Sustainable development - Knowledge (XXG)

608: 976: 1400:(SDG) for "responsible consumption and production". SDG 12 has 11 targets, and target 12.8 is "By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature." 20 years after the Agenda 21 document was declared, the 'Future we want' document was proclaimed in the Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development, stating that "We resolve to promote education for sustainable development and to integrate sustainable development more actively into education beyond the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development." 537: 2685: 208: 807: 819: 581: 1246: 4668: 2636: 1470: 1456: 7387: 6856: 6017: 1224:) and regard development as inherently unsustainable, others are disappointed in the lack of progress that has been achieved so far. Part of the problem is that "development" itself is not consistently defined. Such a viewpoint contradicts the mainstream academic community, which frequently concedes that the processes of capitalism are incompatible with the long-term sustainability of human life. 6029: 1389:. It is defined as education practices that encourage changes in knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes to enable a more sustainable and just society for humanity. ESD aims to empower and equip current and future generations to meet their needs using a balanced and integrated approach to sustainable development's economic, social, and environmental dimensions. 7375: 6845: 4632: 4216: 2704: 2116: 1963: 1703: 403:. Describing the desirable "state of global equilibrium", the authors wrote: "We are searching for a model output that represents a world system that is sustainable without sudden and uncontrolled collapse and capable of satisfying the basic material requirements of all of its people." The year 1972 also saw the publication of the influential book, 857:. Developed countries' citizens consume an average of 16 tons of those four key resources per capita per year, ranging up to 40 or more tons per person in some developed countries with resource consumption levels far beyond what is likely sustainable. By comparison, the average person in India today consumes four tons per year. 995:

through the chain of consumption, starting with the effects of individual lifestyle choices and spending patterns, through to the resource demands of specific goods and services, the impacts of economic sectors, through national economies to the global economy. Key resource categories relating to human needs are

1435:. It also requires participatory teaching and learning methods that motivate and empower learners to change their behaviours and take action for sustainable development. ESD consequently promotes competencies like critical thinking, imagining future scenarios and making decisions in a collaborative way. 1227:

The vagueness of the Brundtland definition of sustainable development has been criticized as follows: The definition has "opened up the possibility of downplaying sustainability. Hence, governments spread the message that we can have it all at the same time, i.e. economic growth, prospering societies

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concept of preserving forests for future wood production can be directly transferred to the broader importance of preserving environmental resources to sustain the world for future generations. That same year, the interrelationship of environment and development was formally demonstrated in a systems

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Scholars usually distinguish three different areas of sustainability. These are the environmental, the social, and the economic. Several terms are in use for this concept. Authors may speak of three pillars, dimensions, components, aspects, perspectives, factors, or goals. All mean the same thing in

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over a long period of time. Definitions of this term are disputed and have varied with literature, context, and time. Sustainability usually has three dimensions (or pillars): environmental, economic, and social. Many definitions emphasize the environmental dimension. This can include addressing key

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There is a connection between ecosystems and biodiversity. Ecosystems are made up of various living things interacting with one another and their surroundings. Along with this, biodiversity lays the groundwork for ecosystems to function well by defining the kinds of species that can coexist in

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in 2020 to 2023 made these challenges worse. The pandemic impacted all 17 goals and emphasized the interconnectedness of global health, economic, social, and environmental challenges. Some regions, such as Asia, have experienced significant setbacks during that time. The global effort for the SDGs

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Furthermore, there are several barriers related to the difficulties of implementing sustainability policies. There are trade-offs between the goals of environmental policies and economic development. Environmental goals include nature conservation. Development may focus on poverty reduction. There

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A meta review in 2002 looked at environmental and economic valuations and found a "lack of concrete understanding of what "sustainability policies" might entail in practice". A study concluded in 2007 that knowledge, manufactured and human capital (health and education) has not compensated for the

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are derived from the environment, the state of air, water, and climate is of particular concern. Environmental sustainability requires society to design activities to meet human needs while preserving the life support systems of the planet. This, for example, entails using water sustainably, using

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Six interdependent capacities are deemed to be necessary for the successful pursuit of sustainable development. These are the capacities to measure progress towards sustainable development; promote equity within and between generations; adapt to shocks and surprises; transform the system onto more

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One version of education for Sustainable Development recognizes modern-day environmental challenges. It seeks to define new ways to adjust to a changing biosphere, as well as engage individuals to address societal issues that come with them In the International Encyclopedia of Education, this

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The underlying driver of direct human impacts on the environment is human consumption. This impact is reduced by not only consuming less but also making the full cycle of production, use, and disposal more sustainable. Consumption of goods and services can be analyzed and managed at all scales

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of a community or humankind as a whole depends both on population and impact per person, which in turn depends in complex ways on what resources are being used, whether or not those resources are renewable, and the scale of the human activity relative to the carrying capacity of the ecosystems

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approach to education is seen as an attempt to "shift consciousness toward an ethics of life-giving relationships that respects the interconnectedness of man to his natural world" to equip future members of society with environmental awareness and a sense of responsibility to sustainability.

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Three visual representations of sustainability and its three dimensions: the left image shows sustainability as three intersecting circles. In the top right, it is a nested approach. In the bottom right it is three pillars. The schematic with the nested ellipses emphasizes a hierarchy of the

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for sustainable development identified information, integration, and participation as key building blocks to help countries achieve development that recognizes these interdependent pillars. Furthermore, Agenda 21 emphasizes that broad public participation in decision-making is a fundamental

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to the concept of sustainability. This means it is possible to overcome them. One way would be to put a price tag on the consumption of public goods. Some extrinsic barriers relate to the nature of dominant institutional frameworks. Examples would be where market mechanisms fail for

653:(the total of nature's resources) is used up faster than it can be replenished. Sustainability requires that human activity only uses nature's resources at a rate at which they can be replenished naturally. The concept of sustainable development is intertwined with the concept of 853:), manufactured products, food, living organisms, and waste. By 2050, humanity could consume an estimated 140 billion tons of minerals, ores, fossil fuels and biomass per year (three times its current amount) unless the economic growth rate is decoupled from the rate of natural 4749: 4579:

Biermann, Frank; Hickmann, Thomas; Sénit, Carole-Anne; Beisheim, Marianne; Bernstein, Steven; Chasek, Pamela; Grob, Leonie; Kim, Rakhyun E.; Kotzé, Louis J.; Nilsson, Måns; Ordóñez Llanos, Andrea; Okereke, Chukwumerije; Pradhan, Prajal; Raven, Rob; Sun, Yixian (20 June 2022).

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involved. Careful resource management can be applied at many scales, from economic sectors like agriculture, manufacturing and industry, to work organizations, the consumption patterns of households and individuals, and the resource demands of individual goods and services.

1033:. Economic development has traditionally required a growth in the gross domestic product. This model of unlimited personal and GDP growth may be over. Sustainable development may involve improvements in the quality of life for many but may necessitate a decrease in 2034:

Kotzé, Louis J.; Kim, Rakhyun E.; Burdon, Peter; du Toit, Louise; Glass, Lisa-Maria; Kashwan, Prakash; Liverman, Diana; Montesano, Francesco S.; Rantala, Salla (2022). "Planetary Integrity". In Sénit, Carole-Anne; Biermann, Frank; Hickmann, Thomas (eds.).

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and waste, fishing quotas and collaborative water management. Biodiversity is not only crucial for the well-being of animals and wildlife but also plays a positive role in the lives of human beings in the way in which it aids development of human life.

911:, pollution and carbon emissions. Building electric vehicles has been one of the most popular ways in the field of sustainable development, the potential of using reusable energy and reducing waste offered a perspective in sustainable development. The 941: 672:(the rate of harvest should not exceed the rate of regeneration); for non-renewable resources there should be equivalent development of renewable substitutes; waste generation should not exceed the assimilative capacity of the environment. 1196:

The concept of sustainable development has been and still is, subject to criticism, including the question of what is to be sustained in sustainable development. It has been argued that there is no such thing as sustainable use of a

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degradation of natural capital in many parts of the world. It has been suggested that intergenerational equity can be incorporated into a sustainable development and decision making, as has become common in economic valuations of

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that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The aim is to have a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining

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and the Government of Greece (December 1997), highlights the importance of sustainability not only with regards to the natural environment, but also with "poverty, health, food security, democracy, human rights, and peace".

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The sustainable development debate is based on the assumption that societies need to manage three types of capital (economic, social, and natural), which may be non-substitutable and whose consumption might be irreversible.

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was the first international document that identified education as an essential tool for achieving sustainable development and highlighted areas of action for education. ESD is a component of measurement in an indicator for

241:. The idea of sustainability can guide decisions at the global, national, organizational, and individual levels. A related concept is that of sustainable development, and the terms are often used to mean the same thing. 1129:. Before addressing these barriers it is important to analyze and understand them. Some barriers arise from nature and its complexity ("everything is related"). Others arise from the human condition. One example is the 848:

As global population and affluence have increased, so has the use of various materials increased in volume, diversity, and distance transported. Included here are raw materials, minerals, synthetic chemicals (including

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are also trade-offs between short-term profit and long-term viability. Political pressures generally favor the short term over the long term. So they form a barrier to actions oriented toward improving sustainability.

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published a world conservation strategy that included one of the first references to sustainable development as a global priority and introduced the term "sustainable development". Two years later, the United Nations

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or purely environmental. Several studies have noted that efficient policies for renewable energy and pollution are compatible with increasing human welfare, eventually reaching a golden-rule steady state.

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published a Vision 2050 document in 2021 to show "How business can lead the transformations the world needs". The vision states that "we envision a world in which 9+billion people can live well, within

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Countries could develop systems for monitoring and evaluation of progress towards achieving sustainable development by adopting indicators that measure changes across economic, social and environmental

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Education for Sustainable Development: Challenges, Strategies, and Practices in a Globalizing World Education for sustainable development: Challenges, strategies, and practices in a globalizing world

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These goals are ambitious, and the reports and outcomes to date indicate a challenging path. Most, if not all, of the goals are unlikely to be met by 2030. Rising inequalities, climate change, and

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Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains two key concepts within it:

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can not necessarily be substituted by economic capital. While it is possible that we can find ways to replace some natural resources, it is much less likely that they will ever be able to replace

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Tilman, David; Knops, Johannes; Wedin, David; Reich, Peter; Ritchie, Mark; Siemann, Evan (29 August 1997). "The Influence of Functional Diversity and Composition on Ecosystem Processes".

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because according to them, development is inherently unsustainable. Other commentators are disappointed in the lack of progress that has been achieved so far. Part of the problem is that

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As early as the 1970s, the concept of sustainability was used to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems". Scientists in many fields have highlighted

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Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

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and a healthy environment. No new ethic is required. This so-called weak version of sustainability is popular among governments, and businesses, but profoundly wrong and not even

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and development in a contemporary sense can be traced to the early 1970s. "Strategy of Progress", a 1972 book (in German) by Ernst Basler, explained how the long-acknowledged

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Strategie des Fortschritts: Umweltbelastung Lebensraumverknappung and Zukunftsforshung (Strategy of Progress: Environmental Pollution, Habitat Scarcity and Future Research)

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Hardin, Garrett (13 December 1968). "The Tragedy of the Commons: The population problem has no technical solution; it requires a fundamental extension in morality".

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Schooling for sustainable development in Europe: concepts, policies and educational experiences at the end of the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development

365:, identified the need for the economic system to fit itself to the ecological system with its limited pools of resources. Another milestone was the 1968 article by 157: 131: 7427: 6292: 6287: 6260: 5956: 4882: 4121:"Shaping the Future Sustainably – Types of Barriers and Tentative Action Principles (chapter in: Future Scenarios of Global Cooperation—Practices and Challenges)" 1871: 1286:

and working to preserve oceans and forests. The SDGs highlight the connections between the environmental, social and economic aspects of sustainable development.

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The Thessaloniki Declaration, presented at the "International Conference on Environment and Society: Education and Public Awareness for Sustainability" by

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sustainable development pathways; link knowledge with action for sustainability; and to devise governance arrangements that allow people to work together.

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that reuses materials as much as possible, much like the cycling and reuse of waste in nature. Dematerialization is being encouraged through the ideas of

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refers to the many processes and pathways to achieve it." There are some problems with the concept of sustainable development. Some scholars say it is an

7217: 5615: 2613: 272:, which were developed in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. In response to a growing awareness of the depletion of timber resources in England, 4928: 3125: 2826:

McMichael, Anthony J; Powles, John W; Butler, Colin D; Uauy, Ricardo (October 2007). "Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health".

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Howes, Michael; Wortley, Liana; Potts, Ruth; Dedekorkut-Howes, Aysin; Serrao-Neumann, Silvia; Davidson, Julie; Smith, Timothy; Nunn, Patrick (2017).

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Balvanera, Patricia; Pfisterer, Andrea B.; Buchmann, Nina; He, Jing-Shen; Nakashizuka, Tohru; Raffaelli, David; Schmid, Bernhard (October 2006).

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Robert, Kates W.; Parris, Thomas M.; Leiserowitz, Anthony A. (2005). "What is Sustainable Development? Goals, Indicators, Values, and Practice".

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The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.

2554: 6589: 5565: 2764: 1058:, where he recognized that goals of environmental conservation and economic development are not conflicting and can be reinforcing each other. 611: 3090:"Sustainable Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States, Europe, and Japan with Special Focus on the Vehicles' Power Sources" 6604: 6282: 5984: 4968: 4905: 4858: 4759: 4658: 4382: 3576: 3492: 3372: 3025: 2977: 2695: 2262: 2148: 2054: 1847: 1376:

calls for prioritizing environmental sustainability, understanding the indivisible nature of the goals, and seeking synergies across sectors.

1037:. "Growth" generally ignores the direct effect that the environment may have on social welfare, whereas "development" takes it into account. 443:, the concept of sustainable development has developed beyond the initial intergenerational framework to focus more on the goal of "socially 413: 400: 1104:

as "the largest concerted corporate sustainability action plan to date – include reversing the damage done to ecosystems, addressing rising

6907: 6699: 6547: 3169:"Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning/services" 7452: 7309: 6552: 6198: 6183: 739: 734: 607: 1201:, since any positive rate of exploitation will eventually lead to the exhaustion of earth's finite stock; this perspective renders the 7432: 6649: 6463: 6453: 6374: 6297: 5967: 5845: 5765: 5605: 5580: 4297: 4264: 3974: 3436: 7201: 6874: 6483: 6468: 6302: 6250: 5514: 5001: 3555: 3460: 3392: 2949: 2483: 286: 7447: 7422: 6955: 6530: 6344: 6235: 6225: 5893: 5850: 5090: 2809: 1553:. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to document A/42/427 – Development and International Co-operation: Environment. 150:

The concept of 'needs', in particular, the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and

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Turner, R. Kerry (1988). "Sustainability, Resource Conservation and Pollution Control: An Overview". In Turner, R. Kerry (ed.).

282:, that "sowing and planting of trees had to be regarded as a national duty of every landowner, in order to stop the destructive 7350: 7284: 6664: 6413: 6391: 6349: 6319: 6272: 6155: 6138: 6121: 6097: 5888: 5570: 5499: 5438: 5231: 5123: 3238: 1572: 1397: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1338: 1334: 1330: 987: 598: 103: 1149:. Existing societies, economies, and cultures encourage increased consumption. There is a structural imperative for growth in 975: 7299: 6848: 6369: 6364: 5810: 5708: 5243: 1505: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1229: 1183: 1065:

study from 1999 concluded that based on the theory of genuine savings (defined as "traditional net savings less the value of

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and sustainable material supplies (e.g. harvesting wood from forests at a rate that maintains the biomass and biodiversity).

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integrating key sustainable development issues into teaching and learning. This may include, for example, instruction about

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an environment, as well as their functions and interactions with other species. In 2019, a summary for policymakers of the

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The concept of sustainable development has been criticized from different angles. While some see it as paradoxical (or an

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Meadows, D.H., D.L. Meadows, J. Randers, and W.W. Behrens III. 1972. The Limits to Growth. Universe Books, New York, NY.

1133:. This reflects the fact that people often do not act according to their convictions. Experts describe these barriers as 6131: 5790: 5058: 916: 630: 536: 7379: 580: 459:, which outlines the building of a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the 21st century. The action plan 7442: 7324: 7314: 7227: 7133: 6502: 6386: 6143: 5898: 5830: 5206: 4057:"Sustainability Theory and Conceptual Considerations: A Review of Key Ideas for Sustainability, and the Rural Context" 3538: 1638:"Sustainable development: Meaning, history, principles, pillars, and implications for human action: Literature review" 1083: 448: 1541: 806: 7196: 5600: 5221: 1510: 1217:, such as the protection provided by the ozone layer, or the climate stabilizing function of the Amazonian forest. 207: 7106: 6930: 6772: 6724: 6619: 6512: 6396: 5800: 5595: 5433: 5085: 4247: 3405: 2881:"Evaluating the environmental impact of various dietary patterns combined with different food production systems" 2402: 1786:

Williams, Colin C; Millington, Andrew C (2004). "The diverse and contested meanings of sustainable development".

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The Consumer's Guide to Effective Environmental Choices: Practical Advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists

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agenda. In fact, a global consensus was facilitated by neglecting concrete goals and operational details. The

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in 1962, the developing environmental movement drew attention to the relationship between economic growth and

4782: 4439: 2585:. United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992. 1992 1050:', to address concerns over the impacts of expanding human development on the planet. In 1987, the economist 7053: 6824: 6762: 6165: 6021: 5795: 5638: 5448: 5420: 5143: 5051: 4775: 4432: 3764: 3142: 3121: 2384: 1483: 1432: 1420: 1191: 1150: 1146: 962: 949: 945: 811: 779: 751: 290: 504:. The idea is that a good balance between the three dimensions should be achieved. Instead of calling them 7222: 7180: 7175: 7058: 6935: 6767: 6594: 6047: 6040: 5860: 5815: 5770: 5585: 5549: 5539: 5334: 5309: 5293: 5278: 5260: 4120: 3873: 3806: 3667: 3266: 2990:

Anderberg, S (1998). "Industrial metabolism and linkages between economics, ethics, and the environment".

2435: 1198: 818: 743: 417: 370: 334: 317:, eventually leading to the development of the science of forestry. This, in turn, influenced people like 310: 294: 478:(SDGs) now have concrete targets (unlike the results from the Rio Process) but no methods for sanctions. 7289: 7153: 6992: 6150: 5938: 5883: 5840: 5723: 5698: 5663: 5339: 4162: 2037:

The Political Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals: Transforming Governance Through Global Goals?

1202: 791: 302: 4499:"Will the Sustainable Development Goals address the links between poverty and the natural environment?" 2937: 2579: 4125: 7319: 7274: 7242: 7237: 7163: 7138: 7094: 6752: 6520: 6160: 6126: 6116: 5903: 5873: 5825: 5820: 5743: 5648: 5544: 5367: 5226: 5211: 5186: 5171: 5128: 4815: 4593: 4551: 4510: 4171: 4129:(14). Centre For Global Cooperation Research (KHK/GCR21), Nora Dahlhaus and Daniela Weißkopf (eds.). 4068: 3882: 3624: 3168: 3054: 2736: 2291: 1992: 1934: 1797: 1682: 1602: 1095: 1047: 1042: 1034: 1016: 970: 854: 850: 759: 709: 602: 433: 230: 174: 45: 3811: 3672: 2761: 416:

research group prepared ten days of hearings on "Growth and Its Implication for the Future" for the

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There are many reasons why sustainability is so difficult to achieve. These reasons have the name

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Endress, L.; Roumasset, J.; Zhou, T. (2005). "Sustainable Growth with Environmental Spillovers".

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for the year 2030. These development goals address the global challenges, including for example

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Naeem, Shahid; Chazdon, Robin; Duffy, J. Emmett; Prager, Case; Worm, Boris (14 December 2016).

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Heal, G. (2009). "Climate Economics: A Meta-Review and Some Suggestions for Future Research".

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Geissdoerfer, Martin; Savaget, Paulo; Bocken, Nancy M.P.; Hultink, Erik Jan (February 2017).

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Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Dyllick, T.; Hockerts, K. (2002). "Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability".

325:, whose approach to forest management was driven by the idea of wise use of resources, and 102:

has placed the concept of sustainable development on the international agenda. In 2015 the

7457: 7355: 7116: 6792: 6709: 6689: 6669: 6569: 6418: 5748: 5658: 5643: 5509: 5474: 5283: 4786: 4688:"Fostering spatial thinking skills for future citizens to support sustainable development" 4672: 4667: 4636: 4443: 3432: 3412: 3129: 2969: 2941: 2813: 2768: 2715: 2708: 2640: 2635: 2627: 2608: 2522: 2235: 1707: 1550: 1210: 1030: 966: 896: 892: 755: 650: 396: 361: 318: 306: 142:. The report included a definition of "sustainable development" which is now widely used: 4799:

Shulla, K.; Filho, W. Leal; Lardjane, S.; Sommer, J. H.; Borgemeister, C. (3 July 2020).

4819: 4721:"From Agenda 21 to Target 4.7: the development of education for sustainable development" 4597: 4555: 4514: 4175: 4072: 3886: 3628: 3058: 2740: 2295: 1996: 1938: 1801: 1686: 1606: 391:. This was commissioned by the Club of Rome and written by a group of scientists led by 7360: 6819: 6714: 6614: 6542: 5673: 5590: 5524: 5519: 5238: 5216: 5151: 5100: 5074: 4200: 4157: 3783: 3314: 3289: 1416: 1386: 1342: 1287: 1283: 1267: 1177: 1118: 1074: 1051: 864:, converting the linear path of materials (extraction, use, disposal in landfill) to a 835: 575: 529: 493: 487: 471: 392: 381: 377: 366: 263: 234: 221: 200: 115: 64: 17: 4957:

Unleashing the Potential: Transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training

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New Pedagogical Challenges in the 21st Century: Contributions of Research in Education

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Ayong Le Kama, A. D. (2001). "Sustainable growth renewable resources, and pollution".

3003: 2839: 2806: 1455: 944:. It recommended that human civilization will need a transformative change, including 7411: 7099: 7048: 6802: 6757: 6737: 6559: 6334: 5978: 5703: 5688: 5683: 5668: 5489: 5443: 5201: 4835: 4720: 4648: 4280: 4096: 4056: 3937: 3902: 3749: 3740: 3723: 3644: 3509: 3188: 3074: 2748: 2499: 2454:

World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development

2452: 2020: 1980: 1817: 1809: 1622: 1164: 1070: 1022: 827: 775: 767: 456: 346: 341: 301:, a 400-page work on forestry. Building upon the ideas of Evelyn and French minister 4156:

Wiedmann, Thomas; Lenzen, Manfred; Keyßer, Lorenz T.; Steinberger, Julia K. (2020).

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Daly, H.E. (1990). "Toward some operational principles of sustainable development".

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United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

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