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presented a memorandum to the committee in which they promoted increased support for Jews in Europe. Subsequently, the ICRC revived its working group for POWs and detained civilians, with Ferrière holding the dossier for non-detained civilians. By autumn of that year, the ICRC leadership—including Ferrière—received reports about the systematic extermination of Jews by Nazi
Germany in Eastern Europe, the so-called
421:«In November with Ferriere's support the ICRC took three unusual steps. It offered the SCF its ‘patronage’, it consented ‘to receive the funds’ on the SCF's behalf and it allowed the SCF to retain ‘independence of appeal and independence of allocation’. The patronage of the ICRC enabled Eglantyne to create an international ‘central agency’, which she called the Save the Children Fund International Union (SCIU).»
205:. Suzanne was the second-oldest child of five. She had two brothers and two sisters: Jean Auguste (1884–1968), Louis Emmanuel (1887–1963), Marguerite Louise Hedwige (1890–1984), and Juliette Jeanne Adolphine (1895–1970). Anne Suzanne was apparently named after her great-aunts Anna (1803–1890) and Suzanne Ferrière (1806–1883), who were teachers. She grew up and lived all of her life in the
280:
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246:. Suzanne Ferrière was one of the 46 students from Geneva who joined Jaques-Dalcroze. In July 1913 she obtained her diploma in rhythmic and plastic gymnastic with a special mention. She immediately started teaching and developed in her class her own variant of eurhythmics, which was inspired by dancing elements and became known as
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In early 1943, Ferrière and her fellow female ICRC pioneer Odier—a nursing expert, who had become the fourth ever female member of the ICRC in 1930—conducted a joint mission to the Middle East and Africa to assess the situation of civilian detainees. Their tour of three months duration included stops
708:
In 1945, Ferrière gave up her post as the secretary-general of the IMS/ISS, but remained active in the organisation as a deputy-director. In
September 1951, Ferrière resigned as ICRC member for age reasons and was appointed an honorary member instead. In 1955, she also resigned as deputy-director of
595:
prison in 1934 on behalf of the ICRC and thus created a precedent, to which she pointed during a meeting of the ICRC members in
February 1935. One month later, the committee transformed its working group for civilians into one for political detainees. Both Ferrière and Frick-Cramer, who was still an
369:
Frédéric Ferrière, founded a civilian section against the advice of other committee members. Ferrière worked in the IPWA under the supervision of her uncle until 1915. However, she then gave up that commitment and followed the call of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, who sent her to the United States. There
551:
In August 1925, Ferrière was elected a member of the ICRC as successor to her uncle Frédéric Ferrière, who had died in the year before. She was only the third woman ever to join the governing body of the organisation after
Marguerite Cramer had been elected in 1919. When Frick-Cramer had moved to
456:
founded the
International Migration Service (IMS)—later renamed the International Social Service (ISS)—as a network of social work agencies helping migrant women and children. The ISS gained its status as an international non-governmental organization (NGO) in 1924 and moved its headquarters from
318:«Hardly had the first blows been struck when cries of anguish from all lands began to be heard in Switzerland. Thousands who were without news of fathers, husbands, and sons in the battlefields, stretched despairing arms into the void. By hundreds, by thousands, by tens of thousands, letters and
647:
In autumn 1941, Ferrière in her capacity as vice-president of the IMS informed the
British Red Cross that Jewish emigration from Nazi-occupied Europe had been halted. In May 1942, Ferriére, Frick-Cramer (who had returned in 1939 as a regular member after 17 years) and fellow member Alec Cramer
590:
came to power in
Germany in January 1933, the ICRC was faced with the question how to deal with the repressive system. Ferrière belonged to the faction within the ICRC leadership that pushed for interventions in favour of political detainees. Her brother Louis had inspected the conditions in a
326:, came the first inquiries for missing relatives; then these inquiries themselves became a storm. The letters arrived in sackfuls. Nothing had been prepared for dealing with such an inundation of misery. The Red Cross had no space, no organization, no system, and above all no helpers.»
700:. However, Ferrière's standing inside the organisation became diminished: when the executive committee established a department for special assistance to civilian detainees in early 1944, Ferrière as well as her fellow experts Frick-Cramer and Odier were left out of it.
567:(1850-1934) succeeded her as the second ever female ICRC member. In 1926, Ferrière was also elected a General Council Member of the Save the Children Fund, which she remained until 1937. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, Ferrière was also chosen on several occasions by
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In addition, Ferrière worked with Jebb to found the
International Union for Child Welfare (IUCW), of which she became the assistant secretary-general. The women developed such a close relationship that Jebb called Ferrière her "international sister".
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in her capacity as secretary-general of the IMS and upon her return doubled down on her pledges to support refugees in their quest for safe havens. However, the ICRC's top leaders once more opposed her recommendations.
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791:. Translated by Fletcher, John; Fletcher, Beryl. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–19, 24, 29, 35, 39–40, 48, 50, 57–59, 64, 68, 79, 88, 101, 107–108, 115, 117, 186, 225, 227, 243, 248, 286–287.
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In her capacities as a leading representative for the ICRC, the IUCW, and the IMS, Ferrière conducted a number of missions to foreign countries during the 1920s. In
January and February 1921, she went to
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The IPWA mandate was based on resolution VI of the 9th Red Cross movement conference of
Washington in 1912 and hence limited to military personnel. However, Ferrière's uncle, the committee member and
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and Germany. In September 1919, Ferrière arranged a meeting between her uncle Frederic and Jebb, who explained her goal to create a neutral international institution for the administration of
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611:«the two women in the meeting, Suzanne Ferrière and Renée-Marguerite Frick-Cramer, stated that the ICRC should at least do everything to give news to the families of the inmates.»
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Starting from December 1923, Ferrière toured Latin America for ten months as a delegate of the ICRC to visit the newly founded national red ross societies, crossing over the
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class of Geneva and joined the IPWA because of male relatives in high ICRC positions, which was all-male for more than half century. This group included female pioneers like
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644:. Ferrière succeeded her late uncle Frédéric Ferrière and became the director of the department for missing civilians. She also instituted a new family messaging system.
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hosts. In late 1938, Ferrière started an initiative in aid of Jewish refugees in various countries, but faced internal opposition. In February 1939, she visited
652:. While a large majority of the ICRC's about two dozen members at its general assembly on 14 October 1942—especially its female members Ferrière, Frick-Cramer,
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485:-stricken region. From September until December of that year, she explored the conditions in Ukraine as well. In April 1923, she visited the French-occupied
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London to Geneva in the following year. Ferrière became its secretary-general and especially advocated for an international socio-legal framework for
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1211:
Méthode Jaques-Dalcroze: Exercices de plastique animée – En collaboration pour le classement des exercices et principes avec Mlle Suzanne Ferrière
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of all-male founders and earliest members of the ICRC founders in 1914, including Ferrière's uncle (bottom center), Marguerite Cramer's uncle
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In September 1935, during a meeting of the ICRC leadership in which the upcoming visit of an ICRC delegation to Nazi Germany was discussed,
528:. After her travels, Ferrière continually stressed the social role that women played in those countries. In May 1929, Ferrière visited the
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poured into the little House of the Red Cross in Geneva, the only international rallying point that still remained. Isolated, like stormy
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1587:"Fonds: Union internationale de secours aux enfants – UISE – Union internationale de protection de l'enfance – UIPE – Série 107 / 123"
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1545:"Fonds: Union internationale de secours aux enfants – UISE – Union internationale de protection de l'enfance – UIPE – Série 35 / 123"
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1918:
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in her capacity as assistant secretary-general of the IUCW. In January and February 1922, she likewise travelled to Moscow and
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1277:"Romain Rolland et la Croix-Rouge: Romain Rolland, Collaborateur de l'Agence internationale des prisonniers de guerre"
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during those two decades. She was its first female member and served as its expert on social and humanitarian issues.
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1485:
Suzanne Ferriere (d 1970), ICRC, IUCW, Save the Children Fund supporter, SCF/P/2/2 page 204, Cadbury Research Library
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1966:
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343:
1943:
1395:
A History of the development of Dalcroze in the United States and its influence on the public school music program
189:
425:
138:
874:
254:
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Le Dr Frédéric Ferrière. Son action à la Croix-Rouge internationale en faveur des civils victimes de la guerre
223:
763:(in French). Geneva: Université de Genève, faculté des lettres, département d'histoire. pp. 24, 160–162.
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The International Prisoners-of-War Agency (IWPA) was re-activated two weeks after the beginning of the
202:
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within the ICRC leadership gradually lost influence vis-à-vis the "pragmatists" led by ICRC president
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courses he tested many of his pedagogical ideas. In 1910, he left and established his own academy in
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Suzanne Ferrière's father Louis (1842–1928) was a pastor as well, who supported the philanthropic
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1989:
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Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge et Bulletin international des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge
1914:
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Des élites au service d'une cause humanitaire : le Comité International de la Croix-Rouge
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from a prominent Genevan family. As only the third female member of the governing body of the
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1981:
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quarter, where the family was traditionally based. In 1904, she finished school at Geneva's
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and to re-establish communications with their respective families. The Austrian writer and
1512:"The Role of the International Social Service in the History of Private International Law"
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2028:– in French, dated 15 October 1938 – from Burckhardt's bequest at the library of the
1993:
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1610:)&m=107&order=NATIVE('CDOCA,NUMSER')&type=SERIE&start=101 Archived
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honorary member of the ICRC, were members of that team. However, their faction of
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Fund (SCF) organisation at the end of the war to relieve the effects of famine in
314:
described the situation in 1914 at the Geneva headquarters of the ICRC as follows:
1060:"Chronique locale: Promotions — Ecole secondaire et supérieure des jeunes filles"
108:
she became an outspoken advocate inside the ICRC leadership to publicly denounce
1560:)&m=35&order=NATIVE('CDOCA,NUMSER')&type=SERIE&start=51 Archived
653:
561:
474:
347:
149:
1911:
Schweizer Aluminium für Hitlers Krieg? Zur Geschichte der "Alusuisse" 1918–1950
279:
1985:
1703:
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Feminism and Voluntary Action: Eglantyne Jebb and Save the Children, 1876–1928
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as the Central Agency for Prisoners of War, now based on the mandate from the
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319:
263:(MAH) to celebrate the cenentiary of the city's and canton's admission to the
235:
161:
1416:. East Lansing: Michigan State University. Department of Theatre. p. 48.
222:
In subsequent years, Suzanne Ferrière became a student of the Swiss composer
156:
and the border with Switzerland, around 1700. From there they arrived in the
2043:
1414:
Dalcroze Eurhythmics and Rhythm Training for Actors in American Universities
681:
525:
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pastors, it seems plausible that they escaped repressions which arose after
1940:
OUPblog. Oxford University Press's Academic Insights for the Thinking World
1264:. Translated by Eden, Paul; Cedar, Paul. New York: T. Seltzer. p. 268.
660:—was in favour of a public protest, Burckhardt and Switzerland's President
724:«a warmhearted woman who had devoted her life to her fellow men with calm
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After her return to Switzerland in 1918 Ferrière volunteered in the ICRC
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Germany after her marriage and therefore stepped down in late 1922, the
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to the Agency. Most of the staff were women. Some of them came from the
1935:
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In May 1914, Ferrière co-directed a eurythmic performance in the great
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201:, and her older sister Adolphine was married to his younger brother
197:. His wife Hedwig Marie Therese, née Faber (1859–1928), hailed from
819:
Humanitarians at War. The Red Cross in the Shadow of the Holocaust
677:
537:
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132:
905:"Family tree of Adolphine _ , Thérèse, Caroline, Katharine Faber"
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to be part of the delegation that represented Switzerland at the
509:
486:
453:
1461:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 173, 218, 257–258.
1333:(in French). Geneva: Editions Suzerenne, Sarl. pp. 27–41.
1001:"Family tree of Louise _Susanne_[ Ferrière ] Ferriere"
709:
the IMS/ISS, but remained an adviser of the organisation.
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Eglantyne Jebb, a close associate of Ferrière, around 1920
283:
Ferrière (right) at the IWPA from the collections of the
2034:
1354:"Death of Miss S. Ferriere, Honorary Member of the ICRC"
821:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 39, 44, 47.
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When she died in March 1970 at the age of 83 years, the
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of Geneva, amongst them the French writer and pacifist
330:
By the end of the same year, the Agency had some 1,200
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from her later years in the ICRC Audiovisual Archives
2026:
Letter from Suzanne Ferrière to Carl Jacob Burckhardt
1429:
Women Music Educators in the United States: A History
1103:(in German). Opladen: Leske + Budrich. p. 332.
176:. In 1781, the family obtained Genevan citizenship.
160:
some forty years later. Since they were a family of
970:"Family tree of Anna [ Ferrière ] Ferriere"
144:The Ferrière family reportedly originated from the
39:
23:
540:to evaluate the situation with regard to the many
452:In 1920, Ferrière also played a key role when the
1431:. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press. p. 246.
1184:"Methode Jaques-Dalcroze (MJD) – Orff-Schulwerk"
496:on donkey-back. The trip led her from Brazil to
216:Ecole secondaire et supérieure des jeunes filles
1844:"Die Delegation für die Völkerbundsversammlung"
875:"Family tree of Hedwige _ , Marie, Thérese, C."
844:"Généalogie de la famille Ferrière (de Genève)"
1818:Journal et Feuille d'Avis du Valais et du Sion
1225:"La fête de juin - les débuts de la rythmique"
1162:. Lausanne: L'AGE D'HOMME. pp. 118, 185.
172:, which had restored some civil rights to the
88:Ferrière also contributed to establishing the
939:"Family tree of Anne Suzanne (Lili) Ferriere"
8:
183:Ferrière in Hellerau (1911) (2nd from right)
137:Ferrière doing eurhythmics (1910), photo by
1213:. Lausanne: Jobin & Cie, Sandoz, Jobin.
81:(ICRC), she helped to pave the way towards
1852:(in German). Vol. 145. 24 June 1939.
1044:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:
20:
481:in Russia to assess the situation in the
79:International Committee of the Red Cross
2056:
1631:"Les Croix-Rouges de l'Amérique du Sud"
1275:Schazmann, Paul-Emile (February 1955).
742:
619:only recorded a "mild critique" to its
440:(bottom left), and Lucie Odier's uncle
1692:Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge
1638:Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge
1037:
295:in 1914, the ICRC under its president
1890:from the original on 3 September 2021
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1794:from the original on 3 September 2021
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1361:International Review of the Red Cross
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1284:International Review of the Red Cross
1239:from the original on 3 September 2021
1139:from the original on 5 September 2021
1125:"Institut Jaques-Dalcroze à Hellerau"
1074:from the original on 5 September 2021
718:International Review of the Red Cross
577:Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
301:International Prisoners-of-War Agency
102:International Union for Child Welfare
90:Save the Children International Union
62:– 13 March 1970, Geneva) was a Swiss
7:
1876:"La Suisse à la Société des nations"
1629:Ferrière, Suzanne (September 1924).
1261:Romain Rolland; the man and his work
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2039:Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland
1934:Steinacher, Gerald (29 July 2017).
1522:from the original on 12 August 2021
1032:Bâtir la campagne: Genève 1800–1860
397:section and thus came to know with
1946:from the original on 28 April 2021
1683:Ferrière, Suzanne (January 1930).
1310:from the original on 23 April 2021
1160:Emile Jaques-Dalcroze et son temps
575:in Geneva. Motta headed the Swiss
291:Shortly after the outbreak of the
232:Conservatoire de Musique de Genève
14:
2003:from the original on 29 June 2021
1780:"La délégation suisse à la S.D.N"
1721:from the original on 30 June 2021
1492:from the original on 15 July 2021
1374:from the original on 30 June 2021
454:Young Women Christian Association
346:for 1915, he donated half of the
129:Family background and early years
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2059:
1760:from the original on 9 July 2021
1664:from the original on 9 July 2021
1612:from the original on 9 July 2021
1562:from the original on 9 July 2021
1516:International Social Service USA
1482:George, Anne (9 February 2017),
1190:from the original on 9 July 2021
1011:from the original on 9 July 2021
980:from the original on 9 July 2021
949:from the original on 9 July 2021
915:from the original on 9 July 2021
884:from the original on 9 July 2021
854:from the original on 9 July 2021
152:in Eastern France, close to the
45:
1965:Odier, Lucie (September 1943).
1936:"The Red Cross in Nazi Germany"
1209:Jaques-Dalcroze, Émile (1917).
789:The Red Cross and the Holocaust
615:However, the delegation led by
377:and became its first director.
2037:in the Dodis data bank of the
1097:Kamp, Johannes-Martin (1995).
370:she founded still in 1915 the
16:Swiss humanitarian (1886–1970)
1:
1790:(109): 2. 13 September 1938.
1595:Les Archives d'Etat de Genève
1549:Les Archives d'Etat de Genève
1510:Banu, Roxana (3 March 2021).
1427:Wieland Howe, Sondra (2014).
401:(1876–1928). Jebb, a British
248:exercices de plastique animée
1488:, Cadbury Research Library,
1393:Becknell, Arthur F. (1970).
848:archives-ferriere.nexgate.ch
664:firmly denied that request.
195:social Christianity movement
94:International Social Service
56:Anne Suzanne "Lili" Ferrière
1913:(in German). Munich: Beck.
817:Steinacher, Gerald (2017).
787:Favez, Jean-Claude (1999).
542:Armenian genocide survivors
444:(left, second row from top)
372:New York Dalcroze School of
190:Union nationale évangélique
2125:
2044:Portrait photo of Ferrière
1329:Ferrière, Adolphe (1948).
1158:Berchtold, Alfred (2000).
344:Nobel Prize for Literature
342:. When he was awarded the
1986:10.1017/S1026881200015919
1704:10.1017/S1026881200043543
1650:10.1017/S1026881200073402
1296:10.1017/S1026881200125735
759:Fiscalini, Diego (1985).
565:Pauline Chaponnière-Chaix
260:Musée d’art et d’histoire
168:in 1685 revoked the 1598
44:
30:
1849:Neue Zürcher Nachrichten
1814:"Congres Internationaux"
1135:(162): 5. 15 July 1913.
1030:El Wakil, Leila (1989).
362:, and Suzanne Ferrière.
1909:Rauh, Cornelia (2009).
1820:: 2. 6 September 1937.
1412:Thomas, Nathan (1995).
1367:: 210–211. April 1970.
1235:(108): 4. 12 May 1914.
544:who newly arrived from
226:, who was Professor of
1457:Mahood, Linda (2009).
1399:University of Michigan
1258:Zweig, Stefan (1921).
1084:e-newspaperarchives.ch
734:
642:1929 Geneva Convention
613:
445:
423:
390:
381:Between the World Wars
360:Marguerite van Berchem
328:
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1756:: 15. 17 March 1970.
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617:Carl Jacob Burckhardt
609:
428:
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316:
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224:Émile Jaques-Dalcroze
182:
136:
85:in the organisation.
1967:"Mission en Afrique"
1229:La Tribune de Genève
1129:La Tribune de Genève
1070:(155). 7 July 1904.
1064:La Tribune de Genève
999:Ferrière, François.
968:Ferrière, François.
937:Ferrière, François.
903:Ferrière, François.
873:Ferrière, François.
842:Ferrière, François.
68:Dalcroze eurhythmics
2109:Red Cross personnel
2030:University of Basel
1886:: 6. 24 June 1939.
1401:. pp. 152–162.
265:Swiss Confederation
234:since 1892. In his
139:Frédéric Boissonnas
118:concentration camps
2104:People from Geneva
1746:"Suzanne Ferrière"
462:family maintenance
446:
405:, had founded the
391:
334:who worked in the
289:
185:
158:republic of Geneva
142:
1750:Journal de Genève
1685:"Voyage en Syrie"
828:978-0-19-870493-5
720:honoured her as a
573:League of Nations
489:area of Germany.
407:Save the Children
356:Marguerite Cramer
209:part of Geneva's
53:
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2035:Suzanne Ferrière
2013:
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1980:(297): 730–743.
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2066:Switzerland
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1860:3 September
1828:3 September
1798:3 September
1243:3 September
1143:5 September
1078:5 September
654:Lucie Odier
562:suffragette
475:Scandinavia
348:prize money
2088:Categories
1880:La Liberté
798:2735108384
737:References
588:Nazi Party
336:Musée Rath
332:volunteers
207:Florissant
162:Protestant
100:, and the
2078:Biography
1994:145075925
1764:7 October
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1526:13 August
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694:Salisbury
682:Jerusalem
602:Max Huber
598:idealists
526:Venezuela
504:, Chile,
498:Argentina
352:Patrician
320:telegrams
255:vestibule
174:Huguenots
166:Louis XIV
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1998:Archived
1944:Archived
1888:Archived
1854:Archived
1822:Archived
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714:obituary
670:Istanbul
586:and his
558:feminist
518:Colombia
464:claims.
309:pacifist
240:Hellerau
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193:and the
150:Besançon
146:Normandy
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2052:Portals
2007:30 June
1950:30 June
1784:Le Jura
1725:30 June
1668:30 June
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479:Saratov
434:collage
324:petrels
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554:nurse
538:Syria
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2009:2021
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