1469:(ECE), a Suzuki Early Childhood Education (SECE) curriculum for (pre-instrumental) ECE was developed within the Suzuki philosophy by Dorothy & Sharon Jones (SAA), Jeong Cheol Wong (ASA), Emma O'Keefe (PPSA), Anke van der Bijl (ESA), and Yasuyo Matsui (TERI). The SECE curriculum is designed for ages 0–3 and uses singing, nursery rhymes, percussion, audio recordings, and whole body movements in a group setting where children and their adult caregivers participate side by side. The Japanese based SECE curriculum is different from the English-based SECE curriculum. The English-based curriculum is currently being adapted for use in other languages.
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the lever harp will find some of the pieces in the later books to have challenging lever changes. This series ultimately leads to more in-depth study of the pedal harp and its repertoire and teaches more of a classical style technique. Those pursuing traditional Celtic music can use this as a foundation, however, the traditional style of teaching focuses on relying on the ear rather than on the written note. Repertoire for volume six is selected, though the music is not published in a single book.
1637:. Raising children with "noble hearts" (inspired by great music and diligent study) was one of his primary goals; he believed that people raised and "nurtured by love" in his method would grow up to achieve better things than war. One of his students during this post-1945 period was violinist Hidetaro Suzuki, no relation, who later became a veteran of international violin competitions (Tchaikovsky, Queen Elizabeth, Montreal International) and then the longtime concertmaster of the
817:; repertoire (group) classes; teacher training courses; concerts; discussion sessions; seminars; and various 'enrichment' classes in different musical styles, instruments, or non-musical (usually arts, crafts, or dancing) activities. As at any music festival, participants must pay registration and tuition fees to the institute they are attending. Each national Suzuki association handles registration for teacher training, and policies differ from country to country.
1057:) almost directly from the first three violin volumes, and the rest differ significantly as they delve into standard viola literature. The viola books introduce shifting and work in higher positions earlier than the violin volumes, in anticipation of viola students being asked to play in ensembles sooner in their studies than violinists, and needing these skills to better handle orchestral or chamber music parts (Preucil, 1985). Volumes 4 to 8 include works by
798:. Curved-headjoint flutes with displaced keys (which are closer together than normal flute keys) and holes are also available, making it possible for children as young as three to study the flute. Height-adjustable chairs, benches, and footrests are used for piano, guitar, cello, and double bass. Fractional-sized student violins were already available when Suzuki began to teach, but the popularity of the method prompted
787:. Suzuki believed that the advent of recording technology made it possible for large numbers of "ordinary" people whose parents were not themselves great musicians and music teachers to be surrounded with excellent performances from birth. The Suzuki method requires daily listening in the home from before birth if possible and the implementation of a beginner's repertoire alongside recordings of advanced repertoire.
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854:-playing over technical exercises and asked teachers to allow students to make music from the beginning, helping to motivate young children with short, attractive songs which can themselves be used as technique building exercises. Each song in the common repertoire is meant to introduce some new or higher level of technique than the previous selection.
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Beethoven, Bach, Tcherepnin, Tchaikovsky, Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Daquin, Grieg, Granados, Villa-Lobos, Scarlatti, Handel, Bartók, and
Debussy. Many pieces from the original books remain; some have been moved to another volume. Book and CD combinations for the revised volumes 4 to 7 were performed by Japanese concert artist Seizo Azuma.
1603:". His father felt that instrumental performance was beneath his son's social status, and refused to allow him to study the instrument. At age 17, he began to teach himself by ear, since no formal training was allowed to him. Eventually he convinced his father to allow him to study with a violin teacher in Tokyo. (Suzuki,
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is defined as the student's ability to produce and recognize a beautiful, ringing tone quality on their instrument. This term was coined by Suzuki and is based on the word "vocalization." While initially developed for violin education, the tonalization technique has been applied to other instruments,
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Trumpet was added to the
International Suzuki Association's list of Suzuki Method instruments in 2011. The application of Suzuki's teaching philosophy to the trumpet is currently being researched in Sweden; the first Trumpet teacher training course to be offered by the European Suzuki Association in
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The harp repertoire is in five volumes. These books are suitable for learning to read and play music on the pedal harp or the lever harp (folk harp, Irish/Celtic harp, etc. that preferably has 30 or more strings). Most of the music is arrangements of either folk music or classical music. Students of
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There are eight volumes of recorder repertoire for both soprano and alto recorder. The recorder repertoire shares some early repertoire with other instruments, such as "Twinkle
Twinkle Little Star" and several Bach Minuets. Later books delve into more complex Renaissance and Baroque music, including
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Although Suzuki was a violinist, the method he founded is not a "school of violin playing" whose students can be identified by the set of techniques they use to play the violin. However, some of the technical concepts Suzuki taught his own students, such as the development of "tonalization," were so
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series, with the first three volumes also available on recordings. Nine volumes are planned and being compiled and edited by Dr. S Daniel Swaim (SAA, Chair), Virginia Dixon (SAA), Michael
Fanelli (SAA), Domenick Fiore (SAA), and Eugene Rebeck (SAA). The first two volumes contain arrangements of the
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The New
International Edition adds some more recent compositions to the books, such as the music of Béla Bartók. Revised versions of the piano books have now been published. The new volumes are collections of piano repertoire from all eras representing works by composers such as Mozart, Burgmüller,
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for all students of an instrument was established. This body of music is designed to allow each student to participate in group classes, help foster local and international musical community and camaraderie, and provide motivation for students to learn new music while keeping the 'old' pieces they
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were established to encourage a musical community, train teachers, and provide a place where master teachers' ideas can be spread to the whole community of Suzuki students, teachers and parents. These short term music festivals began in
Matsumoto, Japan, where teachers & students came to learn
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Suzuki believed that teachers who test for musical aptitude before taking students, or who look only for "talented" students, are limiting themselves to people who have already started their music education. Just as every child is expected to learn their native language, Suzuki expected every child
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books for each instrument, and Suzuki teachers supplement the repertoire common to each instrument as needed, particularly in the area of teaching reading. One of the innovations of the Suzuki method was to make professional recordings of beginner level pieces widely available. Many non-Suzuki
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Eventually, the center of the Suzuki movement in education was established as the Talent
Education Research Institute (TERI) in Matsumoto. TERI hosts thousands of people each year—students, parents, teachers, (and teacher trainees). Other organizations have sprung up all over the world to help
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The Suzuki violin repertoire is currently in the process of being revised by the
International Suzuki Association, and as part of the revision process, each regional Suzuki Association provides a recommended list of supplemental repertoire appropriate for students in volumes 6 to 8. The Suzuki
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The voice repertoire is in five Levels. Developed in
Finland since 1986, the vocal repertoire of the Suzuki method has spread to over 20 countries including The United States, Australia, Europe, Asia and New Zealand. Teacher training courses are scheduled yearly in Europe, US and Australia.
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Retaining and reviewing every piece of music ever learned is also strongly encouraged. This is intended to raise technical and musical ability. Review pieces, along with "preview" parts of music a student is yet to learn, are often used in place of the more traditional
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The piano method is in seven volumes. The first volume begins with
Variations on "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" (as with the violin books) and continues with many folk songs and contemporary songs. As one progresses to the second volume, there are pieces written by
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including the piano. Suzuki believed that a student must learn tonalization in order to properly reproduce and perform music. Outside the Suzuki method, the term used is "tone production," and is part of Western music education stretching back to its beginning.
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repertoire was compiled through a collaborative process involving teachers from the United States, Europe and Australia, and edited by Frank Longay. The nine volumes begin with Twinkle Variations and many folk songs, and adds pieces originally written for the
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The method is meant to discourage competition between players and advocate collaboration and mutual encouragement for those of every ability and level. However, this does not mean the complete elimination of auditions or evaluations of student performances.
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Suzuki observed that children speak before learning to read, and thought that children should also be able to play music before learning to read. To support learning by ear, students are expected to listen to recordings of the music they are learning daily.
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Suzuki teaching uses a common core repertoire for students of the same instrument worldwide. Although it focuses on Western European "classical" music, it emphasizes that this music can be a bridge across cultural and language barriers.
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The cello method is in ten volumes, with some early pieces arranged from the early violin volumes. The first piece unique to the cello repertoire is the second overall: "French Folk Song". The first four volumes have been performed by
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The parent of the young student is expected to supervise instrument practice every day to attend and take notes at every lesson so they can coach the student effectively, an element of the method once dubbed "The Mom-Centric Method."
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Variations. Music in book one is performed by Frank Longay and Bill Kossler, with books two through four recorded by Seth Himmelhoch, Andrew LaFrenier, and Louis Brown. George Sakellariou has recorded books five, six and seven and
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The Suzuki method does not include a formal plan or prescribe specific materials for introducing music theory and reading, in part because Suzuki created the method in a culture where music literacy was routinely taught in schools.
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oversee the movement and train teachers. These include the Asia Suzuki Association, the Suzuki Association of the Americas, the European Suzuki Association (which is currently assisting in the beginnings of the Suzuki movement in
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repertoire was compiled and edited by Gunilla Rönnberg and Lars Hagström beginning in 1998. As of 2019, eight volumes have been published. As of 2011, an active Suzuki-training organ scheme is under way in the Australian city of
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violin concertos respectively, they have readily-available recordings by various violinists. Completing the 10 volumes is not the end of the Suzuki journey, as many Suzuki violin teachers traditionally continue with the
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Suzuki believed in training musicians not only to be better musicians, but also to be better teachers. Suzuki Associations worldwide offer ongoing teacher-training programs to prospective and continuing Suzuki teachers.
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to meet the demands of a small child's body in various ways. This lowers the age at which people are anatomically ready to begin studying an instrument. Scaled-down instrument sizes are used for children studying
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of music not originally written for violin, although the first volume contains several original compositions by Suzuki for violin and piano. These arrangements are drawn from folk tunes and from composers such as
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hosted Suzuki in Seattle. The majority of American Suzuki pedagogues and teaching methods are grounded in the Suzuki-Kendall system. Other pioneers of the Suzuki Method in the US include Clifford Cook,
993:, Yukari Tate and Suzuki himself. Revised editions and recordings of the first four volumes were released in 2007 and recorded by William Preucil, Jr. Recordings for volumes 5 to 8 have been made by
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essential to his way of teaching that they have been carried over into the entire method. Other non-instrument specific techniques are used to implement the basic elements of the philosophy in each
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581:. Suzuki believed that every child, if properly taught, was capable of a high level of musical achievement. He also made it clear that the goal of such musical education was to raise
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traditional Suzuki violin pieces mixed in with some new arrangements of other pieces. Volume 3 contains some new transcriptions of jazz, Gaelic, and folk songs; plus works by
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Suzuki literature also deliberately leaves out many technical instructions and exercises found in the beginners' music books of his day. He favored a focus on melodic
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A "modified" Suzuki philosophy curriculum has been developed to apply Suzuki teaching to heterogeneous instrumental music classes & string orchestras in schools.
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brought the Suzuki method, along with adaptations to better fit the requirements of the American classroom, to the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s (
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Supplementary materials are also published under the Suzuki name, including some etudes, note-reading books, piano accompaniment parts, guitar accompaniment parts,
601:. The essential components of his method spring from the desire to create the "right environment" for learning music, which he also believed would foster excellent
635:, developing friendships with other music students, and listening to recordings of professional musicians in the home every day, starting before birth if possible
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if the learning steps were small enough and the instrument was scaled down to fit their body. He modeled his method, which he called "Talent Education"
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1599:. Gripped by the beauty of the music, he immediately picked up a violin from his father's factory and began to teach himself to play the instrument "
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This article is about the mid-20th century music curriculum and teaching method. For the similarly titled Gorillaz song, Left Hand Suzuki Method, see
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books. Traditional etudes and technical studies are not used in the beginning stages, which focus almost exclusively on a set of performance pieces.
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is another technique common to all the musical instruments taught in the Suzuki method. Pre-recorded music is used to help students learn notes,
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in the second book. The third book is early intermediate level with several sonatinas and beginning with Sonatina in C Major, Op. 36, No. 1 by
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from the young age, which is usually referred to "mother-tongue" method. Suzuki believed that this environment would also help to foster good
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At age 22, Suzuki travelled to Germany to find a violin teacher to continue his studies. While there, he studied privately with
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The central belief of Suzuki, based on his language acquisition theories, is that all people can (and will) learn from their
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and released in 2020. Audio recordings for the first four volumes are also available in separate albums by artists such as
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Suzuki believed that children should typically start formal instruction between the ages of three and five years old. (See
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The application of Suzuki's teaching philosophy to the mandolin is currently being researched in Italy by Amelia Saracco.
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1210:" by Beethoven and includes the Sonata in C Major, Hob. XVI/35 by Franz Joseph Haydn. The sixth book begins with the
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instruction in intense Baroque ornamentation along with 17th-century Dutch and Italian articulation techniques.
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9. Frequent public performance makes performing feel like a natural and enjoyable part of being a musician.
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The American Suzuki Institute at the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point: The Suzuki Method in Action
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The flute repertoire was compiled and edited by Toshio Takahashi in fourteen volumes. It begins with
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Association of the Americas' supplemental repertoire list includes pieces by composers such as Bach,
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Azzi, A (2006). "Leonor Michaelis and Music: Transcript of a Conversation with Kunio Yagi in 1986".
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There are no official recordings of volumes 9 and 10. However, since these volumes contain Mozart's
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Meyer, Constance (2003-09-07). The Mom-centric method. LA Times, 7 September 2003. Retrieved from
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in nine volumes. Like the violin repertoire, much of the viola repertoire is drawn from the
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The violin method was compiled and edited by Suzuki in ten volumes, beginning with Suzuki's
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Preucil, William & Doris (November, 1985). "The Evolution of the Suzuki Viola School".
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2022:. Western Springs School of Talent Education Publications, Western Springs, IL, 1998.
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Lieb, Allen; Cole, Ronda; Fink, Lorraine; Kimmett, Karen; Reuning, Sandy (May 2013).
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2055:. Suzuki Association of the Americas Website, May 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
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Teaching from the Balance Point: A Guide for Suzuki Teachers, Parents, and Students
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Barber, Barbara (Autumn, 1991). "Traditional & Suzuki Teaching: A Comparison".
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Suzuki Talent Education Association of Australia (Vic) Inc., (Copyright 2005).
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Suggested Supplementary Repertoire for Suzuki Violin School Volumes 6, 7 & 8
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Bradley, Jane (Spring 2005). "When to Twinkle – Are Children Ever Too Young?".
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in the Renaissance, and spanning all musical time periods, including pieces by
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from Suzuki. In the US, they often last for a week or two and include daily
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1881:"Suggested Supplementary Repertoire for Revised Violin Books 6, 7 & 8"
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trained music teachers also use the Suzuki repertoire to supplement their
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Kristian Bush talks about music, the Suzuki Method, and Southern Gravity
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https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-sep-07-ca-meyer7-story.html
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2157:: An online collection documenting Suzuki and his teaching methodology.
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Learning with Sound Recordings: A History of Suzuki’s Mediated Pedagogy
2042:. Produced by The Cleveland Institute of Music. Telos Productions, Inc.
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The focus on memorization continues even after a student begins to use
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of children with "noble hearts" as opposed to creating famous musical
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Lavie, Karen (Summer, 2005). "On Gastronomy and Tonalization."
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Rather than focusing on a specific instrument, at the stage of
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Meyer, Constance (2003, 7 September). The Mom-Centric Method.
2013:
International Suzuki Association: Regional Suzuki Associations
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179:
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36:
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518:
violin salesman. Suzuki noticed that children pick up their
287:
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The first four volumes have been recorded on two albums by
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The Suzuki Method was conceived in the mid-20th century by
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instead. In his youth, Shin'ichi Suzuki chanced to hear a
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Early childhood education (SECE) and Suzuki in the schools
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concertos, along with pieces from other composers such as
715:
8. Regular playing in groups (including playing pieces in
2047:
Journal of the American Viola Society Vol. 1, #2, pp18-20
1861:
1001:
made a complete set of recordings of volumes 1 to 8 for
530:, they might have the ability to become proficient on a
268:
A group of Suzuki method students performing on violins.
1980:. Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., New York, NY, 2000,
1625:
In 1945, Suzuki began his Talent Education movement in
1053:
period. The first three volumes have been arranged (or
203:
2040:
Nurtured by Love: The life and work of Shinichi Suzuki
1753:"The Suzuki Method | International Suzuki Association"
1109:. Volumes 4 to 10 contain works by composers such as
639:
2. Deliberate avoidance of musical aptitude tests or
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Nurtured By Love: A New Approach to Talent Education
214:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
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6. Memorization of all solo repertoire is expected.
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1096:, and the rest are available in separate albums.
1908:"Book Status (12/14/16) » Suzuki Harp Info"
1246:Currently there are five printed volumes in the
1214:by Mozart, and the seventh book begins with the
2027:New Zealand Suzuki Journal Vol. 16, #4, pp. 5–6
1571:In the late 19th century, Japan's borders were
570:
1834:"Suzuki Method - New Zealand Suzuki Institute"
1406:recorded books 8 and 9, with the exception of
673:5. The beginning of teaching is emphasized by
631:This includes attending local classical music
564:
4964:
2214:
1275:. Famous pieces include: "The Elephant" from
652:3. Emphasis on playing from a very young age.
456:
8:
4887:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1045:The viola method was compiled and edited by
498:. The method claims to create a reinforcing
2099:Suzuki Association of the Americas Website
1992:Shinichi Suzuki: The Man and his Philosophy
834:The core Suzuki literature is published on
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1575:, and in particular to the importation of
1206:by J.S. Bach. The fifth book begins with "
881:The first three volumes are mostly graded
463:
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271:
2005:International Suzuki Association Website
1657:Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
1559:Learn how and when to remove this message
981:The first three volumes were recorded by
706:and note reading are left to the teacher.
252:Learn how and when to remove this message
234:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
2115:https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429418756879
1971:American Suzuki Journal Vol. 33, #3, p53
1688:, Anastasia Jempelis, and Margery Aber.
502:for learning music for young learners.
1744:
279:
2111:Journal of Research in Music Education
1994:. Warner Brothers Publications, 1981,
1573:opened to trade with the outside world
802:to scale violins down to even smaller
522:quickly, whereas adults consider even
195:contains content that is written like
1595:'s Ave Maria, as played on violin by
557:age children could learn to play the
29:Gorillaz (album) § Track listing
7:
2097:Suzuki Teacher Training for Trumpet.
1541:adding citations to reliable sources
1218:by Mozart. This book also includes "
106:adding citations to reliable sources
4933:
2147:Talent Education Research Institute
1505:arrangements of Suzuki repertoire.
1283:by Beethoven, and "Largo" from the
648:to be able to learn to play music.
2137:Suzuki Association of the Americas
1888:Suzuki Association of the Americas
1814:Suzuki Association of the Americas
1299:and ends in the Flute Concerto by
25:
2080:Ability Development from Age Zero
1410:in book 9, which was recorded by
553:Suzuki pioneered the idea that a
52:This article has multiple issues.
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2127:International Suzuki Association
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1303:. Also included are concerti by
577:, after his theories of natural
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2093:. Retrieved November 29, 2008.
1868:. New Zealand Suzuki Institute.
1639:Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra
1528:needs additional citations for
1319:. Students also study music by
664:4. Using well-trained teachers.
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
4603:Federated States of Micronesia
3898:British Indian Ocean Territory
2151:Pan-Pacific Suzuki Association
2142:Asia Region Suzuki Association
2015:. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
1978:The Mozart Effect for Children
1676:, Elizabeth and Harlow Mills,
657:
534:. Suzuki decided to develop a
1:
2082:. Warner bros. Publication,
1182:composers, such as Schumann,
624:1. Saturation in the musical
389:International Association for
4571:United States Virgin Islands
2091:History of the Suzuki Method
2071:. Warner bros. Publication,
1862:"New Zealand Suzuki Journal"
620:. These components include:
4333:Education in North America
2191:Ben Sorensen's REAL Country
2132:European Suzuki Association
2058:Retrieved January 14, 2016.
2008:Retrieved January 14, 2016.
1733:Shinichi Suzuki (violinist)
1335:and other major composers.
1198:. The fourth book includes
872:Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
612:environment of acquiring a
571:
375:International organizations
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4783:Education in South America
2102:, Retrieved July 15, 2013.
1938:10.1177/000313138603600209
1866:New Zealand Suzuki Journal
538:after a conversation with
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2105:Thibeault, M. D. (2018).
2064:, Retrieved June 20, 2010
1780:10.1080/15216540600702230
1633:shortly after the end of
1467:early childhood education
1220:The Harmonious Blacksmith
825:have learned in top form.
719:) is strongly encouraged.
608:The method parallels the
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425:American Choral Directors
404:US national organizations
382:International Society for
4754:Northern Mariana Islands
4566:Turks and Caicos Islands
3647:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3243:Central African Republic
1408:Recuerdos de la Alhambra
432:American String Teachers
411:National Association for
5080:Philosophy of education
4719:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3908:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2172:considered for deletion
1964:American String Teacher
1926:American String Teacher
1810:"Building Noble Hearts"
1674:Roland and Almita Vamos
1583:, began to manufacture
1277:Carnival of the Animals
791:Instruments are adapted
542:, who was Professor of
418:Music Teachers National
4496:British Virgin Islands
4010:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1932:(2): 25–27. May 1986.
1720:Classical Music portal
1669:Seattle Youth Symphony
1485:Supplemental materials
1297:Mary Had a Little Lamb
1190:. There are also many
874:" and ending with two
479:is a mid-20th-century
335:Instructional settings
292:
269:
4697:and other territories
4436:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3403:São Tomé and Príncipe
3263:Republic of the Congo
2061:Suzuki Organ Website
2011:Kelly, Birte (2002).
1860:Lavie, Karen (2005).
698:to learn new pieces.
677:over reading written
675:learning music by ear
643:to begin music study.
291:
267:
216:neutral point of view
34:Music teaching method
4585:Education in Oceania
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796:stringed instruments
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548:University of Nagoya
487:created by Japanese
317:Dalcroze Eurhythmics
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4226:States with limited
3849:limited recognition
3478:States with limited
3177:Education by region
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2815:Teaching philosophy
2718:Pedagogical pattern
2661:21st century skills
2640:Religious education
2283:Aims and objectives
2078:Suzuki, Shinichi.
2067:Suzuki, Shinichi.
1922:"Marketplace, 1986"
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783:, and tone quality
300:Major methodologies
275:Part of a series on
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3581:Education in Asia
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2846:Learning resources
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2036:, Classical Music.
2018:Kreitman, Edward.
1641:. (Hermann, 1981)
1404:William Kanengiser
1285:New World Symphony
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1728:Blanche Ray Alden
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3514:Canary Islands
3510:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3102:
3095:
3094:
3083:
3078:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3020:
3019:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2963:
2962:
2958:Primary school
2952:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2918:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Cognitive load
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Evidence-based
2339:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2290:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2276:By perspective
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2121:External links
2119:
2118:
2117:
2103:
2094:
2087:
2084:Miami, Florida
2076:
2073:Miami, Florida
2065:
2059:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2003:
1988:
1976:Campell, Don.
1974:
1967:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1913:
1899:
1871:
1852:
1839:
1825:
1801:
1758:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1709:
1693:
1690:
1682:Louise Behrend
1663:Documentary).
1593:Franz Schubert
1567:
1566:
1549:September 2014
1525:
1523:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1503:string quartet
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1397:, and Yocoh's
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1292:
1289:
1243:
1240:
1196:Muzio Clementi
1170:
1167:
1101:
1098:
1042:
1039:
863:
860:
831:
828:
827:
826:
818:
807:
788:
763:
746:
743:
733:
730:
720:
713:
707:
700:
691:
688:
682:
671:
665:
662:
653:
650:
644:
637:
628:
622:
594:
591:
507:
504:
471:
470:
468:
467:
460:
453:
445:
442:
441:
437:
436:
429:
422:
415:
407:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
394:
393:
391:Jazz Education
386:
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
365:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
325:
324:
319:
314:
312:Orff Schulwerk
309:
303:
302:
299:
298:
295:
294:
284:
283:
277:
276:
260:
259:
242:
241:
224:September 2016
212:external links
192:
190:
183:
176:
175:
158:September 2014
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5092:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5014:Suzuki method
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5004:Kodály Method
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4980:Music methods
4974:
4969:
4967:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4939:
4931:
4929:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4889:
4884:
4882:
4881:French Guiana
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:New Caledonia
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Easter Island
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4463:
4457:
4456:United States
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Faroe Islands
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:South Ossetia
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Liechtenstein
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:South Ossetia
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:Guinea-Bissau
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3170:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3121:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3108:Undergraduate
3106:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3033:Middle school
3031:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3004:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2947:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Project-based
2796:
2794:
2793:Problem-based
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Demonstration
2751:
2749:
2748:Contemplative
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Homeschooling
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:Environmental
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:Instructional
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:Psychometrics
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:Suzuki method
2173:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:0-87487-589-7
1997:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1986:0-380-97782-6
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
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89:
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5013:
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4864:Dependencies
4695:Dependencies
4681:Cook Islands
4561:Sint Maarten
4541:Saint Martin
4255:Transnistria
3887:Dependencies
3817:Turkmenistan
3782:Saudi Arabia
3553:Saint Helena
3524:
3428:South Africa
3418:Sierra Leone
3223:Burkina Faso
3115:Postgraduate
2931:Kindergarten
2783:Personalized
2763:Experiential
2723:Teacher look
2432:Agricultural
2288:Anthropology
2195:
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1813:
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1774:(5–6): 378.
1771:
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1660:
1651:
1643:
1635:World War II
1624:
1619:
1609:
1604:
1597:Mischa Elman
1570:
1555:
1546:
1535:Please help
1530:verification
1527:
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1007:
991:David Cerone
987:David Nadien
980:
972:Shostakovich
956:
883:arrangements
880:
878:concertos.
865:
856:
849:
833:
821:
809:
806:than before.
800:violinmakers
790:
766:
759:Tonalization
758:
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735:
722:
709:
704:Music theory
693:
684:
667:
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630:
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572:sainō kyōiku
552:
544:Biochemistry
509:
476:
474:
352:Concert band
321:
248:
230:
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206:by removing
202:Please help
194:
164:
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138:
131:
124:
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100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
5009:Orff method
4938:WikiProject
4628:New Zealand
4531:Puerto Rico
4441:Saint Lucia
4391:El Salvador
4293:Isle of Man
4228:recognition
4202:Switzerland
4137:Netherlands
3946:Asia portal
3847:States with
3767:Philippines
3707:South Korea
3702:North Korea
3597:Afghanistan
3480:recognition
3433:South Sudan
3323:Ivory Coast
3039:High school
2836:Definitions
2713:Lesson plan
2602:Alternative
2507:Mathematics
2477:Engineering
1665:Vilem Sokol
1287:by Dvořák.
1269:Saint-Saëns
1267:, Webster,
1248:double bass
1115:Saint-Saëns
1071:Mendelssohn
1023:Mendelssohn
995:Koji Toyoda
983:Hilary Hahn
936:Dittersdorf
840:sheet music
765:The use of
696:sheet music
599:environment
583:generations
500:environment
434:Association
427:Association
420:Association
342:School band
5064:Categories
5020:Saxophone
4526:Montserrat
4521:Martinique
4516:Guadeloupe
4371:Costa Rica
4172:San Marino
4132:Montenegro
4112:Luxembourg
4092:Kazakhstan
3995:Azerbaijan
3827:Uzbekistan
3802:Tajikistan
3717:Kyrgyzstan
3697:Kazakhstan
3617:Bangladesh
3607:Azerbaijan
3535:(Portugal)
3493:Somaliland
3413:Seychelles
3378:Mozambique
3363:Mauritania
3348:Madagascar
3303:The Gambia
3238:Cape Verde
3091:Continuing
3081:Vocational
2686:Curriculum
2620:Democratic
2592:Vocational
2582:Technology
2542:Philosophy
2424:By subject
2402:Technology
2382:Psychology
2367:Philosophy
2357:Leadership
2298:Evaluation
2293:Assessment
1893:2024-01-30
1819:2023-04-03
1768:IUBMB Life
1739:References
1678:Betty Haag
1589:phonograph
1442:pipe organ
1281:Ode to Joy
1163:Boccherini
1155:Sammartini
1127:Goltermann
1055:transposed
908:Boccherini
868:Variations
845:curriculum
830:Repertoire
752:discipline
610:linguistic
593:Philosophy
506:Background
204:improve it
128:newspapers
57:improve it
4853:Venezuela
4798:Argentina
4598:Australia
4511:Greenland
4426:Nicaragua
4401:Guatemala
4283:Gibraltar
4107:Lithuania
3913:Hong Kong
3867:Palestine
3792:Sri Lanka
3787:Singapore
3667:Indonesia
3368:Mauritius
2924:Preschool
2824:Wikimedia
2562:Religious
2487:Euthenics
2472:Economics
2452:Chemistry
2442:Bilingual
2397:Sociology
2352:Inclusion
2332:Economics
2230:Education
2170:is being
1946:0003-1313
1627:Matsumoto
1447:Newcastle
1261:Beethoven
1208:Für Elise
1184:Beethoven
1151:van Goens
1063:Casadesus
896:Beethoven
745:Technique
641:auditions
626:community
603:character
587:prodigies
555:preschool
493:pedagogue
489:violinist
63:talk page
5075:Pedagogy
4995:General
4928:Category
4843:Suriname
4833:Paraguay
4818:Colombia
4613:Kiribati
4476:Anguilla
4411:Honduras
4381:Dominica
4356:Barbados
4303:Svalbard
4288:Guernsey
4235:Abkhazia
4187:Slovenia
4182:Slovakia
4157:Portugal
4015:Bulgaria
3936:Category
3857:Abkhazia
3807:Thailand
3762:Pakistan
3742:Mongolia
3737:Maldives
3732:Malaysia
3632:Cambodia
3559: /
3555: /
3548:(France)
3542: /
3520: /
3516: /
3468:Zimbabwe
3443:Tanzania
3293:Ethiopia
3288:Eswatini
3268:Djibouti
3233:Cameroon
3218:Botswana
2808:Socratic
2768:Feedback
2654:Concepts
2547:Physical
2517:Military
2497:Language
2447:Business
2387:Research
2377:Politics
2362:Pedagogy
2257:Glossary
2242:Overview
2163:template
1788:16754335
1692:See also
1581:Shamisen
1453:Mandolin
1379:Giuliani
1375:Carcassi
1339:Recorder
1309:Cimarosa
1226:and the
1059:Telemann
1035:Kreisler
960:Kreisler
928:Veracini
904:Paganini
777:dynamics
773:phrasing
633:concerts
524:dialects
516:Japanese
4848:Uruguay
4823:Ecuador
4803:Bolivia
4764:Tokelau
4663:Vanuatu
4506:Curaçao
4491:Bonaire
4486:Bermuda
4416:Jamaica
4396:Grenada
4351:Bahamas
4212:Ukraine
4162:Romania
4122:Moldova
4080:Ireland
4075:Iceland
4070:Hungary
4060:Germany
4055:Georgia
4045:Finland
4040:Estonia
4035:Denmark
4020:Croatia
4005:Belgium
4000:Belarus
3990:Austria
3985:Armenia
3980:Andorra
3975:Albania
3832:Vietnam
3747:Myanmar
3727:Lebanon
3657:Georgia
3612:Bahrain
3602:Armenia
3544:Réunion
3540:Mayotte
3531:Madeira
3526:(Spain)
3522:Melilla
3453:Tunisia
3423:Somalia
3408:Senegal
3393:Nigeria
3383:Namibia
3373:Morocco
3338:Liberia
3333:Lesotho
3283:Eritrea
3253:Comoros
3228:Burundi
3203:Algeria
3111:→
3086:Further
3041:→
3036:→
3018:→
2982:→
2977:→
2961:→
2934:→
2927:→
2773:Passive
2696:Studies
2577:Teacher
2567:Science
2557:Reading
2552:Physics
2527:Nursing
2512:Medical
2347:History
2267:Outline
2249:General
1957:Sources
1796:2802395
1667:of the
1585:violins
1476:Trumpet
1395:Mudarra
1391:Albéniz
1387:Tarrega
1367:Vivaldi
1192:minuets
1180:baroque
1139:Paradis
1111:Vivaldi
1079:Leclair
1075:Vivaldi
1051:Baroque
1027:Paradis
1014:D major
1010:A major
976:Copland
932:Corelli
920:Vivaldi
838:and in
546:at the
142:scholar
4828:Guyana
4808:Brazil
4739:Hawaii
4658:Tuvalu
4431:Panama
4421:Mexico
4366:Canada
4361:Belize
4298:Jersey
4240:Kosovo
4207:Turkey
4197:Sweden
4177:Serbia
4167:Russia
4152:Poland
4147:Norway
4127:Monaco
4097:Latvia
4065:Greece
4050:France
4025:Cyprus
3877:Taiwan
3812:Turkey
3777:Russia
3712:Kuwait
3692:Jordan
3682:Israel
3642:Cyprus
3627:Brunei
3622:Bhutan
3563:
3546:
3533:
3463:Zambia
3458:Uganda
3398:Rwanda
3353:Malawi
3313:Guinea
3208:Angola
3158:Portal
3118:
3077:
2980:Junior
2975:Infant
2880:Stages
2856:Quotes
2841:Images
2701:Theory
2691:Hidden
2587:Values
2492:Health
2467:Design
2392:Rights
2372:Policy
2182:Curlie
2176:
2167:Curlie
2086:, 1981
2075:, 1968
1998:
1984:
1944:
1794:
1786:
1647:Africa
1601:by ear
1501:, and
1399:Sakura
1348:Guitar
1329:Blavet
1325:Handel
1317:Quantz
1305:Mozart
1273:Dvořák
1271:, and
1257:Gossec
1253:Handel
1232:Bartók
1224:Handel
1143:Eccles
1131:Squire
1123:Breval
1119:Popper
1085:, and
1083:Hummel
1033:, and
1031:Mozart
968:Bartok
952:Fiocco
948:Mozart
944:Handel
940:Rameau
912:Brahms
900:Handel
892:Dvořák
876:Mozart
862:Violin
785:by ear
781:rhythm
717:unison
559:violin
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
5045:Other
4991:Flute
4813:Chile
4653:Tonga
4643:Samoa
4633:Palau
4623:Nauru
4481:Aruba
4406:Haiti
4273:Åland
4192:Spain
4117:Malta
4087:Italy
3918:Macau
3837:Yemen
3797:Syria
3772:Qatar
3752:Nepal
3687:Japan
3662:India
3652:Egypt
3637:China
3518:Ceuta
3438:Sudan
3388:Niger
3343:Libya
3328:Kenya
3308:Ghana
3298:Gabon
3273:Egypt
3213:Benin
2861:Texts
2831:Books
2532:Peace
2522:Music
2502:Legal
2462:Death
2262:Index
2161:‹The
1884:(PDF)
1792:S2CID
1631:Japan
1495:trios
1491:duets
1436:Organ
1427:Voice
1333:Fauré
1313:Ibert
1301:Otaka
1291:Flute
1222:" by
1169:Piano
1159:Haydn
1147:Fauré
1100:Cello
1087:Bruch
1041:Viola
1019:Bruch
964:Elgar
916:Seitz
804:sizes
726:etude
347:Choir
149:JSTOR
135:books
4838:Peru
4734:Guam
4686:Niue
4608:Fiji
4551:Saba
4376:Cuba
3757:Oman
3722:Laos
3677:Iraq
3672:Iran
3448:Togo
3358:Mali
3248:Chad
2851:News
1996:ISBN
1982:ISBN
1942:ISSN
1784:PMID
1440:The
1418:Harp
1371:Bach
1363:Sanz
1359:lute
1352:The
1321:Bach
1315:and
1265:Bach
1242:Bass
1188:Bach
1186:and
1178:and
1161:and
1135:Bach
1067:Bach
1021:and
1012:and
974:and
950:and
924:Bach
910:and
888:Bach
870:on "
852:song
566:才能教育
514:, a
491:and
483:and
475:The
121:news
4866:and
3889:and
2572:Sex
2437:Art
2189:on
2180:at
1934:doi
1776:doi
1655:of
1539:by
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1230:by
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1005:.
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660:).
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2174:.›
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1928:.
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