334:, variable geometry inlets and automatic ride control systems. The 100A and 100B were both capable of operating almost completely out of the water on an air cushion with only 18 in (46 cm) of sidewall, the propellers or the waterjet inlets entering the water. The 100-ton SES 100B was built for the US Navy as a 1/10 scale model to test the feasibility of using hovercraft and other Surface Effect Ships in combat situations. The top-secret specifications called for a ship capable of entering a combat zone at a speed of over 80 knots (150 km/h; 92 mph) and disgorging a tank and 100 soldiers onto a beach, turning back out onto water and escaping at high speed.
153:
384:
412:. The early HM2 suffered from mechanical problems and during a financial crisis in 1969, Hovermarine went into voluntary liquidation and the major assets were acquired by a new company, Hovermarine Transport Ltd, this was subsequently taken over by the American company, Transportation Technology Inc. Production of HM.2s for North and Central America was undertaken by Hovermarine's factory at
25:
349:
As a hovercraft, the LCAC, derived from the AALC has no rigid hull parts that extend past the air cushion. It therefore can operate across the beach. The SES has rigid side hulls that enclose the air cushion, permitting water propulsion but allowing it to only go to the shore when conducting amphibious operations. Design concepts for a 6000-plus-ton cargo SES's that Rohr and
283:
348:
The 3000-ton SES concept was never designed to go up on the beach, like a landing craft. The AALC (Amphibious
Assault Landing Craft) and the SES were very different concepts from the beginning. The AALC was a pure hovercraft that is capable of high-speed insertion of troops and vehicles onto a beach.
468:
Kibou was operated as a car ferry between
Shimizu port and Shimoda port in Shizuoka prefecture. It was 2780-ton, 74m long with 2×MFT8(JT8D) engines. Vessel was decommissioned in 2005. Superliner Ogasawara was planned to operate between Tokyo port and Ogasawara island in Tokyo prefecture, but it was
290:
Two experimental SESs (the SES-100A and 100B), both of around 100 tons, with 80 ft (24 m) length and 40 ft (12 m) beams, were developed for the US Military in the 1960s and 70s. They both attained speeds in excess of the program goal of 80 knots (150 km/h; 92 mph). The
214:
was used to drive lift fans, and also to power out-drive units that were used for off-cushion slow-speed maneuvering. During the first year of testing, the XR-1 was fitted with more powerful main propulsion and flexible fore and aft seals were tested as well.
168:
The SES has two advantages over a hovercraft for open sea operation: it is more resistant to slipping sideways when acted on by air or sea, and it can use water jets for propulsion since the inlet nozzles are always covered by water.
469:
cancelled because of high jet fuel cost in 2005. It stayed in
Ishinomaki Port as a hotel ship for victims of the Tunami disaster in 2011. It was later scrapped in 2018. Vessel was 14500-ton, 140m long powered by 2×LM2500 engines
233:
became involved in SES history in 1970, taking over the XR-1 test program for the Navy. Rohr continued to use the XR-1 to test propulsion and seal concepts. Their eventual goal was to develop a 3000-ton (3,050 tonne) SES, the
273:
6 conditions. The proposed main power units were to be 4 × 40,000 hp (30,000 kW) gas turbine engines driving water jet propulsors. The 3000-ton ship development contract was canceled in 1980.
145:. When the air cushion is in use, a small portion of the twin hulls remains in the water. When the air cushion is turned off ("off-cushion" or "hull borne"), the full weight of the vessel is supported by the
330:) while doing 60 knots (110 km/h; 69 mph). It was also used to test automatic ride control and high speed collision avoidance and navigation systems. The 100A ship was used to test
460:
377:
360:
On 10 November 1972 contracts were let to four firms to conduct 2200-ton prototype preliminary design; these designs were to be completed in August 1973. The
589:
527:
surface effect patrol boats. These ships are the fastest warships in the world with service speeds of 60 knots (110 km/h). The prototype (
449:
42:
562:
669:
258:
108:
89:
594:
361:
61:
46:
685:
626:
68:
717:
218:
The XR-1 was also used to test the concept of water-jet propulsion. The ship was modified in 1964 and equipped with gas
210:
providing 1,700 pounds-force (7,600 N) of thrust was used for main propulsion. A separate 110 hp (82 kW)
75:
432:
used two craft, Toryoung I and
Toryoung II, but an accident with the latter craft led to the demise of the service.
35:
338:
312:
300:
255:
307:
controllable, reversible propellers, achieved speeds in excess of 96 knots (178 km/h; 110 mph) in the
57:
547:
524:
323:
455:
513:
429:
337:
Unlike the hard sidewall SES's, the full skirted AALCs, JEFF A&B were the prototype vehicles for the
647:
584:
397:
157:
152:
543:
517:
425:
350:
316:
161:
194:
was designed and built to test the surface effect concept. The first version of the XR-1 used fixed
722:
566:
487:
421:
413:
613:
409:
183:
82:
665:
578:
373:
138:
444:
550:
498:
327:
304:
292:
219:
191:
164:
is a modern SES, the fastest combat ship class afloat at the time of their introduction.
308:
262:
203:
711:
365:
199:
494:
383:
353:
proposed relied on the idea of the ship loading and unloading from beach, lighter,
396:
The UK based company
Hovermarine developed the HM.2 SES ferry at their factory in
539:
509:
483:
24:
702:
230:
211:
207:
134:
130:
405:
270:
142:
435:
Over 110 HM.2's were manufactured in the United
Kingdom and United States.
326:
ARIS radar. It also fired the Navy's first vertically launched missile (an
222:
driving the water jet propulsors. The ship's weight increased to 17 tons.
401:
354:
342:
331:
146:
528:
282:
417:
369:
296:
195:
493:
in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The ships were passed on to the
382:
281:
151:
266:
614:
https://www.foils.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HCH1962Jul.pdf
187:
18:
542:, which acted as a small-scale pre-prototype testbed for the
269:
aircraft. The proposed ship was to be capable of 80 knots in
186:
initiated the SES model test program in 1960. By 1963, a 10-
531:
Skjold) was leased and tested for one year by the US Navy.
686:"Scanner, v. 7, n. 6 (March 1975) : Marine News"
650:- Department of Defense appropriations for 1974, V.5
400:in the 1960s. The first HM-2 craft was operated by
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
516:surface effect vessels for mine warfare for the
286:SES-100B during testing on St. Andrews Bay 1975
627:"Skjold-class Surface Effect Ship HNoMS Steil"
341:'s used by the Navy with such success in the
8:
206:ends of the captured air bubble section. A
16:Watercraft with air cushion and twin hulls
590:Aerodynamically alleviated marine vehicle
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
416:. A brief trial of 2 HM.2 took place in
664:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 157.
606:
546:is now used as a training platform for
703:US Navy's SES-100B Surface Effect Ship
497:and remain in active service with the
443:In Japan, two type of SES were built:
523:The Norwegian Navy also operates six
133:that has both an air cushion, like a
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
357:or conventional dock facilities.
595:List of amphibious warfare ships
563:Korean People's Army Naval Force
23:
491:-class surface effect corvettes
420:from July to late fall 1974 to
34:needs additional citations for
322:The speed was verified by the
303:. Driven by 2 semi-submerged,
1:
226:Rohr Industries 1970 to 1980
254:hip), capable of utilizing
739:
265:helicopters & various
648:Surface Effect Ship (SES)
428:. The service managed by
301:Michoud Assembly Facility
299:Corporation) at the NASA
123:surface effect ship (SES)
662:A Dictionary of Aviation
660:Wragg, David W. (1973).
581:is a related technology.
548:Swedish Amphibious Corps
629:. Defense Media Network
392:Hovermarine SES Ferries
291:SES 100B, was built by
256:vertical launch missile
388:
287:
190:test craft called the
165:
625:Lundquist, Edward H.
585:Ground-effect vehicle
456:Super Liner Ogasawara
398:Woolston, Southampton
386:
285:
158:Skjold-class corvette
155:
58:"Surface effect ship"
718:Air-cushion vehicles
544:Visby-class corvette
518:Royal Norwegian Navy
514:Alta and Oksøy class
430:Can-Am Hover Express
426:Youngstown, New York
351:Ingalls Shipbuilding
317:Panama City, Florida
43:improve this article
567:Nongo-class warship
486:built two 1050-ton
422:Niagara-on-the-Lake
414:Titusville, Florida
332:waterjet propulsion
149:of the twin hulls.
127:sidewall hovercraft
410:Portsmouth Harbour
389:
288:
184:United States Navy
178:United States Navy
166:
579:Air cavity system
362:prime contractors
119:
118:
111:
93:
730:
690:
689:
682:
676:
675:
657:
651:
645:
639:
638:
636:
634:
622:
616:
611:
551:Clearance divers
464:
453:
404:in 1968 between
343:Persian Gulf War
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
738:
737:
733:
732:
731:
729:
728:
727:
708:
707:
699:
694:
693:
684:
683:
679:
672:
659:
658:
654:
646:
642:
632:
630:
624:
623:
619:
612:
608:
603:
575:
559:
537:
507:
499:Black Sea Fleet
480:
475:
473:Operational use
458:
447:
441:
394:
387:Hovermarine HM2
313:St. Andrews Bay
305:supercavitating
280:
231:Rohr Industries
228:
220:turbine engines
180:
175:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
736:
734:
726:
725:
720:
710:
709:
706:
705:
698:
697:External links
695:
692:
691:
677:
670:
652:
640:
617:
605:
604:
602:
599:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
574:
571:
558:
555:
536:
533:
506:
503:
479:
476:
474:
471:
440:
437:
393:
390:
309:Gulf of Mexico
293:Bell Aerospace
279:
276:
263:anti-submarine
227:
224:
179:
176:
174:
171:
162:Norwegian Navy
156:P961 Storm, a
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
735:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
704:
701:
700:
696:
687:
681:
678:
673:
671:9780850451634
667:
663:
656:
653:
649:
644:
641:
628:
621:
618:
615:
610:
607:
600:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
572:
570:
568:
564:
556:
554:
552:
549:
545:
541:
534:
532:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
490:
485:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
457:
451:
446:
438:
436:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
391:
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
346:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
284:
277:
275:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
225:
223:
221:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:seals at the
197:
193:
189:
185:
177:
172:
170:
163:
159:
154:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
680:
661:
655:
643:
631:. Retrieved
620:
609:
560:
538:
525:Skjold class
522:
508:
495:Russian Navy
488:
481:
467:
442:
434:
395:
359:
347:
336:
321:
289:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
229:
217:
181:
167:
126:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
565:operated 6
557:North Korea
540:HSwMS Smyge
510:Umoe Mandal
484:Soviet Navy
459: [
448: [
278:The SES-100
137:, and twin
723:Ship types
712:Categories
633:2 December
601:References
212:gas engine
208:jet engine
135:hovercraft
131:watercraft
69:newspapers
406:Ryde Pier
271:sea state
143:catamaran
141:, like a
573:See also
512:built 9
402:Seaspeed
378:Lockheed
355:causeway
311:outside
147:buoyancy
99:May 2019
418:Toronto
370:Aerojet
297:Textron
259:systems
246:urface
196:plywood
173:History
160:of the
83:scholar
668:
535:Sweden
505:Norway
478:Russia
376:, and
374:Litton
250:ffect
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
463:]
452:]
445:Kibou
439:Japan
364:were
242:arge
139:hulls
129:is a
90:JSTOR
76:books
666:ISBN
635:2022
561:The
489:Bora
482:The
454:and
408:and
366:Bell
339:LCAC
328:SM-2
324:USAF
267:VTOL
261:and
236:LSES
202:and
200:fore
192:XR-1
182:The
62:news
529:KNM
424:to
315:in
204:aft
188:ton
125:or
45:by
714::
569:.
553:.
520:.
501:.
465:.
461:ja
450:ja
380:.
372:,
368:,
345:.
319:.
121:A
688:.
674:.
637:.
295:(
252:S
248:E
244:S
240:L
238:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
