese poems
Wu-chi Liu
traditional Chinese
simplified Chinese
pinyin
Wade–Giles
Anchor Press
Doubleday
San Francisco Chronicle
Sinologists
Books Abroad
American Oriental Society
Indiana University Press
Li Po
Conrad Aiken
epigraph
T'oung Pao
Beijing
salubrious
Zhou dynasty
Han dynasty
Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty
Five Dynasties
Song dynasty
Yuan dynasty
Ming dynasty
Classic of Poetry
Mao Zedong
Ci

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