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could have caused the high crime rates in the 1980s and 90s. However, current research suggests lead's impact on crime was highly over-estimated by earlier studies. The superpredator theory was also criticized as many people believed the theory was used to justify disproportionate sentencing of
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The arguments of proponents were eventually revealed to involve multiple errors in logic. Other errors also occurred, such as one case where the wrong number was used in a calculation; the number of chronic offenders in a study was replaced with the much larger number for all police contacts,
49:
that became popular in the 1990s in the United States, which posited that a small but significant and increasing population of impulsive (often urban) youth were willing to commit violent crimes without remorse. A now-debunked
68:
on a massive scale". American lawmakers seized on this idea, and implemented tough-on-crime legislation for juvenile offenders across the country, including life without parole sentences.
58:, alleged that superpredators were a growing phenomenon and predicted a large increase in youth crime and violence as a result. The idea of superpredators contributed to a
111:
J.C. Howell wrote that superpredators were "the most damaging and erroneous myth propagated in the 100-year history of the juvenile justice system in the United States".
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suggested that it reinforced the superpredator theory, especially with "alarmist responses to erroneous fears about growing rates and severity of youth violence".
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to the rise in crime until the 1990s and the subsequent drop. One explanation, supported by
American journalist
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Muschert, Glenn W. (October 2007). "The
Columbine Victims and the Myth of the Juvenile Superpredator".
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584:"Analysis: How the media created a 'superpredator' myth that harmed a generation of Black youth"
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604:"How being labeled as a superpredator has impacted a generation of Black and Hispanic men"
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321:"The "superpredator" myth was discredited, but it continues to ruin young black lives"
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564:"Op-Ed: Why America is still living with the damage done by the 'superpredator' lie"
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197:"Superpredator: The Media Myth That Demonized a Generation of Black Youth"
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about juvenile crime. Proponents warned of "a blood bath of violence" or "
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138:
Preventing and
Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework
450:"When Youth Violence Spurred 'Superpredator' Fear (Published 2014)"
230:"They Were Sentenced as "Superpredators." Who Were They Really?"
46:
670:. Studies in crime and public policy. Oxford University Press.
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Higney, Anthony; Hanley, Nick; Moro, Mirko (November 2022).
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theory, created by criminologist and political scientist
75:. Dilulio has since retracted his ideas. There are many
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383:
Reaffirming
Juvenile Justice: From Gault to Montgomery
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crime significantly decreased in the following years
436:Part III ...draws analogies to prior moral panics.
108:substantially inflating the predicted crime rate.
100:study of United States media coverage of the 1999
476:"New evidence that lead exposure increases crime"
27:Hypothetical type of criminal in American society
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526:"The lead-crime hypothesis: A meta-analysis"
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420:The University of New Hampshire Law Review
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501:"A very brief history of super-predators"
349:"Opinion | The New 'Superpredator' Myth"
195:Bogert C, Hancock L (20 November 2020).
171:"The Superpredator Myth, 25 Years Later"
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303:"The Coming of the Super -- Predators"
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530:Regional Science and Urban Economics
386:. Taylor & Francis. p. 26.
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620:Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice
380:Merlo, A.V.; Benekos, P.J. (2017).
276:Templeton, Robin (1 January 1998).
715:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
542:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103826
474:Doleac, Jennifer L. (2017-06-01).
416:"Moral Panic and the War on Drugs"
257:Newsweek Staff (21 January 1996).
25:
699:
71:The theory was criticized when
347:Vitale, Alex S. (2018-03-23).
102:Columbine High School massacre
32:Superpredator (disambiguation)
1:
169:Admin, Madeo (7 April 2014).
87:, which says that the use of
448:Haberman C (6 April 2014).
319:Leah, Rachel (2018-04-21).
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782:Youth in the United States
772:Crime in the United States
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259:"'Superpredators' Arrive"
643:10.1177/1541204006296173
175:Equal Justice Initiative
77:alternative explanations
667:American Youth Violence
414:Lord P (1 March 2022).
711:-related article is a
664:Zimring, F.E. (1998).
141:. SAGE Publications.
135:Howell, J.C. (2009).
85:lead–crime hypothesis
787:Juvenile delinquency
201:The Marshall Project
30:For other uses, see
18:Superpredator theory
592:. 20 November 2020.
572:. 27 November 2020.
305:. 27 November 1995.
278:"Superscapegoating"
228:Boghani, Priyanka.
56:John J. DiIulio Jr.
353:The New York Times
792:Criminology stubs
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677:978-0-19-512145-2
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393:978-1-351-61838-0
148:978-1-4129-5638-3
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777:Moral panic
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756:Categories
536:: 103826.
510:2020-03-24
485:2020-03-24
366:2020-03-23
330:2020-03-23
115:References
81:Kevin Drum
629:CiteSeerX
550:0166-0462
480:Brookings
361:0362-4331
83:, is the
651:31869503
589:NBC News
287:22 March
263:Newsweek
239:22 March
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325:Salon
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289:2020
282:FAIR
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