1672:
1402:
indisgestion for indigestion; gownd for gown; scholard for scholar; nevvy for nephew; non-plush'd for non-plussed; refuge for refuse; quid for cud, " chewing the quid; "sarment for sermon; varmint for vermin; sloop for slope; spartacles for spectacles; spavin for spasms. I knew an old woman who was constantly suffering from "the windy spavin;" taters for potatoes; wunstfor once; wuts for oats, etc., etc."
1686:
172:
183:
33:
1660:. Many old Sussex words once existed, thought to have derived from Sussex's fishermen and their links with fishermen from the coasts of France and the Netherlands. A universal feminine gender pronoun was typical, reflected in a joking saying in Sussex that "Everything in Sussex is a she except a tomcat and she's a he."
1192:
Modern Essex
English is usually associated with non-rhotic Estuary English, mainly in urban areas receiving an influx of East London migrants since World War II. The Essex accent has an east–west variation with the county's west having Estuary English speech features and the county's east having the
1401:
Acrost for across; agoo for ago; batcheldor for bachelor; brownchitis (or sometime brown titus) for bronchitis; chimley or chimbley for chimney; crowner for coroner; crowner's quest for coroner's inquest; curosity and curous for curiosity and curious ; death for deaf; disgest for digest, and
1225:
Modern Kent, and Sussex
English is usually associated with non-rhotic Estuary English, mainly in urban areas receiving an influx of East London migrants since World War II. However, rhoticity used to characterize the traditional rural accents in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, though it has long been a
1387:
Gower was first made aware of the dialect after reading a letter in a local newspaper. Following that, and after his own enquiries, he expressed a fear that improved transport and the spread of education would cause such local dialects to disappear and be forgotten despite the fact that, in his
214:
residents. Now spread throughout the South East region, Estuary
English is the resulting mainstream accent that combines features of both Cockney and a more middle-class RP. Less affluent areas have variants of Estuary English that grade into southern rural England outside urban areas.
774:. Since the 1960s, particularly in Andover and Basingstoke, the local accent has changed reflecting the arrival of East Londoners relocated by London County Council. It can be argued that Hampshire is a borderline county moving East, linguistically.
761:
may still be rhotic or variably rhotic today, though this feature is quickly becoming ever less frequent. In country areas and
Southampton, the older rhotic accent can still be heard amongst some speakers, for example in the speech of
1201:
The region largely south of London, including Surrey, Sussex, and once even Kent, used to speak with what today would be lumped under a South West
England or "West Country" dialect. In all these counties, front
1440:
Past participle takes more complex forms after common consonants "-ded," "-ted," e.g., attackted, drownded, "Such a country as this, where everything is either scorched up with the sun or drownded with the
1165:(though not the rest of Essex) showed some rhoticity in speakers born as late as the early 20th century, a feature that characterised other rural dialects of South East England in the 19th century.
1437:"Grow'd," "know'd," "see'd," "throw'd," and similar were however also used both for the perfect and participle passive of the verbs, e.g., "I've know'd a litter of seven whelps reared in that hole"
922:
area a vowel at the end of a word is often followed by an intrusive dark l, . Hence the old joke about the three
Bristolian sisters Evil, Idle, and Normal (written Eva, Ida, and Norma).
1388:
words, "Old customs, old beliefs, old prejudices die hard in the soil of
England". Gower described certain standard English words with nonstandard pronunciations in the Surrey dialect:
1411:
The Old and Middle
English prefix of "a-" is used generally before substantives, before participles and with adjectives placed after nouns, e.g., a-coming, a-going, a-plenty, a-many.
2346:
compiled by Nils Norman
Schiborr. Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.
60:
3303:
230:
survive as traditional broad dialects in
Southern England today, though they too are subject to Estuary English influence in recent decades and are consequently weakening.
1090:
194:
Commentators report widespread homogenisation in South East England in the 20th century (Kerswill & Williams 2000; Britain 2002). This involved a process of
3398:
2371:
1330:
554:
1226:
recessive feature. Still, it is possible that some Sussex and Kentish rhoticity lasted until as recently as the early 21st century in certain pockets.
53:
799:
accents, now perceived as rural. It originally extended an even larger region, across much of South East England, including an area south of the "
379:
1010:
3448:
3233:
2325:
1748:
1248:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, in Essex, Kent, and east Sussex, plus several other South East areas including London, Suffolk, and Norfolk,
3499:
3468:
2426:
1636:
In addition to the above features, namely rhoticity, the traditional Sussex accent showed certain other features, like an extremely narrow
1155:
992:
687:, or children of Jamaican parents, in London shows interesting combinations of the Jamaican accent with the London accent. For example, in
495:
2949:
1444:
The pleonastic use of "-like" denoting "vaguely", e.g. comfortable-like, timid-like, dazed-like, "I have felt lonesome-like ever since."
168:(the counties bordering London), which was the traditional interface between the London urban region and more local and rural accents.
3054:
1978:
1786:
78:
2853:
1323:
3101:
2897:
122:
104:
1173:, which studied speakers born in the late 1800s. Many words are unique to 19th-century Essex dialect, some examples including
3418:
2858:
2364:
417:
Features of working- or middle-class Estuary English, spoken in the counties all around London in the 21st century, include:
1130:
There are differences between and even within areas of East Anglia: the Norwich accent has distinguishing aspects from the
926:
is pronounced darkly where it is present, too, which means that in Bristolian rendering, 'idea' and 'ideal' are homophones.
516:) in weak positions, or occasionally with d). Wells notes traditional aspects of rural South East speech as lengthened in
3458:
3151:
3113:
1123:
796:
1903:
3453:
3106:
2926:
2743:
2564:
1357:
655:
1417:"be" is common for "are", e.g., "How be you?" is noted, to which "I be pretty middlin', thank ye" was the usual answer.
48:
2829:
2819:
2417:
2384:
2380:
1724:
757:. Berkshire is predominantly non-rhotic today, but traditional accents may still be found across the county. Parts of
822:
They persist most strongly in areas that remain largely rural with a largely indigenous population, particularly the
2279:
I saw the ghostesses, / Sitting on the postesses, / Eating of their toastesses, / And fighting with their fistesses.
2113:
826:. In many other areas they are declining because of RP and Estuary accents moving to the area; for instance, strong
3413:
3128:
2986:
2397:
1778:
1170:
3504:
3393:
2919:
2877:
2848:
2780:
2748:
2357:
1961:
Britain, David; Cheshire, Jenny, eds. (2003). "Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English".
3118:
3072:
2971:
2944:
2909:
2804:
2675:
1719:
1414:
Double negatives in a sentence are common, "You don't know nothing", "The gent ain't going to give us nothing"
1946:
A Sociophonological Analysis of Mersea Island English: An investigation of the diphthongs (aʊ), (aɪ) and (ɔɪ)
1457:, now typical of dialects throughout England, as well as the increasingly disappearing feature of rhoticity.
542:
itself (most famously including the East End). It is characterised by many phonological differences from RP:
3330:
3163:
2981:
2956:
1888:
3245:
3223:
3027:
2724:
2693:
2571:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1230:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1076:
1066:
1058:
1051:
1025:
1017:
963:
900:
892:
874:
864:
856:
846:
838:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
692:
629:
621:
613:
605:
571:
394:
390:
375:
371:
367:
335:
296:
281:
277:
203:
118:
114:
100:
3443:
3363:
3228:
3123:
2836:
2770:
2524:
2514:
2509:
1699:
3436:
1874:
2349:
2865:
2758:
2698:
2576:
2549:
2466:
1852:
1373:
1219:
1185:
meaning "snail". Several nonstandard grammatical features exist, such as irregular plural forms like
1014:
975:
790:
754:
252:
227:
219:
187:
2292:
43:
3463:
3293:
3285:
3183:
3146:
3032:
3017:
2892:
2882:
2809:
2648:
1714:
1645:
550:
2294:
A Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect – a Collection of Provincialisms in use in the County of Sussex
2274:
2267:
A Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect and Collection of Provincialisms in Use in the County of Sussex
538:
Cockney is the traditional accent of the working classes of the areas immediately surrounding the
3353:
3320:
3255:
3238:
3093:
2914:
2461:
2451:
1709:
1704:
1420:
Superlatives (+est) were used in place of the word "most", e.g., "the impudentest man I ever see"
807:, but the modern West Country dialects are now most often classified west of a line roughly from
223:
207:
161:
1970:
1945:
3358:
3343:
3315:
3275:
3067:
3049:
3004:
2753:
2529:
2493:
2321:
1974:
1782:
1744:
781:
or "Pompey" English, some of which may actually originate from Portsmouth rather than London.
639:
487:
195:
1218:
vowels predominated in the 19th century, all of which are also shared with rural traditional
3478:
3431:
3383:
3310:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3193:
3039:
3012:
2870:
2790:
2735:
2633:
2615:
2602:
2439:
2434:
1962:
1329:
Modern Estuary dialect features were also reported in some traditional varieties, including
1283:
1084:
882:
688:
677:
669:
592:
547:
258:
150:
3348:
3250:
3188:
3158:
3141:
2966:
2841:
2662:
2638:
2610:
2581:
2554:
2519:
2406:
1691:
1454:
1345:
1319:
1311:
1131:
723:
239:
157:
2081:
2034:
1372:, though it has now almost entirely died out. It was first documented by Granville W. G.
2262:
3423:
3338:
3298:
3198:
3022:
2775:
2680:
2670:
2586:
2388:
1920:
1135:
758:
539:
502:
405:. But the is retained when the addition of a suffix turns the "dark L" clear, so that
146:
202:
in inner-city London and the careful upper-class standard accent of Southern England,
190:; in the South, all of South West England and some of South East England are included.
3493:
3473:
3388:
3044:
2961:
2902:
2814:
2765:
2643:
2625:
2066:
2019:
1963:
1845:
1829:
1813:
1766:
1648:
forms were a grammatical feature of the Sussex dialect, particularly in words ending
1211:
1162:
827:
731:
165:
2190:
2976:
2824:
2703:
1377:
1326:
who spoke the local accent, principally Kentish but with strong London influences.
1315:
1047:
823:
767:
660:
Multicultural London English (abbreviated MLE), colloquially called Blockney, is a
513:
248:
706:
is realised as , as mentioned above. In Jamaican-London speech, glottalization of
1995:
1738:
966:
always remain voiceless, which is the main difference from West Country accents.
2343:
1641:
1431:
1166:
981:
936:
812:
771:
763:
558:
441:
432:
211:
1875:"Portsmouth Society - Pompey as she is spoke (Pompeyspeak) - readers' comments"
1685:
1169:, a feature now widespread in England, was found throughout Essex in the 1950s
171:
2887:
1907:
1667:
1134:
that surrounds it – chiefly in the vowel sounds. The accent of
948:
929:
808:
778:
580:
422:
17:
795:
South West England or "West Country" English is a family of similar strongly
2444:
1774:
1677:
1427:
960:
889:
816:
750:
746:
665:
601:
568:
386:
182:
2471:
2105:
1509:
940:
804:
505:
176:
110:
1931:
Some examples of the Norfolk accent (with dialectal words thrown in) at
3408:
3403:
3213:
2559:
2486:
2481:
1143:
1139:
985:
952:
919:
833:
As well as rhoticity, here are common features of West County accents:
800:
684:
661:
533:
199:
2476:
2456:
1369:
1361:
1356:
A unique dialect existed as recently as the late 19th century in the
673:
491:
315:. But the diphthong is retained before inflectional endings, so that
244:
595:
of in the middle or end of a word with a glottal stop; for example
307:
versus a monophthongal realisation in closed syllables, for example
2048:
2046:
2044:
1002:
may be pronounced , often represented as "bootiful" or "bewtiful",
186:
Red areas are where English dialects of the late 20th century were
2270:
170:
1523:
hot – a verb meaning to heat something up, "hot it over the fire"
1932:
1365:
1245:; it has been reported as a minority variant in Kent and Essex.
2353:
458:
has a low-back onset, , or the lowered/unrounded from , or or
672:
that emerged in the late 20th century. It is spoken mainly by
26:
1289:
272:
General characteristics of all major London accents include:
145:) is the collective set of different dialects and accents of
1956:
1954:
1314:' books pertains to Kentish dialect, as the author lived at
863:) realised as , with a starting point close to the vowel in
1295:
156:
As of the 21st century, a wide class of dialects labelled "
1577:
sauce – vegetables, e.g. "green sauce", pronounced "soss"
1065:) realised as , sounding very much like the diphthong in
753:
are on the modern-day border between Estuary English and
464:
can have an onset lower than RP but higher than Cockney:
2069:. Colchester : Benham – via Internet Archive.
2022:. Colchester : Benham – via Internet Archive.
1423:"You've no ought" was the equivalent of "you should not"
845:) realised as or , sounding more like the diphthong in
815:. Their shared characteristics have been caricatured as
1272:. In the 19th century, across all of Southern England,
1083:) realised as an unrounded vowel , as in many forms of
881:) realised as an unrounded vowel , as in many forms of
2318:
Sussex as She Wus Spoke: A Guide to the Sussex Dialect
959:
In traditional Southern rural accents, the voiceless
738:, was published by the Philological Society in 1973.
1541:
messengers – small clouds (also called "water dogs")
1292:
482:
lowers and backs, different from both RP and Cockney
261:
109:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3376:
3329:
3284:
3264:
3176:
3092:
3085:
3003:
2935:
2789:
2734:
2723:
2716:
2661:
2624:
2601:
2540:
2502:
2425:
2416:
2405:
2396:
2084:. London G. Routledge – via Internet Archive.
2037:. London G. Routledge – via Internet Archive.
1472:
baulky – is said of a person who tries to avoid you
1286:
888:In traditional West Country accents, the voiceless
2146:
2134:
2052:
1801:
1559:ornary – being unwell (the word means "ordinary")
1380:, during the 1870s and first published by him in
91:Varieties of English language in Southern England
1969:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. p.
1965:Social Dialectology: In Honour of Peter Trudgill
486:It retains some aspects of Cockney, such as the
123:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
2082:"A contribution to an Essex dialect dictionary"
2035:"A contribution to an Essex dialect dictionary"
1836:, pages 60-61, Cambridge University Press, 1984
1517:gratten – stubble left in a field after harvest
1193:traditional Essaxon and East Anglian features.
1490:bly – a likeness, "he has a bly of his father"
2365:
1737:Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar W. (2004).
1453:Phonological features included long-standing
1197:19th-century Kent, Sussex, and Surrey English
1146:has greater similarities to that of Norfolk.
903:, giving pronunciations like "Zummerzet" for
830:tend to be more prevalent in older speakers.
8:
1177:meaning "to beat up batter for pudding" and
1820:, page 61, Cambridge University Press, 1984
1743:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Company KG.
269:(phonetically ) occurs only before vowels.
3399:Comparison of American and British English
3268:
3089:
2797:
2731:
2720:
2422:
2413:
2402:
2372:
2358:
2350:
1496:comb – the moss that grows on church bells
1469:bannick – a verb meaning to beat or thrash
2198:. Lewes: Farncombe & Co. p. vii.
2065:Benham, Charles Edwin (23 October 2017).
2018:Benham, Charles Edwin (23 October 2017).
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
2344:English (Southern England) DoReCo corpus
2225:
2223:
2221:
1616:uppards – towards London or in the north
1526:innardly – to talk innardly is to mumble
1466:bait – an afternoon meal about 4 pm
181:
1941:
1939:
1758:
1407:Syntax of the Surrey dialect included:
206:(RP), popular in the 20th century with
2192:The Kentish Dialect and Provincialisms
2116:from the original on 12 September 2020
1318:, was familiar with the mudflats near
198:between the extremes of working-class
2207:
2205:
1904:"Norfolk England Dialect Orthography"
1610:tidy – adjective meaning good or well
1589:shuckish – unsettled, showery weather
1571:quirk – a faint noise indicating fear
7:
3469:Non-native pronunciations of English
1484:beleft – the participle of "believe"
1237:) is very occasionally used for the
574:is monophthongized to , for example
113:. For the distinction between ,
2106:"BBC - Kent - Voices 2005 - Voices"
1999:. Trübner & Company. pp. 5, 22.
1919:, written by Norfolk-born linguist
1447:"all along of" meaning "because of"
1122:East Anglian accents are generally
1740:A Handbook of Varieties of English
1161:was common in Essex. In addition,
899:respectively) are often voiced to
428:as Cockney, but still more than RP
292:(this can also be a monophthong: )
25:
2233:, (1893), Oxford University Press
1656:in place of the standard English
1505:fail – a verb meaning to fall ill
1310:The pattern of speech in some of
512:) and replacement of with (the
1849:Jamaican pronunciation in London
1684:
1670:
1303:) was a common pronunciation of
1282:
736:Jamaican pronunciation in London
452:can take the more RP variant of
257:
31:
2067:"Essex ballads and other poems"
2020:"Essex ballads and other poems"
1996:A glossary of the Essex dialect
1556:nurt – a verb meaning to entice
1544:middlin – reasonable or average
1487:bettermost – upper-class people
1256:in pre-vocalic position: thus,
980:Features which can be found in
777:"Estuary-isms" can be found in
742:Berkshire and Hampshire English
730:are also heard from Jamaicans.
680:parts of working-class London.
642:of (dark L) to , for example,
299:in open syllables, for example
218:Outside of South East England,
105:International Phonetic Alphabet
3419:English-based creole languages
2273:: Farncombe & Co. p.
1547:mixen – a heap of dung or soil
1322:and created a comic character
1:
3459:List of English-based pidgins
2147:Kortmann & Schneider 2004
2135:Kortmann & Schneider 2004
2053:Kortmann & Schneider 2004
1993:Charnock, Richard S. (1880).
1834:Language in the British Isles
1818:Language in the British Isles
1802:Kortmann & Schneider 2004
1532:lief – rather, "I'd lief not"
1036:may be realised as , so that
695:is replaced by , for example
3454:Linguistic purism in English
2320:. Seaford: SB Publications.
2213:Dictionary of Surrey English
1426:"See" was used for saw (the
1154:The East Anglian feature of
1040:may sound to outsiders like
656:Multicultural London English
650:Multicultural London English
3500:English language in England
2555:London & Thames Estuary
2297:. Lewes: Farncombe & Co
2189:Parish, W.D.; Shaw (1888).
1725:Regional accents of English
1574:runagate – good for nothing
1565:picksome – pretty or dainty
1514:foundrous – boggy or marshy
1499:clung – moist or damp grass
1392:Surrey grammatical features
1368:, and in parts of northern
295:diphthongal realisation of
276:diphthongal realisation of
131:English in Southern England
51:. The specific problem is:
3521:
3414:English as a lingua franca
2231:A Glossary of Surrey Words
1901:There are more details on
1779:Cambridge University Press
1382:A Glossary of Surrey Words
1171:Survey of English Dialects
973:
788:
653:
531:
237:
234:London and Estuary English
54:described on the talk page
47:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
3394:Broad and general accents
3304:regional and occupational
3271:
3137:
3063:
2800:
2689:
520:words and use of or in
255:: that is, the consonant
2178:, Poppyland, p. 157
2174:Trudgill, Peter (2003),
2159:Trudgill, Peter (2003),
1720:Falkland Islands English
1553:notation – making a fuss
1091:Merger of the vowels of
702:. In London, word-final
141:; or in the UK, simply,
139:Southern England English
135:Southern English English
2163:, Poppyland, p. 84
1580:scrow – a verb to scowl
1562:peart – brisk or lively
1461:Surrey lexical features
984:English (especially in
397:, namely , for example
101:phonetic transcriptions
2572:Received Pronunciation
2291:Parish, W. D. (1875).
2261:Parish, W. D. (1875).
2008:Charnock, 1880, p. 23.
1889:"Do You Speak Pompey?"
1607:the big smoke – London
1405:
1138:is different from the
1067:Received Pronunciation
998:after all consonants:
897:sat, farm, think, shed
865:Received Pronunciation
847:Received Pronunciation
204:Received Pronunciation
191:
179:
98:This article contains
2766:Multicultural Toronto
2080:Gepp, Edward (1920).
2033:Gepp, Edward (1920).
1700:South African English
1598:statesman – landowner
1529:leastways – otherwise
1481:befront – in front of
1398:
1034:toe, moan, road, boat
1022:toe, moan, road, boat
828:Isle of Wight accents
185:
174:
2927:Western Pennsylvania
2316:Wales, Tony (2000).
2251:Wells, 1982, p. 335.
2242:Wells, 1982, p. 331.
2149:, pp. 174, 175.
2094:Wells, 1982, p. 335.
1864:Wells, 1982, p. 341.
1853:Philological Society
1804:, pp. 164, 197.
1583:shatter – sprinkling
1538:market fresh – drunk
1220:East Anglian English
1210:, and high (or even
1015:Early Modern English
976:East Anglian English
970:East Anglian English
791:West Country English
785:West Country English
755:West Country English
431:Increased amount of
323:often contrast with
228:East Anglian English
220:West Country English
160:" is on the rise in
61:improve this article
3464:Mid-Atlantic accent
3055:Trinidad and Tobago
2176:The Norfolk Dialect
2161:The Norfolk Dialect
1910:on 22 February 2008
1781:. pp. 400–70.
1715:New Zealand English
1646:Reduplicated plural
1619:venturesome – brave
1520:hem – a lot or much
1493:burden – a quantity
2987:Pennsylvania Dutch
2229:Gower, Granville,
1771:Accents of English
1710:Zimbabwean English
1705:Australian English
1613:timmersome – timid
1396:Gowers mentions:
1252:was pronounced as
632:to (for example,
409:can contrast with
370:into two phonemes
224:South West England
192:
180:
162:South East England
3487:
3486:
3372:
3371:
3172:
3171:
3081:
3080:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2920:Pacific Northwest
2781:Standard Canadian
2712:
2711:
2657:
2656:
2597:
2596:
2327:978-1-85770-209-5
1832:in Trudgill ed.,
1816:in Trudgill ed.,
1750:978-3-11-017532-5
1595:spoon meat – soup
1478:beatle – a mallet
1280:(non-rhotically,
734:'s dissertation,
624:to (for example
616:to (for example
608:to (for example
338:in words such as
175:Foot-strut split
89:
88:
81:
49:quality standards
40:This article may
16:(Redirected from
3512:
3505:Southern England
3384:English language
3269:
3090:
3073:Falkland Islands
2972:General American
2945:African-American
2798:
2732:
2721:
2423:
2414:
2403:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2351:
2332:
2331:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2216:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1968:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1906:. Archived from
1899:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1843:
1837:
1827:
1821:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1763:
1754:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1639:
1592:snob – shoemaker
1550:mothery – mouldy
1508:fly-golding – a
1376:(1838–1895), of
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1241:vowel, normally
1240:
1236:
1232:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1110:
1106:
1085:American English
1078:
1060:
1053:
1032:). The vowel of
1030:tow, mown, rowed
1027:
1019:
965:
902:
894:
883:American English
876:
858:
840:
724:Hypercorrections
717:
713:
710:applies also to
709:
705:
701:
694:
689:Jamaican English
631:
623:
615:
607:
573:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
444:
396:
393:before "dark L"
392:
377:
373:
369:
337:
298:
283:
279:
268:
267:
264:
263:
151:Southern England
143:Southern English
120:
116:
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
35:
34:
27:
21:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3368:
3325:
3280:
3260:
3168:
3164:Solomon Islands
3133:
3077:
3059:
2991:
2982:New York Latino
2957:American Indian
2937:
2931:
2792:
2785:
2726:
2708:
2694:Channel Islands
2685:
2653:
2620:
2593:
2536:
2498:
2408:
2392:
2378:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2211:Davis, Graeme,
2210:
2203:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1844:
1840:
1828:
1824:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1736:
1733:
1692:Language portal
1690:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1622:welt – scorched
1586:shifty – untidy
1568:platty – uneven
1502:dryth – drought
1475:beazled – tired
1462:
1455:yod-coalescence
1451:
1450:
1393:
1358:historic county
1354:
1346:yod-coalescence
1312:Charles Dickens
1285:
1281:
1238:
1234:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1152:
1142:accent, whilst
1132:Norfolk dialect
1011:long mid merger
1009:Absence of the
1006:as , and so on.
978:
972:
964:/s/,/f/,/θ/,/ʃ/
893:/s/,/f/,/θ/,/ʃ/
793:
787:
744:
658:
652:
536:
530:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
449:
442:
334:lengthening of
260:
256:
242:
240:Estuary English
236:
158:Estuary English
133:(also, rarely,
128:
127:
126:
92:
85:
74:
68:
65:
58:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3518:
3516:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3424:Englishisation
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3331:Southeast Asia
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3246:South Atlantic
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3028:Cayman Islands
3025:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2941:
2939:
2938:ethno-cultural
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2729:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2530:Stoke-on-Trent
2527:
2522:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2389:Modern English
2379:
2377:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2338:External links
2336:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2308:
2283:
2263:"Ammut-castès"
2253:
2244:
2235:
2217:
2201:
2181:
2166:
2151:
2139:
2137:, p. 210.
2127:
2096:
2087:
2072:
2057:
2055:, p. 180.
2040:
2025:
2010:
2001:
1986:
1979:
1950:
1935:
1924:
1921:Peter Trudgill
1894:
1880:
1866:
1857:
1838:
1822:
1806:
1794:
1787:
1767:Wells, John C.
1757:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1681:
1665:
1662:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1353:
1350:
1198:
1195:
1189:for "houses".
1151:
1148:
1136:Cambridgeshire
1128:
1127:
1120:
1088:
1073:
1057:The diphthong
1055:
1045:
1007:
974:Main article:
971:
968:
957:
956:
955:, South Devon)
927:
916:
911:, "zhure" for
886:
871:
855:The diphthong
853:
837:The diphthong
789:Main article:
786:
783:
759:West Berkshire
743:
740:
718:, for example
683:The speech of
654:Main article:
651:
648:
647:
646:
637:
599:
590:
586:, for example
578:
565:
561:, for example
540:City of London
532:Main article:
529:
526:
508:(for example,
484:
483:
477:
471:
465:
459:
453:
447:
439:
438:, like Cockney
429:
415:
414:
383:
332:
293:
284:, for example
249:Thames Estuary
238:Main article:
235:
232:
147:Modern English
121:⟩, see
97:
96:
95:
90:
87:
86:
39:
37:
30:
24:
18:Sussex dialect
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3517:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3444:International
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:Torres Strait
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2859:North-Central
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2837:New York City
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Ottawa Valley
2769:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2565:Multicultural
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Black Country
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2515:West Midlands
2513:
2511:
2510:East Midlands
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2115:
2111:
2110:www.bbc.co.uk
2107:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1980:9781588114037
1976:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:John C. Wells
1842:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:John C. Wells
1826:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:John C. Wells
1810:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1788:0-521-24225-8
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1631:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1604:swimy – giddy
1603:
1601:stood – stuck
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
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1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
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1498:
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1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1458:
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1436:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1374:Leveson Gower
1371:
1367:
1364:, in western
1363:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1344:, as well as
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:-vocalization
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:sounded like
1259:
1246:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:Mersea Island
1160:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1050:frequent for
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1023:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
990:
989:
987:
983:
977:
969:
967:
962:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
932:
928:
925:
921:
917:
914:
910:
907:, "varm" for
906:
898:
891:
887:
884:
880:
872:
869:
866:
862:
854:
851:
848:
844:
836:
835:
834:
831:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
792:
784:
782:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
760:
756:
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748:
741:
739:
737:
733:
732:John C. Wells
729:
725:
721:
698:
690:
686:
681:
679:
678:multicultural
675:
671:
667:
663:
657:
649:
645:
641:
638:
635:
627:
619:
611:
603:
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589:
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579:
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566:
564:
560:
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541:
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527:
525:
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515:
511:
507:
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500:
498:
493:
489:
478:
472:
466:
460:
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440:
437:
435:
430:
427:
425:
420:
419:
418:
412:
408:
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388:
384:
381:
380:bad–lad split
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
291:
287:
275:
274:
273:
270:
266:
254:
250:
246:
241:
233:
231:
229:
225:
221:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
189:
184:
178:
173:
169:
167:
166:Home Counties
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:
112:
108:
106:
102:
94:
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29:
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19:
3229:South Africa
3224:Sierra Leone
2977:Miami Latino
2866:Philadelphia
2854:Inland North
2759:Newfoundland
2577:West Country
2541:
2391:by continent
2317:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2293:
2286:
2278:
2266:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2230:
2215:(2007), p.30
2212:
2191:
2184:
2175:
2169:
2160:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:. Retrieved
2109:
2099:
2090:
2075:
2060:
2028:
2013:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1964:
1927:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:the original
1897:
1883:
1869:
1860:
1848:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1817:
1809:
1797:
1770:
1761:
1739:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1635:
1535:lippy – rude
1452:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1381:
1378:Titsey Place
1355:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1309:
1304:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1228:
1224:
1200:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1156:
1153:
1129:
1116:
1112:
1096:
1092:
1080:
1069:
1062:
1048:Glottal stop
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1003:
999:
993:
982:East Anglian
979:
958:
944:
930:
923:
912:
908:
904:
896:
878:
867:
860:
849:
842:
832:
824:West Country
821:
794:
776:
768:Lord Denning
745:
735:
727:
720:both of them
719:
696:
682:
659:
643:
640:Vocalisation
633:
625:
617:
609:
596:
587:
581:
575:
562:
537:
521:
517:
514:glottal stop
509:
499:-coalescence
496:
488:vocalisation
485:
446:fronting to
433:
423:
421:Not as much
416:
410:
406:
402:
398:
366:): split of
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
289:
285:
271:
251:accents are
247:and greater
243:
217:
208:upper-middle
193:
155:
142:
138:
134:
130:
129:
117:and ⟨
99:
93:
75:
69:October 2023
66:
59:Please help
52:
41:
3354:Philippines
3147:New Zealand
3033:Bay Islands
3013:The Bahamas
2936:Social and
2893:New Orleans
2810:New England
2704:Isle of Man
2649:Port Talbot
2550:East Anglia
2467:Northumbria
2120:29 December
1642:th-stopping
1625:wift – quic
1432:past simple
1276:without an
1167:Th-fronting
1119:homophones.
988:) include:
937:South Devon
813:Oxfordshire
772:Reg Presley
764:John Arlott
593:Replacement
559:labiodental
494:) to , and
470:fronted to
212:upper-class
63:if you can.
3494:Categories
3294:Bangladesh
3286:South Asia
3239:Cape Flats
3189:The Gambia
3114:Aboriginal
2950:vernacular
2915:California
2888:High Tider
2883:Appalachia
2744:Aboriginal
2676:South-West
2520:Birmingham
2477:Sunderland
2462:Manchester
2452:Lancashire
1914:2008-02-22
1731:References
1654:ghostesses
1652:, such as
1640:vowel and
1384:in 1893.
1324:Sam Weller
1229:The vowel
1124:non-rhotic
1111:), making
1075:The vowel
961:fricatives
949:Berry Head
945:Berry 'Aid
890:fricatives
873:The vowel
809:Shropshire
779:Portsmouth
726:like for
551:fricatives
253:non-rhotic
149:spoken in
3359:Singapore
3321:Sri Lanka
3276:Hong Kong
3102:variation
3094:Australia
3005:Caribbean
2871:Baltimore
2754:Lunenburg
2699:Gibraltar
2616:Highlands
2494:Yorkshire
2457:Liverpool
1948:, page 44
1775:Cambridge
1678:UK portal
1428:preterite
1348:in Kent.
1320:Rochester
1159:-dropping
1000:beautiful
996:-dropping
933:-dropping
817:Mummerset
751:Hampshire
747:Berkshire
685:Jamaicans
666:sociolect
604:shift of
602:Diphthong
584:-dropping
569:diphthong
506:syllables
436:-fronting
426:-dropping
387:allophone
196:levelling
3479:Standard
3449:Learning
3437:Nerrière
3428:Globish
3344:Malaysia
3316:Pakistan
3256:Zimbabwe
3184:Cameroon
3018:Barbados
2749:Atlantic
2717:Americas
2634:Abercraf
2603:Scotland
2582:Cornwall
2503:Midlands
2487:Teesside
2482:Tyneside
2472:Pitmatic
2435:Cheshire
2381:Dialects
2114:Archived
1769:(1982).
1664:See also
1510:ladybird
1434:) of see
1430:usually
1206:, front
1183:hodmadod
1179:hodmedod
1013:between
941:Cornwall
905:Somerset
805:isogloss
664:(and/or
555:replaced
503:stressed
177:isogloss
164:and the
115:/ /
111:Help:IPA
42:require
3409:Engrish
3404:E-Prime
3377:Related
3364:Vietnam
3349:Myanmar
3219:Nigeria
3214:Namibia
3204:Liberia
3086:Oceania
3068:Bermuda
3040:Jamaica
2967:Chicano
2805:Midland
2791:United
2727:America
2663:Ireland
2639:Cardiff
2611:Glasgow
2560:Cockney
2440:Cumbria
2418:England
2409:Britain
2385:accents
2301:12 June
1855:(1973).
1262:willage
1258:village
1233:(as in
1144:Suffolk
1140:Norfolk
1079:(as in
1061:(as in
1028:(as in
1020:(as in
986:Norfolk
953:Brixham
920:Bristol
918:In the
895:(as in
877:(as in
859:(as in
841:(as in
801:broad A
670:English
662:dialect
628:), and
534:Cockney
528:Cockney
524:words.
476:fronted
401:versus
200:Cockney
103:in the
44:cleanup
3432:Gogate
3339:Brunei
3251:Uganda
3234:accent
3209:Malawi
3177:Africa
3152:accent
3107:accent
3050:Samaná
3023:Bequia
2842:accent
2815:Boston
2793:States
2776:Quebec
2736:Canada
2725:North
2681:Ulster
2671:Dublin
2587:Dorset
2445:Barrow
2407:Great
2398:Europe
2324:
1977:
1785:
1747:
1658:ghosts
1632:Sussex
1441:rain."
1370:Sussex
1362:Surrey
1352:Surrey
1316:Higham
1187:housen
1097:square
1070:choice
1024:) and
947:" for
915:, etc.
850:choice
797:rhotic
700:/boːt/
674:youths
644:people
548:dental
492:dark L
407:wholly
378:. See
245:London
226:) and
188:rhotic
119:
3474:Plain
3389:Basic
3311:Nepal
3299:India
3199:Kenya
3194:Ghana
3159:Palau
3119:South
2962:Cajun
2903:Texas
2898:Older
2878:South
2849:North
2825:Maine
2644:Gower
2626:Wales
2542:South
2427:North
2271:Lewes
2196:(PDF)
2104:BBC.
1638:PRICE
1336:e.g.
1305:after
1274:arter
1270:wenom
1268:like
1266:venom
1239:STRUT
1216:PRICE
1212:round
1208:START
1204:MOUTH
1150:Essex
1117:cheer
1113:chair
1063:price
868:dress
861:mouth
843:price
714:from
668:) of
588:house
576:south
563:think
557:with
522:mouth
490:of (
468:GOOSE
456:PRICE
450:MOUTH
399:whole
354:(cf.
325:bored
321:pause
317:board
313:pause
309:board
107:(IPA)
3265:Asia
3142:Fiji
3129:West
3045:Saba
2910:West
2830:West
2820:East
2383:and
2322:ISBN
2303:2018
2122:2020
1975:ISBN
1851:The
1783:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1366:Kent
1264:and
1175:bonx
1115:and
1109:/ɛə/
1107:and
1105:/ɪə/
1095:and
1093:near
1059:/aɪ/
1042:boot
1038:boat
1026:/ɔʊ/
1018:/oː/
1004:huge
951:(in
939:and
913:sure
909:farm
857:/aʊ/
839:/aɪ/
811:via
770:and
749:and
728:foot
697:both
630:/ɔɪ/
626:bite
622:/aɪ/
618:bait
614:/eɪ/
610:beet
606:/iː/
572:/aʊ/
567:The
553:are
546:The
518:trap
510:duty
480:TRAP
474:FOOT
462:FACE
443:GOAT
411:holy
403:holy
391:/əʊ/
376:/æː/
374:and
352:hand
329:paws
327:and
319:and
301:bore
297:/ɔː/
290:boot
286:beat
282:/uː/
280:and
278:/iː/
222:(of
210:and
2387:of
1971:233
1650:-st
1360:of
1342:owd
1340:as
1338:old
1254:/w/
1250:/v/
1243:/ʌ/
1235:LOT
1231:/ɒ/
1181:or
1157:yod
1081:lot
1077:/ɒ/
1052:/t/
994:Yod
943:, "
935:in
901:,,,
879:lot
875:/ɒ/
716:/θ/
712:/t/
708:/t/
704:/t/
693:/θ/
676:in
634:boy
620:),
612:),
597:hit
501:in
497:yod
389:of
385:an
372:/æ/
368:/æ/
364:lad
360:had
356:can
348:bag
344:sad
340:man
336:/æ/
305:paw
153:.
3496::
2277:.
2275:18
2269:.
2265:.
2220:^
2204:^
2112:.
2108:.
2043:^
1973:.
1953:^
1938:^
1777::
1773:.
1644:.
1307:.
1290:ɑː
1222:.
1214:)
1102:RP
819:.
803:"
766:,
722:.
691:,
434:th
395:()
362:,
358:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
311:,
303:,
288:,
137:;
2373:e
2366:t
2359:v
2330:.
2305:.
2124:.
1983:.
1917:.
1891:.
1877:.
1791:.
1753:.
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1299:/
1296:ə
1293:t
1287:ˈ
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1100:(
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1054:.
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931:H
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636:.
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413:.
382:.
331:.
265:/
262:r
259:/
125:.
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
56:.
20:)
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