812:, strength training with progressive resistive exercises, and isokinetic exercises and stretching of the neck muscles. While some case reports suggest that physiotherapy can offer improvements in balance and gait of patients with PSP, the results cannot be generalized across all PSP patients, as each case report followed only one or two patients. The observations made from these case studies can be useful however, in helping to guide future research concerning the effectiveness of balance and gait training programs in the management of PSP.
50:
364:, except that they are saccadic in nature, with no smooth phase. Although healthy individuals also make square-wave jerk movements, PSP patients make slower square-wave jerk movements, with smaller vertical components. Assessment of these square-wave jerks and diminished vertical saccades is especially useful for diagnosing progressive supranuclear palsy, because these movements set PSP patients apart from other parkinsonian patients. Difficulties with
677:. Both Parkinson's and PSP have an onset in late middle age and involve slowing and rigidity of movement. However, several distinguishing features exist. Tremor is very common with Parkinson's, but rare with PSP. Speech and swallowing difficulties are more common and severe with PSP and the abnormal eye movements of PSP are essentially absent with PD. A poor response to
485:, a normal part of a brain cell's internal structural skeleton. These tangles are often different from those seen in Alzheimer's disease, but may be structurally similar when they occur in the cerebral cortex. Their chemical composition is usually different, however, and is similar to that of tangles seen in
868:
Between 1877 and 1963, 22 well-documented case reports of PSP, although not described as a distinct disorder, had been identified in the literature of neurology. Progressive supranuclear palsy was first described as a distinct disorder by neurologists John Steele, John
Richardson, and Jerzy Olszewski
643:
Richardson syndrome is characterized by the typical features of PSP. In PSP-P features of
Parkinson’s Disease overlap with the clinical presentation of PSP and follows a more benign course. In both PSP-P and PSP- PAGF distribution of abnormal tau is relatively restricted to the brain stem. Frontal
804:
problems with reports of frequent falls. There has been research in the use of robot-assisted gait training. Evidence-based approaches to rehabilitation in PSP are lacking and, currently the majority of research on the subject consists of case reports involving only a small number of patients.
860:
In 1877, Charcot described a 40-year-old woman who had rigid-akinetic parkinsonism, neck dystonia, dysarthria, and eye-movement problems. In 1951, Chavany and others reported the clinical and pathologic features of a 50-year-old man with a rigid and akinetic form of parkinsonism with postural
57:
A person with progressive dementia, ataxia, and incontinence. A clinical diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus was entertained. Imaging did not support this, however, and on formal testing, abnormal nystagmus and eye movements were detected. A sagittal view of the
2858:
Liepelt I, Gaenslen A, Godau J, Di Santo A, Schweitzer KJ, Gasser T, et al. (January 2010). "Rivastigmine for the treatment of dementia in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: Clinical observations as a basis for power calculations and safety analysis".
70:, with preservation of the volume of the pons. This appearance has been called the "hummingbird sign" or "penguin sign". Also, atrophy of the tectum is seen, particularly the superior colliculi. These findings suggest the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy.
819:. Due to their tendency to fall backwards, the use of a walker, particularly one that can be weighted in the front, is recommended instead of a cane. The use of an appropriate mobility aid helps to decrease the individual’s risk of falls and makes them safer to
648:
and then evolve into typical PSP. The phenotypes of PSP-P and PSP-PAGF are sometimes referred as the "brain stem" variants of PSP, as opposed to the "cortical" variants which present with predominant cortical features, including PSP-CBS, PSP-bvFTD, and PSP-PNFA.
1888:
Hattori M, Hashizume Y, Yoshida M, Iwasaki Y, Hishikawa N, Ueda R, et al. (August 2003). "Distribution of astrocytic plaques in the corticobasal degeneration brain and comparison with tuft-shaped astrocytes in the progressive supranuclear palsy brain".
847:
can respond to nonspecific measures. The poor prognosis is predominantly attributed to the serious impact this condition has on the quality of life. The average age at symptoms onset is 63 and survival from onset averages seven years with a wide variance.
823:
independently in the community. Due to their balance problems and irregular movements, individuals need to spend time learning how to safely transfer in their homes and in the community. This may include rising from and sitting in chairs safely.
3606:
3591:
368:(convergence insufficiency), where the eyes come closer together while focusing on something near, like the pages of a book, is typical. Because the eyes have trouble coming together to focus at short distances, the patient may complain of
2011:
Wang LN, Zhu MW, Feng YQ, Wang JH (June 2006). "Pick's disease with Pick bodies combined with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft-shaped astrocytes: a clinical, neuroradiologic and pathological study of an autopsied case".
3197:
1844:
Katsuse O, Iseki E, Arai T, Akiyama H, Togo T, Uchikado H, et al. (September 2003). "4-repeat tauopathy sharing pathological and biochemical features of corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy".
1932:
Komori T, Arai N, Oda M, Nakayama H, Mori H, Yagishita S, et al. (October 1998). "Astrocytic plaques and tufts of abnormal fibers do not coexist in corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy".
861:
instability, neck dystonia, dysarthria, and staring gaze. In 1974, the unique frontal lobe cognitive changes of progressive supranuclear palsy: apathy, loss of spontaneity, slowing of thought processes, and loss of
4190:
892:
France: Association PSP France, a nonprofit patient association set up in 1996 through the help of PSPA in the UK. It also gives support to French speaking patients in Quebec, Morocco, Algeria, Belgium and
3371:
Richardson JC, Steele J, Olszewski J (1963). "Supranuclear
Ophthalmoplegia, Pseudobulbar Palsy, Nuchal Dystonia and Dementia. A Clinical Report on Eight Cases of 'heterogenous System Degeneration'".
2619:
889:
Canada: PSP Society of Canada, a federally registered non-profit organization which serves patients and families dealing with PSP, CBD and MSA, set up in 2017 through the help of CurePSP in the USA
4576:
4571:
692:
posture of other
Parkinsonian disorders, although PSP-Parkinsonism (see below) can demonstrate a stooped posture. Early falls are also more common with PSP, especially with Richardson syndrome.
4588:
4566:
2229:
Kanazawa M, Tada M, Onodera O, Takahashi H, Nishizawa M, Shimohata T (2013). "Early clinical features of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy with predominant cerebellar ataxia".
3739:
406:), has been linked to PSP. Nearly all people with PSP received a copy of that variant from each parent, but this is true of about two-thirds of the general population. Therefore, the
333:
The visual symptoms are of particular importance in the diagnosis of this disorder. Patients typically complain of difficulty reading due to the inability to look downwards. The
780:
may help with cognitive aspects, but the authors of both studies have suggested that larger studies are needed. There is some evidence from small-scale studies that the hypnotic
815:
Individuals with PSP are often referred to occupational therapists to help manage their condition and to help enhance their independence. This may include being taught to use
268:
Other common early symptoms are changes in personality, general slowing of movement, and visual symptoms. The most common behavioural symptoms in patients with PSP include
360:
On close inspection, eye movements called "square-wave jerks" may be visible when the patient fixes gaze at distance. These are fine movements, that can be mistaken for
3935:
4667:
3930:
630:
frontal PSP, PSP-corticobasal syndrome (PSP-CBS), PSP-behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (PSP-bvFTD) and PSP-progressive non-fluent aphasia (PSP-PNFA)
299:, particularly in the vertical direction. The latter accounts for some of the falls experienced by these patients, as they find it difficult to look up or down.
2288:"Which clinical features differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) from related disorders? A clinicopathological study"
653:
as the predominant early presenting feature is increasingly recognized as a very rare subtype of PSP (PSP-C) which is associated with severe neuronal loss with
3515:
3732:
827:
Due to the progressive nature of this disease, all individuals eventually lose their ability to walk and will need to progress to using a wheelchair. Severe
2627:
287:
Later symptoms and signs can include, but do not necessarily include dementia (typically including loss of inhibition and ability to organize information),
261:
The initial symptoms in two-thirds of cases are loss of balance, lunging forward when mobilizing, fast walking, bumping into objects or people, and falls.
3559:
2531:"Characteristics of two distinct clinical phenotypes in pathologically proven progressive supranuclear palsy: Richardson's syndrome and PSP-parkinsonism"
2264:
745:
for PSP is known. PSP cases are often split into two subgroups, PSP-Richardson (the classic type) and PSP-Parkinsonism, where a short-term response to
4558:
902:
US: CurePSP, a nonprofit organization for promoting awareness, care and research of PSP, CBD, MSA "and other prime of life neurodegenerative diseases"
315:
253:
are slightly more likely to be affected than females. No association has been found between PSP and any particular race, location, or occupation.
4548:
3725:
2672:
501:
are seen in some cases, but whether this is a variant or an independent co-existing process is not clear, and in some cases, PSP can coexist with
1620:
757:
is also sometimes helpful. After a few years the
Parkinsonian variant tends to take on Richardson features. Other variants have been described.
4528:
4201:
1976:
Zhu MW, Wang LN, Li XH, Gui QP (April 2004). "" [Glial abnormalities in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration].
1373:"A clinicopathological study of vascular progressive supranuclear palsy: A multi-infarct disorder presenting as progressive supranuclear palsy"
954:
4553:
4185:
2344:
1308:
1143:
379:, with a wide-eye stare, furrowing of forehead with a frowning expression, and deepening of other facial creases, is also diagnostic of PSP.
4391:
4379:
3841:
1752:
Dugger BN, Adler CH, Shill HA, Caviness J, Jacobson S, Driver-Dunckley E, et al. (Arizona
Parkinson's Disease Consortium) (May 2014).
3621:
1801:
Kertesz A, Munoz D (2004). "Relationship between frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal degeneration/progressive supranuclear palsy".
1331:
4610:
4543:
4098:
4313:
4116:
3540:
808:
Case reports of rehabilitation programs for patients with PSP generally include limb-coordination activities, tilt-board balancing,
2194:
Dickson DW, Ahmed Z, Algom AA, Tsuboi Y, Josephs KA (August 2010). "Neuropathology of variants of progressive supranuclear palsy".
1709:
Gearing M, Olson DA, Watts RL, Mirra SS (June 1994). "Progressive supranuclear palsy: neuropathologic and clinical heterogeneity".
877:
There are several organizations around the world that support PSP patients and the research into PSP and related diseases, such as
3434:
920:
698:
593:) to be variations of the same disease. Others consider them separate diseases. PSP has been shown occasionally to co-exist with
4432:
968:
59:
673:
because they both involve slowed movements and gait difficulty, with PSP being one of a collection of diseases referred to as
4662:
3923:
3753:
2731:
Williams DR, Lees AJ (March 2009). "Progressive supranuclear palsy: clinicopathological concepts and diagnostic challenges".
4139:
387:
The cause of PSP is unknown. Fewer than 1% of those with PSP have a family member with the same disorder. A variant in the
4626:
4511:
4427:
4369:
3918:
1482:"Comparative biochemistry of tau in progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, FTDP-17 and Pick's disease"
869:
in 1963. They recognized the same clinical syndrome in eight patients, and described the autopsy findings in six of them.
4657:
4595:
3969:
497:, or tufted astrocytes, are also considered diagnostic. Unlike globose NFTs, they may be more widespread in the cortex.
3213:"Impact of Aspiration Pneumonia on the Clinical Course of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Retrospective Cohort Study"
4105:
559:
960:
was diagnosed with PSP in 2023, after having been diagnosed incorrectly with
Parkinson's disease earlier that year.
4583:
4133:
3805:
3198:"'I don't want to believe I have an incurable brain disease, but I know I have' - former RTE presenter Kieron Wood"
605:
4475:
4533:
4501:
4453:
4302:
3881:
1662:"Clinical Features of Patients with Concomitant Parkinson's Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Pathology"
878:
582:
502:
486:
436:
411:
199:
133:
4600:
4374:
3788:
3632:
1113:
4605:
1216:
4538:
4294:
4112:
3964:
3954:
3798:
2488:
O'Sullivan SS, Massey LA, Williams DR, Silveira-Moriyama L, Kempster PA, Holton JL, et al. (May 2008).
882:
674:
586:
478:
440:
227:
620:
Based on the pathological findings in confirmed cases of PSP, it is divided into the following categories:
4672:
4470:
4462:
4417:
4093:
4065:
3913:
948:
670:
506:
341:, which is often worse with downward saccades. Patients tend to have difficulty looking down (a downgaze
296:
231:
223:
141:
129:
124:
2707:
2418:
1539:"Neuropathologic overlap of progressive supranuclear palsy, Pick's disease and corticobasal degeneration"
1347:
896:
UK: PSPA, a national charity for information, patient support and research of PSP and CBD, set up in 1995
4485:
4359:
4177:
4155:
4070:
3993:
3903:
3890:
3815:
3705:
399:
349:
will correct when the examiner passively rolls the patient's head up and down as part of a test for the
337:
experienced by these patients mainly concerns voluntary eye movement and the inability to make vertical
292:
49:
3026:"Effects of robot assisted gait training in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP): a preliminary report"
2683:
2648:
428:, combined with vascular dysfunction, seems to be a factor of vascular progressive supranuclear palsy.
3106:
van Balken I, Litvan I (May 2006). "Current and future treatments in progressive supranuclear palsy".
4422:
4239:
4128:
3224:
982:
793:
354:
350:
323:
219:
1412:
Caparros-Lefebvre D, Sergeant N, Lees A, Camuzat A, Daniel S, Lannuzel A, et al. (April 2002).
249:
PSP affects about six people per 100,000. The first symptoms typically occur at 60–70 years of age.
4351:
3998:
3853:
3793:
3610:
862:
706:
608:(MRI) is often used to diagnose PSP. MRI may show atrophy in the midbrain with preservation of the
520:
2438:"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury"
4677:
4521:
4506:
4494:
4244:
4195:
4032:
3895:
3783:
3694:
3350:
3179:
3131:
2884:
2840:
2756:
2436:
McKee AC, Cantu RC, Nowinski CJ, Hedley-Whyte ET, Gavett BE, Budson AE, et al. (July 2009).
2037:
1958:
1914:
1870:
1826:
1734:
1519:
87:
3717:
3075:
4284:
4250:
4222:
4213:
4145:
4121:
3988:
3836:
3672:
3643:
3415:
3380:
3342:
3301:
3252:
3171:
3123:
3057:
3006:
2960:
2919:
2876:
2832:
2797:
2748:
2601:
2552:
2511:
2467:
2399:
2350:
2340:
2309:
2286:
Litvan I, Campbell G, Mangone CA, Verny M, McKee A, Chaudhuri KR, et al. (January 1997).
2246:
2211:
2176:
2153:
Caparros-Lefebvre D, Sergeant N, Lees A, Camuzat A, Daniel S, Lannuzel A, et al. (2002).
2135:
2086:
2029:
1993:
1950:
1906:
1862:
1818:
1783:
1726:
1691:
1642:
1601:
1560:
1511:
1462:
1435:
1394:
1314:
1304:
1278:
1193:
1139:
1095:
1041:
650:
594:
365:
75:
2529:
Williams DR, de Silva R, Paviour DC, Pittman A, Watt HC, Kilford L, et al. (June 2005).
1453:
Amano N, Iwabuchi K, Yokoi S, Yagishita S, Itoh Y, Saitoh A, et al. (January 1989). "".
4407:
4278:
4273:
4058:
4053:
3407:
3332:
3291:
3283:
3242:
3232:
3163:
3115:
3047:
3037:
2996:
2950:
2911:
2868:
2824:
2787:
2740:
2591:
2583:
2542:
2501:
2457:
2449:
2389:
2381:
2332:
2299:
2238:
2203:
2166:
2125:
2117:
2076:
2068:
2021:
1985:
1942:
1898:
1854:
1810:
1773:
1765:
1718:
1681:
1673:
1632:
1591:
1550:
1501:
1493:
1425:
1384:
1268:
1258:
1183:
1175:
1085:
1031:
1021:
645:
524:
334:
215:
207:
97:
3211:
Tomita S, Oeda T, Umemura A, Kohsaka M, Park K, Yamamoto K, et al. (August 13, 2015).
1989:
4329:
4020:
3321:"Progressive supranuclear palsy: new disease or variant of postencephalitic parkinsonism?"
2370:"Predictors of falls and fractures in bradykinetic rigid syndromes: a retrospective study"
2154:
964:
957:
925:
725:
658:
565:
547:
528:
3411:
3228:
1596:
1580:"Lewy bodies in progressive supranuclear palsy represent an independent disease process"
1579:
4386:
4335:
4163:
3872:
3749:
3247:
3212:
3052:
3025:
2596:
2571:
2462:
2437:
2394:
2369:
2155:"Guadeloupean parkinsonism: A cluster of progressive supranuclear palsy-like tauopathy"
2130:
2105:
2081:
2056:
1778:
1753:
1686:
1661:
1660:
Rigby HB, Dugger BN, Hentz JG, Adler CH, Beach TG, Shill HA, et al. (March 2015).
1506:
1497:
1481:
1414:"Guadeloupean parkinsonism: a cluster of progressive supranuclear palsy-like tauopathy"
1273:
1246:
1188:
1163:
1036:
1009:
944:
852:
is a frequent cause of death, often caused by accidental aspiration of food particles.
716:
695:
PSP can also be misdiagnosed as
Alzheimer's disease because of the behavioral changes.
319:
311:
3615:
3398:
Steele JC, Richardson JC, Olszewski J (April 1964). "Progressive
Supranuclear Palsy".
3296:
3271:
2744:
4651:
4412:
4364:
4234:
4003:
3959:
3810:
3463:
2844:
2242:
2025:
1769:
1555:
1538:
809:
766:
701:(CTE) shows many similarities with PSP, because both share the following attributes:
555:
516:
376:
273:
3683:
3516:"'Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist' Boss on That Devastating Finale and Season 2 Plans"
3354:
3183:
3135:
3024:
Sale P, Stocchi F, Galafate D, De Pandis MF, Le Pera D, Sova I, et al. (2014).
2955:
2938:
2888:
2792:
2775:
2041:
1918:
1874:
1830:
1738:
1523:
940:
was diagnosed with PSP in 1999, and died of complications from the disease in 2002.
540:(the portion of the midbrain where "supranuclear" eye movement resides), as well as
3908:
3778:
3761:
2760:
1962:
937:
915:
912:
816:
777:
551:
541:
327:
2708:"Progressive Supranuclear Palsy – NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)"
2057:"The Hummingbird sign: a diagnostic clue for Steele-Richardson-Olszweski syndrome"
17:
3637:
3237:
2490:"Clinical outcomes of progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy"
2453:
2207:
1179:
796:, speech-language pathology for motor speech changes (typically a spastic-ataxic
3867:
3828:
3770:
3667:
2872:
2587:
1389:
1372:
709:
574:
498:
490:
482:
474:
388:
307:
235:
211:
93:
3648:
2985:"Progressive supranuclear palsy: disease profile and rehabilitation strategies"
2915:
684:
Patients with the
Richardson variant of PSP tend to have an upright posture or
644:
PSP initially presents with behavioral and cognitive symptoms, with or without
43:
Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome, frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism
3978:
3848:
3689:
3600:
3167:
3119:
1902:
1858:
1637:
899:
Ireland: PSPAI, an organization which aims to increase public awareness of PSP
797:
754:
750:
637:
569:
453:
444:
403:
288:
243:
165:
156:
3042:
2385:
2354:
2304:
2287:
1318:
1263:
418:, are being investigated as other possible contributors to the cause of PSP.
4088:
4039:
4027:
4010:
3942:
3678:
2072:
1026:
988:
849:
843:
No effective treatment or cure has been found for PSP, although some of the
828:
770:
719:
627:
PSP-parkinsonism (PSP-P) and PSP-pure akinesia with gait freezing (PSP-PAGF)
533:
494:
448:
432:
425:
415:
395:
361:
281:
234:. The cause of the condition is uncertain, but involves the accumulation of
172:
80:
3419:
3384:
3346:
3256:
3175:
3127:
3061:
3010:
3001:
2984:
2964:
2923:
2880:
2836:
2801:
2752:
2605:
2556:
2547:
2530:
2515:
2506:
2489:
2471:
2403:
2250:
2215:
2180:
2171:
2139:
2090:
2033:
1997:
1910:
1866:
1822:
1787:
1695:
1646:
1621:"Progressive supranuclear palsy: a review of co-existing neurodegeneration"
1605:
1515:
1439:
1430:
1413:
1398:
1282:
1197:
1099:
1090:
1073:
1045:
577:, particularly the area where some control of the bladder and bowel resides
3305:
3287:
2313:
1954:
1946:
1730:
1722:
1564:
1466:
4268:
4260:
4226:
4080:
3983:
3700:
820:
781:
762:
746:
689:
685:
681:, along with symmetrical onset can also help differentiate PSP from PD.
678:
458:
369:
262:
202:
involving the gradual deterioration and death of specific volumes of the
101:
67:
2828:
2121:
1677:
844:
654:
590:
470:
346:
338:
277:
137:
3583:
3488:
3337:
3320:
1814:
342:
4307:
4048:
4015:
3595:
1247:"Microsaccade Characteristics in Neurological and Ophthalmic Disease"
537:
303:
269:
239:
161:
3560:"Rep. Jennifer Wexton will not seek reelection as diagnosis changes"
1754:"Concomitant pathologies among a spectrum of parkinsonian disorders"
222:. PSP may be mistaken for other types of neurodegeneration such as
4563:
Spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED)
2336:
3451:
3435:"Progressive supranuclear palsy: cognitive and behavioral changes"
2937:
Barsottini OG, Felício AC, Aquino CC, Pedroso JL (December 2010).
2774:
Barsottini OG, Felício AC, Aquino CC, Pedroso JL (December 2010).
947:
was diagnosed with PSP in 2019, following an initial diagnosis of
832:
758:
345:) followed by the addition of an upgaze palsy. This vertical gaze
203:
3475:
2902:
Abe K (January 2008). "Zolpidem therapy for movement disorders".
3626:
2329:
Textbook of Clinical Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience
1371:
Josephs KA, Ishizawa T, Tsuboi Y, Cookson N, Dickson DW (2002).
1335:
801:
742:
609:
250:
3721:
330:. Some patients retain full cognitive function up to the end.
3272:"The "subcortical dementias"of progressive supranuclear palsy"
63:
2572:"Diagnosis and management of atypical parkinsonian syndromes"
265:
symptoms are also initially seen in about one in five cases.
3154:
Golbe LI (November 2001). "Progressive Supranuclear Palsy".
1578:
Uchikado H, DelleDonne A, Ahmed Z, Dickson DW (April 2006).
1978:
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Pathology
2267:. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
1240:
1238:
1134:
Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC (2012).
1299:
Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL (2016).
967:(1944–2014), the first Deaf actor to earn a Tony Award (
924:, the title character's father (Mitch Clarke, played by
657:
and higher densities of coiled bodies in the cerebellar
3501:
1303:. Vol. 2 (7th ed.). Elsevier. p. 1439.
1010:"'Hummingbird' sign in progressive supranuclear palsy"
3373:
Transactions of the American Neurological Association
2106:"Clinical Approach to Progressive Supranuclear Palsy"
753:
is an occasional but rare complication of treatment.
314:, a backward tilt of the head with stiffening of the
3573:
1584:
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
1543:
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
4484:
4461:
4452:
4445:
4400:
4350:
4322:
4293:
4259:
4221:
4210:
4176:
4154:
4079:
3889:
3880:
3866:
3826:
3769:
3760:
3658:
3577:
1336:
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive, 1; PSNP1 - 601104
1245:Alexander RG, Macknik SL, Martinez-Conde S (2018).
512:The principal areas of the brain affected are the:
181:
171:
155:
147:
123:
115:
107:
86:
74:
39:
34:
3276:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
2576:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
2374:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
1537:Feany MB, Mattiace LA, Dickson DW (January 1996).
1008:Shukla R, Sinha M, Kumar R, Singh D (April 2009).
792:Patients with PSP usually seek or are referred to
439:seems to be a factor involved in PSP. Especially,
151:Medication, physical therapy, occupational therapy
1138:(6th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. p. 1778.
865:, were first described by Albert and colleagues.
3319:Brusa A, Stoehr R, Pramstaller PP (March 2004).
2673:"What's New in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy?"
1352:NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)
936:English actor, comedian, musician and composer
2939:"Progressive supranuclear palsy: new concepts"
2776:"Progressive supranuclear palsy: new concepts"
784:may improve motor function and eye movements.
3733:
3366:
3364:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
2483:
2481:
1625:The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
1114:"ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics"
461:) are implicated in PSP-like brain injuries.
282:a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction
8:
3149:
3147:
3145:
2368:Williams DR, Watt HC, Lees AJ (April 2006).
375:A characteristic facial appearance known as
353:. Involuntary eye movement, as elicited by
206:. The condition leads to symptoms including
2978:
2976:
2974:
2815:Nijboer H, Dautzenberg PL (June 2009). "".
2265:"Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Fact Sheet"
1217:"Symptoms - Progressive supranuclear palsy"
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
177:Fatal (usually 7–10 years after diagnosis)
4458:
4449:
4218:
3886:
3877:
3766:
3740:
3726:
3718:
3574:
2817:Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie
2649:"Orphanet: Progressive supranuclear palsy"
1803:Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
357:, for instance, may be closer to normal.
31:
3336:
3295:
3246:
3236:
3051:
3041:
3000:
2954:
2791:
2620:"What is progressive supranuclear palsy?"
2595:
2546:
2505:
2461:
2393:
2303:
2170:
2129:
2080:
1777:
1685:
1636:
1595:
1554:
1505:
1429:
1388:
1294:
1292:
1272:
1262:
1187:
1089:
1035:
1025:
3541:"Linda Ronstadt Has Found Another Voice"
3270:Albert ML, Willis A, Feldman RG (1974).
1619:Keith-Rokosh J, Ang LC (November 2008).
1301:Bradley's neurology in clinical practice
1136:Bradley's neurology in clinical practice
800:), and physical therapy for balance and
1000:
985:(Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex of Guam)
624:classical Richardson syndrome (PSP-RS)
414:to cause PSP. Other genes, as well as
238:within the brain. Medications such as
4529:Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies
4202:Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS
3156:Current Treatment Options in Neurology
3108:Current Treatment Options in Neurology
4668:Extrapyramidal and movement disorders
3433:Hershey L, Lichter D (10 June 2016).
2983:Zampieri C, Di Fabio RP (June 2006).
2055:Sonthalia N, Ray S (September 2012).
1480:Buée L, Delacourte A (October 1999).
1211:
1209:
1207:
1014:Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
7:
4380:Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
3412:10.1001/archneur.1964.00460160003001
2904:Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery
1990:10.3760/j.issn:0529-5807.2004.02.008
1758:Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
1666:Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
1157:
1155:
1129:
1127:
741:Management is only supportive as no
509:, particularly with older patients.
1597:10.1097/01.jnen.0000218449.17073.43
1332:Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
4611:Infantile progressive bulbar palsy
1498:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00550.x
669:PSP is frequently misdiagnosed as
469:The affected brain cells are both
25:
4314:Template:Cerebrovascular diseases
4117:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
831:often follows, and at this point
302:Some of the other signs are poor
4334:For more detailed coverage, see
4312:For more detailed coverage, see
4283:For more detailed coverage, see
4249:For more detailed coverage, see
4200:For more detailed coverage, see
3539:Schulman M (September 1, 2019).
3076:"Progressive Supranuclear Palsy"
2419:"Progressive Supranuclear Palsy"
2243:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.019
2026:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2006.00671.x
1770:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.02.012
1556:10.1097/00005072-199601000-00006
1348:"Progressive Supranuclear Palsy"
1074:"Progressive supranuclear palsy"
776:Two studies have suggested that
699:Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
48:
3558:Portnoy J (18 September 2023).
2956:10.1590/S0004-282X2010000600020
2793:10.1590/s0004-282x2010000600020
1455:No to Shinkei = Brain and Nerve
3695:Progressive supranuclear palsy
372:(double vision) when reading.
192:Progressive supranuclear palsy
35:Progressive supranuclear palsy
1:
4627:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
4512:Hereditary spastic paraplegia
4370:Normal pressure hydrocephalus
2943:Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
2780:Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
2745:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70042-0
2331:. CRC Press. pp. 400–1.
2110:Journal of Movement Disorders
921:Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist
835:is often a matter of months.
612:giving a "hummingbird" sign.
246:may be useful in some cases.
4596:Progressive muscular atrophy
3238:10.1371/journal.pone.0135823
2454:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503
2208:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32833be924
2196:Current Opinion in Neurology
1180:10.1212/CON.0000000000000300
481:(NFTs), which are clumps of
412:necessary but not sufficient
4106:Primary progressive aphasia
3464:PSP France - Notre histoire
2873:10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.1231
2588:10.1136/jnnp.72.suppl_1.i10
1390:10.1001/archneur.59.10.1597
560:frontotemporal degeneration
550:, particularly that of the
4694:
4428:Hashimoto's encephalopathy
4134:Posterior cortical atrophy
3955:Striatonigral degeneration
3806:Cavernous sinus thrombosis
2916:10.2174/157488908783421519
2861:Alzheimer's & Dementia
2327:Moore DP, Puri BK (2012).
1164:"Frontotemporal Dementias"
761:can be used to treat neck
606:Magnetic resonance imaging
216:difficulty moving the eyes
66:scan shows atrophy of the
4534:Spinal muscular atrophies
4502:Primary lateral sclerosis
4360:Intracranial hypertension
4140:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
3514:Bentley J (May 3, 2020).
3168:10.1007/s11940-001-0010-0
3120:10.1007/s11940-006-0012-z
2231:Parkinsonism Relat Disord
1903:10.1007/s00401-003-0711-4
1859:10.1007/s00401-003-0728-8
1638:10.1017/S0317167100009392
973:), passed away from PSP.
963:Tony Award-winning actor
879:corticobasal degeneration
769:, but this can aggravate
712:in neurons or glial cells
583:corticobasal degeneration
503:corticobasal degeneration
487:corticobasal degeneration
437:mitochondrial dysfunction
200:neurodegenerative disease
134:corticobasal degeneration
56:
47:
4601:Progressive bulbar palsy
4392:Intracranial hypotension
4375:Choroid plexus papilloma
3789:Herpesviral encephalitis
3043:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00207
2570:Brooks DJ (March 2002).
2442:J Neuropathol Exp Neurol
2386:10.1136/jnnp.2005.074070
1264:10.3389/fneur.2018.00144
1162:Finger EC (April 2016).
970:Children of a Lesser God
724:Involve the superficial
675:Parkinson plus syndromes
410:haplotype appears to be
4113:Frontotemporal dementia
3799:Encephalitis lethargica
2104:Ling H (January 2016).
2073:10.1136/bcr-2012-006263
1072:Golbe LI (April 2014).
1027:10.4103/0972-2327.53087
883:multiple system atrophy
587:frontotemporal dementia
479:neurofibrillary tangles
441:mitochondrial complex I
228:frontotemporal dementia
4418:Hepatic encephalopathy
3520:The Hollywood Reporter
3504:, re-linked 2020-01-20
3478:, re-linked 2020-01-20
3466:, re-linked 2020-01-20
3454:, re-linked 2020-01-20
2305:10.1093/brain/120.1.65
1251:Frontiers in Neurology
1174:(2 Dementia): 464–89.
1091:10.1055/s-0034-1381736
665:Differential diagnosis
505:, Parkinson's, and/or
477:. The neurons display
125:Differential diagnosis
98:difficulty moving eyes
4663:Corticobasal syndrome
4476:Ataxia–telangiectasia
4433:Static encephalopathy
4156:Mitochondrial disease
3994:Spasmodic torticollis
3904:Basal ganglia disease
3452:PSP Society of Canada
3400:Archives of Neurology
3288:10.1136/jnnp.37.2.121
3080:CCF for PSP Awareness
2733:The Lancet. Neurology
2624:Movementdisorders.org
1947:10.1007/s004010050911
1935:Acta Neuropathologica
1891:Acta Neuropathologica
1847:Acta Neuropathologica
1723:10.1212/wnl.44.6.1015
1377:Archives of Neurology
1078:Seminars in Neurology
911:In the 2020 American
293:difficulty swallowing
4423:Toxic encephalopathy
4129:Lewy bodies dementia
3002:10.1093/ptj/86.6.870
2582:(Suppl 1): I10–I16.
2548:10.1093/brain/awh488
2507:10.1093/brain/awn065
2423:www.rarediseases.org
2172:10.1093/brain/awf086
1431:10.1093/brain/awf086
983:Lytico-bodig disease
794:occupational therapy
715:Accumulation of tau-
688:, as opposed to the
443:inhibitors (such as
416:environmental toxins
389:gene for tau protein
351:oculocephalic reflex
324:urinary incontinence
274:a lack of inhibition
220:cognitive impairment
4658:Cognitive disorders
4471:Friedreich's ataxia
3854:Meningoencephalitis
3794:Limbic encephalitis
3229:2015PLoSO..1035823T
949:Parkinson's disease
918:television series,
873:Society and culture
863:executive functions
707:hyperphosphorylated
671:Parkinson's disease
581:Some consider PSP,
536:, particularly the
521:subthalamic nucleus
519:, particularly the
507:Alzheimer's disease
457:plants, as well as
232:Alzheimer's disease
224:Parkinson's disease
212:slowing of movement
142:Alzheimer's disease
130:Parkinson's disease
4507:Pseudobulbar palsy
4245:Status epilepticus
4196:Multiple sclerosis
4033:Myoclonic epilepsy
3896:movement disorders
3842:Acute disseminated
3784:Viral encephalitis
3659:External resources
3491:. 18 October 2013.
3325:Movement Disorders
3200:. 21 October 2019.
3030:Front Hum Neurosci
2829:10.1007/BF03079574
2122:10.14802/jmd.15060
1678:10.1002/mdc3.12104
907:In popular culture
421:Additionally, the
289:slurring of speech
257:Signs and symptoms
198:) is a late-onset
92:Impaired balance,
18:Supranuclear palsy
4645:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4441:
4440:
4346:
4345:
4285:Template:Headache
4251:Template:Epilepsy
4172:
4171:
4146:Vascular dementia
3989:Status dystonicus
3862:
3861:
3837:Encephalomyelitis
3715:
3714:
3439:MedLink Neurology
3338:10.1002/mds.10699
2541:(Pt 6): 1247–58.
2500:(Pt 5): 1362–72.
2346:978-1-4441-6494-7
2067:: bcr2012006263.
1815:10.1159/000077155
1310:978-0-323-28783-8
1145:978-1-4377-0434-1
955:US Representative
749:can be obtained.
705:Accumulations of
651:Cerebellar ataxia
355:Bell's phenomenon
295:, and difficulty
189:
188:
29:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4685:
4459:
4450:
4408:Brain herniation
4219:
4059:Intention tremor
4054:Essential tremor
3919:Postencephalitic
3887:
3878:
3767:
3748:Diseases of the
3742:
3735:
3728:
3719:
3575:
3568:
3567:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3340:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3299:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3240:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3103:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3045:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2989:Physical Therapy
2980:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2712:Rarediseases.org
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2682:. Archived from
2677:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2626:. Archived from
2616:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2061:BMJ Case Reports
2052:
2046:
2045:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1781:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1509:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1424:(Pt 4): 801–11.
1409:
1403:
1402:
1392:
1383:(10): 1597–601.
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1223:. 14 August 2018
1213:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1093:
1069:
1050:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1005:
943:American singer
646:ophthalmoparesis
525:substantia nigra
335:ophthalmoparesis
320:sleep disruption
94:slowed movements
52:
32:
21:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4633:
4559:Congenital DSMA
4480:
4437:
4396:
4342:
4330:Sleep disorders
4318:
4295:Cerebrovascular
4289:
4255:
4212:
4206:
4168:
4150:
4075:
4021:Choreoathetosis
3894:
3871:
3858:
3822:
3756:
3746:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3654:
3653:
3586:
3572:
3571:
3564:Washington Post
3557:
3556:
3552:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3524:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3370:
3369:
3362:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3223:(8): e0135823.
3210:
3209:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3153:
3152:
3143:
3105:
3104:
3093:
3084:
3082:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3023:
3022:
3018:
2982:
2981:
2972:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2716:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2631:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2347:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2298:(Pt 1): 65–74.
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2237:(12): 1149–51.
2228:
2227:
2223:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1486:Brain Pathology
1479:
1478:
1474:
1457:(in Japanese).
1452:
1451:
1447:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1330:
1326:
1311:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1071:
1070:
1053:
1007:
1006:
1002:
997:
979:
965:Phyllis Frelich
958:Jennifer Wexton
934:
926:Peter Gallagher
909:
875:
858:
841:
790:
739:
734:
726:cortical layers
690:stooped-forward
667:
659:dentate nucleus
636:PSP induced by
618:
603:
566:dentate nucleus
548:cerebral cortex
529:globus pallidus
467:
465:Pathophysiology
385:
297:moving the eyes
259:
208:loss of balance
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4691:
4689:
4681:
4680:
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4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
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4439:
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4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4387:Cerebral edema
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4356:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4336:Template:Sleep
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4164:Leigh syndrome
4160:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3900:
3898:
3891:Extrapyramidal
3884:
3875:
3873:encephalopathy
3864:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3775:
3773:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3750:nervous system
3747:
3745:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3697:
3686:
3675:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3640:
3629:
3618:
3603:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:Classification
3570:
3569:
3550:
3545:The New Yorker
3531:
3506:
3494:
3480:
3468:
3456:
3444:
3425:
3390:
3360:
3311:
3282:(2): 121–130.
3262:
3203:
3189:
3141:
3091:
3067:
3016:
2970:
2929:
2894:
2850:
2807:
2766:
2723:
2699:
2664:
2640:
2611:
2562:
2521:
2477:
2428:
2409:
2360:
2345:
2337:10.1201/b13258
2319:
2278:
2256:
2221:
2202:(4): 394–400.
2186:
2165:(4): 801–811.
2145:
2096:
2047:
2014:Neuropathology
2003:
1980:(in Chinese).
1968:
1924:
1880:
1836:
1793:
1744:
1717:(6): 1015–24.
1701:
1652:
1611:
1570:
1529:
1472:
1445:
1404:
1363:
1339:
1324:
1309:
1288:
1234:
1203:
1151:
1144:
1123:
1105:
1051:
999:
998:
996:
993:
992:
991:
986:
978:
975:
945:Linda Ronstadt
933:
930:
908:
905:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
890:
874:
871:
857:
854:
840:
837:
789:
788:Rehabilitation
786:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
722:
717:immunoreactive
713:
666:
663:
641:
640:
634:
631:
628:
625:
617:
614:
602:
599:
595:Pick's disease
579:
578:
572:
563:
558:(similarly to
545:
531:
466:
463:
384:
381:
312:facial muscles
258:
255:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
169:
168:
159:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
127:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
54:
53:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4690:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Rare diseases
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:Reye syndrome
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Hydrocephalus
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4178:Demyelinating
4175:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:Restless legs
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4004:Blepharospasm
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3960:Hemiballismus
3958:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3811:Brain abscess
3809:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3495:
3490:
3489:"What is PSP"
3484:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3406:(4): 333–59.
3405:
3401:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3331:(3): 247–52.
3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3114:(3): 211–23.
3113:
3109:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2995:(6): 870–80.
2994:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2949:(6): 938–46.
2948:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2786:(6): 938–46.
2785:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2689:on 2016-09-09
2685:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2630:on 2016-12-14
2629:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:(7): 709–35.
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:(4): 468–73.
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:(3): 222–30.
2019:
2015:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:(3): 251–60.
1852:
1848:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1590:(4): 387–95.
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:(4): 681–93.
1491:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
1001:
994:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
974:
972:
971:
966:
961:
959:
956:
952:
950:
946:
941:
939:
932:Notable cases
931:
929:
927:
923:
922:
917:
914:
906:
901:
898:
895:
891:
888:
887:
886:
884:
880:
872:
870:
866:
864:
855:
853:
851:
846:
838:
836:
834:
830:
825:
822:
818:
817:mobility aids
813:
811:
810:gait training
806:
803:
799:
795:
787:
785:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
767:blepharospasm
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
736:
731:
727:
723:
721:
718:
714:
711:
708:
704:
703:
702:
700:
696:
693:
691:
687:
682:
680:
676:
672:
664:
662:
660:
656:
652:
647:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
622:
621:
615:
613:
611:
607:
600:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
576:
573:
571:
567:
564:
561:
557:
556:limbic system
553:
552:frontal lobes
549:
546:
543:
539:
535:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:basal ganglia
515:
514:
513:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
455:
451:contained in
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
424:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:chromosome 17
398:, located on
397:
394:
390:
382:
380:
378:
377:procerus sign
373:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
256:
254:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
185:6 per 100,000
184:
180:
176:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
89:
85:
82:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
55:
51:
46:
42:
38:
33:
27:
19:
4621:
4520:
4493:
4454:Degenerative
4191:Inflammatory
4138:
4071:Stiff-person
3947:
3909:Parkinsonism
3882:Degenerative
3779:Encephalitis
3762:Inflammation
3752:, primarily
3699:
3688:
3677:
3666:
3642:
3631:
3620:
3605:
3590:
3563:
3553:
3544:
3534:
3523:. Retrieved
3519:
3509:
3497:
3483:
3471:
3459:
3447:
3438:
3428:
3403:
3399:
3393:
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3162:(6): 473–7.
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2932:
2910:(1): 55–60.
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2823:(3): 133–7.
2820:
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2779:
2769:
2739:(3): 270–9.
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2732:
2726:
2715:. Retrieved
2711:
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2684:the original
2679:
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2652:
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2628:the original
2623:
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2158:
2148:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2064:
2060:
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2017:
2013:
2006:
1984:(2): 125–9.
1981:
1977:
1971:
1941:(4): 401–8.
1938:
1934:
1927:
1897:(2): 143–9.
1894:
1890:
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1850:
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1839:
1809:(4): 282–6.
1806:
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1672:(1): 33–38.
1669:
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1631:(5): 602–8.
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1549:(1): 53–67.
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1461:(1): 35–44.
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1355:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1327:
1300:
1257:(144): 144.
1254:
1250:
1225:. Retrieved
1220:
1171:
1167:
1135:
1117:
1108:
1084:(2): 151–9.
1081:
1077:
1017:
1013:
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969:
962:
953:
942:
938:Dudley Moore
935:
919:
916:comedy-drama
910:
876:
867:
859:
842:
826:
814:
807:
791:
778:rivastigmine
775:
740:
697:
694:
683:
668:
642:
619:
604:
589:(especially
580:
542:dopaminergic
511:
468:
452:
430:
422:
420:
407:
392:
386:
374:
359:
332:
328:constipation
316:neck muscles
301:
286:
267:
260:
248:
195:
191:
190:
26:
4606:Fazio–Londe
4446:Both/either
4240:Generalised
4099:Early-onset
4094:Alzheimer's
3829:spinal cord
3668:MedlinePlus
2867:(1): 70–4.
2271:19 February
2116:(1): 3–13.
1118:icd.who.int
928:) has PSP.
710:tau protein
686:arched back
575:spinal cord
499:Lewy bodies
491:tau protein
489:. Tufts of
483:tau protein
475:glial cells
445:acetogenins
391:called the
366:convergence
308:contracture
236:tau protein
111:60–70 years
108:Usual onset
40:Other names
4652:Categories
4214:paroxysmal
4186:Autoimmune
3979:Dyskinesia
3849:Meningitis
3827:Brain and
3690:Patient UK
3644:DiseasesDB
3525:2020-05-04
3085:2023-07-11
2717:2017-01-08
2693:2017-01-08
2658:2017-01-08
2634:2017-01-08
2417:Elble RJ.
1357:2022-03-18
1227:19 January
1020:(2): 133.
995:References
881:(CBD) and
798:dysarthria
755:Amantadine
751:Dyskinesia
732:Management
720:astrocytes
638:Annonaceae
570:cerebellum
495:astrocytes
454:Annonaceae
449:quinolines
306:function,
244:amantadine
166:amantadine
157:Medication
4678:Syndromes
4211:Episodic/
4089:Tauopathy
4040:Akathisia
4028:Myoclonus
4011:Athetosis
3943:Tauopathy
3684:neuro/328
3679:eMedicine
2845:140525754
2653:Orpha.net
2355:799764189
1711:Neurology
1319:932031625
1168:Continuum
989:Annonacin
951:in 2014.
850:Pneumonia
839:Prognosis
829:dysphagia
771:dysphagia
737:Treatment
601:Diagnosis
534:brainstem
459:rotenoids
433:tauopathy
426:haplotype
404:rs1800547
396:haplotype
362:nystagmus
182:Frequency
173:Prognosis
148:Treatment
81:Neurology
76:Specialty
4577:SMALED2B
4572:SMALED2A
4269:Migraine
4261:Headache
4227:epilepsy
4223:Seizures
4081:Dementia
3984:Dystonia
3701:Orphanet
3420:14107684
3385:14272249
3379:: 25–9.
3355:41907329
3347:15022178
3257:26270456
3217:PLOS ONE
3184:36973020
3176:11581524
3136:30537997
3128:16569380
3062:24860459
3011:16737412
2965:21243256
2924:18221242
2889:33349776
2881:20129321
2837:19731749
2802:21243256
2753:19233037
2680:Acnr.org
2606:11870198
2557:15788542
2516:18385183
2472:19535999
2404:16543524
2251:23916652
2216:20610990
2181:11912113
2140:26828211
2091:22987902
2042:25562683
2034:16771179
1998:15132848
1919:25741692
1911:12732936
1875:20275104
1867:12802605
1831:21017979
1823:15178937
1788:24637124
1739:20622672
1696:30363831
1647:19235444
1606:16691119
1524:10711305
1516:10517507
1440:11912113
1399:12374498
1334:(OMIM):
1283:29593642
1198:27042904
1100:24963674
1046:20142864
977:See also
845:symptoms
821:ambulate
782:zolpidem
763:dystonia
747:levodopa
679:levodopa
554:and the
431:Besides
370:diplopia
339:saccades
263:Dementia
240:levodopa
162:Levodopa
102:dementia
88:Symptoms
68:midbrain
4589:SMA-PME
4584:SMA-PCH
4567:SMALED1
4279:Tension
4274:Cluster
3999:Meige's
3816:Amoebic
3638:D013494
3502:CurePSP
3441:: 1–37.
3306:4819905
3248:4536232
3225:Bibcode
3053:4029018
3036:: 207.
2761:1417930
2597:1765580
2463:2945234
2395:2077491
2314:9055798
2131:4734991
2082:4543120
1963:7265831
1955:9797005
1779:4028418
1731:8208392
1687:6183005
1565:8558172
1507:8098140
1467:2655673
1274:5859063
1189:5390934
1037:2812742
913:musical
893:Lebanon
885:(MSA).
856:History
655:gliosis
591:FTDP-17
568:of the
471:neurons
347:paresis
310:of the
278:anxiety
138:FTDP-17
119:Unknown
4308:Stroke
4122:Pick's
4049:Tremor
4016:Chorea
3673:000767
3627:601104
3418:
3383:
3353:
3345:
3304:
3297:494589
3294:
3255:
3245:
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1996:
1961:
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1917:
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1829:
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1737:
1729:
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1397:
1317:
1307:
1281:
1271:
1196:
1186:
1142:
1098:
1044:
1034:
585:, and
544:nuclei
538:tectum
527:, and
326:, and
304:eyelid
280:, and
270:apathy
218:, and
116:Causes
4622:both:
4554:DSMA1
4549:SMAX2
4544:SMAX1
4524:only:
4497:only:
4401:Other
4323:Other
4235:Focal
3868:Brain
3771:Brain
3649:10723
3616:333.0
3601:G23.1
3351:S2CID
3180:S2CID
3132:S2CID
2885:S2CID
2841:S2CID
2757:S2CID
2687:(PDF)
2676:(PDF)
2535:Brain
2494:Brain
2292:Brain
2159:Brain
2038:S2CID
1959:S2CID
1915:S2CID
1871:S2CID
1827:S2CID
1735:S2CID
1520:S2CID
1418:Brain
833:death
759:Botox
633:PSP-C
616:Types
383:Cause
343:palsy
251:Males
204:brain
4225:and
3936:PKAN
3931:NBIA
3633:MeSH
3622:OMIM
3611:9-CM
3476:PSPA
3416:PMID
3381:PMID
3343:PMID
3302:PMID
3253:PMID
3172:PMID
3124:PMID
3058:PMID
3007:PMID
2961:PMID
2920:PMID
2877:PMID
2833:PMID
2798:PMID
2749:PMID
2602:PMID
2553:PMID
2512:PMID
2468:PMID
2400:PMID
2351:OCLC
2341:ISBN
2310:PMID
2273:2019
2247:PMID
2212:PMID
2177:PMID
2136:PMID
2087:PMID
2065:2012
2030:PMID
1994:PMID
1951:PMID
1907:PMID
1863:PMID
1819:PMID
1784:PMID
1727:PMID
1692:PMID
1643:PMID
1602:PMID
1561:PMID
1512:PMID
1463:PMID
1436:PMID
1395:PMID
1315:OCLC
1305:ISBN
1279:PMID
1229:2021
1194:PMID
1140:ISBN
1096:PMID
1042:PMID
802:gait
765:and
743:cure
610:pons
473:and
447:and
242:and
230:and
4539:SMA
4522:LMN
4495:UMN
4486:MND
4352:CSF
4303:TIA
3948:PSP
3924:NMS
3893:and
3754:CNS
3706:683
3607:ICD
3592:ICD
3408:doi
3333:doi
3292:PMC
3284:doi
3243:PMC
3233:doi
3164:doi
3116:doi
3048:PMC
3038:doi
2997:doi
2951:doi
2912:doi
2869:doi
2825:doi
2788:doi
2741:doi
2592:PMC
2584:doi
2543:doi
2539:128
2502:doi
2498:131
2458:PMC
2450:doi
2390:PMC
2382:doi
2333:doi
2300:doi
2296:120
2239:doi
2204:doi
2167:doi
2163:125
2126:PMC
2118:doi
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2069:doi
2022:doi
1986:doi
1943:doi
1899:doi
1895:106
1855:doi
1851:106
1811:doi
1774:PMC
1766:doi
1719:doi
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1674:doi
1633:doi
1592:doi
1551:doi
1502:PMC
1494:doi
1426:doi
1422:125
1385:doi
1269:PMC
1259:doi
1221:NHS
1184:PMC
1176:doi
1086:doi
1032:PMC
1022:doi
493:in
196:PSP
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