Ocean liner - Knowledge (XXG)

147: 1875:

cabin class and the steerage class. The passengers travelling on the former were wealthy passengers and they enjoyed certain comfort in that class. The passengers travelling on the latter were members of the middle class or the working class. In that class, they were packed in large dormitories. Until the beginning of the 20th century, they did not always have bedsheets and meals. An intermediate class for tourists and members of the middle class gradually appeared. The cabins were then divided into three classes. The facilities offered to passengers developed over time. In the 1870s, the installation of bathtubs and oil lamps caused a sensation on board

432:, Isambard Kingdom Brunel laid the foundations for new shipbuilding techniques. He realised that the carrying capacity of a ship increases as the cube of its dimensions, whilst the water resistance only increases as the square of its dimensions. This means that large ships are more fuel-efficient, something very important for long voyages across the Atlantic. Constructing large ships was therefore more profitable. Moreover, migration to the Americas increased enormously. These movements of population were a financial windfall for the shipping companies, some of the largest of which were founded during this time. Examples are the 1926: 33: 1956: 1261: 5624: 2408: 1941: 1517: 1910: 1009: 2299: 1988: 2198: 496: 785:. Ultimately their owner was American (as mentioned above, White Star Line had been absorbed into J. P. Morgan's trust). Faced with this major competition, the British government contributed financially to Cunard Line's construction of two liners of unmatched size and speed, under the condition that they be available for conversion into armed cruisers when needed by the navy. The result of this partnership was the completion in 1907 of two sister ships: 702: 693:. She quickly obtained the Blue Riband for her company. This race for speed, however, was a detriment to passengers' comfort and generated strong vibration, which made her owner lose any interest in her after she lost the Blue Riband to another ship of Norddeutscher Lloyd. She was only used for ten years for transatlantic crossing before being converted into a cruise ship. Until 1907 the Blue Riband remained in the hands of the Germans. 444: 2918: 261: 2680: 1443: 2147: 1723: 146: 378: 716: 458: 734: 187: 799:, both of which won the Blue Riband during their respective maiden voyages. The latter retained this distinction for twenty years. Their great speed was achieved by the use of turbines instead of conventional expansion machines. In response to the competition from Cunard Line, White Star Line ordered the 584:

in 1868), competed strongly against each other in the late 1860s. The struggle was symbolised by the attainment of the Blue Riband, which the two companies achieved several times around the end of the century. The luxury and technology of ships were also evolving. Auxiliary sails became obsolete and

1874:

The first ocean liners were designed to carry mostly migrants. On-board sanitary conditions were often deplorable and epidemics were frequent. In 1848, maritime laws imposing hygiene rules were adopted and they improved on-board living conditions. Gradually, two distinct classes were developed: the

1816:

In the early 1840s, the average speed of liners was less than 10 knots (a crossing of the Atlantic thus took about 12 days or more). In the 1870s, the average speed of liners increased to around 15 knots the duration of a transatlantic crossing shortened to around 7 days, owing to the technological

480:

and became the first to dedicate the activity of his shipping company to the transport of mails, thus ensuring regular services on a given schedule. The company's vessels operated the routes between the United Kingdom and the United States. Over time, the paddle wheel, impractical on the high seas,

402:

left Liverpool on 4 April and arrived in New York eighteen days later on 22 April after a turbulent crossing. Too little coal was prepared for the crossing, and the crew had to burn cabin furniture in order to complete the voyage. The journey took place at a speed of 8.03 knots. The voyage was made

221:

The advent of the Jet Age and the decline in transoceanic ship service brought about a gradual transition from passenger ships to modern cruise ships as a means of transportation. In order for ocean liners to remain profitable, cruise lines modified some of them to operate on cruise routes, such as

85:

Though ocean liners share certain similarities with cruise ships, they must be able to travel between continents from point A to point B on a fixed schedule, so must be faster and built to withstand the rough seas and adverse conditions encountered on long voyages across the open ocean. To protect

1137:

also played an important role, causing a drastic decrease in the number of people crossing the Atlantic and at the same time reducing the number of profitable transatlantic voyages. In response, shipping companies redirected many of their liners to a more profitable cruise service. In 1934, in the

1318:

Before the Second World War, aircraft had not posed a significant economic threat to ocean liners. Most pre-war aircraft were noisy, vulnerable to bad weather, and/or incapable of the range needed for transoceanic flights; all were expensive and had a small passenger capacity. The war accelerated

1736:

Since their beginning in the 19th century, ocean liners needed to meet growing demands. The first liners were small and overcrowded, leading to unsanitary conditions on board. Eliminating these phenomena required larger ships, to reduce the crowding of passengers, and faster ships, to reduce the

209:

Shipping lines are companies engaged in shipping passengers and cargo, often on established routes and schedules. Regular scheduled voyages on a set route are called "line voyages" and vessels (passenger or cargo) trading on these routes to a timetable are called liners. The alternative to liner

352:

in 27 days. Most of the distance was covered by sailing; the steam power was not used for more than 72 hours during the travel. The public enthusiasm for the new technology was not high, as none of the thirty-two people who had booked a seat boarded the ship for that historic voyage. Although

201:

The busiest route for liners was on the North Atlantic with ships travelling between Europe and North America. It was on this route that the fastest, largest and most advanced liners travelled, though most ocean liners historically were mid-sized vessels which served as the common carriers of

275: 229:. Certain characteristics of older ocean liners made them unsuitable for cruising, such as high fuel consumption, deep draught preventing them from entering shallow ports, and cabins (often windowless) designed to maximize passenger numbers rather than comfort. The 1696:

since 1996, and now relies on funds to keep her afloat in hopes of restoration and redevelopment. She was purchased by RXR Realty in 2020 with intentions of being redeveloped into a museum, hotel, and multi-use space, but no progress has been made as of 2022.

2720:, which took approximately 1,500 lives, highlighted the overconfidence of the shipping companies in their ships, such as the failure to put enough lifeboats on board. Safety measures at sea were reexamined following the incident. Two years later, in 1914, 2165:. Both were founded during the 1830s and engaged in strong competition against one another, possessing the largest and fastest liners in the world in the early 20th century. It was not until 1934 that financial difficulty caused the two to merge, forming 1831:

reached a speed of 27 knots. Their records seemed unbeatable, and most shipping companies abandoned the race for speed in favor of size, luxury, and safety. The advent of ships with diesel engines, and of those whose engines were oil-burning, such as the

1817:

progress made in the propulsion of ships: the rudimentary steam boilers gave rise to more elaborate machineries and the paddlewheel gradually disappeared, replaced first by one screw then by two screws. At the beginning of the 20th century, Cunard Line's

206:. Such routes included Europe to African and Asian colonies, Europe to South America, and migrant traffic from Europe to North America in the 19th and first two decades of the 20th centuries, and to Canada and Australia after the Second World War. 1375:, was also used as a cruise ship. By the early 1960s, 95% of passenger traffic across the Atlantic was by aircraft. Thus the reign of the ocean liners came to an end. By the early 1970s, many passenger ships continued their service in cruising. 536:

took a different approach. It equipped its ships with cold rooms, heating systems, and various other innovations but the operation was expensive. The sinking of two of its ships was a major blow to the company which was dissolved in 1858.

1688:. These plans were ultimately abandoned and the ship was again made available for sale, never having left port in Rotterdam. Astoria was reported to have been sold for scrap in January 2023, but this has been denied by the ship's owner. 955:

on 7 May 1915 caused the loss of 128 American lives at a time when the United States was still neutral. Although other factors came into play, the loss of American lives in the sinking strongly pushed the United States to favour the

471:

The steam engine also allowed ships to provide regular service without the use of sail. This aspect particularly appealed to the postal companies, which leased the services of ships to serve clients separated by the ocean. In 1839,

293:

and the inter-continental trade rendered the development of secure links between continents imperative. Being at the top among the colonial powers, the United Kingdom needed stable maritime routes to connect different parts of its

2184:

with its close relationship with the government. Over the course of its history, it took over many shipping companies, becoming one of the largest companies in the world before legal problems led to its liquidation in 1931. The

1172:

The Second World War was a conflict rich in events involving liners. From the start of the conflict, German liners were requisitioned and many were turned into barracks ships. It was in the course of this activity that the

614:

set a new standard for ocean travel by having its first-class cabins amidships, with the added amenity of large portholes, electricity and running water. The size of ocean liners increased from 1880 to meet the needs of

98:

for greater stability, and have large capacities for fuel, food, and other consumables on long voyages. On an ocean liner, the captain's tower (bridge) is usually positioned on the upper deck for increased visibility.

2245:, while the MM operated in French colonies in Asia and Africa. Decolonization in the second half of the 20th century led to a sharp decline in profit for the MM, and it merged with the CGT in 1975 to form the 162:

arriving in New York in 1907. As the primary means of trans-oceanic voyages for over a century, ocean liners were essential to the transportation needs of national governments, business firms, and the general

153: 2399:, the details of which have been recounted in numerous books, films and documentaries. This route was the preferred route for major shipping companies and was the scene of fierce competition between them. 357:

had proven that a steamship was capable of crossing the ocean, the public was not yet prepared to trust such means of travel on the open sea, and, in 1820, the steam engine was removed from the vessel.

403:

possible by the use of a condenser, which fed the boilers with fresh water, avoiding having to periodically shut down the boilers in order to remove the salt. The feat was short-lived. The next day,

106:

innovations such as the steam engine, Diesel engine and steel hull allowed larger and faster liners to be built, giving rise to a competition between world powers of the time, especially between the

2392:

was awarded to the liner with the highest speed. The route was not without danger, as storm and icebergs are common in the North Atlantic. Many shipwrecks occurred on this route, among them that of

5518: 1133:

A crisis arose when the United States drastically reduced its immigrant quotas, causing shipping companies to lose a large part of their income and to have to adapt to this circumstance. The

1130:

of the French Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT). The ship was the largest ship afloat at the time of her completion in 1935. She was also the fastest, winning the Blue Riband in 1935.

2216:, competed in Germany. The First and Second World Wars dealt much damage to the two companies, both forced to renounce their ships to the winning side in both wars. The two merged to form 1022:

After a period of reconstruction, the shipping companies recovered quickly from the damage caused by the First World War. The ships, whose construction was started before the war, such as

365:

managed to cross the Atlantic by using steam power on most of the voyage; sail was used only when the boilers were cleaned. There were still many skeptics, and in 1836, scientific writer

94:), as well as a longer bow than a cruise ship. Additionally, for additional strength they are often designed with thicker hull plating than is found on cruise ships, as well as a deeper 2017:. These gigantic shipyards employed a large portion of the population of cities and built hulls, machines, furnitures and lifeboats. Among the other well-known British shipyards were 1709:

was purchased by Brock Pierce in 2021, with the intent of turning her into a hotel. Her future is uncertain as it was reported in July 2021 that no progress has been made since then.

2531:

Ocean liners on the Pacific route brought large numbers of migrants from East Asia to the Americas, especially the United States, which continued despite successive laws restricting

55:

primarily used for transportation across seas or oceans. Ocean liners may also carry cargo or mail, and may sometimes be used for other purposes (such as for pleasure cruises or as

2270:. Unlike the French and German industry the Holland America Line had no domestic rival in this trade and only had to compete with foreign lines. The other two Dutch lines were the 1578:(1914). While originally being a cargo ship, it served as the Italian ocean liner Franca C. for Costa Lines from 1952 to 1959, and in 2010 it became a dry berthed luxury hotel on 857:. Germany soon responded to the competition from the British. From 1912 to 1914, Hamburg America Line completed a trio of liners significantly larger than the White Star Line's 373:

As the project of making the voyage directly from New York to Liverpool, it was perfectly chimerical, and they might as well talk of making the voyage from New York to the moon.

551:. She had the capacity to carry 4,000 passengers. Her career was marked by a series of failures and incidents, one of which was an explosion on board during her maiden voyage. 1244:

was attacked by German planes, then torpedoed by a U-boat when tugs tried to tow her to safety. Out of all the innovative and glamorous inter-war superliners, only the Cunard

573:

and sailing between Hamburg and New York twice a month, suffered an accidental fire off the coast of Newfoundland and sank with the loss of all but 89 of the 542 passengers.

639:

of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1884. They were record breakers by the standards of the time, and were the largest liners then in service, plying the Liverpool to New York route.

214:, that is, line-of-battle ships, but that usage is now rare.) The term "ocean liner" has come to be used interchangeably with "passenger liner", although it can refer to a 1925: 1290:

as troopships during the war. To ensure a reliable and fast troop transport in case of a war against the Soviet Union, the U.S. government sponsored the construction of

1072:

made American liners alcohol-free, causing alcohol-seeking passengers to choose other liners for travel and substantially reducing profits for the United States Lines.

1397: 562:

were sailing from major German ports, such as Hamburg and Bremen, to the United States during this time. The year 1858 was marked by a major accident: the sinking of

5554: 1955: 2360:

The most important of all routes taken by ocean liners was the North Atlantic route. It accounted for a large part of the clientele, who traveled between ports of

210:

trade is "tramping" whereby vessels are notified on an ad hoc basis as to the availability of a cargo to be transported. (In older usage, "liner" also referred to

4379: 2497:

Colonization made Asia particularly attractive to shipping companies. Many government officials must travel there from time to time. As early as the 1840s, the

1369:, launched in 1962 and 1963, were two of the last ocean liners to be built primarily for liner service across the North Atlantic. Cunard's transatlantic liner, 1212:, after the ship was torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, with more than 9,000 lives lost, making it the deadliest maritime disaster in history; and the sinking of 903:, participated in the war as warships. Troop transportation was very popular due to the liners' large size. Liners converted into troop ships were painted in 2388:. The profitability of this route came from migration to the United States. The need for speed influenced the construction of liners for this route, and the 4268: 1940: 1862:

set a record that remains today: 34.5 knots (3 days and 12 hours of crossing the Atlantic). In addition, since 1935, the Blue Riband is accompanied by the

107: 5733: 1234:

caught fire, capsized, and sank in New York in 1942 while being converted for troop duty. Many of the superliners of the 1920s and 1930s were victims of

1203: 652:, and was fitted with refrigeration equipment. She plied the Suez Canal route from England to Australia during the 1890s, up until the years leading to 5984: 4394: 3073: 682:

that have emerged in maritime history. The ship needed only two funnels, but more funnels gave passengers a feeling of safety and power. In 1900, the

323:

in thirty hours before entering into regular service between the two cities. Soon after, other vessels were built using this innovation. In 1816, the

2838:

that hits an iceberg and sinks in the North Atlantic with great loss of lives. The similarities between the plot of the novel and the sinking of the

306:, with a fleet of sailing ships, offered the first regular passenger service with emphasis on passenger comfort, from England to the United States. 118:. Once the dominant form of travel between continents, ocean liners were rendered largely obsolete by the emergence of long-distance aircraft after 2224: 1145:

proposed to merge the two companies in order to solve their financial problems. The merger took place in 1934 and launched the construction of the

854: 437: 303: 1909: 168:

Ocean liners were the primary mode of intercontinental travel for over a century, from the mid-19th century until they began to be supplanted by

4471: 2617:

of 1952 was the result of a desire by the United States government to possess a large and fast ship that is convertible into a troop transport.

2532: 1417: 1413: 1274:

After the war, some ships were again transferred from the defeated nations to the winning nations as war reparations. This was the case of the

2443:

route. There was not the same level of competition in the South Atlantic as there was in the North Atlantic. There were fewer shipwrecks. The

985:, while the three surviving ships of the Kaiser class were requisitioned by the US Navy in the context of the conflict and then retained. The 4645: 2610:

of 1907 were built with the help of the British government with the desire that the United Kingdom would regain its prestige as a sea power.

1297:

and entered it into service for the United States Lines in 1952. She won the Blue Riband on her maiden voyage in that year and held it until

302:, India, Australia, etc. The birth of the concept of international water and the lack of any claim to it simplified navigation. In 1818, the 1630:(1967), and Queen Mary 2 (2003). Out of these eight ocean liners, only one is still active and three of them have since been preserved. The 5433: 4299: 3524: 247:, the last ocean liners to be built primarily for crossing the North Atlantic, could not be converted economically and had short careers. 2794:, resulting in the death of one of the hostages being held by the hijackers. In 1994, she caught fire and sank off the coast of Somalia. 5547: 5452: 2895: 2830: 2093: 1803: 782: 756: 2523:, put into service in 1949, was one of the flagships of its fleet. Decolonization caused the loss in the profitability of these ships. 2466:

was frequented by many ocean liners. Many companies benefited from migration from Italy and the Balkans to the United States. Cunard's

5395: 5370: 5351: 5332: 5313: 5294: 5275: 2880: 4493: 1882:. In the following years, the number of amenities became numerous, for example: smoking rooms, lounges, and promenade deck. In 1907, 5979: 5827: 5471: 5256: 4567: 3269: 3053: 2108: 2501:

organized trips to Calcutta via the Suez Isthmus, as the canal had not yet been built. The time it took to travel on this route to

678:. The ship was both luxurious and fast, managing to steal the Blue Riband from the British. She was also the first of the fourteen 5623: 5414: 2846: 2596:

of 1900 had the honor to bear the name of its mother country, an honor which she lost after ten years of a disappointing career.

4895: 3336: 78:, even those equipped to handle limited numbers of passengers. Some shipping companies refer to themselves as "lines" and their 4922: 4540: 4349: 2177: 1536:

Four ocean liners made before the Second World War survive today as they have been partially or fully preserved as museums and

1192:

Many liners were sunk with great loss of life; in the Second World War the three worst disasters were the loss of the Cunarder

990: 649: 548: 1760:(20,904 GT) was completed. The tonnage then grew profoundly: the first liners to have a tonnage that exceeded 20,000 were the 1041:, were also put back into service and had a successful career in the early 1920s. More modern liners were also built, such as 5540: 4513: 3604: 4856: 3820: 2485:

route. Similarly, Italian liners crossed the Mediterranean Sea before entering the North Atlantic Ocean. The opening of the

202:

passengers and freight between nations and among other countries and their colonies and dependencies before the dawn of the

824:

on her maiden voyage on 15 April 1912, resulting in several changes to maritime safety practices. As for the third sister,

2956: 2407: 1239: 1155:

was the fastest ship of her time and the largest for a short amount of time, she captured the Blue Riband twice, both off

4129: 2791: 2742: 2659:

had many admirers during their careers, and their retirement and scrapping caused certain sadness. The same was true of

2112: 2013:

shipyard of Belfast were particularly innovative and succeeded in winning the trust of many shipping companies, such as

1670: 668: 499: 4324: 2748:

in 1915, which resulted in the loss of 1,198 lives and provoked an international outcry, the naval mine sinking of the

585:

disappeared completely at the end of the century. Possible military use of passenger ships was envisaged and, in 1889,

532:

where she was used as a warehouse, quarantine ship, and coal hulk until she was scuttled in 1937. The American company

3425: 2540: 1779: 1139: 4730: 967:

in 1919. This led to the awarding of many German liners to the victorious Allies. The Hamburg America Line's trio (

813:, completed in 1911, had a fine career, although punctuated by incidents. This was not the case for her sister, the 513:

in 1845, and then steel hulls, solved this problem. The first ship to be both iron-hulled and equipped with a screw

5203: 3609: 3480: 2888: 2714: 2586: 2084:. Many of these shipyards were destroyed during World War II; some managed to recover and continue building ships. 1761: 821: 774: 601: 2421:

The South Atlantic was the route frequented by liners bound for South America, Africa, and sometimes Oceania. The

899:

were transformed into hospital ships during the conflict. Others became troop transports, while some, such as the

421:

s record with an average speed of 8.66 knots. The race of speed was commenced, and, with it, the tradition of the

32: 2257: 1769: 1431: 1324: 800: 1737:

duration of transatlantic crossings. The iron and steel hulls and steam power allowed for these advances. Thus,

1260: 4177: 3498: 1069: 675: 510: 313:

succeeded in applying steam engines to ships. He built the first ship that was powered by this technology, the

2807:

Ocean liners have a strong impact on popular culture, whether during their golden age or afterwards. In 1867,

2861: 2787: 2029: 1516: 1456:

By the first decade of the 21st century, only a few former ocean liners were still in existence; some, like

411: 381: 596:

in history. In the time of war, ships could easily be equipped with cannons and used in cases of conflict.

5847: 5660: 5523: 5488:

Russell, Mark A. "Steamship nationalism: Transatlantic passenger liners as symbols of the German Empire."

2721: 2317:

was founded in 1932 as a result of a merger of three companies. It was known for operating liners such as

2181: 1557: 1344: 719: 657: 635:

were the last two Cunard liners of the period to be fitted with auxiliary sails. Both ships were built by

763:

and White Star Line. The British government then decided to intervene in order to regain the ascendancy.

74:

where the voyage itself, and not transportation, is the primary purpose of the trip. Nor does it include

6005: 5832: 4178:"Australian billionaire says 'Titanic' replica will set sail in 2027—but first he has to build the ship" 2604: 2590: 2514: 2228: 2022: 957: 793: 705: 687: 314: 290: 1327:, with their range and massive carrying capacity, were natural prototypes for post-war next-generation 1008: 5837: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2762:, which caught fire and sank in the Gulf of Aden in 1932, killing 54 people. In 1956, the sinking of 2756: 2728: 2565: 2253: 2209: 1669:

in 1956) has been rebuilt and refitted as a cruise ship over the years and was in active service for

1647: 1301:

won it back in 1986 with Virgin Atlantic Challenger II. One year later, in 1953, Italy completed the

964: 942: 935: 683: 555: 324: 91: 6010: 5964: 5908: 5690: 2903: 2873: 2660: 2412: 2310: 2213: 2202: 2054: 1883: 1796: 1207: 1160: 1142: 1049: 1042: 982: 876: 664: 636: 559: 2298: 443: 172:

in the 1950s. In addition to passengers, liners carried mail and cargo. Ships contracted to carry

5918: 5593: 2699: 2625: 1427: 1383: 1340: 1178: 1113: 767: 524:, a creation of Brunel. Her career was disastrous and short. She was run aground and stranded at 349: 4291: 1987: 5244: 4420: 766:

Although German liners dominated in terms of speed, British liners dominated in terms of size.

759:, a trust which originally comprised only American shipping companies. The trust then absorbed 495: 5695: 5598: 5467: 5448: 5429: 5410: 5391: 5366: 5347: 5328: 5309: 5290: 5271: 5252: 4641: 3265: 3049: 2698:

Some ocean liners are known today because of their sinking with great loss of lives. In 1873,

2643: 2463: 2283: 2186: 2123: 2081: 2061: 2010: 1998: 1991: 1876: 1754: 1674: 1626: 1547: 1370: 1065: 904: 755:

embraced the idea of a maritime empire comprising a large number of companies. He founded the

744: 679: 608: 593: 488:

began its first regular passenger and cargo service by a steamship, sailing from Liverpool to

366: 345: 274: 211: 123: 2981: 5943: 5928: 5862: 5806: 5705: 5608: 5387: 2825: 2812: 2780: 2636: 2632: 2611: 2498: 2239: 2197: 2170: 1856: 1833: 1745: 1739: 1593: 1561: 1457: 1421: 1409: 1405: 1291: 1264: 1134: 1098: 1083: 1076: 847: 541: 529: 518: 509:

As the size of ship increased, the wooden hull became fragile. Beginning with the use of an

461: 433: 404: 396: 385: 320: 279: 266: 223: 2129:

Italy and the Netherlands also had shipyards capable of building large ships (for example,

90:

and promenade deck with higher positioning of lifeboats (the height above water called the

17: 5933: 5923: 5743: 5728: 5675: 5603: 5513: 4926: 4899: 4860: 4734: 4571: 4544: 4517: 3014: 2868: 2820: 2763: 2684: 2422: 2325: 2275: 2162: 2151: 2014: 1894: 1765: 1356: 1302: 1298: 1023: 948: 577: 334: 234: 180: 4560: 4216: 3528: 3340: 1778:, first completed in 1911, were the first to have a tonnage that exceeded 45,000 and the 2535:; the journey typically took three weeks, with many impoverished migrants travelling in 1426:

was requisitioned as a hospital ship, and served after the war as a troopship until the

701: 5903: 5763: 5685: 5670: 5665: 4446: 3042: 2749: 2666: 2646:'s desire to build on French national pride and was financed by the French government. 2506: 2444: 2047: 1849: 1825: 1618: 1600: 1572: 1551: 1501: 1468: 1320: 1193: 1146: 1013: 831:, she never served her intended purpose as a passenger ship, as she was drafted in the 825: 295: 173: 82:, which often operate over set routes according to established schedules, as "liners". 79: 52: 2009:

were the most famed in shipbuilding during the great era of ocean liners. In Ireland,

5999: 5974: 5969: 5852: 5720: 5613: 5564: 5508: 4888: 2923: 2899: 2878:, which was used as a floating prop and was scuttled for the occasion. The 1972 film 2597: 2467: 2448: 2385: 2097: 2040: 2033: 1818: 1579: 1379: 1213: 1199: 890: 836: 786: 482: 473: 447: 310: 191: 156: 111: 75: 56: 4915: 4533: 4357: 1138:

United Kingdom, Cunard Line and White Star Line were in very bad shape financially.

5888: 5680: 5645: 5493: 3798: 2917: 2679: 2561: 2518: 2517:

operated on this route, notably in the 1930s, with its motor ships. Similarly, the

2332: 2314: 2303: 2264: 2232: 2116: 2101: 1863: 1843: 1807: 1789: 1726: 1693: 1678: 1605: 1529: 1505: 1446: 1442: 1401: 1363: 1352: 1336: 1282:. The United States government was very impressed with the service of the Cunard's 1166: 1124: 1102: 968: 869: 862: 846:

At the same time, France tried to mark its presence with the completion in 1912 of

760: 752: 586: 581: 533: 395:

The last step toward long-distance travel using steam power was taken in 1837 when

241: 230: 129: 119: 95: 37: 4506: 3614: 1642:

has been a floating luxury hotel and museum at Mina Rashid, Dubai since 2018. The

1075:

In 1929, Germany returned to the scene with the two ships of Norddeutscher Lloyd,

5381: 4849: 4055: 3828: 2157:

There were many British shipping companies; two were particularly distinguished:

2077: 5883: 5857: 5811: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5748: 5738: 5710: 5700: 2951: 2808: 2732: 2706: 2654: 2585:. The revival of power of the German navy stemmed from the clear affirmation of 2582: 2556: 2389: 2365: 2337: 2217: 2166: 2158: 2130: 2018: 1839: 1556:(1934) was preserved in 1967 after her retirement, and became a museum/hotel in 1541: 1497: 1474: 1464: 1391: 1030: 832: 807: 737: 653: 629: 616: 525: 477: 422: 338: 215: 183:. Liners were also the preferred way to move gold and other high-value cargoes. 87: 71: 4395:"The SS United States is in a rent dispute that could leave it without a berth" 3429: 2860:

Ocean liners were often a setting of a love story in films, such as the 1939's

2256:

operated mostly on the north Atlantic route and with well known ships like the

1749:(18,915 GRT) were constructed in 1838 and 1858 respectively. The record set by 1489:, built in 2003–04, used for both point-to-point line voyages and for cruises. 260: 5913: 5796: 5753: 5655: 5632: 5583: 4133: 2913: 2770: 2486: 2343: 2231:. The CGT operated on the North Atlantic route with well-known liners such as 2223:

The ocean liner industry in France also consisted of two rival companies: the

2073: 1722: 1682: 1611: 1586: 1537: 1493: 1348: 1332: 1319:

development of large, long-ranged aircraft. Four-engined bombers, such as the

1309: 1220: 989:, whose construction was delayed by the outbreak of war eventually became the 919: 840: 622: 563: 186: 176: 103: 4447:"Why is the once glorious maritime city of Zhanjiang now deserted and rusty?" 3102: 2313:

competed with European companies for the North Atlantic trade. In Italy, the

1788:

first completed in 1913 became the 1st liners with tonnage exceeding 50,000.

1528:) in 2016 as a cruise ship. Much of her original hull remains, including her 1033:, were completed and put into service. Prominent British liners, such as the 5938: 5898: 5650: 2946: 2551: 2474: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2377: 2361: 2287: 2069: 1635: 1355:

followed, and much long-distance travel was done by air. The Italian Line's

963:

The losses of the liners owned by the Allied Powers were compensated by the

931: 908: 514: 377: 330: 2189:

operated in Africa and the Indian Ocean with a fleet of considerable size.

2146: 885:

The First World War was a hard time for the liners. Some of them, like the

715: 457: 1382:, three active or former liners were requisitioned for war service by the 122:. Advances in automobile and railway technology also played a role. After 5948: 5893: 5842: 4723: 2547: 2536: 2373: 2006: 1651: 1328: 1061: 642: 570: 299: 169: 128:

was retired in 2008, the only ship still in service as an ocean liner is

5532: 3502: 3484: 1571:, England as another museum. The latest ship to undergo preservation is 1123:

won the westbound Blue Riband in 1933). France reentered the scene with

733: 5867: 2982:"Maritime historian Chris Frame: how the ocean liner changed the world" 2839: 2665:, whose scrapping aroused strong emotion from her admirers. Similarly, 2482: 2393: 2369: 2246: 1568: 923: 814: 723: 604:

of Germany, who wanted to see his country endowed with a modern fleet.

203: 2335:, also known as NYK Lines, which ran trans-Pacific liners such as the 270:

was the first ship to cross the Atlantic using continuous steam power.

5527: 4380:"Owner denies world's oldest cruise ship has been sold for recycling" 3605:"The White Star Line and the International Mercantile Marine Company" 2710: 2618: 2440: 2318: 1890: 1235: 1106: 489: 344:

became the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. She left the

115: 2866:

Liners were also used as a setting of disaster films. The 1960 film

2282:(KRL); both offered regular service between the Netherlands and the 1206:

from France, with the loss of more than 3,000 lives; the sinking of

1151:

while progressively sending their older ships to the scrapyard. The

361:

Work on this technology continued and a new step was taken in 1833.

4226:. New York, NY: World Ship Society, Port of New York. November 2015 5791: 5640: 5588: 4269:"'Forlorn' QE2 is not coming home from Dubai, campaigners concede" 2678: 2510: 2502: 2478: 2406: 1986: 1721: 1515: 1441: 1259: 1007: 732: 729:

in 1912 led to a serious re-examination of safety measures at sea.

714: 700: 494: 456: 442: 414:, arrived in New York. She left Liverpool on 8 April and overtook 376: 273: 259: 185: 67: 31: 4191: 2539:

class conditions. Some of the finest ships on the route, such as

981:) were divided between the Cunard Line, White Star Line, and the 481:

was abandoned in favour of the propeller. In 1840, Cunard Line's

5578: 5212: 5015: 4636:

Shifrin, Malcolm (2015). "Chapter 23: The Turkish bath at sea".

4472:"Brock Pierce: O criptomilionário que comprou o paquete Funchal" 2884:

has become a classic of the genre and has spawned many remakes.

2381: 5536: 1701:

was beached in Zhanjiang, China as a tourist attraction called

4245: 1802:

raised the record of size to a tonnage of 83,673. She was the

4155: 1202:

to German bombing while attempting to evacuate troops of the

70:

or other vessels engaged in short-sea trading, nor dedicated

27:

Ship designed to transport people from one seaport to another

806:

liners at the end of 1907. The first of these three liners,

102:

The first ocean liners were built in the mid-19th century.

5287:

The Olympic Class Ships : Olympic, Titanic, Britannic

1335:

technology also accelerated due to wartime development of

319:, which succeeded in travelling between New York City and 4192:"Visit Bristol's attraction – Brunel's ss Great Britain" 2741:

Among the other sinkings are the torpedo sinking of the

1119:

in 1932, breaking the records of both luxury and speed (

777:

of the White Star Line were the first liners to surpass

190:

Cunard Line poster of 1921, with a cutaway of the liner

2906:

being the most well-known and commercially successful.

2122:. France also had major shipyards on the shores of the 1795:, completed in 1935, had a tonnage of 79,280. In 1940, 922:

in 1916 after she struck a mine. Numerous incidents of

5426:

Ocean Liner Twilight: Steaming to Adventure, 1968-1979

2581:

The construction of some ocean liners was a result of

2447:

operated on this route; among its ships was the famed

1018:, serving as a troopship, arriving in New York in 1945 63:

is the only ocean liner still in service to this day.

1097:

after the latter had held it for twenty years. Soon,

1068:

ships counted as an extension of U.S. territory, the

882:, was paused by the outbreak of the First World War. 861:-class ships. The first to be completed, in 1913 was 2769:, with the loss of 46 lives, after a collision with 2705:

struck an underwater rock and sank off the coast of

941:

off the coast of west Africa, while her sister ship

5957: 5876: 5820: 5762: 5719: 5631: 5571: 2286:, the Dutch colony in South East Asia now known as 2227:(commonly known as "Transat" or "French Line") and 3041: 1838:, in the early 1930s, relaunched the race for the 1308:, which later sank in 1956 after a collision with 960:and facilitated the country's entry into the war. 5734:Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) 4494:"Paquete Funchal transformado em hotel flutuante" 2589:to see his country become a sea power. Thus, the 2489:made the Mediterranean a possible route to Asia. 1753:was not beaten until 43 years later in 1901 when 1416:. The P&O educational cruise ship and former 1000:, because of her poor state, avoided this fate. 918:, while serving as a hospital ship, sank in the 540:In 1858, Brunel built his third and last giant, 2894:also attracted attention of filmmakers. Nearly 2068:Germany had many shipyards on the coast of the 1181:and was scrapped in 1941. During the conflict, 914:The war was marked by the loss of many liners. 907:to reduce the risk of being torpedoed by enemy 337:. Another important advance came in 1819, when 86:against large waves they usually have a higher 3651: 3649: 2252:The Netherlands had three main companies. The 1900:was the first liner to offer a movie theatre. 1567:(1843) was also preserved, and now resides in 1343:became the first commercial jet airliner; the 1189:provided distinguished service as troopships. 875:in 1914. The construction of the third liner, 5548: 5016:"History of Angel Island Immigration Station" 4350:"Astoria Set for the Auction Block Once More" 3264:. Allen Lane: The Penguin Press. p. 86. 1585:Post-war ocean liners still existent include 1485:in 2008, the only ocean liner in service was 1219:with more than 7,000 lives lost, both in the 8: 3044:Lost Treasure Ships of the Twentieth Century 2713:, killing at least 535 people. In 1912, the 2173:also occupied a large part of the business. 1705:in 1998, though has been closed as of 2022. 1638:as a museum and hotel since 2008, while the 926:took place and large numbers of ships sank. 5346:(in French). Sélection du Reader's Digest. 5140: 5104: 5051: 5020:Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation 4599: 4587: 4312:Deng Xiaoping visit and naming of Sea World 4115: 4041: 4017: 4005: 3897: 3885: 3682: 3455: 3400: 3385: 3323: 3311: 3299: 3220: 3203: 3174: 3147: 3135: 2631:of 1932 were constructed at the demands of 2290:, and had a long-lasting friendly rivalry. 1673:until operations ceased in 2020 due to the 1500:, which sank in 1912. The ship is owned by 1412:to recover the Falklands from the invading 5555: 5541: 5533: 5247:Les "Provinces" Transatlantiques 1882–1927 2671:was very popular with the British people. 2115:shipyard, which has built ships including 1681:to be transformed into a hotel along with 1646:was refurbished as a hotel for use at the 1508:, the ship is set to be launched by 2027. 554:Many ships owned by German companies like 289:At the beginning of the 19th century, the 5985:List of merchant navy capacity by country 5490:International Journal of Maritime History 4833: 4831: 4672: 4623: 3945: 3933: 3921: 3736: 3096: 3094: 3067: 3065: 3048:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. 2790:off the coast of Egypt by members of the 1165:, was interrupted by the outbreak of the 1159:. The construction of a second ship, the 1064:of the company's fleet. Because all U.S. 686:competed with its own four-funnel liner, 528:in 1846. In 1884, she was retired to the 5517:) is being considered for deletion. See 5342:Mars, Christian; Jubelin, Frank (2001). 5243:Rémy, Max; Le Boutilly, Laurent (2016). 5071:, the Last French Passenger Liner; p. 45 4978: 4966: 4954: 4876: 4837: 4822: 4509:The Largest Passenger Ships in the World 4132:. The Great Ocean Liners. Archived from 4087: 4085: 3993: 3655: 3573: 3284: 3247: 3243: 3241: 3162: 2297: 2196: 2145: 1848:won it in 1935 before being snatched by 1504:and is bought by Australian businessman 1492:A proposed and planned ocean liner, the 1278:, which was ceded to France and renamed 674:. She was followed three years later by 43:is the only ocean liner still in service 5152: 5128: 5116: 5092: 5080: 5039: 5002: 4990: 4942: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4708: 4696: 4684: 4660: 4611: 4130:"Queen Elizabeth 2: 1969 – Present Day" 4103: 4091: 4076: 4029: 3981: 3969: 3957: 3909: 3873: 3861: 3849: 3784: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3724: 3712: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3693: 3691: 3678: 3676: 3667: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3590: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3561: 3549: 3467: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3412: 3396: 3394: 3373: 3361: 3295: 3293: 3232: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3191: 3123: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2973: 2845:14 years later led to the assertion of 2834:, which features a British ocean liner 2649:Some liners did gain great popularity. 1931:The second-class smoking room on board 1905: 1677:. In August, 2021 she was purchased by 1550:, Japan, as a museum ship, since 1961. 1434:, which could handle trooping flights. 1177:caught fire while under conversion for 648:was a 6,814-ton steamship owned by the 576:In the British market, Cunard Line and 5225: 5188: 5176: 5164: 4325:"CMV to replace Discovery from the UK" 3187: 3185: 3183: 3158: 3156: 2533:Asian immigration to the United States 1806:ever constructed until 1997. In 2003, 1496:, is a modern replica of the original 1418:British India Steam Navigation Company 436:of the United Kingdom in 1822 and the 4302:from the original on 26 November 2020 1961:The first-class dining room on board 1946:The first-class dining room on board 1396:, were requisitioned from Cunard and 1256:Decline of long-distance line voyages 7: 3501:. Chris' Cunard Page. Archived from 3072:Norris, Gregory J. (December 1981). 2092:In France, major shipyards included 2019:Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson 1855:in 1938. It was not until 1952 that 1230:was bombarded and sunk in 1944, and 619:to the United States and Australia. 5308:(in French). Hachette Collections. 5251:(in French). Éditions Minimonde76. 5067::SS Normandie/SS France/SS Norway: 4217:"DOULOS PHOS TO BECOME HOTEL (p.5)" 2831:Futility, or the Wreck of the Titan 2513:was long, with many stopovers. The 2425:had some of its ships, such as the 2212:(often referred to as "HAPAG") and 1893:and a swimming pool. In the 1920s, 1813:became the largest, at 149,215 GT. 1093:won the Blue Riband from Britain's 757:International Mercantile Marine Co. 5363:L'Âge d'or des voyages en paquebot 4445:Travel and life of Hannan (2022). 4421:"The Brazil Maru is still alive!!" 2225:Compagnie Générale Transatlantique 1866:, which is awarded to the winner. 1477:, or laid up at pier side like SS 996:. Of the German superliners, only 855:Compagnie Générale Transatlantique 580:(the latter after being bought by 547:. The ship was, for 43 years, the 438:Compagnie Générale Transatlantique 25: 5980:International Chamber of Shipping 5828:Anchor handling tug supply vessel 5521:to help reach a consensus. › 5383:Secrets of the Great Ocean Liners 5325:Les Plus Beaux Paquebots du Monde 4393:Conde, Ximena (31 January 2023). 4246:"The history of the SS Rotterdam" 2272:Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland 2109:Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 1400:to serve as troopships, carrying 549:largest passenger ship ever built 5622: 5365:(in French). Éditions du Chêne. 5065:303 Arts, recherces et créations 4290:James Baquet (21 January 2011). 4267:Morris, Hugh (13 January 2016). 4248:. Steamship Rotterdam Foundation 3483:. The Red Duster. Archived from 3103:"T/n Michelangelo and Raffaello" 2916: 2811:recounted his experience aboard 2690:sinking after colliding with MS 2675:Maritime disasters and incidents 1954: 1939: 1924: 1908: 951:. The torpedoing and sinking of 145: 4356:. 29 March 2022. Archived from 4156:"Introduction to the SS Uganda" 3527:. Clydemaritime. Archived from 3339:. The Cunarders. Archived from 2280:Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd 2178:Royal Mail Steam Packet Company 1973:Builders and shipping companies 1661:(originally the ocean liner MS 607:In 1870, the White Star Line's 410:, designed by railway engineer 5443:——— (2017). 5424:——— (2007). 5407:Ocean Liner Odyssey, 1958-1969 5306:Au cœur des bateaux de légende 2847:conspiracy theories regarding 2274:(SMN), otherwise known as the 1870:Passenger cabins and amenities 1546:(1929), has been preserved in 680:ocean liners with four funnels 66:The category does not include 1: 3015:"Ocean Liner vs. Cruise Ship" 2957:Passenger terminal (maritime) 2898:were made to depict it, with 2493:Indian Ocean and the Far East 1915:A first-class cabin on board 1671:Cruise & Maritime Voyages 656:when she was converted to an 2792:Palestinian Liberation Front 2635:. Finally, the construction 2587:Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany 2107:. This shipyard merged with 1101:also entered the scene. The 5447:. Windsor: Overview Press. 5428:. Windsor: Overview Press. 5405:Scull, Theodore W. (1998). 5266:Brouard, Jean-Yves (1998). 4739:Musée national de la Marine 2548:Canadian Pacific Steamships 2331:. The Japanese established 2247:Compagnie Générale Maritime 2005:The British and the German 1540:. The Japanese ocean liner 1238:, mines or enemy aircraft. 1204:British Expeditionary Force 1140:Chancellor of the Exchequer 934:after a fierce battle with 18:Superliner (passenger ship) 6027: 5409:. London: Carmania Press. 4425:40anos.nikkeybrasil.com.br 3610:Titanic Historical Society 1481:. After the retirement of 346:U.S. city of the same name 218:or cargo-passenger liner. 5620: 5361:Piouffre, Gérard (2009). 5323:Le Goff, Olivier (1998). 5304:Ferulli, Corrado (2004). 4354:Cruise & Harbour News 4056:"Empress of Britain (II)" 3426:"L'incendie de L'Austria" 3101:Goossens, Reuben (2012). 2731:after colliding with the 2113:Chantiers de l'Atlantique 1325:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 1048:(completed in 1927). The 928:Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 901:Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 671:Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 502:Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse 114:, and to a lesser extent 5519:templates for discussion 5464:L'Âge d'or des paquebots 5390:, University of Oxford. 5380:Sayers, John G. (2021). 5285:Chirnside, Mark (2004). 4925:13 December 2016 at the 4543:29 December 2012 at the 4516:27 February 2017 at the 3797:Layton, J. Kent (2009). 3040:Pickford, Nigel (1999). 2872:was filmed on board the 2642:of 1961 was a result of 2193:German, French and Dutch 2030:John Brown & Company 1070:National Prohibition Act 600:succeeded in impressing 5807:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO) 5706:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO) 5492:28.2 (2016): 313–334. 5216:. Accessed 14 July 2010 5141:Mars & Jubelin 2001 5105:Mars & Jubelin 2001 5052:Mars & Jubelin 2001 4933:. Accessed 13 July 2010 4931:The Great Oceans Liners 4906:. Accessed 13 July 2010 4867:. Accessed 13 July 2010 4859:10 October 2009 at the 4741:. Accessed 12 July 2010 4638:Victorian Turkish Baths 4600:Mars & Jubelin 2001 4588:Mars & Jubelin 2001 4578:. Accessed 12 July 2010 4524:. Accessed 12 July 2010 4271:. Telegraph Media Group 4116:Mars & Jubelin 2001 4042:Mars & Jubelin 2001 4018:Mars & Jubelin 2001 4006:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3898:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3886:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3683:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3456:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3401:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3386:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3324:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3312:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3300:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3221:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3204:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3175:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3148:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3136:Mars & Jubelin 2001 3074:"Evolution of cruising" 1252:would survive the war. 783:largest passenger ships 412:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 382:Isambard Kingdom Brunel 5848:Platform supply vessel 5661:Coastal trading vessel 5268:Paquebots de chez nous 5206:L'aventure du Poséidon 4904:The Great Ocean Liners 4865:The Great Ocean Liners 4733:7 January 2010 at the 4576:The Great Ocean Liners 4570:26 August 2010 at the 4551:. Accessed 2 July 2010 4549:The Great Ocean Liners 4522:The Great Ocean Liners 3825:The Great Ocean Liners 2881:The Poseidon Adventure 2828:wrote the short novel 2695: 2550:which operated out of 2418: 2411:Promotional poster of 2306: 2205: 2182:state-owned enterprise 2154: 2002: 1997:under construction at 1804:largest passenger ship 1733: 1558:Long Beach, California 1533: 1453: 1345:Sud Aviation Caravelle 1271: 1052:, having received the 1019: 868:. She was followed by 748: 730: 712: 658:armed merchant cruiser 506: 468: 454: 392: 375: 286: 271: 198: 44: 5833:Diving support vessel 4536:The Evolution of Size 4419:Wada Yoshiji (2009). 4054:Newman, Jeff (2012). 3481:"The White Star Line" 3262:Victorian Engineering 3260:Rolt, L.T.C. (1970). 2755:in 1916, and that of 2738:. 1,012 people died. 2682: 2515:Messageries Maritimes 2410: 2301: 2229:Messageries Maritimes 2208:Two rival companies, 2200: 2167:Cunard White Star Ltd 2149: 2111:shipyard to form the 2100:, known for building 1990: 1725: 1519: 1445: 1430:station was built at 1263: 1011: 736: 718: 704: 569:. The ship, built in 498: 460: 446: 380: 371: 291:Industrial Revolution 277: 263: 189: 179:used the designation 35: 5838:Emergency tow vessel 5462:Server, Lee (1998). 5327:(in French). Solar. 4898:12 July 2014 at the 4640:. Historic England. 4128:Ljungström, Henrik. 3831:on 18 September 2012 3799:"H.M.H.S. Britannic" 3603:Saphire, William B. 2942:List of ocean liners 2937:List of cruise ships 2932:List of cruise lines 2729:Saint Lawrence River 2566:Queen of the Pacific 2254:Holland America Line 2210:Hamburg America Line 2094:Chantiers de Penhoët 1665:which collided with 1657:The first of these, 1473:, were preserved as 1378:In 1982, during the 993:Empress of Australia 965:Treaty of Versailles 684:Hamburg America Line 650:Orient Steamship Co. 637:John Elder & Co. 628:and her sister ship 556:Hamburg America Line 278:The first voyage of 5965:Nautical operations 5909:Floating restaurant 5691:Lighter aboard ship 3821:"Kronprinz Wilhelm" 3019:Chris's Cunard Page 2776:made the headline. 2715:sinking of the RMS 2564:, became known as ' 2311:United States Lines 2214:Norddeutscher Lloyd 2203:Norddeutscher Lloyd 2011:Harland & Wolff 2001:shipyard in Belfast 1703:Hai Shang Cheng Shi 1692:has been docked in 1634:has been moored in 1467:while others, like 1143:Neville Chamberlain 1050:United States Lines 983:United States Lines 665:Norddeutscher Lloyd 560:Norddeutscher Lloyd 440:of France in 1855. 5919:Merchant submarine 5594:Maritime transport 5466:(in French). MLP. 5445:Ocean Liner Sunset 5270:(in French). MDM. 4382:. 1 February 2023. 4292:"Shekou Sea World" 4196:ssgreatbritain.org 3617:on 28 January 2008 3531:on 5 November 2019 3487:on 19 August 2010. 2824:. In 1898, writer 2798:In popular culture 2724:Empress of Ireland 2696: 2419: 2307: 2206: 2155: 2137:Shipping companies 2003: 1983:British and German 1734: 1534: 1463:, were sailing as 1454: 1428:RAF Mount Pleasant 1384:British Government 1341:De Havilland Comet 1272: 1241:Empress of Britain 1179:Operation Sea Lion 1020: 749: 747:during World War I 731: 713: 697:Early 20th century 676:three sister ships 602:Emperor Wilhelm II 507: 469: 455: 393: 350:Liverpool, England 287: 272: 199: 45: 5993: 5992: 5696:Livestock carrier 5599:Freight transport 5063:Offrey, Charles; 4647:978-1-84802-230-0 4158:. SS Uganda Trust 3801:. Atlantic Liners 2759:Georges Philippar 2644:Charles de Gaulle 2464:Mediterranean Sea 2284:Dutch East Indies 2187:Union Castle Line 2124:Mediterranean Sea 2082:AG Vulcan Stettin 2062:Queen Elizabeth 2 2021:, the builder of 1999:Harland and Wolff 1675:COVID-19 pandemic 1640:Queen Elizabeth 2 1627:Queen Elizabeth 2 1548:Naka-ku, Yokohama 1483:Queen Elizabeth 2 1388:Queen Elizabeth 2 1372:Queen Elizabeth 2 1060:and made her the 1004:After World War I 944:Kronprinz Wilhelm 930:was defeated and 905:dazzle camouflage 745:dazzle camouflage 594:auxiliary cruiser 592:became the first 492:, Massachusetts. 384:at the launch of 367:Dionysius Lardner 329:became the first 212:ships of the line 125:Queen Elizabeth 2 16:(Redirected from 6018: 5944:Semi-submersible 5929:Pipe-laying ship 5626: 5609:Maritime history 5557: 5550: 5543: 5534: 5477: 5458: 5439: 5435:978-0-95472063-6 5420: 5401: 5388:Bodleian Library 5376: 5357: 5338: 5319: 5300: 5281: 5262: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5202: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5083:, pp. 64–65 5078: 5072: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5012: 5006: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4913: 4907: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4813:, pp. 72–73 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4789:, pp. 78–79 4784: 4778: 4777:, pp. 64–65 4772: 4766: 4765:, pp. 90–93 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4687:, pp. 86–87 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4633: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4558: 4552: 4531: 4525: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4399:www.inquirer.com 4390: 4384: 4383: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4307: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4221: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3827:. Archived from 3817: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3701: 3695: 3686: 3680: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3644: 3638: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3613:. Archived from 3600: 3594: 3588: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3521: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3432:on 27 March 2016 3428:. Archived from 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3178: 3172: 3166: 3160: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3105:. ssMaritime.com 3098: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3069: 3060: 3059: 3047: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3011: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2978: 2926: 2921: 2920: 2826:Morgan Robertson 2633:Benito Mussolini 2543:Empress of Japan 2078:Blohm & Voss 1958: 1943: 1928: 1912: 1751:SS Great Eastern 1746:SS Great Eastern 1743:(1,340 GRT) and 1740:SS Great Western 1560:. In the 1970s, 1414:Argentine forces 1410:Falkland Islands 1406:Ascension Island 1209:Wilhelm Gustloff 1167:Second World War 1135:Great Depression 839:, and sank to a 530:Falkland Islands 420: 321:Albany, New York 149: 21: 6026: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6016: 6015: 5996: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5953: 5934:Research vessel 5924:Narco-submarine 5872: 5816: 5758: 5744:Hydrogen tanker 5729:Chemical tanker 5715: 5676:Heavy-lift ship 5627: 5618: 5604:Merchant marine 5567: 5561: 5522: 5503: 5485: 5483:Further reading 5480: 5474: 5461: 5455: 5454:978-095470268-7 5442: 5436: 5423: 5417: 5404: 5398: 5379: 5373: 5360: 5354: 5341: 5335: 5322: 5316: 5303: 5297: 5284: 5278: 5265: 5259: 5242: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5187: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5163: 5159: 5151: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5127: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5103: 5099: 5091: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5014: 5013: 5009: 5001: 4997: 4989: 4985: 4977: 4973: 4965: 4961: 4953: 4949: 4941: 4937: 4927:Wayback Machine 4914: 4910: 4900:Wayback Machine 4887: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4861:Wayback Machine 4848: 4844: 4836: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4735:Wayback Machine 4720: 4719: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4648: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4622: 4618: 4610: 4606: 4598: 4594: 4586: 4582: 4572:Wayback Machine 4563:Queen Elizabeth 4559: 4555: 4545:Wayback Machine 4532: 4528: 4518:Wayback Machine 4505: 4501: 4496:. 15 July 2021. 4492: 4491: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4451:www.ixigua.com/ 4444: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4363: 4361: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4305: 4303: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4229: 4227: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4102: 4098: 4090: 4083: 4075: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4040: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4004: 4000: 3992: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3968: 3964: 3956: 3952: 3944: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3834: 3832: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3711: 3704: 3696: 3689: 3681: 3674: 3666: 3662: 3654: 3647: 3639: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3505:on 6 April 2010 3497: 3496: 3492: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3454: 3445: 3435: 3433: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3343:on 4 April 2016 3335: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3210: 3202: 3198: 3190: 3181: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3071: 3070: 3063: 3056: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3013: 3012: 3001: 2991: 2989: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2922: 2915: 2912: 2869:The Last Voyage 2858: 2821:A Floating City 2805: 2800: 2677: 2628:Conte di Savoia 2579: 2577:National symbol 2574: 2529: 2520:La Marseillaise 2495: 2460: 2423:White Star Line 2405: 2358: 2353: 2296: 2276:Netherland Line 2260:Nieuw Amsterdam 2195: 2163:White Star Line 2152:White Star Line 2144: 2139: 2090: 2056:Queen Elizabeth 2015:White Star Line 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1950: 1944: 1935: 1929: 1920: 1913: 1872: 1799:Queen Elizabeth 1766:White Star Line 1720: 1715: 1713:Characteristics 1652:Shenzhen, China 1650:development in 1514: 1440: 1339:. In 1953, the 1299:Richard Branson 1288:Queen Elizabeth 1258: 1183:Queen Elizabeth 1162:Queen Elizabeth 1116:Conte di Savoia 1006: 949:commerce raider 833:First World War 699: 578:White Star Line 418: 369:declared that: 348:and arrived in 335:English Channel 304:Black Ball Line 258: 253: 166: 165: 164: 155: 150: 141: 80:container ships 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6024: 6022: 6014: 6013: 6008: 5998: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5904:Fishing vessel 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5768: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5686:Lake freighter 5683: 5678: 5673: 5671:Container ship 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5565:merchant ships 5562: 5560: 5559: 5552: 5545: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5506: 5502: 5501:External links 5499: 5498: 5497: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5472: 5459: 5453: 5440: 5434: 5421: 5415: 5402: 5397:978-1851245307 5396: 5377: 5372:978-2812300028 5371: 5358: 5353:978-2709812863 5352: 5339: 5334:978-2263027994 5333: 5320: 5315:978-2846343503 5314: 5301: 5296:978-0752428680 5295: 5282: 5277:978-2909313535 5276: 5263: 5257: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5218: 5208: » (1972) 5193: 5181: 5169: 5157: 5145: 5133: 5121: 5109: 5097: 5085: 5073: 5056: 5044: 5032: 5007: 4995: 4983: 4971: 4959: 4947: 4935: 4908: 4881: 4869: 4842: 4827: 4815: 4803: 4791: 4779: 4767: 4755: 4743: 4713: 4701: 4689: 4677: 4673:Chirnside 2004 4665: 4653: 4646: 4628: 4624:Chirnside 2004 4616: 4604: 4592: 4580: 4553: 4526: 4499: 4485: 4474:. 31 July 2021 4463: 4437: 4411: 4385: 4371: 4360:on 2 July 2022 4341: 4329:travelmole.com 4316: 4296:Shenzhen Daily 4282: 4259: 4237: 4208: 4183: 4169: 4147: 4136:on 9 June 2013 4120: 4108: 4096: 4081: 4069: 4046: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3946:Chirnside 2004 3938: 3934:Chirnside 2004 3926: 3922:Chirnside 2004 3914: 3902: 3890: 3878: 3866: 3854: 3842: 3812: 3789: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3741: 3737:Chirnside 2004 3729: 3717: 3702: 3687: 3672: 3660: 3645: 3628: 3595: 3578: 3566: 3554: 3542: 3516: 3490: 3472: 3460: 3443: 3417: 3405: 3390: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3337:"Ship History" 3328: 3316: 3304: 3289: 3277: 3270: 3252: 3237: 3225: 3208: 3196: 3179: 3167: 3152: 3140: 3128: 3116: 3090: 3061: 3054: 3032: 3021:. 19 July 2017 2999: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2911: 2908: 2857: 2854: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2676: 2673: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2528: 2525: 2507:Southeast Asia 2494: 2491: 2473:served on the 2459: 2456: 2404: 2403:South Atlantic 2401: 2357: 2356:North Atlantic 2354: 2352: 2349: 2295: 2292: 2194: 2191: 2180:operated as a 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2089: 2086: 2032:, builders of 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1960: 1953: 1951: 1945: 1938: 1936: 1930: 1923: 1921: 1914: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1871: 1868: 1719: 1718:Size and speed 1716: 1714: 1711: 1601:MV Brazil Maru 1513: 1510: 1502:Blue Star Line 1439: 1436: 1321:Avro Lancaster 1257: 1254: 1056:, renamed her 1005: 1002: 698: 695: 257: 254: 252: 249: 152: 151: 144: 143: 142: 140: 137: 108:United Kingdom 76:tramp steamers 57:hospital ships 53:passenger ship 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6023: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5975:Admiralty law 5973: 5971: 5970:Affreightment 5968: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5625: 5615: 5614:Shipping line 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5558: 5553: 5551: 5546: 5544: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5529: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5473:2-7434-1050-7 5469: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5427: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5364: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5260: 5258:9782954181820 5254: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5227: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5207: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5182: 5178: 5173: 5170: 5166: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5146: 5143:, p. 107 5142: 5137: 5134: 5131:, p. 102 5130: 5125: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5098: 5095:, p. 115 5094: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5045: 5041: 5036: 5033: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5008: 5005:, p. 105 5004: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4984: 4981:, p. 211 4980: 4979:Piouffre 2009 4975: 4972: 4969:, p. 203 4968: 4967:Piouffre 2009 4963: 4960: 4956: 4955:Piouffre 2009 4951: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4912: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4885: 4882: 4879:, p. 164 4878: 4877:Piouffre 2009 4873: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4846: 4843: 4840:, p. 112 4839: 4838:Piouffre 2009 4834: 4832: 4828: 4825:, p. 101 4824: 4823:Piouffre 2009 4819: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4639: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4557: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4503: 4500: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4473: 4467: 4464: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4438: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4412: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4386: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4286: 4283: 4270: 4263: 4260: 4247: 4241: 4238: 4225: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4157: 4151: 4148: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4109: 4106:, p. 112 4105: 4100: 4097: 4094:, p. 109 4093: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4070: 4058:. Great Ships 4057: 4050: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3999: 3995: 3994:Piouffre 2009 3990: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3975: 3972:, p. 100 3971: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3951: 3948:, p. 122 3947: 3942: 3939: 3936:, p. 117 3935: 3930: 3927: 3924:, p. 111 3923: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3800: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3778: 3775:, p. 120 3774: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3742: 3739:, p. 223 3738: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3656:Piouffre 2009 3652: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3574:Piouffre 2009 3570: 3567: 3564:, p. 124 3563: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3543: 3530: 3526: 3520: 3517: 3504: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3444: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3355: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3285:Piouffre 2009 3281: 3278: 3273: 3271:0-7139-0104-7 3267: 3263: 3256: 3253: 3250:, p. 100 3249: 3248:Piouffre 2009 3244: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3197: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3163:Piouffre 2009 3159: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3129: 3125: 3120: 3117: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3079: 3078:Cruise Travel 3075: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3055:0-7922-7472-5 3051: 3046: 3045: 3036: 3033: 3020: 3016: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2988:. 1 July 2015 2987: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2924:Oceans portal 2919: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2900:James Cameron 2897: 2896:fifteen films 2893: 2892: 2885: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2876: 2875:Île de France 2871: 2870: 2865: 2864: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2818:in his novel 2817: 2816: 2815:Great Eastern 2810: 2802: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2783:Achille Lauro 2777: 2775: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2662:Île de France 2658: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2616: 2615: 2614:United States 2609: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2465: 2458:Mediterranean 2457: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2417: 2416: 2409: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2391: 2387: 2386:New York City 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2316: 2312: 2305: 2300: 2294:Other nations 2293: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2199: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2153: 2148: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2099: 2098:Saint-Nazaire 2095: 2088:Other nations 2087: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2031: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1964: 1957: 1952: 1949: 1942: 1937: 1934: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1898: 1892: 1891:Turkish baths 1889:even offered 1888: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1859:United States 1854: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1814: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1741: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1690:United States 1687: 1686: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1595:United States 1591: 1590: 1583: 1582:, Indonesia. 1581: 1580:Bintan Island 1577: 1576: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1564:Great Britain 1559: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1479:United States 1476: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1451: 1450: 1444: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1404:personnel to 1403: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1389: 1386:. The liners 1385: 1381: 1380:Falklands War 1376: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1294:United States 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1268: 1267:United States 1262: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1200:Saint-Nazaire 1197: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1045:Île de France 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1003: 1001: 999: 995: 994: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 971: 966: 961: 959: 958:Allied Powers 954: 950: 946: 945: 940: 939: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 893: 888: 883: 881: 880: 874: 873: 867: 866: 860: 856: 853:owned by the 852: 851: 844: 842: 838: 837:hospital ship 834: 830: 829: 823: 819: 818: 812: 811: 805: 803: 798: 797: 791: 790: 784: 780: 779:Great Eastern 776: 772: 771: 764: 762: 758: 754: 746: 742: 741: 735: 728: 727: 721: 717: 710: 709: 703: 696: 694: 692: 691: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672: 666: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 646: 640: 638: 634: 633: 627: 626: 620: 618: 613: 612: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 590: 583: 579: 574: 572: 568: 567: 561: 557: 552: 550: 546: 545: 544:Great Eastern 538: 535: 531: 527: 523: 522: 521:Great Britain 516: 512: 504: 503: 497: 493: 491: 487: 486: 479: 475: 474:Samuel Cunard 466: 465: 464:Great Eastern 459: 452: 451: 445: 441: 439: 435: 431: 430:Great Western 426: 424: 417: 413: 409: 408: 407:Great Western 401: 400: 390: 389: 388:Great Eastern 383: 379: 374: 370: 368: 364: 363:Royal William 359: 356: 351: 347: 343: 342: 336: 333:to cross the 332: 328: 327: 322: 318: 317: 312: 311:Robert Fulton 307: 305: 301: 297: 292: 284: 283: 282:Great Western 276: 269: 268: 262: 255: 250: 248: 246: 245: 239: 238: 232: 228: 227: 219: 217: 213: 207: 205: 196: 195: 188: 184: 182: 178: 175: 171: 161: 160: 154: 148: 138: 136: 134: 133: 127: 126: 121: 117: 113: 112:German Empire 109: 105: 104:Technological 100: 97: 93: 89: 83: 81: 77: 73: 69: 64: 62: 58: 54: 51:is a type of 50: 42: 41: 34: 30: 19: 6006:Ocean liners 5889:Crane vessel 5801: 5681:Hopper barge 5646:Bulk carrier 5524:Ocean Liners 5512: 5489: 5463: 5444: 5425: 5416:0-95186569-2 5406: 5382: 5362: 5343: 5324: 5305: 5286: 5267: 5248: 5245: 5236:Bibliography 5228:, p. 76 5221: 5211: 5205: 5196: 5191:, p. 78 5184: 5179:, p. 75 5172: 5167:, p. 71 5160: 5155:, p. 44 5153:Le Goff 1998 5148: 5136: 5129:Le Goff 1998 5124: 5119:, p. 77 5117:Le Goff 1998 5112: 5107:, p. 55 5100: 5093:Le Goff 1998 5088: 5081:Le Goff 1998 5076: 5068: 5064: 5059: 5054:, p. 97 5047: 5042:, p. 81 5040:Le Goff 1998 5035: 5023:. Retrieved 5019: 5010: 5003:Le Goff 1998 4998: 4993:, p. 76 4991:Le Goff 1998 4986: 4974: 4962: 4957:, p. 51 4950: 4945:, p. 63 4943:Le Goff 1998 4938: 4930: 4917: 4911: 4903: 4890: 4884: 4872: 4864: 4851: 4845: 4818: 4811:Ferulli 2004 4806: 4801:, p. 63 4799:Ferulli 2004 4794: 4787:Ferulli 2004 4782: 4775:Ferulli 2004 4770: 4763:Ferulli 2004 4758: 4753:, p. 84 4751:Ferulli 2004 4746: 4738: 4726:Queen Mary 2 4725: 4716: 4711:, p. 85 4709:Ferulli 2004 4704: 4699:, p. 89 4697:Ferulli 2004 4692: 4685:Ferulli 2004 4680: 4675:, p. 13 4668: 4663:, p. 59 4661:Le Goff 1998 4656: 4637: 4631: 4619: 4614:, p. 30 4612:Le Goff 1998 4607: 4602:, p. 26 4595: 4590:, p. 46 4583: 4575: 4562: 4556: 4548: 4535: 4529: 4521: 4508: 4502: 4488: 4476:. Retrieved 4466: 4454:. Retrieved 4450: 4440: 4428:. Retrieved 4424: 4414: 4402:. Retrieved 4398: 4388: 4374: 4362:. Retrieved 4358:the original 4353: 4344: 4332:. Retrieved 4328: 4319: 4311: 4304:. Retrieved 4295: 4285: 4273:. Retrieved 4262: 4250:. Retrieved 4240: 4228:. Retrieved 4224:The Porthole 4223: 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4195: 4186: 4172: 4160:. Retrieved 4150: 4138:. Retrieved 4134:the original 4123: 4118:, p. 93 4111: 4104:Le Goff 1998 4099: 4092:Le Goff 1998 4079:, p. 73 4077:Le Goff 1998 4072: 4060:. Retrieved 4049: 4044:, p. 83 4037: 4032:, p. 69 4030:Le Goff 1998 4025: 4020:, p. 87 4013: 4008:, p. 86 4001: 3996:, p. 42 3989: 3984:, p. 70 3982:Le Goff 1998 3977: 3970:Le Goff 1998 3965: 3960:, p. 93 3958:Le Goff 1998 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3912:, p. 84 3910:Le Goff 1998 3905: 3900:, p. 69 3893: 3888:, p. 63 3881: 3876:, p. 65 3874:Le Goff 1998 3869: 3864:, p. 58 3862:Le Goff 1998 3857: 3852:, p. 34 3850:Le Goff 1998 3845: 3833:. Retrieved 3829:the original 3824: 3815: 3803:. Retrieved 3792: 3787:, p. 50 3785:Le Goff 1998 3780: 3773:Ferulli 2004 3768: 3763:, p. 55 3761:Le Goff 1998 3756: 3751:, p. 39 3749:Le Goff 1998 3744: 3732: 3727:, p. 61 3725:Le Goff 1998 3720: 3715:, p. 52 3713:Le Goff 1998 3700:, p. 47 3698:Le Goff 1998 3685:, p. 54 3670:, p. 37 3668:Le Goff 1998 3663: 3658:, p. 16 3643:, p. 33 3641:Le Goff 1998 3619:. Retrieved 3615:the original 3608: 3598: 3593:, p. 25 3591:Le Goff 1998 3576:, p. 26 3569: 3562:Ferulli 2004 3557: 3552:, p. 23 3550:Le Goff 1998 3545: 3533:. Retrieved 3529:the original 3519: 3507:. Retrieved 3503:the original 3493: 3485:the original 3475: 3470:, p. 22 3468:Le Goff 1998 3463: 3458:, p. 47 3434:. Retrieved 3430:the original 3420: 3415:, p. 16 3413:Le Goff 1998 3408: 3403:, p. 29 3388:, p. 27 3381: 3376:, p. 12 3374:Le Goff 1998 3369: 3364:, p. 11 3362:Le Goff 1998 3357: 3345:. Retrieved 3341:the original 3331: 3326:, p. 20 3319: 3314:, p. 25 3307: 3302:, p. 21 3287:, p. 13 3280: 3261: 3255: 3233:Le Goff 1998 3228: 3223:, p. 19 3206:, p. 16 3199: 3192:Le Goff 1998 3177:, p. 13 3170: 3165:, p. 10 3150:, p. 12 3143: 3138:, p. 14 3131: 3126:, p. 11 3124:Ferulli 2004 3119: 3107:. Retrieved 3081:. Retrieved 3077: 3043: 3035: 3023:. Retrieved 3018: 2990:. Retrieved 2986:ABC National 2985: 2976: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2874: 2867: 2862: 2859: 2848: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2819: 2814: 2806: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2766:Andrea Doria 2765: 2758: 2751: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2727:sank in the 2723: 2716: 2701: 2697: 2691: 2687:Andrea Doria 2686: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2638: 2627: 2620: 2613: 2606: 2599: 2592: 2580: 2562:Nippon Yusen 2555: 2542: 2530: 2519: 2496: 2469: 2461: 2450: 2427: 2420: 2414: 2395: 2359: 2342: 2336: 2333:Nippon Yusen 2328:Andrea Doria 2327: 2320: 2315:Italian Line 2308: 2304:Italian Line 2279: 2271: 2266: 2259: 2251: 2241: 2234: 2222: 2207: 2175: 2156: 2128: 2119:Queen Mary 2 2118: 2103: 2091: 2076:, including 2067: 2060: 2055: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2024: 2004: 1993: 1963:Andrea Doria 1962: 1947: 1932: 1916: 1896: 1885: 1878: 1873: 1864:Hales Trophy 1858: 1851: 1844: 1834: 1827: 1820: 1815: 1810:Queen Mary 2 1809: 1798: 1791: 1786:ocean liners 1785: 1780: 1776:ocean liners 1775: 1770: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1735: 1728: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694:Philadelphia 1689: 1684: 1679:Brock Pierce 1667:Andrea Doria 1666: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1643: 1639: 1631: 1625: 1620: 1613: 1606: 1599: 1594: 1588: 1584: 1574: 1563: 1552: 1542: 1535: 1525: 1521: 1506:Clive Palmer 1491: 1487:Queen Mary 2 1486: 1482: 1478: 1469: 1465:cruise ships 1459: 1455: 1449:Queen Mary 2 1448: 1438:21st century 1422: 1402:British Army 1392: 1387: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1359:Michelangelo 1358: 1353:Douglas DC-8 1337:jet aircraft 1317: 1311: 1305:Andrea Doria 1304: 1293: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1266: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1231: 1227: 1225: 1215: 1208: 1198:in 1940 off 1194: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1174: 1171: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1132: 1126: 1120: 1115: 1108: 1103:Italian Line 1094: 1090: 1085: 1078: 1074: 1057: 1053: 1044: 1038: 1034: 1025: 1021: 1014: 997: 992: 986: 978: 974: 969: 962: 952: 947:served as a 943: 937: 927: 915: 913: 900: 896: 891: 886: 884: 878: 871: 864: 858: 849: 845: 827: 816: 809: 801: 795: 788: 778: 769: 765: 761:Leyland Line 753:J. P. Morgan 750: 739: 725: 707: 689: 670: 662: 644: 641: 631: 624: 621: 610: 606: 597: 588: 582:Thomas Ismay 575: 565: 553: 543: 539: 534:Collins Line 520: 508: 501: 484: 476:founded the 470: 463: 449: 429: 427: 415: 406: 398: 394: 387: 372: 362: 360: 354: 340: 325: 315: 308: 288: 281: 265: 256:19th century 243: 237:Michelangelo 236: 231:Italian Line 225: 220: 208: 200: 193: 167: 158: 132:Queen Mary 2 131: 124: 120:World War II 101: 84: 72:cruise ships 65: 61:Queen Mary 2 60: 48: 46: 40:Queen Mary 2 39: 36:As of 2024, 29: 5884:Cable layer 5877:Other types 5858:Salvage tug 5812:Train ferry 5802:Ocean liner 5787:Cruiseferry 5782:Cruise ship 5777:Cargo liner 5772:Cable ferry 5749:LNG carrier 5739:Gas carrier 5711:Train ferry 5701:Reefer ship 5507:‹ The 5226:Server 1998 5201:(in French) 5189:Server 1998 5177:Server 1998 5165:Server 1998 5025:26 December 4721:(in French) 4626:, p. 8 4364:16 December 4306:26 November 3436:9 September 3235:, p. 9 3194:, p. 8 3025:1 September 2992:1 September 2952:Packet boat 2889:sinking of 2863:Love Affair 2809:Jules Verne 2707:Nova Scotia 2593:Deutschland 2583:nationalism 2557:Hikawa Maru 2445:Hamburg Süd 2390:Blue Riband 2366:Southampton 2338:Hikawa Maru 2218:Hapag-Lloyd 2159:Cunard Line 2131:Fincantieri 1840:Blue Riband 1699:Brazil Maru 1543:Hikawa Maru 1498:RMS Titanic 1223:, in 1945. 1031:French Line 998:Deutschland 720:The sinking 690:Deutschland 654:World War I 617:immigration 526:Dundrum Bay 478:Cunard Line 423:Blue Riband 216:cargo liner 49:ocean liner 6011:Ship types 6000:Categories 5914:Icebreaker 5797:Narrowboat 5754:Oil tanker 5656:Chain boat 5584:Cargo ship 5386:. Oxford: 5289:. Tempus. 4891:Cap Arcona 4478:27 October 4275:18 January 4230:11 January 3535:5 November 3525:"SS Ophir" 2963:References 2803:Literature 2750:HMHS 2668:Queen Mary 2651:Mauretania 2607:Mauretania 2487:Suez Canal 2451:Cap Arcona 2344:Asama Maru 2074:Baltic Sea 2050:Queen Mary 2025:Mauretania 1948:Queen Mary 1933:Mauretania 1852:Queen Mary 1828:Mauretania 1663:Stockholm, 1644:Ancerville 1621:Ancerville 1553:Queen Mary 1524:(formerly 1494:Titanic II 1470:Queen Mary 1349:Boeing 707 1333:Jet engine 1284:Queen Mary 1221:Baltic Sea 1216:Cap Arcona 1195:Lancastria 1187:Queen Mary 1153:Queen Mary 1148:Queen Mary 1105:completed 1095:Mauretania 1066:registered 1039:Mauretania 1015:Queen Mary 924:torpedoing 920:Aegean Sea 909:submarines 887:Mauretania 841:naval mine 826:HMHS 796:Mauretania 708:Mauretania 177:Royal Mail 5939:Riverboat 5899:Drillship 5764:Passenger 5651:Car float 5633:Dry cargo 5572:Overviews 5344:Paquebots 4918:Carpathia 2968:Citations 2947:Mail boat 2904:1997 film 2840:RMS 2779:In 1985, 2773:Stockholm 2752:Britannic 2745:Lusitania 2722:RMS 2700:RMS 2692:Stockholm 2605:RMS 2600:Lusitania 2598:RMS 2552:Vancouver 2541:RMS 2475:Gibraltar 2470:Carpathia 2468:RMS 2437:Cape Town 2433:Liverpool 2431:, on the 2413:RMS 2394:RMS 2378:Cherbourg 2362:Liverpool 2288:Indonesia 2267:Rotterdam 2235:Normandie 2220:in 1970. 2117:RMS 2104:Normandie 2070:North Sea 2048:RMS 2043:Aquitania 2041:RMS 2036:Lusitania 2034:RMS 2023:RMS 2007:shipyards 1978:Shipyards 1884:RMS 1850:RMS 1845:Normandie 1826:RMS 1821:Lusitania 1819:RMS 1808:RMS 1797:RMS 1792:Normandie 1781:Imperator 1755:RMS 1729:Normandie 1654:in 1984. 1648:Sea World 1636:Rotterdam 1632:Rotterdam 1607:Rotterdam 1526:Stockholm 1512:Survivors 1447:RMS 1366:Raffaello 1329:airliners 1312:Stockholm 1232:Normandie 1157:Normandie 1127:Normandie 1058:Leviathan 1054:Vaterland 991:RMS 975:Vaterland 970:Imperator 953:Lusitania 938:Highflyer 936:HMS 916:Britannic 897:Britannic 892:Aquitania 872:Vaterland 865:Imperator 843:in 1916. 828:Britannic 815:RMS 808:RMS 794:RMS 789:Lusitania 787:RMS 768:RMS 751:In 1902, 738:RMS 724:RMS 706:RMS 667:launched 663:In 1897, 630:RMS 623:RMS 609:RMS 587:RMS 515:propeller 511:iron hull 485:Britannia 483:RMS 450:Britannia 448:RMS 331:steamship 309:In 1807, 264:In 1838, 244:Raffaello 194:Aquitania 192:RMS 170:airliners 159:Lusitania 157:RMS 130:RMS 92:freeboard 38:RMS 5949:Snagboat 5843:Fireboat 5509:template 5494:Abstract 4923:Archived 4896:Archived 4857:Archived 4731:Archived 4568:Archived 4541:Archived 4514:Archived 4404:23 April 4300:Archived 3509:24 April 3499:"Umbria" 3347:24 April 2910:See also 2813:SS 2788:hijacked 2781:MS 2771:MS 2764:SS 2757:MS 2735:Storstad 2733:SS 2702:Atlantic 2685:SS 2637:SS 2626:SS 2619:SS 2612:SS 2591:SS 2537:steerage 2449:SS 2415:Asturias 2374:Le Havre 2341:and the 2326:SS 2319:SS 2302:Flag of 2278:and the 2265:SS 2258:SS 2240:SS 2233:SS 2201:Logo of 2150:Logo of 2102:SS 2072:and the 1895:SS 1886:Adriatic 1877:SS 1857:SS 1790:SS 1762:Big Four 1727:SS 1683:MV 1624:(1962), 1619:MS 1617:(1961), 1612:MV 1610:(1958), 1604:(1954), 1598:(1952), 1592:(1948), 1587:MV 1573:MV 1562:SS 1458:SS 1408:and the 1393:Canberra 1364:SS 1357:SS 1310:MS 1303:SS 1292:SS 1265:SS 1214:SS 1125:SS 1114:SS 1107:SS 1084:SS 1077:SS 1062:flagship 1043:SS 1037:and the 1024:SS 979:Bismarck 932:scuttled 879:Bismarck 877:SS 863:SS 848:SS 820:, which 775:Big Four 773:and the 688:SS 669:SS 643:SS 598:Teutonic 589:Teutonic 571:Greenock 564:SS 542:SS 519:SS 500:SS 462:SS 405:SS 397:SS 386:SS 355:Savannah 341:Savannah 339:SS 316:Clermont 300:Far East 280:SS 242:SS 235:SS 224:SS 139:Overview 5958:Related 5894:Dredger 5868:Tugboat 5821:Support 5721:Tankers 5666:Collier 5563:Modern 5511:below ( 5204:« 4920: » 4916:« 4893: » 4889:« 4854: » 4850:« 4728: » 4724:« 4565: » 4561:« 4538: » 4534:« 4511: » 4507:« 4456:20 June 4430:20 June 3835:12 July 3621:11 July 2891:Titanic 2849:Titanic 2842:Titanic 2717:Titanic 2694:in 1956 2656:Olympic 2527:Pacific 2499:P&O 2483:Trieste 2396:Titanic 2370:Hamburg 2171:P&O 2142:British 1919:in 1912 1917:Titanic 1879:Oceanic 1771:Olympic 1764:of the 1732:of 1935 1707:Funchal 1685:Funchal 1659:Astoria 1614:Funchal 1589:Astoria 1569:Bristol 1522:Astoria 1475:museums 1432:Stanley 1398:P&O 1280:Liberté 1270:of 1952 1236:U-boats 1035:Olympic 1029:of the 987:Tirpitz 859:Olympic 817:Titanic 810:Olympic 802:Olympic 781:as the 770:Oceanic 740:Olympic 726:Titanic 711:of 1907 632:Etruria 611:Oceanic 566:Austria 505:of 1897 467:of 1858 453:of 1840 434:P&O 391:in 1857 251:History 204:jet age 174:British 163:public. 68:ferries 59:). The 5863:Tender 5853:Pusher 5528:Curlie 5514:Curlie 5470: 5451: 5432: 5413: 5394: 5369: 5350: 5331: 5312: 5293: 5274: 5255: 5069:France 4852:Suevic 4644: 4252:27 May 4162:27 May 4140:27 May 4062:27 May 3805:27 May 3268: 3109:26 May 3083:26 May 3052: 2711:Canada 2639:France 2554:, and 2509:, and 2441:Sydney 2428:Suevic 2384:, and 2351:Routes 2242:France 2169:. The 2059:, and 2028:, and 1994:Celtic 1842:. The 1835:Bremen 1783:-class 1773:-class 1768:. The 1757:Celtic 1575:Doulos 1538:hotels 1460:Norway 1452:(2003) 1423:Uganda 1420:liner 1276:Europa 1250:Europa 1246:Queens 1175:Bremen 1091:Bremen 1086:Europa 1079:Bremen 977:, and 895:, and 850:France 804:-class 625:Umbria 490:Boston 416:Sirius 399:Sirius 298:: the 296:empire 285:(1838) 267:Sirius 226:France 116:France 110:, the 5792:Ferry 5641:Barge 5589:Cargo 4334:4 May 4220:(PDF) 4201:4 May 2856:Films 2836:Titan 2572:Other 2511:Japan 2503:India 2479:Genoa 1897:Paris 1530:sheer 1099:Italy 1026:Paris 835:as a 743:with 645:Ophir 428:With 419:' 326:Élise 96:draft 5579:Ship 5468:ISBN 5449:ISBN 5430:ISBN 5411:ISBN 5392:ISBN 5367:ISBN 5348:ISBN 5329:ISBN 5310:ISBN 5291:ISBN 5272:ISBN 5253:ISBN 5213:IMDb 5027:2022 4642:ISBN 4480:2021 4458:2024 4432:2024 4406:2023 4366:2022 4336:2015 4308:2020 4277:2016 4254:2013 4232:2016 4203:2015 4164:2013 4142:2013 4064:2013 3837:2010 3807:2013 3623:2010 3537:2019 3511:2010 3438:2017 3349:2010 3266:ISBN 3111:2013 3085:2013 3050:ISBN 3027:2022 2994:2022 2887:The 2786:was 2743:RMS 2683:The 2653:and 2624:and 2603:and 2462:The 2382:Cobh 2324:and 2309:The 2263:and 2238:and 2176:The 2161:and 2080:and 1992:RMS 1824:and 1390:and 1362:and 1351:and 1323:and 1286:and 1248:and 1185:and 1112:and 1082:and 1012:The 822:sank 792:and 558:and 517:was 240:and 222:the 88:hull 5526:at 2902:'s 2621:Rex 2568:'. 2560:of 2546:of 2321:Rex 2133:). 2096:in 1520:MV 1228:Rex 1226:SS 1121:Rex 1109:Rex 870:SS 722:of 233:'s 181:RMS 47:An 6002:: 5210:, 5018:. 4929:, 4902:, 4863:, 4830:^ 4737:, 4574:, 4547:, 4520:, 4449:. 4423:. 4397:. 4352:. 4327:. 4310:. 4298:. 4294:. 4222:. 4194:. 4084:^ 3823:. 3705:^ 3690:^ 3675:^ 3648:^ 3631:^ 3607:. 3581:^ 3446:^ 3393:^ 3292:^ 3240:^ 3211:^ 3182:^ 3155:^ 3093:^ 3076:. 3064:^ 3017:. 3002:^ 2984:. 2852:. 2709:, 2505:, 2454:. 2380:, 2376:, 2372:, 2368:, 2364:, 2347:. 2249:. 2126:. 2065:. 2053:, 2046:, 2039:, 1347:, 1331:. 1315:. 1169:. 1089:. 973:, 911:. 889:, 660:. 425:. 135:. 5556:e 5549:t 5542:v 5496:. 5476:. 5457:. 5438:. 5419:. 5400:. 5375:. 5356:. 5337:. 5318:. 5299:. 5280:. 5261:. 5029:. 4650:. 4482:. 4460:. 4434:. 4408:. 4368:. 4338:. 4279:. 4256:. 4234:. 4205:. 4180:. 4166:. 4144:. 4066:. 3839:. 3809:. 3625:. 3539:. 3513:. 3440:. 3351:. 3274:. 3113:. 3087:. 3058:. 3029:. 2996:. 2481:- 2477:- 2439:- 2435:- 1532:. 197:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index