740:
1059:
974:
925:
863:
76:
130:
680:
913:
unemployed people were added. To provide work, roads were built to
Domburg and Groningen, and the Meursweg was constructed. The Salvation Army set up a soup kitchen to relieve the worst of necessities. However, this was not enough, and there was a great deal of unrest among the population in 1931, leading to demonstrations and street riots with looting. Nationalist Anton de Kom then came to Suriname to set up a workers' organization there: he established a consultancy firm, but when he organized a demonstration against governor
62:
1766:
601:
878:
spurred the construction of the Lawa
Railway in 1902, although construction was halted after gold production proved disappointing. In the 1930s, the grandmother of Hennah Draaibaar discovered more than 80 kilos of gold, which made her briefly the richest woman in Surinam; the Dutch took most of the
912:
The 1930s were a difficult time for
Suriname. The Great Depression created great unemployment. Surinamese guest workers in Curaçao and other islands of the Netherlands Antilles returned to Suriname because there was no more work, which exacerbated the problem. No more funds came in and more
1047:), establishing the government of the colony. In 1865, a new government regulation replaced the previous regulation of 1832, which theoretically gave Suriname some limited self-rule. The colonial elite was given the right to elect a Colonial Council (Dutch:
948:
of August 1941, the Dutch government in exile promised to end the colonial relations between the
Netherlands and its overseas possessions, promising them far-reaching autonomy and self-rule. This was eventually accomplished by the proclamation of the
2936:
2891:
1122:, TRIS fell under the responsibility of the Dutch Ministry of Colonies, instead of the Dutch Ministry of Defense. The size of the TRIS army was, however, small, compared to the KNIL army for the former colony of
1093:
had pledged to review the relationship between the
Netherlands and its colonies, the Basic Law was heavily revised. In March 1948, revisions to the Basic Law were adopted by Dutch parliament, which introduced
1126:, it consisted of two infantry and two artillery companies. In total 636 soldiers served in the TRIS army. These soldiers were tasked with patrolling and policing duties within the Dutch colony of Surinam.
933:"Everything that has been tried in Suriname, it all simply failed. Things are not easy. And that is why I wanted someone to get up in the Netherlands who knew what could be done. I will do the possible."
731:
described not only
Suriname, but all the colonies under Dutch sovereignty in the region taken together: a set of polities, with distinct governments, whose external borders changed much over time.
1055:. Among others, the Colonial Council was allowed to decide over the colony's budget, which was subject to approval by the Dutch crown, but which did not see any involvement of Dutch parliament.
687:
Although the colony has always been officially known as
Surinam or Suriname, in both Dutch and English, the colony was often unofficially and semi-officially referred to as Dutch Guiana (Dutch:
1599:
Soldaten overzee: aanwijzingen voor het doen van onderzoek naar onderofficieren en minderen bij het
Koninklijk Nederlandsch-Indisch Leger (KNIL) en bij het leger in West-Indië (1815-1949)
1058:
2901:
1102:) which was to assist the Governor in the everyday government of the colony, and which was the precursor to the Cabinet of Ministers. The new constitution took effect in July 1948.
787:
crashed in 1773, which dealt a severe blow to the plantation economy that was further exacerbated by the
British abolition of the slave trade in 1807. This abolition was adopted by
1397:
1903:
2921:
2896:
739:
795:
in May 1818. Many plantations went bankrupt as a consequence of the abolition of slave trade. Without supply of slaves, many plantations were merged to increase efficiency.
973:
1070:
In the wake of the 1922 Dutch constitutional revision, in which the term "colony" was replaced by "overseas territory", the 1865 government regulation was replaced by the
609:
2916:
2911:
924:
2906:
2931:
2886:
1700:
940:
Partly due to the importance of
Surinamese aluminium for the allied war effort, United States troops were stationed in Surinam under an agreement with the
2871:
1933:
950:
667:. As the term Dutch Guiana was used in the 17th and 18th centuries to refer to all Dutch colonies in the Guianas, this use of the term can be confusing (
442:
2876:
1823:
1666:
2204:
1891:
921:, in which 2 people were shot. De Kom was then put on a boat to the Netherlands. The Dutch Prime Minister Colijn stated in the Lower House in 1935:
1190:
1098:
for both men and women, which increased the membership of the Estates from 15 to 21, and which introduced a College of General Government (Dutch:
1695:
347:
1211:
820:
2830:
2595:
1910:
1727:
1269:
998:
958:
621:
511:
116:
1849:
1786:
1737:
1705:
1111:
1405:
2369:
1925:
1028:) governed the territory as a national colony, barring a period of British occupation between 1799 and 1802, and between 1804 and 1816.
1456:
1115:
1036:
75:
115:
1941:
1587:
1568:
1517:
1496:
1297:
728:
640:
557:
1755:
1732:
835:
were also contracted to work on plantations in Surinam. At the same time, a largely unsuccessful attempt to colonize Surinam with
2267:
1946:
1791:
779:
became the single most important export product of Surinam. Planters' treatment of the slaves was notoriously bad. The historian
719:, which after being taken over by the United Kingdom in 1814, were united into British Guiana in 1831. The Dutch also controlled
961:
participated on a basis of equality. In 1975, Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become the independent country of
862:
755:
The economy of the Colony of Suriname depended upon people enslaved at its plantations. Slave labour was mostly supplied by the
129:
2926:
1005:. Although the organization and administration was of the colony was limited to these three shareholders, all citizens of the
518:
493:
2881:
2071:
2005:
1606:
1549:
1135:
792:
2466:
982:
783:
wrote that "man's inhumanity to man just about reached its limits in Surinam", and many slaves escaped the plantations. The
1977:
1864:
1659:
1431:
2197:
2024:
2000:
1898:
1720:
788:
633:
1353:
2126:
1995:
1881:
1818:
1212:
Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands, relative to the Emigration of Labourers from India to the Dutch
1052:
2790:
2524:
2826:
2692:
2387:
2246:
1920:
1796:
1025:
875:
416:
335:
2066:
1090:
941:
2490:
2227:
2101:
2096:
2041:
1869:
1854:
1813:
1765:
1652:
1002:
784:
756:
498:
2190:
1972:
1874:
1747:
67:
2519:
1886:
1206:
In treaties between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, the colony is consistently referred to as the
679:
629:
617:
429:
379:
322:
96:
2213:
2116:
2056:
2046:
2010:
1990:
1915:
1859:
1774:
1071:
61:
1528:
1187:
1010:
2838:
2564:
2412:
2262:
2078:
1837:
1374:
Meiden, G.W. (2008) Betwist Bestuur. De eerste eeuw bestuurlijke ruzies in Suriname 1651-1753, p. 11.
1063:
954:
748:
201:
2644:
2620:
2590:
2157:
2150:
2088:
1960:
1715:
1687:
1679:
990:
595:
236:
216:
2614:
2534:
2106:
2051:
1095:
1021:
708:
648:
562:
803:
Slavery was eventually abolished on 1 July 1863, a date now celebrated as the public holiday of
280:
1261:
977:
Suriname (circa 1914) in the Encyclopedia of the Dutch West Indies, by Surinamese cartographer
811:
were only released after a ten-year transitory period in 1873. This spurred the immigration of
2774:
2600:
2544:
2451:
2272:
2166:
2131:
2121:
2061:
2036:
1982:
1808:
1803:
1602:
1583:
1564:
1545:
1513:
1492:
1293:
1265:
1145:
1119:
1078:) on 1 April 1937. This Basic Law renamed the Colonial Council to Estates of Suriname (Dutch:
1032:
1017:
914:
832:
724:
716:
656:
206:
150:
659:, were lost to the British in 1814, the remaining colony of Surinam was often referred to as
2811:
2758:
2716:
2585:
2287:
2111:
1742:
1453:
1086:
978:
945:
275:
246:
231:
226:
2446:
2171:
1460:
1194:
1155:
828:
295:
285:
265:
260:
241:
221:
211:
2539:
2397:
2302:
1254:
1051:) which would co-govern the colony together with the Governor-General appointed by the
1040:
1006:
824:
692:
664:
663:, especially after 1831, when the British merged Berbice, Essequibo, and Demerara into
625:
578:
548:
464:
366:
290:
270:
183:
156:
144:
17:
1580:
Eerlijckman - 1680-1713: in dienst van het Staatse leger en de West-Indische Compagnie
2865:
2726:
2721:
2377:
2354:
2349:
2333:
2297:
2292:
2277:
1150:
1114:(TRIS) which served as the Dutch colonial army in Suriname. This meant that like the
894:
883:
816:
744:
696:
574:
460:
2711:
2514:
2328:
2323:
2282:
720:
391:
196:
1541:
Paradise overseas: the Dutch Caribbean: colonialism and its transatlantic legacies
1539:
1507:
1486:
1218:
937:
However, the situation had improved somewhat on the eve of the Second World War.
624:. The status quo of Dutch sovereignty over Surinam, and English sovereignty over
114:
2668:
2549:
2407:
2382:
1285:
772:
723:
from 1630 to 1654, including the area that, when governed by Lisbon, was called
700:
566:
162:
1639:
1427:
1020:. From then on until 1954, the Batavian Republic and its legal successors (the
953:
on 15 December 1954, which constituted a Kingdom in which the Netherlands, the
791:, who signed a royal decree in this regard in June 1814, and who concluded the
2456:
2422:
780:
768:
173:
608:
Surinam was a Dutch colony from 26 February 1667, when Dutch forces captured
2663:
2436:
2402:
1349:
1140:
1123:
994:
886:
871:
812:
1402:
Hoofdmomenten uit de Staatkundige Ontwikkeling van de Nederlandse Antillen
2834:
2529:
2307:
1675:
1009:
were free to trade with Suriname. Also, the planters were consulted in a
962:
804:
712:
652:
536:
31:
2182:
1561:
Zes jaren in Suriname: August Kappler, een Duitser in Suriname 1836-1842
2509:
2431:
2392:
906:
902:
856:
836:
808:
704:
644:
613:
600:
570:
2742:
2580:
2559:
2461:
2441:
2359:
898:
848:
847:
In the 20th century, the natural resources of Surinam, which include
776:
764:
1644:
1223:
to the International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property
993:, a company composed of three equal shareholders, being the city of
1057:
972:
923:
890:
861:
760:
738:
678:
599:
852:
699:. Historically, Suriname was only one of many Dutch colonies in
2937:
Former settlements and colonies of the Dutch West India Company
2689:
2641:
2487:
2224:
2186:
1648:
759:
from its trading posts in West Africa, to produce their crops.
2892:
Countries and territories where Dutch is an official language
1622:
1234:
This is, e.g., how Jan Jacob Hartsinck uses the term in his
112:
1013:, which was a unique feature among the colonies of Guiana.
743:
An illustration of a Dutch plantation owner and slave from
1454:
http://www.trisonline.nl/de-tris/de-historie-van-de-tris/
1197:
separating Suriname from Curaçao and Dependencies (1845).
1530:
Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America
1236:
Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America
917:, he was imprisoned. A rally to get him released led to
874:
that followed the discovery of gold on the banks of the
1035:
took over in 1795, the Dutch government issued various
1627:
1016:
In November 1795, the Society was nationalized by the
2837:
in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the
1383:
Buddingh, H. (1995) Geschiedenis van Suriname, p. 26.
622:
constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
827:
in 1870. Apart from immigration from British India,
771:
were the main goods exported from the colony to the
2804:
2783:
2767:
2751:
2735:
2704:
2656:
2573:
2502:
2421:
2368:
2342:
2316:
2255:
2239:
2087:
2023:
1959:
1836:
1773:
1686:
532:
456:
439:
426:
413:
401:
385:
373:
360:
346:
329:
316:
304:
179:
169:
139:
39:
1253:
628:, which it had conquered in 1664, was kept in the
944:on 23 November 1941. Under the provisions of the
691:) in the 19th and 20th century, in an analogy to
823:had been signed between the Netherlands and the
620:, until 15 December 1954, when Surinam became a
1082:) and increased the membership from 13 to 15.
2902:States and territories disestablished in 1954
2198:
1660:
1488:Geschiedenis van Suriname: van stam tot staat
1350:"Grandma and the great gold rush of Suriname"
1312:
8:
632:of 31 July 1667, and again confirmed in the
2922:1950s disestablishments in the Dutch Empire
93:
2897:States and territories established in 1667
2701:
2686:
2653:
2638:
2499:
2484:
2236:
2221:
2205:
2191:
2183:
2029:
1965:
1842:
1779:
1667:
1653:
1645:
989:From 1683, the colony was governed by the
951:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands
901:. In 1938, the company built an aluminium
569:, bordered by the equally Dutch colony of
443:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands
128:
36:
2841:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.
1239:
1174:
1110:In 1868 the Dutch government created the
893:began mining bauxite on the banks of the
837:impoverished farmers from the Netherlands
1559:Kappler, A.; Ietswaart, Michaël (2014).
1391:
1389:
30:For the later Republic of Suriname, see
2917:1667 establishments in the Dutch Empire
2912:1954 disestablishments in South America
1260:. Twenty-First Century Books. pp.
1167:
258:
194:
1336:
1324:
573:to the west, and the French colony of
27:Dutch plantation colony in the Guianas
1728:Within the Kingdom of the Netherlands
1428:"Wat gebeurde er op 28 januari 1948?"
512:Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
438:
425:
412:
408:
384:
372:
359:
355:
345:
328:
315:
311:
303:
7:
2907:1667 establishments in South America
1356:from the original on 31 January 2023
1112:Netherlands Armed Forces in Suriname
2829:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
1601:. Den Haag: Algemeen Rijksarchief.
1582:. Curaçao: De Curaçaosche Courant.
1037:government regulations for Suriname
775:until the early 18th century, when
641:other Dutch colonies in the Guianas
2887:Dutch colonization of the Americas
2489:Colonies and trading posts of the
2226:Colonies and trading posts of the
1116:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
1066:, the governor of Suriname in 1923
25:
2872:Dutch colonisation of the Guianas
843:The natural resources of Suriname
668:
2877:Former colonies in South America
1764:
1434:from the original on 9 July 2017
1045:Regeringsreglement voor Suriname
747:'s illustrations of the work of
516:
491:
74:
60:
2550:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies
1544:. Oxford: Macmillan Caribbean.
1221:colonies of Curaçao and Surinam
577:to the east. It later bordered
202:Sarnami Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu)
2932:Netherlands–Suriname relations
1533:, Amsterdam: Gerrit Tielenburg
793:Anglo-Dutch Slave Trade Treaty
751:, first published in 1792–1794
727:. Thus, before 1814, the term
555:), also unofficially known as
1:
1527:Hartsinck, Jan Jacob (1770),
1292:. Penguin. pp. 271–272.
1100:College van Algemeen Bestuur
999:Van Aerssen van Sommelsdijck
789:William I of the Netherlands
683:Flag of Suriname (1959–1975)
604:Map of the Guianas from 1700
590:The colonization of Suriname
1640:Dutch West Indies 1630-1975
1076:Staatsregeling van Suriname
441:• Proclamation of the
2953:
2693:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1597:Kompagnie, Jan H. (1996).
1026:Kingdom of the Netherlands
593:
155:Occupied territory of the
29:
2820:
2700:
2685:
2652:
2637:
2609:
2498:
2483:
2235:
2220:
2144:
2032:
1968:
1845:
1782:
1762:
1738:National Military Council
1563:. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.
1512:. Zutphen: Het Spectrum.
1509:Geschiedenis van Suriname
1491:. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.
1452:De historie van de TRIS:
1290:The Dutch Seaborne Empire
1252:Streissguth, Tom (2009).
1091:Dutch government in exile
942:Dutch government in exile
879:gold to the Netherlands.
735:Slave labor in the colony
470:
452:
409:
397:
356:
342:
312:
127:
94:
88:
56:
51:
2791:Curaçao and Dependencies
2525:Curaçao and Dependencies
2503:Colonies in the Americas
2491:Dutch West India Company
2228:Dutch East India Company
1850:Administrative divisions
1578:Nederlof, Marjo (2008).
1538:Oostindie, Gert (2005).
1506:Buddingh', Hans (1999).
1485:Bakker, Eveline (1993).
1003:Dutch West India Company
866:Dutch Guaiana (1818 map)
785:Amsterdam Stock Exchange
757:Dutch West India Company
499:Surinam (English colony)
2574:Trading posts in Africa
2308:Northeast coast of Java
1701:Chairmen of the Estates
1219:Accession of the Dutch
981:and Dutch ethnographer
821:a treaty to that effect
159:(1799–1802, 1804–1815)
153:(1795–1799, 1802–1804)
18:Suriname (Dutch colony)
2927:1952 disestablishments
2001:Science and technology
1934:Deputy Prime Minister
1067:
986:
929:
897:, near the village of
867:
752:
684:
618:Second Anglo-Dutch War
605:
552:
380:Johan van Scharphuizen
121:
97:Wilhelmus van Nassouwe
2882:Former Dutch colonies
2827:constituent countries
2360:West coast of Sumatra
2214:Dutch colonial empire
1430:. Suriname.nu. 1989.
1072:Basic Law of Suriname
1061:
976:
927:
865:
839:was started as well.
742:
682:
634:Treaty of Westminster
603:
180:Common languages
119:
2839:Netherlands Antilles
1947:Constitutional Court
1824:World Heritage Sites
1792:Environmental issues
1256:Suriname in Pictures
1064:Aarnoud van Heemstra
955:Netherlands Antilles
928:Dutch Guiana in 1826
799:Abolition of slavery
749:John Gabriel Stedman
108:"'William of Nassau"
2645:Noordsche Compagnie
2643:Settlements of the
2621:Society of Suriname
2467:Vietnam (1637–1643)
2240:Governorate General
1716:Society of Suriname
1408:on 19 December 2012
1396:A.F. Paula (1989).
1089:, during which the
1080:Staten van Suriname
991:Society of Suriname
859:, were exploited.
596:History of Suriname
581:from 1831 to 1966.
2615:Society of Berbice
2006:Telecommunications
1696:Colonial governors
1459:2017-07-02 at the
1193:2016-03-03 at the
1096:universal suffrage
1068:
1022:Kingdom of Holland
987:
983:Johannes Snelleman
930:
868:
753:
685:
616:colony during the
610:Francis Willoughby
606:
417:Capture of Surinam
255:8 native languages
191:11 other languages
122:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2835:full independence
2775:Dutch East Indies
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2180:
2179:
2140:
2139:
2019:
2018:
1955:
1954:
1911:Political parties
1899:National Assembly
1865:Foreign relations
1832:
1831:
1750:(1986–1992)
1711:Colony of Surinam
1271:978-1-57505-964-8
1214:Colony of Surinam
1208:Colony of Surinam
1188:this royal decree
1146:Dutch East Indies
1120:Dutch East Indies
1033:Batavian Republic
1018:Batavian Republic
1011:Council of Police
915:Johannes Kielstra
833:Dutch East Indies
831:workers from the
725:Portuguese Guiana
689:Nederlands Guiana
563:plantation colony
542:
541:
528:
527:
524:
523:
504:
503:
387:• 1949–1954
375:• 1689–1696
331:• 1948–1954
318:• 1667–1702
276:Sikiana-Kashuyana
151:Batavian Republic
117:
41:Colony of Surinam
16:(Redirected from
2944:
2842:
2702:
2691:Colonies of the
2687:
2654:
2639:
2619:Governed by the
2613:Governed by the
2500:
2485:
2237:
2222:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2160:
2153:
2030:
1986:
1966:
1937:
1929:
1843:
1780:
1768:
1756:1990 coup d'état
1751:
1743:December murders
1733:1980 coup d'état
1669:
1662:
1655:
1646:
1612:
1593:
1574:
1555:
1534:
1523:
1502:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1404:. Archived from
1398:"Koloniale Raad"
1393:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1259:
1249:
1243:
1242:, pp. 257).
1232:
1226:
1204:
1198:
1186:See for example
1184:
1178:
1172:
1087:Second World War
979:Herman Benjamins
946:Atlantic Charter
520:
519:
508:
507:
495:
494:
488:
487:
472:
471:
448:15 December 1954
422:26 February 1667
348:Governor General
134:Suriname in 1954
132:
118:
109:
105:
101:
100:
78:
64:
45:Kolonie Suriname
37:
21:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2845:
2824:
2816:
2800:
2779:
2763:
2747:
2731:
2696:
2673:
2648:
2625:
2605:
2569:
2494:
2471:
2417:
2364:
2338:
2312:
2251:
2231:
2216:
2211:
2181:
2176:
2163:
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2102:Coat of arms
2042:Demographics
1870:Human rights
1855:Constitution
1814:Biodiversity
1721:World War II
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661:Dutch Guiana
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558:Dutch Guiana
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481:Succeeded by
480:
475:
435:31 July 1667
392:Jan Klaasesz
362:• 1667
197:Sranan Tongo
147:(1667–1795)
89:
81:Coat of arms
44:
2695:(1815–1975)
2669:Smeerenburg
2657:Settlements
2647:(1614–1642)
2601:Slave Coast
2493:(1621–1792)
2425:settlements
2383:Banjarmasin
2370:Residencies
2273:Cape Colony
2230:(1602–1798)
1973:Agriculture
1875:LGBT rights
1623:TRIS online
1337:Bakker 1993
1325:Bakker 1993
1053:Dutch crown
807:, although
773:Netherlands
701:the Guianas
567:the Guianas
476:Preceded by
281:Tiro-Tiriyó
165:(1815–1954)
163:Netherlands
2866:Categories
2812:New Guinea
2805:Until 1962
2784:Until 1954
2768:Until 1949
2759:Gold Coast
2752:Until 1872
2736:Until 1853
2717:Coromandel
2705:Until 1825
2596:Senegambia
2586:Gold Coast
2423:Opperhoofd
2288:Coromandel
2117:Literature
2072:indigenous
2052:Healthcare
1985:(currency)
1608:9074920071
1551:1405057130
1360:31 January
1286:C.R. Boxer
1162:References
1136:Willem III
1085:After the
1031:After the
1001:, and the
876:Lawa River
813:indentured
781:C.R. Boxer
639:After the
594:See also:
323:Willem III
237:Portuguese
217:Saramaccan
186:(official)
174:Paramaribo
2664:Jan Mayen
2535:Essequibo
2447:Mauritius
2413:Pontianak
2403:Palembang
2057:Languages
2047:Education
2011:Transport
1978:Companies
1936:(defunct)
1928:(defunct)
1916:President
1892:Commander
1860:Elections
1775:Geography
1141:Amsterdam
1124:Indonesia
995:Amsterdam
887:aluminium
872:gold rush
709:Essequibo
669:see below
649:Essequibo
636:of 1674.
52:1667–1954
2831:Suriname
2545:Pomeroon
2530:Demerara
2408:Preanger
2393:Cheribon
2303:Moluccas
2167:Category
2079:Religion
1904:Chairman
1887:Military
1838:Politics
1680:articles
1676:Suriname
1457:Archived
1432:Archived
1354:Archived
1288:(1990).
1191:Archived
1130:See also
1106:Military
1074:(Dutch:
1024:and the
963:Suriname
959:Suriname
889:company
829:Javanese
819:, after
805:Ketikoti
717:Pomeroon
713:Demerara
657:Pomeroon
653:Demerara
643:, i.e.,
553:Suriname
537:Suriname
457:Currency
207:Javanese
32:Suriname
2833:gained
2825:Became
2796:Surinam
2727:Suratte
2722:Malacca
2555:Surinam
2520:Cayenne
2510:Berbice
2432:Myanmar
2388:Batavia
2355:Malabar
2334:Suratte
2298:Malacca
2293:Formosa
2278:Celebes
2247:Batavia
2151:Outline
2107:Cuisine
2089:Culture
2025:Society
1983:Dollar
1961:Economy
1688:History
1471:Ibidem.
1210:, e.g.
907:Paranam
903:smelter
857:bauxite
705:Berbice
645:Berbice
614:English
585:History
575:Cayenne
571:Berbice
545:Surinam
428:•
415:•
402:History
369:(first)
336:Juliana
325:(first)
247:Spanish
232:English
227:Chinese
170:Capital
104:(Dutch)
90:Anthem:
2743:Dejima
2712:Bengal
2581:Arguin
2560:Tobago
2515:Brazil
2462:Tonkin
2442:Dejima
2437:Canton
2398:Malang
2378:Bantam
2350:Bantam
2329:Persia
2324:Bengal
2283:Ceylon
2172:Portal
2097:Anthem
2062:People
1991:Energy
1787:Cities
1678:
1617:Online
1605:
1586:
1567:
1548:
1516:
1495:
1438:30 May
1412:30 May
1296:
1268:
1217:, the
1062:Baron
957:, and
899:Moengo
849:rubber
809:slaves
777:coffee
769:indigo
767:, and
765:cotton
715:, and
655:, and
405:
352:
338:(last)
308:
296:Wayana
286:Waiwai
261:Akurio
242:French
222:Kwinti
212:Ndyuka
140:Status
120:noicon
102:
92:
2457:Timor
2263:Ambon
2158:Index
2132:Sport
2122:Music
2037:Crime
1809:Flora
1804:Fauna
1041:Dutch
891:Alcoa
761:Sugar
549:Dutch
291:Warao
184:Dutch
2452:Siam
2112:Flag
2067:list
1628:TRIS
1603:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1546:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1493:ISBN
1440:2012
1414:2012
1362:2023
1294:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1151:Saba
884:U.S.
870:The
855:and
853:gold
695:and
68:Flag
1264:–.
905:in
671:).
612:'s
565:in
2868::
1400:.
1388:^
1262:23
1043::
965:.
909:.
851:,
763:,
711:,
707:,
651:,
647:,
551::
463:,
2206:e
2199:t
2192:v
1668:e
1661:t
1654:v
1611:.
1592:.
1573:.
1554:.
1522:.
1501:.
1442:.
1416:.
1364:.
1302:.
1274:.
1238:(
1225:.
1039:(
985:.
547:(
99:"
95:"
34:.
20:)
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