111:
140:, as may the cross feed, however any mixture of hand, electrical or hydraulic may be used depending on the ultimate usage of the machine (i.e., production, workshop, cost). The grinding wheel rotates in the spindle head and is also adjustable for height, by any of the methods described previously. Modern surface grinders are semi-automated, depth of cut and spark-out may be preset as to the number of passes and, once set up, the machining process requires very little operator intervention.
234:(chips). It must be applied directly to the cutting area to ensure that the fluid is not carried away by the grinding wheel. Common lubricants include water-soluble chemical fluids, water-soluble oils, synthetic oils, and petroleum-based oils. The type of lubrication used depends on the workpiece material and is outlined in the table below.
173:
The face of a wheel (cup, cylinder, disc, or segmental wheel) is used on the flat surface. Wheel-face grinding is often used for fast material removal, but some machines can accomplish high-precision work. The workpiece is held on a reciprocating table, which can be varied according to the task, or a
94:
The grinding wheel is not limited to a cylindrical shape and can have a myriad of options that are useful in transferring different geometries to the object being worked on. Straight wheels can be dressed by the operator to produce custom geometries. When surface grinding an object, one must keep in
90:
Typical workpiece materials include cast iron and mild steel. These two materials don't tend to clog the grinding wheel while being processed. Other materials are aluminum, stainless steel, brass and some plastics. When grinding at high temperatures, the material tends to become weakened and is more
193:
Disc grinding is similar to surface grinding, but with a larger contact area between disc and workpiece. Disc grinders are available in both vertical and horizontal spindle types. Double disc grinders work both sides of a workpiece simultaneously. Disc grinders are capable of achieving especially
208:
Aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, diamond, and cubic boron nitride (CBN) are four commonly used abrasive materials for the surface of the grinding wheels. Of these materials, aluminum oxide is the most common. Because of cost, diamond and CBN grinding wheels are generally made with a core of less
60:
Surface grinding is a finishing process that uses a rotating abrasive wheel to smooth the flat surface of metallic or nonmetallic materials to give them a more refined look by removing the oxide layer and impurities on work piece surfaces. This will also attain a desired surface for a functional
101:
is a term used when precision values are sought and literally means "until the sparks are out (no more)". It involves passing the workpiece under the wheel, without resetting the depth of cut, more than once and generally multiple times. This ensures that any inconsistencies in the machine or
164:
The periphery (flat edge) of the wheel is in contact with the workpiece, producing the flat surface. Peripheral grinding is used in high-precision work on simple flat surfaces; tapers or angled surfaces; slots; flat surfaces next to shoulders; recessed surfaces; and profiles.
143:
Depending on the workpiece material, the work is generally held by the use of a magnetic chuck. This may be either an electromagnetic chuck, or a manually operated, permanent magnet type chuck; both types are shown in the first image.
209:
expensive material surrounded by a layer of diamond or CBN. Diamond and CBN wheels are very hard and are capable of economically grinding materials, such as ceramics and carbides, that cannot be ground by aluminum oxide or silicon.
174:
rotary-table machine, with continuous or indexed rotation. Indexing allows loading or unloading one station while grinding operations are being performed on another. An alternative term is snow grinding.
565:
133:
The typical precision of a surface grinder depends on the type and usage, however ±0.002 mm (±0.0001 in) should be achievable on most surface grinders.
527:
484:
72:
pieces are held in place by a magnetic chuck, while non-ferromagnetic and nonmetallic pieces are held in place with vacuum or mechanical means. A
136:
The machine consists of a table that traverses both longitudinally and across the face of the wheel. The longitudinal feed is usually powered by
558:
216:
are used to maintain the condition of the wheel, these may be table mounted or mounted in the wheel head where they can be readily applied.
583:
633:
551:
520:
468:
87:
Factors to consider in surface grinding are the material of the grinding wheel and the material of the piece being worked on.
824:
1136:
696:
603:
513:
84:) placed on the magnetic chuck can be used to hold non-ferromagnetic workpieces if only a magnetic chuck is available.
746:
671:
354:
1131:
987:
829:
686:
819:
1105:
909:
894:
834:
796:
364:
318:
939:
919:
814:
95:
mind that the shape of the wheel will be transferred to the material of the object like a reverse image.
1038:
899:
598:
91:
inclined to corrode. This can also result in a loss of magnetism in materials where this is applicable.
41:) cuts chips of metallic or nonmetallic substance from a workpiece, making a face of it flat or smooth.
110:
325:
then it may lose some magnetic properties. Finally, the surface may be more susceptible to corrosion.
1023:
929:
628:
127:
64:
The components of a surface grinding machine are an abrasive wheel, a workholding device known as a
952:
879:
731:
349:
344:
230:
Lubricants are sometimes used to cool the workpiece and wheel, lubricate the interface, and remove
137:
65:
1043:
849:
806:
711:
574:
34:
68:, and a reciprocating or rotary table. The chuck holds the material in place by two processes:
1080:
1075:
613:
464:
322:
1028:
781:
756:
751:
736:
618:
593:
314:
213:
123:
294:
Water-soluble oil, dry, heavy duty emulsifiable oil, light duty chemical and synthetic oil
726:
661:
656:
306:
500:
1002:
962:
884:
761:
203:
38:
1125:
1018:
982:
967:
786:
741:
721:
716:
339:
334:
225:
148:
69:
49:
997:
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864:
536:
212:
As with any grinding operation, the condition of the wheel is extremely important.
494:
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114:
Surface
Grinder with electromagnetic chuck, inset shows a Manual magnetic chuck
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as well as the extraction of metal dust (metal and grinding particles).
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Heavy duty emulsifiable oil, heavy duty chemical and synthetic oil
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Heavy duty emulsifiable oil, light duty chemical and synthetic oil
1033:
646:
238:
Types of lubricants used for grinding based on workpiece material
231:
109:
77:
73:
547:
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305:
The high temperatures encountered at the ground surface create
48:
if great accuracy is not required, but a machine superior to a
37:
process in which a spinning wheel covered in rough particles (
321:, if the temperature of the surface is raised beyond the
313:
layer may form on the part surface; this decreases the
130:, either to a critical size or for the surface finish.
30:
is done on flat surfaces to produce a smooth finish.
457:
Todd, Robert H.; Allen, Dell K.; Alting, Leo (1994),
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938:
805:
695:
627:
582:
236:
413:"Disk grinder and double disc grinder technology"
147:The machine has provision for the application of
398:
396:
160:Horizontal-spindle (peripheral) surface grinders
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428:
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521:
8:
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552:
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514:
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390:. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 1983
44:Sometimes a surface grinder is known as a
424:
422:
384:Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook
169:Vertical-spindle (wheel-face) grinders .
460:Manufacturing Processes Reference Guide
376:
178:Disc grinders and double-disc grinders.
7:
198:Grinding wheels for surface grinders
301:Effects on work material properties
25:
501:Cylindrical and surface grinding
386:(TMEH), 4th edition, Volume 1,
825:Electrical discharge machining
614:Numerical control (NC and CNC)
490:The effect of surface grinding
1:
441:Todd, Allen & Alting 1994
429:Todd, Allen & Alting 1994
278:Heavy duty water-soluble oil
672:List of drill and tap sizes
355:Grinding (abrasive cutting)
1153:
988:Magnetic switchable device
223:
201:
126:used to provide precision
102:workpiece are eliminated.
1066:
830:Electrochemical machining
543:
463:, Industrial Press Inc.,
155:Types of surface grinders
76:(made from ferromagnetic
910:Rotary transfer machine
895:Photochemical machining
835:Electron-beam machining
797:Tool and cutter grinder
365:Tool and Cutter grinder
319:ferromagnetic materials
115:
1106:Tools and terminology
113:
1137:Grinding and lapping
1024:Machining vibrations
930:Ultrasonic machining
33:It is a widely used
1044:Tool and die making
732:Cylindrical grinder
495:Deltaschleifer Test
350:Cylindrical grinder
345:Centerless grinding
239:
712:Abrasive machining
243:Workpiece material
237:
116:
35:abrasive machining
1132:Grinding machines
1119:
1118:
1062:
1061:
323:Curie temperature
307:residual stresses
298:
297:
214:Grinding dressers
194:fine tolerances.
16:(Redirected from
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1029:Speeds and feeds
782:Sharpening stone
757:Grinding machine
752:Grinding dresser
619:Stewart platform
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315:fatigue strength
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28:Surface grinding
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792:Surface grinder
727:Coated abrasive
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662:Drill bit sizes
657:Drill bit shank
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479:Further reading
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402:TMEH, Volume 1.
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283:Stainless steel
262:Light duty oil
254:Heavy duty oil
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128:ground surfaces
120:surface grinder
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18:Surface grinder
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885:Milling cutter
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584:Computer-aided
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204:Grinding wheel
202:Main article:
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39:grinding wheel
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1019:Cutting fluid
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983:Machine taper
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940:Machine tools
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787:Spark testing
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742:Flick grinder
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737:Diamond plate
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722:Bench grinder
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717:Angle grinder
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577:and computing
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340:Bench grinder
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335:Angle grinder
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70:ferromagnetic
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55:
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50:bench grinder
47:
46:flick grinder
42:
40:
36:
31:
29:
19:
998:Rotary table
978:Lathe center
865:Machine tool
791:
697:Grinding and
537:Metalworking
459:
451:Bibliography
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124:machine tool
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74:machine vise
63:
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52:is needed.
45:
43:
32:
27:
26:
1076:Fabrication
1012:Terminology
948:Angle plate
875:Metal lathe
767:Jig grinder
677:Tap and die
586:engineering
497:(in German)
485:Study Guide
360:Jig grinder
311:martensitic
309:and a thin
220:Lubrication
1126:Categories
1096:Metallurgy
890:Pantograph
682:Tap wrench
371:References
275:Mild steel
246:Lubricant
224:See also:
138:hydraulics
1091:Machining
1086:Jewellery
1054:Workpiece
1049:Tramp oil
1039:Tolerance
870:Machining
860:Jig borer
845:Engraving
820:Broaching
807:Machining
687:Threading
652:Drill bit
634:threading
575:Machining
388:Machining
267:Cast iron
251:Aluminium
106:Equipment
99:Spark out
82:cast iron
61:purpose.
1101:Smithing
840:End mill
747:Grinding
707:Abrasive
667:Drilling
642:Die head
629:Drilling
329:See also
291:Plastics
1111:Welding
1081:Forming
1071:Casting
1003:Wiggler
993:Mandrel
963:Fixture
925:Turning
920:Skiving
880:Milling
855:Hobbing
777:Sanding
772:Lapping
699:lapping
149:coolant
56:Process
958:Collet
915:Shaper
905:Reamer
900:Planer
850:Facing
815:Boring
609:G-code
467:
182:": -->
1034:Swarf
953:Chuck
647:Drill
317:. In
259:Brass
232:swarf
122:is a
78:steel
66:chuck
594:2.5D
465:ISBN
184:edit
973:Jig
631:and
604:CAM
599:CAD
80:or
1128::
421:^
395:^
118:A
567:e
560:t
553:v
529:e
522:t
515:v
474:.
415:.
188:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
