Surface-to-air missile - Knowledge (XXG)

31: 592: 196: 30: 1129: 916: 89:, but no operational systems were introduced. Further development in the 1940s and 1950s led to operational systems being introduced by most major forces during the second half of the 1950s. Smaller systems, suitable for close-range work, evolved through the 1960s and 1970s, to modern systems that are man-portable. Shipborne systems followed the evolution of land-based models, starting with long-range weapons and steadily evolving toward smaller designs to provide a layered defence. This evolution of design increasingly pushed gun-based systems into the shortest-range roles. 882: 537:: SA-1 "Guild"), which was designed, developed and deployed in a rush program. Early units entered operational service on 7 May 1955, and the entire system ringing Moscow was completely activated by June 1956. The system failed, however, to detect, track, and intercept the only overflight of the Soviet capital Moscow by a U-2 reconnaissance plane on July 5, 1956. The S-25 was a static system, but efforts were also put into a smaller design that would be much more mobile. This emerged in 1957 as the famous 584: 1037: 673: 894: 1140: 664:

missiles (1,046 aircraft, or 5.6 missiles per one kill); 60% were shot down by anti-aircraft guns; and 9% were shot down by MiG fighters. The S-75 missile system significantly improved the effectiveness of North Vietnamese anti-aircraft artillery, which used data from S-75 radar stations However, the U.S states only 205 of those aircraft were lost to North Vietnamese surface-to-air missiles.

443: 321: 959:, are specifically designed to be highly mobile with very fast, or zero, setup times. Many of these designs were mounted on armoured vehicles, allowing them to keep pace with mobile operations in a conventional war. Once a major group unto itself, medium-range designs have seen less development since the 1990s, as the focus has changed to unconventional warfare. 432: 2067: 773: 681: 1083:(SARH) concept became much more common. In SARH, the reflections of the tracking radar's broadcasts are picked up by a receiver in the missile, which homes in on this signal. SARH has the advantage of leaving most of the equipment on the ground, while also eliminating the need for the ground station to communicate with the missile after launch. 182:

outlined the growing problems with flak defences that he predicted would soon be dealing with "aircraft speeds and flight altitudes will gradually reach 1,000 km/h (620 mph) and between 10,000–15,000 m (33,000–49,000 ft)." This was seen generally; in November 1943 the Director of

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All of these early systems were "heavyweight" designs with limited mobility and requiring considerable set-up time. However, they were also increasingly effective. By the early 1960s, the deployment of SAMs had rendered high-speed high-altitude flight in combat practically suicidal. The way to avoid

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to operate in a SAM saturated environment. Their first missions appeared to demonstrate the exact opposite, with the loss of three B-52s and several others damaged in a single mission. Dramatic changes followed, and by the end of the series, missions were carried out with additional chaff, ECM, Iron

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In general, these designs could be split into two groups. One set of designs would be boosted to altitude in front of the bombers and then flown towards them on a head-on approach at low speeds comparable to manned aircraft. These designs included the Feuerlilie, Schmetterling and Enzian. The second

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Consequently, SAMs evolved rapidly in the 1960s. As their targets were now being forced to fly lower due to the presence of the larger missiles, engagements would necessarily be at short ranges, and occur quickly. Shorter ranges meant the missiles could be much smaller, which aided them in terms of

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During the war, The Soviet Union supplied 7,658 SAMs to North Vietnam, and their defense forces conducted about 5,800 launches, usually in multiples of three. By the war's end, the U.S lost a total of 3,374 aircraft in combat operations. According to the North Vietnamese, 31% were shot down by S-75

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and aircraft making ground attacks. Against fixed wing aircraft, they can be very effective, forcing them to fly outside the missile's envelope and thereby greatly reducing their effectiveness in ground-attack roles. MANPAD systems are sometimes used with vehicle mounts to improve maneuverability,

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Bombers flying at higher altitudes require larger guns and shells to reach them. This greatly increases the cost of the system, and (generally) slows the rate of fire. Faster aircraft fly out of range more quickly, reducing the number of rounds fired against them. Against late-war designs like the

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guidance systems. These have the advantage of being "fire-and-forget", once launched they will home on the target on their own with no external signals needed. In comparison, SARH systems require the tracking radar to illuminate the target, which may require them to be exposed through the attack.

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to develop a ramjet-powered missile to destroy the launching aircraft at long range. The initial performance goal was to target an intercept at a horizontal range of 10 miles (16 km) and 30,000 feet (9,100 m) altitude, with a 300 to 600 pounds (140 to 270 kg) warhead for a 30 to 60

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for guidance, either by eye, or by comparing the returns of the missile and target on a single radar screen. Development of all these systems was carried out at the same time, and the war ended before any of them was ready for combat use. The infighting between various groups in the military also

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system was proposed whereby a rocket would follow a searchlight beam onto a target. A selenium cell was mounted on the tip of each of the rocket's four tail fins, with the cells facing backwards. When one selenium cell was no longer in the light beam, it would be steered in the opposite direction

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were successful, but further development was curtailed in the post-war era. These efforts picked up again with the opening of the Cold War, following the "Stage Plan" of improving UK air defences with new radars, fighters and missiles. Two competing designs were proposed for "Stage 1", based on

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of ever-increasing performance. The lethal radius of a flak shell is fairly small, and the chance of delivering a "hit" is essentially a fixed percentage per round. In order to attack a target, guns fire continually while the aircraft are in range in order to launch as many shells as possible,

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Missiles able to fly longer distances are generally heavier, and therefore less mobile. This leads to three "natural" classes of SAM systems; heavy long-range systems that are fixed or semi-mobile, medium-range vehicle-mounted systems that can fire on the move, and short-range

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was tested in production form in 1952, becoming the first operational SAM system when it was activated in March 1954. Concerns about Ajax's ability to deal with formations of aircraft led to greatly updated version of the same basic design entering service in 1958 as the

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back into the beam. The first historical mention of a concept and design of a surface-to-air missile in which a drawing was presented, was by inventor Gustav Rasmus in 1931, who proposed a design that would home in on the sound of an aircraft's engines.

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guidance, which has limited performance against high-speed aircraft, as the missile is unable to "lead" the target to a collision point. Examples were purchased by several nations for testing and training purposes, but no operational sales were made.

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illumination instead of radar. These have the advantage of being small and very fast acting, as well as highly accurate. A few older designs use purely optical tracking and command guidance, perhaps the best known example of this is the British

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Hand, and other changes that dramatically changed the score. By the conclusion of the Linebacker II campaign, the shootdown rate of the S-75 against the B-52s was 7.52% (15 B-52s were shot down, 5 B-52s were heavily damaged for 266 missiles)

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to prepare a study on a guided missile able to reach between 15,000 and 18,000 m (49,000 and 59,000 ft) altitude. Von Braun became convinced a better solution was a manned rocket interceptor, and said as much to the director of the

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Long-range systems generally use radar systems for target detection, and depending on the generation of system, may "hand off" to a separate tracking radar for attack. Short range systems are more likely to be entirely visual for detection.

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quickly proliferated into a wide variety of designs fielded by most navies. Many of these are adapted from earlier mobile designs, but the special needs of the naval role has resulted in the continued existence of many custom missiles.

686: 944:, which required fixed sites of considerable size. Much of this performance increase is due to improved rocket fuels and ever-smaller electronics in the guidance systems. Some very long-range systems remain, notably the Russian 541:(SA-2 "Guideline"), a portable system, with very high performance, that remained in operation into the 2000s. The Soviet Union remained at the forefront of SAM development throughout its history; and Russia has followed suit. 1956: 966:

Stunner missile is designed to intercept the newest generation of tactical ballistic missiles at low altitude. The multi-stage interceptor consists of a solid-fuel, rocket motor booster, followed by an asymmetrical

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in 1972, the Americans had gained critical information about the performance and operations of the S-75 (via Arab S-75 systems captured by Israel), and used these missions as a way to demonstrate the capability of

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The Vietnam War was the first modern war in which guided antiaircraft missiles seriously challenged highly advanced supersonic jet aircraft. It would also be the first and only time that the latest and most modern

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systems, which have effective ranges on the order of 150 km (93 mi) and offer relatively good mobility and short unlimbering times. These compare with older systems with similar or less range, like the

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The first serious consideration of a SAM development project was a series of conversations that took place in Germany during 1941. In February, Friederich Halder proposed a "flak rocket" concept, which led

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mobility. By the mid-1960s, almost all modern armed forces had short-range missiles mounted on trucks or light armour that could move with the armed forces they protected. Examples include the

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ran into considerable difficulty and it never entered operational use. The end of the war led to the British efforts being used strictly for research and development throughout their lifetime.

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had also considered collision-course weapons (like the German radio-controlled concepts) and launched Project Thumper in 1946. This was merged with another project, Wizard, and emerged as the

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started in 1947, and was a closely held secret until 1955. Early versions of the missile were available for purchase as early as 1952, but never entered operational service. The RSD 58 used

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MANPAD systems first developed in the 1960s and proved themselves in battle during the 1970s. MANPADS normally have ranges on the order of 3 km (1.9 mi) and are effective against

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Longer range missiles generally use radar for early detection and guidance. Early SAM systems generally used tracking radars and fed guidance information to the missile using

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As aircraft moved ever lower, and missile performance continued to improve, eventually it became possible to build an effective man-portable anti-aircraft missile. Known as

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with advanced steering for super-maneuverability during the kill-stage. A three-pulse motor provides additional acceleration and maneuverability during the terminal phase.

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Stunner missile is designed for super-maneuverability. A three-pulse motor activates only during the kill-stage, providing additional acceleration and maneuverability.

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group were high-speed missiles, typically supersonic, that flew directly towards their targets from below. These included Wasserfall and Rheintochter. Both types used

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concluded that guns would be useless against jets, stating "No projectile of which control is lost when it leaves the ship can be of any use to us in this matter."

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A JASDF soldier uses the optical sight on the Type 91 Kai MANPADS to acquire a mock airborne target. The prominent vertical metal devices on the left are the

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missile changed the situation dramatically. Feint and counterfeint followed as each side introduced new tactics to try to gain the upper hand. By the time of

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flak arm were not interested in manned aircraft, and the resulting disagreements between the teams delayed serious consideration of a SAM for two years.

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Von Axthelm published his concerns in 1942, and the subject saw serious consideration for the first time; initial development programs for liquid- and

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Vietnam Air Losses, United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961–1973. Midland Publishing 2001.

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In the immediate post-war era, SAM developments were under way around the world, with several of these entering service in the early- and mid-1950s.

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can be armed with SAMs, and naval SAMs are a necessity for all front-line surface warships. Some warship types specialize in anti-air warfare e.g.

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The introduction of effective SAMs led to the cancellation of the B-70 bomber, and the prohibition of manned recce flights over the Soviet Union.

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missile system. Modern Warships may carry all three types (from long-range to short-range) of SAMs as a part of their multi-layered air defence.

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of the United States confronted each other in combat (if one does not count the Yom Kippur War wherein IAF was challenged by Syrian SA-3s).

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was fired optically, but normally operated with a short range early warning radar that displayed targets to the operator. This radar, the

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was especially supportive of missile development. In his opinion, had they been consistently developed from the start, the large scale

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This is a quote-of-a-quote and the original source is not available. Axthelm almost certainly stated these numbers in metric terms.

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Typical of the "boost-glide" type weapons, the Fairey Stooge was an armed drone aircraft flown to a collision with the target.

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this was to fly lower, below the line-of-sight of missile's radar systems. This demanded very different aircraft, like the

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responded to this threat with increasingly effective means. Early efforts to directly attack the missiles sites as part of

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in the late 1960s and 1970s led to additional mid- and short-range designs for defence against these targets. The UK's

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are also considered to be SAMs, although in practice it is expected that they would be more widely used against

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system. These systems have encroached on the performance niche formerly filled by dedicated mid-range systems.

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A moment after an S-75 Dvina (SA-2) hits an F-105 over North Vietnam, the fighter-bomber starts to spew flame.

1893:"Русская "Двина", сбив сотни "Фантомов", довела американцев до психоза - Статьи - История - Свободная Пресса" 259:. None of these projects saw any real development until 1943, when the first large-scale raids by the Allied 3729: 2490: 2444: 1222: 1057: 842: 651: 490: 163: 1809: 628: 78:; in modern armed forces, missiles have replaced most other forms of dedicated anti-aircraft weapons, with 4024: 3355: 2705: 2355: 2272: 2248: 2242: 2197: 2163: 2107: 113: 2254: 1914: 1786: 1763: 1618: 1596: 1565: 1304: 1193: 109: 3057: 2900: 3379: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3321: 3281: 3225: 3195: 3190: 3150: 3140: 3115: 1016: 937: 932: 742: 596: 478: 75: 35: 3974: 3839: 1221:(SEAD), the mission of finding and destroying SAM and AA gun installations. The SEAD mission in the 489:

had a range of over 500 km, but it was quite expensive and somewhat unreliable. Development of

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percent kill probability. This weapon did not emerge for 16 years, when it entered operation as the

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The Osa was the first system to include search, track and missiles all on a single mobile platform.

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Steven Zaloga, "Red SAM: The SA-2 Guideline Anti-Aircraft Missile", Osprey Publishing, 2007, p. 22

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Zaloga, Steven J. Red SAM: The SA-2 Guideline Anti-Aircraft Missile. Osprey Publishing, 2007.

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SAM systems generally fall into two broad groups based on their guidance systems, those using

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By the 1960s, technology had closed this gap to a degree, leading to the introduction of the

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Vol. 11, pp. 1175–1176, general editor Bernard Fitzsimons, Purnell & Sons Ltd. 1967/68.

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Fulghum, David A. (23 September 2010), "Missile-Killing Interceptors Eyed By Israel, US",

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became part of the Flak Development Program of 1942. By this point serious studies by the

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increasing the chance that one of these will end up within the lethal range. Against the

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usually held by the Allies meant that the demand for similar weapons was not as acute.

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team had been prepared, and several rocket designs had been proposed, including 1940's

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provided additional incentive for guided missile development. This led to the British

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ArtOfWar. Шеломытов Геннадий Яковлевич. Все считали, что такого не могло быть никогда

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Some newer short-range systems use a variation of the SARH technique, but based on

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gun on its mount, and became the first operational point-defense SAM. The American

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surface-to-air missiles, one of the most widely deployed SAM systems in the world

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started. As the urgency of the problem grew, new designs were added, including

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The British developed unguided antiaircraft rockets (operated under the name

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The first known idea for a guided surface-to-air missile was in 1925, when a

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efforts in terms of role and timeline, and entered service in 1961 as the

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was the most-produced SAM system. Widely used modern examples include the

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to divert their course and line up exactly with the target's flight path.

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system, which was initially an all-optical system with high accuracy.

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Developments have also been made in onboard maneuverability. Israel's

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began development of a SAM system in earnest with the opening of the

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Through the evolution of SAMs, improvements were also being made to

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All SAM systems from the smallest to the largest generally include

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was an early example that was designed specifically to replace the

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Coming to the same conclusions as the Germans regarding flak, the

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The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare

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common radar and control units, and these emerged as the RAF's

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naval missiles, and short-range man-portable systems like the

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designed to be launched from the ground or the sea to destroy

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List of US aircraft losses to missiles during the Vietnam War

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was the first operational SAM system, and the Soviet Union's

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delayed development. Some extreme fighter designs, like the

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F-105 Wild Weasel vs SA-2 "guideline" SAM, Vietnam 1965–73.

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and set up behind the lines. Information was passed to the

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Albert Speer, "Inside the Third Reich", Macmillan, p. 492.

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Intercept 1961 : the birth of Soviet missile defense

1456:"A Brief History of White Sands Proving Ground 1941–1965" 791:, the first example was a Royal Navy system known as the 27:

Ground-launched missile designed to attack aerial targets

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List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-air missiles

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system on a missile using SARH are also known, like the

900:, the export version of the Chinese HQ-22 system of the 85:

The first attempt at SAM development took place during

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missiles rather than aircraft. Virtually all surface

1764:"Bloodhound: The SAGW System of the Royal Air Force." 635:

were generally unsuccessful, but the introduction of

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Smaller missiles, especially MANPADS, generally use

302:, also overlapped with SAMs in their intended uses. 3868: 3621: 3414: 3397: 3354: 3239: 3086: 3069: 2946: 2704: 2609: 2500: 2300: 2235: 2138: 1915:"SEACAT – The Guided Missile To Defend Small Ships" 948:, which has a range of 400 km (250 mi). 2016:Clashes, Air Combat Over North Vietnam 1965–1972. 1425:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 861:Surface-to-air missiles are classified by their 332:were similar in concept, design and performance. 1408:. Archived from the original on 10 January 2004 351:When several Allied ships were sunk in 1943 by 2031:Flak: German Anti-Aircraft Defenses, 1914–1945 1810:"Seaslug: The Most Missile in the Least Space" 561:in 1959. A third design followed the American 2576: 2115: 1936: 1934: 1461:. New Mexico State University. Archived from 889:are an important part of modern naval forces. 8: 281:which was designed to be launched in waves. 1528: 1526: 1056:relative to the vehicle's motion, they use 779:laser-guided surface-to-air missile of the 693:Video of launch of Poliment-Redut naval SAM 521:would be subjected to American and British 3411: 3083: 2583: 2569: 2561: 2122: 2108: 2100: 1800:, 25 September 1959, pp. 295–299, 302–303. 1691:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1091:Systems combining an infrared seeker as a 599:. The crew ejected and were taken captive. 595:An S-75 detonates directly below an RF-4C 1561: 1559: 1392: 1380: 1368: 1353: 2095:RIM-2 Terrier SAM intercepts a F6f drone 2384:Semi-automatic command to line of sight 1957:"Israel upgrades its antimissile plans" 1450: 1448: 1446: 1284:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 254. 1272: 1244: 203:missile lifts off during a test flight. 1684: 1418: 1075:concepts, referred to in the field as 927:Modern long-range weapons include the 1575:, Flight International, 2 August 1962 1151:at a location indicated by a spotter. 438:was the first operational SAM system. 74:or other missiles. It is one type of 7: 2208:Submarine-launched ballistic missile 2186:Intermediate-range ballistic missile 1962:Aviation Week & Space Technology 1327:Corporation, Bonnier (1 July 1931). 1159:Hybrid systems are also common. The 1052:coverage. By measuring the seeker's 544:The early British developments with 1587:, National Air Defense Radar Museum 877:Mobility, maneuverability and range 477:, the first nuclear-armed SAM. The 2390:Automatic command to line of sight 2180:Intercontinental ballistic missile 1167:, was taken into the field with a 1068:and those using some other means. 25: 2214:Submarine-launched cruise missile 2089:Federation of American Scientists 1645:, Salamander Books, 1979, p. 156. 1335:from the original on 29 June 2016 1305:"Evolution of the Guided Missile" 1219:Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses 987:Ship-based anti-aircraft missiles 902:Serbian Air Force and Air Defence 2065: 1585:"The Boeing IM-99/CIM-10 BOMARC" 1199:Man-portable air-defense systems 1099:, but these are generally rare. 910:man-portable air-defense systems 851:RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile 225:, in July. The directors of the 174:or jet-powered designs like the 2538:List of surface-to-air missiles 2378:Manual command to line of sight 2291:Man-portable air-defense system 1823:, 21 November 1958, pp. 790–794 1777:, 23 October 1959, pp. 431–438. 1493:from the original on 2013-06-22 1189:List of surface-to-air missiles 951:Medium-range designs, like the 82:pushed into specialized roles. 2146:Air-launched ballistic missile 2033:. University Press of Kansas. 1895:(in Russian). 14 October 2018. 1512:"History of the Talos Missile" 1: 2192:Short-range ballistic missile 2078:Rest-of-World Missile Systems 2018:1997, Naval Institute Press. 1706:Gruntman, Mike (April 2016). 1209:List of anti-aircraft weapons 1147:antiaircraft gunner aims his 464:developments in 1944. Led by 393:Liberation of the Philippines 2465:Automatic target recognition 1671:(1st ed.). Reston, VA. 559:English Electric Thunderbird 312:would have been impossible. 60:surface-to-air guided weapon 2518:List of missiles by country 2261:Anti-ship ballistic missile 2152:Air-launched cruise missile 1955:Eshel, David (2010-02-12). 1928:, 5 September 1963, p. 438. 1754:, Encyclopedia Astronautica 1118:identified as friend or foe 1004:cruisers equipped with the 369:To combat this threat, the 4041: 2528:List of anti-tank missiles 2523:List of anti-ship missiles 2226:Surface-to-surface missile 2029:Westerman, Edward (2001). 1724:10.1109/JPROC.2016.2537023 1632:, 7 December 1956, p. 910. 1029: 765: 576: 275:, as well as the unguided 153:was of little use against 3672:SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal 2546: 2427:Global Positioning System 2372:Command off line of sight 1343:– via Google Books. 1079:. Through the 1960s, the 1054:line-of-sight propagation 885:Long-range SAMs like the 385:Heavy shipping losses to 172:Boeing B-29 Superfortress 2508:List of military rockets 2366:Command to line-of-sight 2332:Semi-active radar homing 1282:A Dictionary of Aviation 1280:Wragg, David W. (1973). 1081:semi-active radar homing 612:and the most modern jet 557:in 1958, and the Army's 340:) close to the start of 183:Gunnery Division of the 4015:Surface-to-air missiles 2491:Predicted line of sight 2445:Astro-inertial guidance 2072:Surface-to-air missiles 2014:Michel III, Marshal L. 1852:"The Christmas Bombing" 1712:Proceedings of the IEEE 1667:Gruntman, Mike (2015). 1609:, 7 January 1955, p. 7. 1487:"Talos Missile History" 1331:. Bonnier Corporation. 1223:United States Air Force 1058:proportional navigation 843:anti-aircraft artillery 652:Operation Linebacker II 38:missiles being launched 2273:Anti-submarine missile 2249:Anti-radiation missile 2243:Anti-ballistic missile 2220:Surface-to-air missile 2198:Shoulder-fired missile 2164:Air-to-surface missile 1643:Rockets & Missiles 1597:"Swiss Guided Missile" 1317:, May 4, 1951, p. 535. 1152: 1136: 1061: 924: 904: 890: 784: 694: 677: 600: 588: 450: 439: 333: 204: 44:surface-to-air missile 39: 18:Surface-to-Air Missile 4020:Anti-aircraft weapons 3512:SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat 3206:SA-23 Gladiator/Giant 3151:SA-12 Gladiator/Giant 2449:Terrestrial guidance 2255:Anti-satellite weapon 1194:Anti-aircraft warfare 1142: 1131: 1039: 918: 896: 884: 775: 743:sea-skimming missiles 692: 675: 629:Operation Spring High 594: 586: 525:, like those against 445: 434: 323: 198: 52:ground-to-air missile 33: 3932:SSC-8 Stone KB 9M729 3929:SSC-7 Stone KS 9M728 2074:at Wikimedia Commons 1926:Flight International 1821:Flight International 1798:Flight International 1775:Flight International 938:MIM-14 Nike Hercules 741:The introduction of 608:technologies of the 597:reconnaissance plane 479:U.S. Army Air Forces 427:Post-war deployments 310:bomber raids of 1944 76:anti-aircraft system 3892:SSC-2 Salish/Samlet 3796:SS-N-25 Switchblade 3602:SS-X-32Zh Scalpel B 2326:Active radar homing 2285:Land-attack missile 1943:Aviation Week's DTI 1006:Aegis combat system 857:General information 633:Operation Iron Hand 535:NATO reporting name 391:attacks during the 375:Operation Bumblebee 180:Walther von Axthelm 108:wide-area systems, 50:), also known as a 2422:Satellite guidance 2158:Air-to-air missile 2083:2016-05-28 at the 1920:2013-11-01 at the 1857:2013-06-21 at the 1815:2013-11-01 at the 1792:2013-10-03 at the 1769:2013-11-01 at the 1750:2012-10-05 at the 1624:2013-05-15 at the 1602:2013-05-15 at the 1571:2013-09-28 at the 1517:2013-06-22 at the 1489:. Hays, Philip R. 1406:"Scheufeln Taifun" 1310:2013-05-15 at the 1153: 1137: 1124:Target acquisition 1062: 1015:cruisers with the 976:attack helicopters 925: 905: 891: 785: 695: 678: 639:aircraft carrying 601: 589: 555:Bristol Bloodhound 451: 440: 334: 234:solid-fuel rockets 205: 114:MBDA Aster Missile 80:anti-aircraft guns 40: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3791:SS-NX-24 Scorpion 3755:SS-N-19 Shipwreck 3705:SS-N-7 Starbright 3393: 3392: 3043:'Avtonomya' IR FF 2558: 2557: 2440:Inertial guidance 2407:Infrared guidance 2350:Track-via-missile 2279:Anti-tank missile 2267:Anti-ship missile 2170:Ballistic missile 2070:Media related to 2024:978-1-59114-519-6 1995:978-1-84908-471-0 1880:978-1-84603-062-8 1850:Marshall Michel, 1832:Michel III p. 1-4 1619:"Guided Missiles" 1532:Taylor 1975, p.45 1329:"Popular Science" 1093:terminal guidance 755:RIM-7 Sea Sparrow 690: 657:strategic bombers 517:was worried that 411:efforts, and the 397:Battle of Okinawa 364:antiaircraft guns 214:Wernher von Braun 210:Walter Dornberger 16:(Redirected from 4032: 3980:SSC-X-9 Stone AN 3938:Klub N/M 3M14/54 3920:SSC-X-5 Scorpion 3801:SS-N-26 Strobile 3760:SS-N-20 Sturgeon 3750:SS-N-18 Stingray 3740:SS-N-16 Stallion 3735:SS-N-15 Starfish 3682:SS-N-5 Sark/Serb 3667:SS-N-3c Shaddock 3613:SS-X-33 Stone AN 3597:SS-X-31 Sickle D 3552:SS-22 Scaleboard 3497:SS-12 Scaleboard 3412: 3322:SA-N-20 Gargoyle 3256:SA-N-2 Guideline 3084: 3047:Hermes A/M/K ATS 2920:AS-X-36 Stone AH 2884:AS-28 Strobile A 2592:NATO designation 2585: 2578: 2571: 2562: 2513:List of missiles 2396:Pursuit guidance 2361:Command guidance 2203:Standoff missile 2124: 2117: 2110: 2101: 2069: 2044: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1969: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1938: 1929: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1897: 1896: 1889: 1883: 1872: 1866: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1807: 1801: 1784: 1778: 1761: 1755: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1690: 1682: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1639: 1633: 1616: 1610: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1563: 1554: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1521: 1508: 1502: 1501: 1499: 1498: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1473: 1467: 1460: 1452: 1441: 1438: 1432: 1430: 1424: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1366: 1357: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1324: 1318: 1302: 1296: 1295: 1277: 1261: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1204:Missile guidance 1161:MIM-72 Chaparral 1077:command guidance 1032:Missile guidance 1026:Guidance systems 793:Holman Projector 691: 21: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4029: 4005: 4004: 4003: 3994: 3915:SSC-4 Slingshot 3871: 3864: 3860:SS-NX-38 Canyon 3806:SS-N-27 Sizzler 3770:SS-N-22 Sunburn 3765:SS-N-21 Sampson 3720:SS-N-12 Sandbox 3657:SS-N-1 Scrubber 3624: 3617: 3592:SS-X-30 Satan 2 3416: 3403: 3400: 3389: 3357: 3350: 3312:SA-N-12 Grizzly 3297:SA-N-9 Gauntlet 3242: 3235: 3201:SA-22 Greyhound 3088: 3075: 3072: 3065: 3024:AT-13 Saxhorn-2 2952: 2949: 2942: 2878:AS-27 Sunburn A 2763:AS-8 Kokon AT-6 2710: 2707: 2700: 2613: 2605: 2589: 2559: 2554: 2552:Sounding rocket 2542: 2496: 2481:Contrast seeker 2321:Radar altimeter 2296: 2231: 2134: 2128: 2085:Wayback Machine 2062: 2057: 2041: 2028: 2000:Hobson, Chris. 1985:Davies, Peter. 1976: 1967: 1965: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1940: 1939: 1932: 1922:Wayback Machine 1913: 1909: 1905:Davies p. 72-74 1904: 1900: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1873: 1869: 1859:Wayback Machine 1849: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1817:Wayback Machine 1808: 1804: 1794:Wayback Machine 1785: 1781: 1771:Wayback Machine 1762: 1758: 1752:Wayback Machine 1743: 1739: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1683: 1679: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1640: 1636: 1626:Wayback Machine 1617: 1613: 1604:Wayback Machine 1595: 1591: 1583: 1579: 1573:Wayback Machine 1564: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1519:Wayback Machine 1509: 1505: 1496: 1494: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1403: 1399: 1391: 1387: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1360: 1352: 1348: 1338: 1336: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1312:Wayback Machine 1303: 1299: 1292: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1236: 1225:is designated " 1185: 1126: 1088:infrared homing 1044:missiles use a 1034: 1028: 929:MIM-104 Patriot 879: 859: 847:cruise missiles 770: 764: 708:Panavia Tornado 680: 670: 668:Smaller, faster 581: 575: 429: 353:Henschel Hs 293 346:air superiority 318: 254:Henschel Hs 117 193: 143: 130: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4038: 4036: 4028: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4007: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3947: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3925:SSC-6 Sennight 3922: 3917: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3876: 3874: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3629: 3627: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3587:SS-29 Sickle C 3584: 3579: 3577:SS-27 Sickle B 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3537:SS-19 Stiletto 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3502:SS-X-13 Savage 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3420: 3418: 3409: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3368: 3362: 3360: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3332: 3324: 3319: 3317:SA-N-14 Grouse 3314: 3309: 3307:SA-N-11 Grison 3304: 3302:SA-N-10 Grouse 3299: 3294: 3292:SA-N-8 Gremlin 3289: 3284: 3282:SA-N-6 Grumble 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3258: 3253: 3247: 3245: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3191:SA-20 Gargoyle 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3166:SA-15 Gauntlet 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3101:SA-2 Guideline 3098: 3092: 3090: 3081: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3055: 3049: 3044: 3041: 3039:AT-16 Scallion 3036: 3034:АТ-15 Springer 3031: 3029:АТ-14 Spriggan 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2960: 2958: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2915:Kh-74M2 "GZUR" 2912: 2909: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2859: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2803:AS-16 Kickback 2800: 2795: 2790: 2788:AS-13 Kingbolt 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2724:14Kh 18Kh RV-1 2718: 2716: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2689:K-74M2 (R-73M) 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2607: 2606: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2580: 2573: 2565: 2556: 2555: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2471:Radio guidance 2468: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2419: 2414: 2412:Laser guidance 2409: 2404: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2358: 2356:Anti-radiation 2353: 2347: 2345:Passive homing 2342: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2316:Radar guidance 2313: 2307: 2305: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2239: 2237: 2236:By target type 2233: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2175:Cruise missile 2172: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2126: 2119: 2112: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2075: 2061: 2060:External links 2058: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2039: 2026: 2012: 1998: 1982: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1974: 1947: 1930: 1907: 1898: 1884: 1867: 1865:, January 2001 1843: 1834: 1825: 1802: 1779: 1756: 1737: 1718:(4): 883–890. 1698: 1677: 1659: 1647: 1641:Bill Gunston, 1634: 1611: 1589: 1577: 1555: 1546: 1534: 1522: 1510:Phillip Hays, 1503: 1478: 1442: 1433: 1397: 1395:, p. 112. 1393:Westerman 2001 1385: 1381:Westerman 2001 1373: 1371:, p. 111. 1369:Westerman 2001 1358: 1356:, p. 197. 1354:Westerman 2001 1346: 1319: 1297: 1290: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1253: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1230: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1184: 1181: 1125: 1122: 1030:Main article: 1027: 1024: 878: 875: 858: 855: 816:FIM-92 Stinger 766:Main article: 763: 760: 669: 666: 614:fighter planes 574: 573:War in Vietnam 571: 447:SA-2 Guideline 428: 425: 317: 316:Allied efforts 314: 192: 191:German efforts 189: 142: 139: 129: 126: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4037: 4026: 4025:Missile types 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4010: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3905:Schuka KSShch 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3786:SS-N-23B Skif 3784: 3782: 3781:SS-N-23A Skif 3779: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3745:SS-N-17 Snipe 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3730:SS-N-14 Silex 3728: 3726: 3725:SS-NX-13 Serb 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3710:SS-N-8 Sawfly 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3582:SS-28 Saber 2 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3562:SS-24 Scalpel 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3527:SS-17 Spanker 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3517:SS-15 Scrooge 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3477:SS-8B Sasin 2 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3402: 3396: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3287:SA-N-7 Gadfly 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3267:SA-N-3 Goblet 3265: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3196:SA-21 Growler 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3176:SA-17 Grizzly 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3161:SA-14 Gremlin 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3141:SA-10 Grumble 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3068: 3062:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E 3061: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3019:AT-12 Swinger 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3009:AT-10 Stabber 3007: 3005: 3004:AT-9 Spiral-2 3002: 3000: 2999:AT-8 Songster 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2984:AT-5 Spandrel 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2926:AS-37 BrahMos 2924: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911:Iz 85 Kh-MD-E 2910: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2890:AS-29 Sizzler 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2818:AS-X-19 Koala 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2808:AS-17 Krypton 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2753:AS-6 Kingfish 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2738:AS-3 Kangaroo 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2692:K-77M (R-77M) 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2574: 2572: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2553: 2550: 2545: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2533:List of ICBMs 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2417:Wire guidance 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2338:Passive radar 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2299: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 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1538: 1535: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1507: 1504: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1479: 1468:on 2014-10-28 1464: 1457: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1407: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1386: 1383:, p. 78. 1382: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1334: 1330: 1323: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1291:9780850451634 1287: 1283: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1257: 1254: 1248: 1245: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1134:IFF antennas. 1130: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1111: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1097:MIM-46 Mauler 1094: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1073:radio control 1069: 1067: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1014: 1012: 1007: 1003: 1001: 996: 992: 988: 984: 982: 977: 972: 970: 965: 964:David's Sling 960: 958: 954: 949: 947: 943: 939: 934: 930: 922: 921:David's Sling 917: 913: 911: 903: 899: 895: 888: 883: 876: 874: 872: 868: 864: 856: 854: 852: 848: 844: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 820:9K34 Strela-3 817: 813: 809: 805: 804:FIM-43 Redeye 800: 798: 794: 790: 782: 778: 774: 769: 761: 759: 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 711: 709: 705: 701: 674: 667: 665: 661: 658: 653: 649: 645: 643: 638: 634: 630: 626: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 598: 593: 585: 580: 572: 570: 568: 564: 560: 556: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 515:Joseph Stalin 512: 508: 503: 500: 496: 492: 488: 485:in 1959. The 484: 483:CIM-10 Bomarc 480: 476: 475:Nike Hercules 471: 467: 463: 459: 454: 448: 444: 437: 433: 426: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 409: 404: 403: 402:Fairey Stooge 398: 394: 390: 389: 383: 381: 376: 372: 367: 365: 361: 358: 354: 349: 347: 343: 339: 331: 330:Schmetterling 327: 322: 315: 313: 311: 307: 303: 301: 300: 295: 294: 288: 287:radio control 282: 280: 279: 274: 273: 268: 267: 262: 258: 257:Schmetterling 255: 251: 250: 246:, and 1941's 245: 244: 239: 235: 230: 228: 224: 220: 215: 211: 202: 197: 190: 188: 186: 181: 177: 173: 167: 165: 164:eighty-eights 161: 156: 152: 148: 140: 138: 135: 127: 125: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 92:The American 90: 88: 83: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 37: 32: 19: 3990:Hermes K ATS 3985:Hermes M ATS 3954:SSC-5 Stooge 3886:SSC-1B Sepal 3775:SS-N-23 Skif 3715:SS-N-9 Siren 3567:SS-25 Sickle 3557:SS-23 Spider 3547:SS-21 Scarab 3522:SS-16 Sinner 3507:SS-13 Savage 3467:SS-7 Saddler 3462:SS-6 Sapwood 3447:SS-3 Shyster 3442:SS-2 Sibling 3424:SS-1 Scunner 3375:53T6 Gazelle 3366:ABM-1 Galosh 3346:Palash/Palma 3277:SA-N-5 Grail 3272:SA-N-4 Gecko 3211:SA-24 Grinch 3186:SA-19 Grison 3181:SA-18 Grouse 3171:SA-16 Gimlet 3156:SA-13 Gopher 3146:SA-11 Gadfly 3121:SA-6 Gainful 3070: 3014:AT-11 Sniper 2994:AT-7 Saxhorn 2969:AT-2 Swatter 2964:AT-1 Snapper 2896:Hermes A ATS 2868:AS-26 Kodiak 2835:Kh-59MK2S/69 2783:AS-12 Kegler 2778:AS-11 Kilter 2743:AS-4 Kitchen 2675:AA-11 Archer 2600:Soviet Union 2548: 2219: 2030: 2015: 2001: 1986: 1979:Bibliography 1966:. Retrieved 1960: 1950: 1942: 1925: 1910: 1901: 1887: 1870: 1862: 1846: 1837: 1828: 1820: 1805: 1797: 1782: 1774: 1759: 1740: 1715: 1711: 1701: 1668: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1642: 1637: 1629: 1614: 1606: 1592: 1580: 1549: 1541: 1537: 1506: 1495:. Retrieved 1481: 1470:. Retrieved 1463:the original 1436: 1431:, RAF Museum 1410:. Retrieved 1400: 1388: 1376: 1349: 1337:. Retrieved 1322: 1314: 1300: 1281: 1275: 1256: 1247: 1172: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1115: 1108: 1101: 1085: 1070: 1063: 1019: 1010: 999: 991:sea skimming 986: 985: 973: 969:kill vehicle 961: 950: 926: 906: 865:, mobility, 860: 840: 801: 797:Fliegerfaust 786: 781:British Army 751:Bofors 40 mm 740: 712: 696: 662: 648:Standard ARM 641: 622: 610:Soviet Union 602: 562: 549: 545: 543: 507:Soviet Union 504: 486: 462:Project Nike 460:started its 455: 452: 420: 417:SAM-N-2 Lark 406: 400: 386: 384: 368: 350: 342:World War II 335: 329: 325: 306:Albert Speer 304: 298: 292: 283: 277: 272:Rheintochter 270: 264: 256: 248: 241: 231: 226: 206: 200: 176:Arado Ar 234 168: 147:World War II 144: 141:World War II 131: 91: 87:World War II 84: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 41: 3956:Bastion P/S 3700:SS-N-6 Serb 3677:SS-N-4 Sark 3662:SS-N-2 Styx 3609:/ HGV Yu-7# 3572:SS-26 Stone 3542:SS-20 Saber 3532:SS-18 Satan 3487:SS-10 Scrag 3452:SS-4 Sandal 3216:SA-29 Gizmo 3136:SA-9 Gaskin 3116:SA-5 Gammon 2989:AT-6 Spiral 2979:AT-4 Spigot 2974:AT-3 Sagger 2934:(Kh-72) ASM 2823:AS-20 Kayak 2813:AS-18 Kazoo 2793:AS-14 Kedge 2773:AS-10 Karen 2733:AS-2 Kipper 2728:AS-1 Kennel 2685:AA-13 Arrow 2680:AA-12 Adder 2670:AA-10 Alamo 2625:AA-1 Alkali 2598:and former 2476:TV guidance 2401:Beam riding 2139:By platform 1566:"Nike Zeus" 1553:Parsch 2003 1544:1947, p.345 1339:25 November 1227:Wild Weasel 1145:U.S. Marine 1050:hemispheric 1048:seeker for 1000:Ticonderoga 912:(MANPADS). 724:MIM-23 Hawk 718:(SA-6) and 637:Wild Weasel 606:air defense 531:S-25 Berkut 499:beam riding 380:RIM-8 Talos 360:glide bombs 223:Roluf Lucht 160:Boeing B-17 134:beam riding 4009:Categories 3909:SSC-3 Styx 3898:P-20 Sokol 3644:P-20 Sokol 3639:KS-1 Komet 3492:SS-11 Sego 3482:SS-9 Scarp 3472:SS-8 Sasin 3457:SS-5 Skean 3401:to-surface 3251:SA-N-1 Goa 3231:Sosna-R/RA 3131:SA-8 Gecko 3126:SA-7 Grail 3111:SA-4 Ganef 3096:SA-1 Guild 2938:BrahMos-II 2798:AS-15 Kent 2758:AS-7 Kerry 2708:to-surface 2660:AA-8 Aphid 2650:AA-6 Acrid 2630:AA-2 Atoll 2611:Air-to-air 2040:0700614206 1968:2010-02-13 1497:2010-08-19 1472:2010-08-19 1412:2006-07-16 1234:References 942:S-75 Dvina 828:Starstreak 808:SA-7 Grail 777:Starstreak 577:See also: 539:S-75 Dvina 344:, but the 261:air forces 249:Wasserfall 243:Feuerlilie 238:Peenemünde 201:Wasserfall 185:Royal Navy 98:S-75 Dvina 34:A pair of 3903:SSC-K P-1 3695:D-7 R-15M 3635:15Kh 17Kh 3428:SS-1 Scud 3406:full list 3358:ballistic 3330:Greyhound 3078:full list 2955:full list 2948:Anti-tank 2768:AS-9 Kyle 2748:AS-5 Kelt 2713:full list 2665:AA-9 Amos 2655:AA-7 Apex 2635:AA-3 Anab 2616:full list 2549:See also: 2293:(MANPADS) 2130:Types of 2087:from the 1732:1558-2256 1687:cite book 1268:Citations 1177:data link 1173:Chaparral 1169:Gama Goat 1040:Israel's 979:like the 836:QW series 822:(SA-14), 563:Bumblebee 550:Brakemine 523:air raids 470:Nike Ajax 466:Bell Labs 458:U.S. Army 436:Nike Ajax 413:U.S. Navy 408:Brakemine 373:launched 371:U.S. Navy 338:Z Battery 227:Luftwaffe 94:Nike Ajax 3972:SSC-X-15 3966:SSC-X-11 3960:SSC-7/12 3855:SS-NX-37 3837:SS-NX-34 3832:SS-NX-33 3817:SS-NX-28 3811:SS-N-30A 3607:Avangard 3399:Surface- 3261:SA-NX-2C 3106:SA-3 Goa 3071:Surface- 3054:Izd. 305 2908:Izd. 305 2847:Kh-38/36 2645:AA-5 Ash 2640:AA-4 Awl 2603:missiles 2386:(SACLOS) 2311:Unguided 2303:guidance 2081:Archived 1918:Archived 1855:Archived 1813:Archived 1790:Archived 1767:Archived 1748:Archived 1622:Archived 1600:Archived 1569:Archived 1515:Archived 1491:Archived 1421:cite web 1333:Archived 1308:Archived 1183:See also 1046:gimbaled 995:warships 957:2K12 Kub 867:altitude 863:guidance 834:and the 812:Blowpipe 722:(SA-8), 720:9K33 Osa 716:2K12 Kub 646:and the 644:missiles 567:Sea Slug 533:system ( 511:Cold War 491:Oerlikon 395:and the 388:kamikaze 122:Strela-3 72:aircraft 66:), is a 3962:3M-80MV 3945:BrahMos 3894:AS/KS-1 3872:to-ship 3850:SS-N-36 3845:SS-N-35 3827:SS-N-32 3822:SS-N-29 3438:/-C/-D) 3415:Ground- 3327:SA-N-21 3087:Ground- 2922:(Kh-76) 2828:AS-X-21 2596:Russian 2486:Compass 2433:GLONASS 2403:(LOSBR) 2392:(ACLOS) 2380:(MCLOS) 2374:(COLOS) 2132:missile 2091:website 1882:. p. 22 1149:Stinger 1042:Arrow 3 981:Avenger 887:RIM-161 789:MANPADS 768:MANPADS 762:MANPADS 747:Sea Cat 736:Crotale 618:bombers 357:Fritz X 212:to ask 155:bombers 145:During 128:History 118:Stinger 102:Patriot 68:missile 3968:"GZUR" 3950:SSC-10 3942:SSC-13 3936:SSC-14 3911:Rubezh 3633:14KhK1 3623:Naval- 3432:Scud-A 3241:Naval- 3221:Morfey 3073:to-air 2950:guided 2932:Zirkon 2892:Club A 2696:KS-172 2493:(PLOS) 2453:TERCOM 2368:(CLOS) 2334:(SARH) 2281:(ATGM) 2275:(ASuM) 2269:(AShM) 2263:(ASBM) 2257:(ASAT) 2216:(SLCM) 2210:(SLBM) 2194:(SRBM) 2188:(IRBM) 2182:(ICBM) 2154:(ALCM) 2148:(ALBM) 2037: 2022: 2006: 1993: 1878: 1745:"S-75" 1730: 1675: 1630:FLIGHT 1607:Flight 1542:Flight 1315:FLIGHT 1288: 1175:via a 1110:Rapier 1017:S-300F 1013:-class 1002:-class 953:Rapier 824:Igla-1 732:Roland 728:Rapier 706:, and 642:Shrike 546:Stooge 527:Berlin 519:Moscow 495:RSD 58 487:Bomarc 468:, the 419:. The 326:Enzian 299:Natter 278:Taifun 266:Enzian 3888:Redut 3870:Ship- 3813:3M-14 3777:R29RM 3625:based 3417:based 3385:A-235 3380:S-500 3371:ABM-3 3356:Anti- 3341:Redut 3243:based 3226:S-350 3089:based 3058:Kh-50 2901:Kh-50 2886:Kh-61 2880:Kh-41 2873:Kh-90 2864:Kh-50 2862:AS-25 2857:Kh-45 2853:Kh-36 2851:AS-24 2845:AS-23 2841:Kh-32 2839:AS-4M 2833:AS-22 2501:Lists 2467:(ATR) 2458:DSMAC 2429:(GPS) 2352:(TVM) 2328:(ARH) 2287:(LAM) 2251:(ARM) 2245:(ABM) 2228:(SSM) 2222:(SAM) 2166:(ASM) 2160:(AAM) 1466:(PDF) 1459:(PDF) 1239:Notes 1104:laser 1066:radar 1011:Kirov 946:S-400 933:S-300 871:range 704:TSR-2 700:F-111 293:Komet 219:T-Amt 106:S-300 58:) or 36:S-300 3975:Skif 3880:10Kh 3840:Skif 3690:D-6M 3652:P-47 3649:P-40 3052:LMUR 2906:LMUR 2722:10Kh 2706:Air- 2594:for 2035:ISBN 2020:ISBN 2004:ISBN 1991:ISBN 1876:ISBN 1728:ISSN 1693:link 1673:ISBN 1427:link 1341:2015 1286:ISBN 1165:FAAR 1020:Fort 955:and 931:and 919:The 898:FK-3 869:and 832:FN-6 826:and 810:and 734:and 631:and 625:USAF 623:The 616:and 548:and 505:The 421:Lark 405:and 355:and 328:and 296:and 269:and 252:and 151:flak 120:and 112:and 110:SM-6 104:and 64:SAGW 56:GTAM 3687:D-6 3263:M-3 2301:By 1720:doi 1716:104 1008:or 940:or 493:'s 415:'s 48:SAM 4011:: 3436:-B 3338:96 3335:9K 2928:AL 1959:. 1933:^ 1924:, 1861:, 1819:, 1796:, 1773:, 1726:. 1714:. 1710:. 1689:}} 1685:{{ 1628:, 1558:^ 1525:^ 1445:^ 1423:}} 1419:{{ 1361:^ 1229:". 1143:A 873:. 853:. 838:. 818:, 806:, 738:. 730:, 726:, 710:. 702:, 569:. 513:. 382:. 221:, 199:A 124:. 42:A 3952:/ 3882:N 3434:/ 3430:( 3426:/ 3408:) 3404:( 3373:/ 3080:) 3076:( 2957:) 2953:( 2715:) 2711:( 2618:) 2614:( 2584:e 2577:t 2570:v 2123:e 2116:t 2109:v 2043:. 2010:. 1997:. 1971:. 1734:. 1722:: 1695:) 1681:. 1500:. 1475:. 1429:) 1415:. 1294:. 783:. 62:( 54:( 46:( 20:)

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