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152:. For various reasons this arrangement resulted in neglect of the convicts' health and well-being, and there were many deaths. Often the deaths during a single voyage would number in the hundreds. In 1792, the decision was made to appoint the ship's
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1852 Victoria IMMIGRATION Return to
Address. – Mr O'Shanassy, 25th November 1851 Laid Upon the Council Table of the Colonial Secretary by the Command of His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor
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to a position of authority in all matters not directly related to the sailing of the ship. This was an immediate success, reducing the death rate to no more than around ten per voyage.
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A surgeon-superintendent was a role that comprised 57 duties covering embarkation, voyage, and arrival for all assisted and bounty ships sailing under the
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Instructions for
Surgeons of Emigrant Ships Sailing Under the Superintendence of Her Majesty's Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners
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Officially styled "superintendent", the responsibilities of the surgeon-superintendent were largely equivalent to that of a
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Before 1792, authority over convicts during transportation was wielded by the ship
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202:, Melbourne: John Ferres Government Printing Office, pp. 21–26 (53–58).
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