1958:
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2408:
2449:
2326:
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humidity, which causes the mud nests to crumble. Many cave-, bank-, and cliff-dwelling species of swallows nest in large colonies. Mud nests are constructed by both males and females, and amongst the tunnel diggers, the excavation duties are shared, as well. In historical times, the introduction of man-made stone structures such as barns and bridges, together with forest clearance, has led to an abundance of colony sites around the globe, significantly increasing the breeding ranges of some species. Birds living in large colonies typically have to contend with both
2054:
1849:
1811:. The swallows would have a light load of course, as a laden swallow could only travel about half as far as an unladen swallow in the same trip. He succeeded in curbing the migratory instinct in young birds and persuaded the government of France to conduct initial testing, but further experimentation stalled. Subsequent attempts to train homing behaviour into swallows and other passerines had difficulty establishing a statistically significant success rate, although the birds have been known to trap themselves in a cage repeatedly to get to the bait.
2553:
2235:
127:
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work in others. Amongst the barn swallows, the male of the
American subspecies helps (to a small extent), whereas the European subspecies does not. Even in species where the male does not incubate the eggs, he may sit on them when the female is away to reduce heat loss (this is different from incubation as that involves warming the eggs, not just stopping heat loss). Incubation stints last for 5–15 minutes and are followed by bursts of feeding activity. From laying, swallow eggs take 10–21 days to hatch, with 14–18 days being more typical.
1251:, which both weigh in excess of 50 g (1.8 oz) on average, rival one another as the heaviest swallows. The wings are long, pointed, and have nine primary feathers. The tail has 12 feathers and may be deeply forked, somewhat indented, or square-ended. A long tail increases maneuverability, and may also function as a sexual adornment, since the tail is frequently longer in males. In barn swallows, the tail of the male is 18% longer than those of the female, and females select mates on the basis of tail length.
2676:
1589:
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they were previously successful in that location. First-year breeders generally select a nesting site close to where they were raised. The breeding of temperate species is seasonal, whereas that of subtropical or tropical species can either be continuous throughout the year or seasonal. Seasonal species in the subtropics or tropics usually time their breeding to coincide with the peaks in insect activity, which is usually the wet season, but some species, such as the
3024:
2834:
150:
1451:. These roosts can be enormous; one winter-roosting site of barn swallows in Nigeria attracted 1.5 million individuals. Nonsocial species do not form flocks, but recently fledged chicks may remain with their parents for a while after the breeding season. If a human being gets too close to their territory, swallows attack them within the perimeter of the nest. Colonial species may mob predators and humans that are too close to the colony.
2131:
1990:
1419:
1524:
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2022:
1323:
2893:
2358:
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1208:
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1637:. On the whole, they develop slowly compared to other passerine birds. The parents do not usually feed the chicks individual insects, but instead feed a bolus of food comprising 10–100 insects. Regardless of whether the species has males that incubate or brood the chicks, the males of all hirundines help feed the chicks. When the young
1402:(1789, based on decades of observations). This idea may have been supported by the habit of some species to roost in some numbers in dovecotes, nests and other forms of shelter during harsh weather, and some species even entering torpor. There were several reports of suspected torpor in swallows from 1947, such as a 1970 report that
322:(all other swallows, martins, and saw-wings). In the Old World, the name "martin" tends to be used for the squarer-tailed species, and the name "swallow" for the more fork-tailed species; however, this distinction does not represent a real evolutionary separation. In the New World, "martin" is reserved for members of the genus
1503:
1580:, nest in the dry season to avoid flooding in their riverbank nesting habitat. All swallows defend their nests from egg predators, although solitary species are more aggressive towards predators than colonial species. Overall, the contribution of male swallows towards parental care is the highest of any passerine bird.
1460:
they do not scoop up every insect around them, but instead select larger prey items than would be expected by random sampling. In addition, the ease of capture of different insect types affects their rate of predation by swallows. They also avoid certain prey types; in particular, stinging insects such as
1575:
Pairs of mated swallows are monogamous, and pairs of nonmigratory species often stay near their breeding area all year, though the nest site is defended most vigorously during the breeding season. Migratory species often return to the same breeding area each year, and may select the same nest site if
1563:
build mud nests close to overhead shelter in locations that are protected from both the weather and predators. The mud-nesters are most common in the Old World, particularly Africa, whereas cavity-nesters are more common in the New World. Mud-nesting species in particular are limited in areas of high
1628:
duties are shared in some species, and in others the eggs are incubated solely by the females. Amongst the species where the males help with incubation, their contribution varies amongst species, with some species such as the cliff swallow sharing the duties equally and the female doing most of the
1459:
For the most part, swallows are insectivorous, taking flying insects on the wing. Across the whole family, a wide range of insects is taken from most insect groups, but the composition of any one prey type in the diet varies by species and with the time of year. Individual species may be selective;
1227:
in each eye, giving them sharp lateral and frontal vision to help track prey. They also have relatively long eyes, with their length almost equaling their width. The long eyes allow for an increase in visual acuity without competing with the brain for space inside of the head. The morphology of the
1481:
The swallows generally forage for prey on the wing, but they on occasion snap prey off branches or on the ground. The flight may be fast and involve a rapid succession of turns and banks when actively chasing fast-moving prey; less agile prey may be caught with a slower, more leisurely flight that
1668:
or songs, which are used to express excitement, to communicate with others of the same species, during courtship, or as an alarm when a predator is in the area. The songs of males are related to the body condition of the bird and are presumably used by females to judge the physical condition and
374:
Within the family, a clear division exists between the two subfamilies, the
Pseudochelidoninae, which are composed of the two species of river martins, and the Hirundininae, into which the remaining species are placed. The division of the Hirundininae has been the source of much discussion, with
1346:
The family uses a wide range of habitats. They are dependent on flying insects, and as these are common over waterways and lakes, they frequently feed over these, but they can be found in any open habitat, including grasslands, open woodland, savanna, marshes, mangroves, and scrubland, from
1318:
species are common vagrants to other isolated islands and even to some sub-Antarctic islands and
Antarctica. Many species have enormous worldwide ranges, particularly the barn swallow, which breeds over most of the Northern Hemisphere and winters over most of the Southern Hemisphere.
1438:, whereas others are not and simply defend their nesting sites. In general, the male selects a nest site, and then attracts a female using song and flight and (dependent on the species) guards his territory. The size of the territory varies depending on the species of swallow; in
399:
to each other. The phylogeny of the swallows is closely related to evolution of nest construction; the more basal saw-wings use burrows as nest, the core martins have both burrowing (in the Old World members) and cavity adoption (in New World members) as strategies, and the genus
1254:
Their legs are short, and their feet are adapted for perching rather than walking, as the front toes are partially joined at the base. Swallows are capable of walking and even running, but they do so with a shuffling, waddling gait. The leg muscles of the river martins
1239:, which hunt in a similar way, they have short bills, but strong jaws and a wide gape. Their body lengths range from about 10–24 cm (3.9–9.4 in) and their weight from about 10–60 g (0.35–2.12 oz). The smallest species by weight may be the
1200:. Swallows have adapted to hunting insects on the wing by developing a slender, streamlined body and long, pointed wings, which allow great maneuverability and endurance, as well as frequent periods of gliding. Their body shapes allow for very efficient
1632:
The chicks of swallows hatch naked, generally with only a few tufts of down. The eyes are closed and do not fully open for up to 10 days. The feathers take a few days to begin to sprout, and the chicks are brooded by the parents until they are able to
1442:
species, it tends to be small, but it may be much larger for solitary nesters. Outside the breeding season, some species may form large flocks, and species may also roost communally. This is thought to provide protection from predators, such as
1784:
is also actively encouraged by people to nest around humans and elaborate nest boxes are erected. Enough artificial nesting sites have been created that the purple martin now seldom nests in natural cavities in the eastern part of its range.
1508:
1504:
1506:
297:, with the greatest diversity found in Africa, which is also thought to be where they evolved as hole-nesters. They also occur on a number of oceanic islands. A number of European and North American species are long-distance
3601:
Schield, D.R.; Brown, C.E.; Shakya, S.B.; Calabrese, G.M.; Safran, R.J.; Sheldon, F.H. (2024). "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the swallow family (Hirundinidae) inferred from comparisons of thousands of UCE loci".
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during the winter when their insect prey populations collapse. Species breeding in more tropical areas are often more sedentary, although several tropical species are partial migrants or make shorter migrations. In
1957:
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to high alpine areas. Many species inhabit human-altered landscapes, including agricultural land and even urban areas. Land-use changes have also caused some species to expand their range, most impressively the
1263:
is substantially different between the two subfamilies; and in most swallows, the bill, legs, and feet are dark brown or black, but in the river martins, the bill is orange-red and the legs and feet are pink.
1716:. The species presumably breeds in riverbanks, a much diminished habitat in Southeast Asia. As the species has not been reliably seen since 1980, it may already be extinct. Two insular species, the
1818:, swallows are a good omen to those at sea. This probably arose from the fact that swallows are land-based birds, so their appearance informs a sailor that he or she is close to shore. An old
1776:
Swallows are tolerated by humans because of their beneficial role as insect eaters, and some species have readily adapted to nesting in and around human habitation. The barn swallow and
1669:
suitability for mating of males. Begging calls are used by the young when soliciting food from their parents. The typical song of swallows is a simple, sometimes musical twittering.
1788:
Because of the long human experience with these conspicuous species, many myths and legends have arisen as a consequence, particularly relating to the barn swallow. Roman historian
1468:
are generally avoided. In addition to insect prey, a number of species occasionally consume fruits and other plant matter. Species in Africa have been recorded eating the seeds of
1572:. In barn swallows, old mated males and young unmated males benefit from colonial behaviour, whereas females and mated young males likely benefit more from nesting by themselves.
6420:
3812:
Norberg, R. Ake (1994). "Swallow Tail
Streamer is a Mechanical Device for Self Deflection of Tail Leading Edge, Enhancing Aerodynamic Efficiency and Flight Manoeuvrability".
1334:
1259:) are stronger and more robust than those of other swallows. The river martins have other characteristics that separate them from the other swallows. The structure of the
1505:
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based on height off the ground, some species feeding closer to the ground and others feeding at higher levels. Similar separation occurs where feeding overlaps with
379:
them into as many as 24 genera and lumping them into just 12. Some agreement exists that three core groups occur within the
Hirundininae: the saw-wings of the genus
6289:
1398:
6328:
4049:
5179:
5161:
3736:
Tyrrell, Luke P.; Fernández-Juricic, Esteban (2017). "The hawk-eyed songbird: Retinal morphology, eye shape, and visual fields of an aerial insectivore".
347:
in 1815. The
Hirundinidae are morphologically unique within the passerines, with molecular evidence placing them as a distinctive lineage within the
6263:
2407:
1641:
is difficult to determine, as they are enticed out of the nest after three weeks by parents, but frequently return to the nest afterwards to roost.
1482:
includes flying in circles and bursts of flapping mixed with gliding. Where several species of swallows feed together, they separate into different
6302:
5189:
4964:
Jackson, Jerome; Tate, James Jr. (1974). "An
Analysis of Nest Box Use by Purple Martins, House Sparrows, and Starlings in Eastern North America".
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428:
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4032:
3796:
3518:
3241:
4173:
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4695:
4509:
Orłowski, Grzegorz; Karg, Jerzy (2013). "Diet breadth and overlap in three sympatric aerial insectivorous birds at the same location".
4135:
Tarburton, M.K. (1993). "A Comparison of the
Breeding Biology of the Welcome Swallow in Australia and Recently Colonized New Zealand".
1728:
such as starlings and sparrows, which compete with these swallows for nesting sites. The golden swallow formerly bred on the island of
1406:
in
Australia may conserve energy this way, but the first confirmed study that they or any passerine entered torpor was a 1988 study on
5226:
5174:
3281:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 149, 252.
5152:
5079:
3211:
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The
American Topical Association lists more than 1000 depictions of swallows and martins on postage stamps around the world. See
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344:
275:. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The term "swallow" is used as the common name for
226:
4367:
Shields, William (1984). "Barn swallow mobbing: Self-defence, collateral kin defence, group defence, or parental care?".
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149:
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plumage is glossy dark blue or green above and plain or streaked underparts, often white or rufous. Species that
5118:
1848:
5878:
4104:
Korczak-Abshire, Małgorzata; Lees, Alexander; Jojczyk, Agata (2001). "First documented record of barn swallow (
2693:
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2234:
1290:
The chicks hatch naked and with closed eyes. Fledged juveniles usually appear as duller versions of the adult.
35:
3425:
Sheldon, Frederick H.; Whittingham, Linda A.; Moyle, Robert G.; Slikas, Beth; Winkler, David W. (April 2005).
126:
3676:"The Oldest Swallow (Aves: Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) from the Upper Lower Miocene of Southeastern Siberia"
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The evolution of nest construction in swallows (Hirundinidae) is associated with the decrease of clutch size
3104:
2937:
1875:
1709:
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1792:
described a use of painted swallows to deliver a report of the winning horses at a race. There is also the
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Prinzinger, R; Siedle, K (1988). "Ontogeny of metabolism, thermoregulation and torpor in the house martin
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1907:
1528:
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412:
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Townsend, Jason; Esteban Garrido; Danilo A. Mejia (2008). "Nests and Nesting Behavior of Golden Swallow (
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1934:
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nest, while other species excavate burrows in soft substrate such as sand banks. Swallows in the genera
1491:
1430:
Swallows are excellent flyers and use these skills to feed and attract mates. Some species, such as the
1260:
1204:; the metabolic rate of swallows in flight is 49–72% lower than equivalent passerines of the same size.
392:
376:
6190:
4811:
4711:
4595:
Brown, C (1984). "Laying Eggs in a Neighbor's Nest: Benefit and Cost of Colonial Nesting in Swallows".
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1800:, which teaches a moral lesson about greed and altruism through the mending of a swallow's broken leg.
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2220:
2193:
2166:
2107:
1866:
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Hespenheide, Henry A. (1975). "Selective predation by two swifts and a swallow in Central America".
5937:
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5818:
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5648:
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3513:. Vol. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 602–685.
3427:"Phylogeny of swallows (Aves: Hirundinidae) estimated from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences"
2810:
2774:
2711:
2570:
2484:
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1607:
424:
134:
4169:
In 1878, Dr. Elliott Coues, listed titles of 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows (
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5992:
5947:
5942:
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4856:
4755:
4675:
4628:
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4426:
4384:
4308:
4214:
3972:
3928:
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3769:
3536:"Evolution of nest construction in swallows (Hirundinidae): a molecular phylogenetic perspective"
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2878:
2869:
1725:
1686:
1435:
1168:
306:
144:
6369:
5489:
2833:
2007:
1287:, with longer outer tail feathers in the adult male probably being the most common distinction.
6163:
5020:
4170:
1588:
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6351:
6198:
5997:
5910:
5843:
5516:
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1621:
1597:
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352:
6294:
5021:"More than just a bird : Korea.net : The official website of the Republic of Korea"
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The Hirundinidae have an evolutionarily conservative body shape, which is similar across the
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6007:
5915:
5633:
5593:
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5239:
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3362:
3321:
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2973:
2643:
2538:
2184:
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1625:
1431:
1392:. Hibernation of swallows was considered a possibility even by as acute an observer as Rev.
1307:
3023:
2130:
1989:
1807:
attempted to tame swallows and train them for use as messenger birds, as an alternative to
1620:
of swallows tend to be white, although those of some mud-nesters are speckled. The typical
1418:
5833:
5828:
5658:
5653:
5608:
5087:
4941:
4718:
4699:
4177:
3990:
Bańbura, Jerzy (1986). "Sexual dimorphism in wing and tail length as shown by the Swallow
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1804:
1789:
1769:
1483:
1369:
1353:
1303:
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Møller, Anders Pape (1987). "Advantages and disadvantages of coloniality in the swallow,
1624:
is around four to five eggs in temperate areas and two to three eggs in the tropics. The
4608:
4565:
4522:
4288:
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3302:"A review of the recent advances in the systematics of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea"
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4733:"Colonial Breeding in the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) and Its Adaptive Significance"
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1364:
1315:
935:
460:
298:
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Hails, C.J (1979). "A comparison of flight energetics in hirundines and other birds".
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1975:
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photographed in central Maine, the northeastern limit of the species' breeding range.
1306:, occurs as a breeding bird on a number of oceanic islands in the Pacific Ocean, the
1244:
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1010:
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486:
381:
84:
52:
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2021:
1744:
6077:
6042:
5873:
5813:
5734:
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5304:
5253:
3860:"The effect of tail streamer length on aerodynamic performance in the barn swallow"
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3113:
3050:
2792:
2747:
2702:
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2559:
2529:
2291:
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2071:
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526:
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study by Drew Schield and collaborators that was published in 2024. The choice of
6203:
4616:
4530:
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in the 1920s, started breeding in the 1950s, and is now a common landbird there.
6320:
6276:
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5905:
5889:
5674:
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5526:
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5480:
3615:
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2137:
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1996:
1439:
1389:
1357:
1280:
1276:
1212:
1201:
1028:
885:
816:
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and relatives). Phylogenetic analysis has shown that the family Hirundinidae is
329:
59:
4233:
4171:(USGS: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center) "Early ideas about migration"
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1964:
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The more primitive species nest in existing cavities, for example in an old
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265:
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109:
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4404:"Foraging Ecology and Diet Selectivity of Tree Swallows Feeding Nestlings"
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1732:, but was last seen there in 1989 and is now restricted to the island of
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960:
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268:
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99:
94:
79:
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64:
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roost under attack: timing and risks in the presence of African Hobbies
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and the number of species is taken from the list of birds maintained by
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859:
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387:
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328:. (These two systems are responsible for the same species being called
286:
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4257:
4156:
1756:
1275:
or live in dry or mountainous areas are often matte brown above (e.g.
6281:
5619:
4852:
2455:
1638:
1513:
1470:
1448:
1377:
1272:
1222:
910:
416:
324:
301:; by contrast, the West and South African swallows are nonmigratory.
171:
6268:
6119:
4751:
4573:
4422:
4210:
3967:
3347:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
3286:
3263:
Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés
271:
found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in
6229:
3749:
340:
The family Hirundinidae was introduced (as Hirundia) by the French
5356:
5278:
1755:
1743:
1676:
1648:
1522:
1501:
1417:
1385:
1333:
1321:
1302:, breeding on every continent except Antarctica. One species, the
1206:
1193:
294:
3950:
3266:(in French). Vol. 1815. Palermo: Self-published. p. 68.
1712:, a species that is only known from a few specimens collected in
1465:
191:
6123:
5339:
5251:
5208:
30:
This article is about the family of birds. For the action, see
1705:. This is presumed to be the reason behind the decline of the
1461:
6216:
1724:, have declined due to forest loss and also competition with
1243:, at a mean body mass of 9.4 g (0.33 oz) while the
5080:"Animal Congregations, or What Do You Call a Group of.....?"
5059:
Don't Shoot the Albatross!: Nautical Myths and Superstitions
4546:"Ectoparasitism as a Cost of Coloniality in Cliff Swallows (
4192:"Field Observation of Torpidity in the Violet-Green Swallow"
5086:. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Archived from
5037:
Zoologist: A Monthly Journal of Natural History, ser.3 v.13
282:
3711:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology
3233:
Swallows and martins: an identification guide and handbook
4839:) in Abandoned Bauxite Mines in the Dominican Republic".
4775:"Song and immunological condition in male barn swallows (
1380:, or even that they withdrew for the winter under water.
4812:"Little known Oriental Bird: White-eyed River-Martin: 1"
3509:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.).
1384:
ascribed hibernation not only to swallows, but also to
4901:"Gallery of Barn Swallow stamps from Bird-Stamps.org"
332:
in the Old World and bank swallow in the New World.)
4773:
Saino, N; Galeotti, P; Sacchi, R; Møller, A (1997).
3279:
History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names
6132:
6091:
6021:
5961:
5924:
5887:
5800:
5782:
5757:
5732:
5702:
5672:
5617:
5555:
5535:
5498:
5478:
5458:
5440:
5422:
5380:
5354:
5302:
5276:
3203:
A Handbook to the Swallows and Martins of the World
3903:"Sexual selection in the monogamous barn swallow (
3858:Buchanan, Katherine L.; Evans, Matthew R. (2000).
3504:
1474:trees, and these are even fed to the young of the
385:, the core martins, and the swallows of the genus
4190:Lariewski, Robert C.; Thompson, Henry J. (1965).
1180:; it is the only record of Hirundinidae from the
4479:, an invasive alien plant in the Fynbos Biome".
4471:Underhill, L; Hofmeyr, J (2007). "Barn Swallows
3343:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
3300:Alström, Per; Olsson, Urban; Lei, Fumin (2013).
1228:eye in swallows is similar to that of a raptor.
1215:is typical for the family, being short and wide.
3540:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1399:The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne
4504:
4502:
395:of the three, with the other two clades being
5220:
1830:The family contains 90 species in 21 genera.
1494:may also occur with the size of prey chosen.
1184:. It is likely a basal member of the family.
391:and their allies. The saw-wings are the most
8:
5165:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
5002:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–58
4051:The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific
3506:"Family Hirundinidae (Swallows and Martins)"
1664:Swallows are able to produce many different
6421:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
4402:McCarty, John P.; David W. Winkler (1999).
3853:
3851:
3398:
3396:
6120:
5362:
5351:
5336:
5284:
5273:
5248:
5227:
5213:
5205:
4903:. Archived from the original on 2020-06-09
4048:Pratt, H.; Bruner, P; Berrett, D. (1987).
125:
42:
4794:
3966:
3922:
3885:
3875:
3577:
3559:
3376:
3366:
3325:
1768:. They also are one of the most depicted
367:. The two families diverged in the early
4991:
4989:
4987:
4079:Sinclair, Ian; Olivier Langrand (2005).
3225:
3223:
1832:
4275:(L.) and its ecological significance".
4234:"Torpidity in the White-backed Swallow"
3534:Winkler, D. W.; Sheldon, F. H. (1993).
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3142:
1822:for swallows is a "flight" or "sweep".
1310:breeds on Reunion and Mauritius in the
641:– includes cliff swallows (10 species)
304:This family comprises two subfamilies:
4913:
3944:
3942:
3907:). II. Mechanisms of sexual selection"
3635:
3633:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
1363:Species breeding in temperate regions
429:International Ornithological Committee
3655:. International Ornithologists' Union
3604:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3431:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
6344:80d0ed48-72ef-49e1-aec3-059134c8f82f
6256:801fd00b-fa78-40a7-8c9e-86c4a540b3f8
5121:paper in Linzer Biologische Beiträge
4953:Wikibooks: World Catalogue of Stamps
4881:from the original on 9 November 2007
3341:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
3230:Turner, Angela; Rose, Chris (1989).
939:– rough-winged swallows (2 species)
1426:attending its nest in a tree cavity
1330:is a partial migrant within Africa.
1166:The oldest known fossil swallow is
1002:
977:
952:
927:
902:
877:
851:
790:
765:
758:
706:
699:
629:
577:
570:
518:
511:
503:
478:
451:
444:
434:
427:and David Donsker on behalf of the
4458:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1975.tb04189.x
4008:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03625.x
3924:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1992.5040603.x
3814:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
3787:Dunning, John B. Jr., ed. (2008).
3511:Handbook of the Birds of the World
3405:"A Classification of Recent Birds"
3200:Angela Turner; Chris Rose (2010).
1780:now rarely use natural sites. The
25:
5040:. J. Van Voorst. pp. 398–399
4081:Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands
3789:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
5341:All other swallows and martins (
5140:The New Student's Reference Work
5124:
4493:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00598.x
3951:"Myology of the Leg in Swallows"
3653:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
3022:
2891:
2832:
2674:
2615:
2583:
2551:
2447:
2406:
2356:
2324:
2283:
2233:
2129:
2052:
2020:
1988:
1956:
1888:
1847:
1701:are generally endangered due to
1610:feeding a recently fledged chick
1596:
1587:
1372:, swallows were thought to have
1283:). The sexes show limited or no
148:
5115:on the Internet Bird Collection
3911:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
1514:Skomer Marine Conservation Zone
5195:New International Encyclopedia
4027:. W. H. Freeman. p. 434.
3258:Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel
1693:Species of hirundine that are
1512:Swallow chicks nesting at the
1196:, but is unlike that of other
404:and its allies use mud nests.
375:various taxonomists variously
1:
5774:Southern rough-winged swallow
5769:Northern rough-winged swallow
5258:subfamily: Pseudochelidoninae
5061:. A&C Black, London, UK.
4875:"National symbols of Estonia"
4841:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
4664:10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80118-5
4381:10.1016/s0003-3472(84)80331-0
3674:Volkova, N. V. (2024-08-28).
3206:. A&C Black. p. 12.
2435:Southern rough-winged swallow
2426:Northern rough-winged swallow
1340:northern rough-winged swallow
873:New World endemics
371:around 22 million years ago.
345:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
4617:10.1126/science.224.4648.518
4531:10.1080/00063657.2013.839622
4475:disperse seeds of Rooikrans
3901:Møller, Anders pape (1992).
3723:10.1016/0300-9629(79)90199-3
3403:Mayr, E.; Amadon, D (1951).
607:– house martins (4 species)
464:– river martins (2 species)
6073:South African cliff swallow
5854:White-throated blue swallow
4817:Oriental Bird Club Bulletin
4544:Brown, C; Brown, M (1986).
3791:(2nd ed.). CRC Press.
3680:Doklady Biological Sciences
3616:10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108111
3451:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.008
3096:South African cliff swallow
1298:The family has a worldwide
530:– crag martins (5 species)
293:are known, divided into 21
6437:
6058:Red-throated cliff swallow
5512:Brown-throated sand martin
4349:(1): 37–48. Archived from
4056:Princeton University Press
3503:Turner, Angela K. (2004).
3078:Red-throated cliff swallow
3064:Petrochelidon rufocollaris
2430:Stelgidopteryx serripennis
1871:Pseudochelidon eurystomina
1356:, which began to colonise
411:shown below is based on a
29:
6083:Chestnut-collared swallow
5365:
5350:
5335:
5287:
5272:
5247:
4920:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4877:. The Estonia Institute.
4122:10.2478/v10183-011-0021-9
3688:10.1134/S0012496624600258
3412:American Museum Novitates
3060:Chestnut-collared swallow
2439:Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
2162:Tachycineta cyaneoviridis
1921:Psalidoprocne pristoptera
1880:Pseudochelidon sirintarae
1803:During the 19th century,
1300:cosmopolitan distribution
1025:
1007:
1000:
982:
975:
957:
950:
932:
925:
907:
900:
882:
875:
856:
849:
813:
795:
788:
770:
763:
756:
729:
711:
704:
697:
652:
634:
627:
600:
582:
575:
568:
541:
523:
516:
509:
501:
483:
476:
457:
449:
442:
239:
234:
145:Scientific classification
143:
133:
124:
45:
5879:Black-and-rufous swallow
5057:Eyers, Jonathan (2011).
4232:Serventy, D. L. (1970).
3647:, eds. (December 2023).
3327:10.5122/cbirds.2013.0016
3277:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
3046:Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
2694:Black-and-rufous swallow
2316:Pygochelidon melanoleuca
1948:Psalidoprocne fuliginosa
1764:is the national bird of
1740:Relationship with humans
1294:Distribution and habitat
548:– swallows (16 species)
490:– saw-wings (5 species)
336:Taxonomy and systematics
36:Swallow (disambiguation)
6038:Streak-throated swallow
5973:Greater striped swallow
5343:subfamily: Hirundininae
5319:White-eyed river martin
5180:Encyclopædia Britannica
5162:Encyclopædia Britannica
4712:Swallows (Hirundinidae)
4083:. Struik. p. 118.
4021:Gill, Frank B. (1995).
3877:10.1093/beheco/11.2.228
3738:The American Naturalist
3561:10.1073/pnas.90.12.5705
3368:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
3127:Petrochelidon nigricans
3109:Petrochelidon fluvicola
3105:Streak-throated swallow
3100:Petrochelidon spilodera
2938:Greater striped swallow
2575:Pseudhirundo griseopyga
2307:Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
1876:White-eyed river martin
1770:birds on postage stamps
1710:white-eyed river martin
1673:Status and conservation
1529:American cliff swallows
1518:Natural Resources Wales
1476:greater striped swallow
1032:– swallows (3 species)
1014:– tawny-headed swallow
989:– swallows (2 species)
964:– swallows (3 species)
889:– swallows (9 species)
736:– white-backed swallow
659:– swallows (9 species)
289:. Around 90 species of
6063:Preuss's cliff swallow
6053:American cliff swallow
5983:Rufous-chested swallow
5978:Lesser striped swallow
5869:Pearl-breasted swallow
5839:White-throated swallow
5749:Black-collared swallow
5744:Blue-and-white swallow
5394:Square-tailed saw-wing
4796:10.1093/beheco/8.4.364
3834:10.1098/rspb.1994.0119
3082:Petrochelidon rufigula
3069:Preuss's cliff swallow
3042:American cliff swallow
2983:Rufous-bellied swallow
2929:Lesser striped swallow
2766:White-throated swallow
2730:Pearl-breasted swallow
2639:Ptyonoprogne rupestris
2607:Cheramoeca leucosterna
2312:Black-collared swallow
2303:Blue-and-white swallow
2225:Tachycineta albiventer
2216:Tachycineta stolzmanni
2198:Tachycineta leucorrhoa
2171:Tachycineta thalassina
1939:Psalidoprocne albiceps
1908:Square-tailed saw-wing
1773:
1753:
1690:
1661:
1532:
1531:constructing mud nests
1520:
1427:
1343:
1331:
1328:lesser striped swallow
1216:
914:– martins (9 species)
863:– martins (6 species)
718:– grey-rumped swallow
413:molecular phylogenetic
34:. For other uses, see
6365:Paleobiology Database
6068:Red Sea cliff swallow
5953:Siberian house martin
5724:White-thighed swallow
5684:Brown-bellied swallow
5404:White-headed saw-wing
5129:Texts on Wikisource:
4837:Tachycineta euchrysea
4110:Polish Polar Research
4108:) in the Antarctic".
3949:Gaunt, Abbot (1969).
3887:10536/DRO/DU:30100792
3091:Petrochelidon perdita
3087:Red Sea cliff swallow
3073:Petrochelidon preussi
3014:Atronanus fuliginosus
2924:Cecropis senegalensis
2861:Siberian house martin
2666:Ptyonoprogne concolor
2657:Ptyonoprogne fuligula
2648:Ptyonoprogne obsoleta
2385:Brown-bellied swallow
2271:White-thighed swallow
2189:Tachycineta albilinea
2180:Tachycineta euchrysea
2099:Brown-throated martin
1935:White-headed saw-wing
1930:Psalidoprocne obscura
1759:
1747:
1707:critically endangered
1680:
1655:
1526:
1511:
1421:
1414:Behaviour and ecology
1404:white-backed swallows
1337:
1325:
1210:
6251:Fauna Europaea (new)
6101:White-backed swallow
6003:West African swallow
5901:Eurasian crag martin
5864:White-tailed swallow
5792:Tawny-headed swallow
5719:Black-capped swallow
5714:White-banded swallow
5664:Brown-chested martin
5644:Grey-breasted martin
5604:White-rumped swallow
5599:White-winged swallow
5574:Violet-green swallow
5450:White-backed swallow
5314:African river martin
4996:Brian, P.W. (1955).
4810:Tobias, Joe (2000).
3236:. Houghton-Mifflin.
3151:"Swallow Bird Facts"
2956:West African swallow
2911:Red-breasted swallow
2852:Western house martin
2784:White-bibbed swallow
2721:White-tailed swallow
2707:Hirundo atrocaerulea
2635:Eurasian crag martin
2603:White-backed swallow
2512:Grey-breasted martin
2467:Brown-chested martin
2398:Orochelidon andecola
2380:Orochelidon flavipes
2348:Alopochelidon fucata
2344:Tawny-headed swallow
2262:Black-capped swallow
2253:White-banded swallow
2221:White-winged swallow
2194:White-rumped swallow
2167:Violet-green swallow
2108:Grey-throated martin
1912:Psalidoprocne nitens
1867:African river martin
1816:sailing superstition
1578:white-bibbed swallow
5938:Common house martin
5859:Pied-winged swallow
5849:Wire-tailed swallow
5819:Red-chested swallow
5689:Pale-footed swallow
5432:Grey-rumped swallow
4966:The Wilson Bulletin
4609:1984Sci...224..518B
4566:1986Ecol...67.1206B
4523:2013BirdS..60..475O
4326:Bijlsma, R (2003).
4289:1988Oecol..76..307P
4250:1970EmuAO..70...27S
4149:1993EmuAO..93...34T
3826:1994RSPSB.257..227N
3552:1993PNAS...90.5705W
3443:2005MolPE..35..254S
3359:2019PNAS..116.7916O
3318:2013AvRes...4...99A
3118:Petrochelidon ariel
3055:Petrochelidon fulva
2969:Cecropis hyperythra
2933:Cecropis abyssinica
2811:Red-chested swallow
2775:Wire-tailed swallow
2770:Hirundo albigularis
2712:Pied-winged swallow
2571:Grey-rumped swallow
2543:Progne dominicensis
2376:Pale-footed swallow
2153:Tachycineta bicolor
2012:Phedinopsis brazzae
1608:wire-tailed swallow
1231:Like the unrelated
1169:Miochelidon eschata
777:– Mascarene martin
455:Pseudochelidoninae
425:Pamela C. Rasmussen
135:Pied-winged swallow
27:Family of songbirds
5993:Red-rumped swallow
5948:Nepal house martin
5943:Asian house martin
5034:Anonymous (1889).
4940:2020-03-31 at the
4783:Behavioral Ecology
4717:2009-01-29 at the
4698:2002-05-04 at the
4548:Hirundo pyrrhonota
4297:10.1007/BF00379969
4273:Delichon u. urbica
4176:2008-08-27 at the
3996:Journal of Zoology
3864:Behavioral Ecology
3643:; Donsker, David;
2978:Cecropis striolata
2960:Cecropis domicella
2947:Red-rumped swallow
2942:Cecropis cucullata
2883:Delichon nipalense
2879:Nepal house martin
2870:Asian house martin
2865:Delichon lagopodum
2824:Hirundo aethiopica
2806:Hirundo angolensis
2534:Progne cryptoleuca
2389:Orochelidon murina
2207:Tachycineta meyeni
2103:Riparia paludicola
1774:
1754:
1726:introduced species
1691:
1687:endangered species
1662:
1533:
1521:
1428:
1344:
1332:
1314:, and a number of
1219:Swallows have two
1217:
820:– Brazza's martin
353:Old World warblers
307:Pseudochelidoninae
6393:
6392:
6352:Open Tree of Life
6126:Taxon identifiers
6117:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
5998:Sri Lanka swallow
5911:Dusky crag martin
5844:Ethiopian swallow
5517:Congo sand martin
5399:Mountain saw-wing
5376:
5375:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5298:
5297:
5067:978-1-4081-3131-2
4731:Snapp, B (1976).
4702:. eeb.cornell.edu
4603:(4648): 518–519.
4258:10.1071/mu970027a
4157:10.1071/MU9930034
4090:978-1-86872-956-2
4065:978-0-691-08402-2
4034:978-0-7167-2415-5
3820:(1350): 227–233.
3798:978-1-4200-6444-5
3645:Rasmussen, Pamela
3546:(12): 5705–5707.
3520:978-84-87334-69-6
3353:(16): 7916–7925.
3243:978-0-395-51174-9
3180:Birdwatch Ireland
3134:
3133:
2965:Sri Lanka swallow
2915:Cecropis semirufa
2820:Ethiopian swallow
2734:Hirundo dimidiata
2725:Hirundo megaensis
2716:Hirundo leucosoma
2698:Hirundo nigrorufa
2662:Dusky crag martin
2628:Reichenbach, 1850
2275:Atticora tibialis
2257:Atticora fasciata
2117:Madagascar martin
2112:Riparia chinensis
2044:Phedina borbonica
1980:Neophedina cincta
1944:Mountain saw-wing
1798:Heungbu and Nolbu
1772:around the world.
1653:
1516:, 2017: Video by
1509:
1285:sexual dimorphism
1158:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
838:
837:
829:
828:
745:
744:
686:
685:
677:
676:
668:
667:
616:
615:
589:– forest swallow
557:
556:
507:mud nesters
246:
245:
230:
138:Hirundo leucosoma
16:(Redirected from
6428:
6386:
6385:
6373:
6372:
6360:
6359:
6347:
6346:
6337:
6336:
6324:
6323:
6321:NBNSYS0000037262
6311:
6310:
6298:
6297:
6285:
6284:
6272:
6271:
6259:
6258:
6246:
6245:
6233:
6232:
6220:
6219:
6207:
6206:
6194:
6193:
6181:
6180:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6121:
6013:Striated swallow
6008:Striated swallow
5916:Pale crag martin
5649:Galápagos martin
5634:Caribbean martin
5594:Mangrove swallow
5470:Mascarene martin
5363:
5352:
5337:
5285:
5274:
5249:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5206:
5199:
5184:
5183:(11th ed.).
5166:
5144:
5128:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5090:on 20 March 2015
5076:
5070:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
4993:
4982:
4981:
4961:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4919:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4853:10.1676/08-001.1
4832:
4826:
4825:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4737:
4728:
4722:
4709:
4703:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4652:Animal Behaviour
4643:
4637:
4636:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4560:(5): 1206–1218.
4541:
4535:
4534:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4408:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4369:Animal Behaviour
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4340:
4328:"A Barn Swallow
4323:
4317:
4316:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4196:
4187:
4181:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4018:
4012:
4011:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3970:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3879:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3637:
3628:
3627:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3581:
3563:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3508:
3500:
3463:
3462:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3409:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3370:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3147:
3036:
3026:
3004:
2974:Striated swallow
2951:Cecropis daurica
2905:
2895:
2874:Delichon dasypus
2856:Delichon urbicum
2846:
2836:
2752:Hirundo domicola
2743:Hirundo tahitica
2688:
2678:
2644:Pale crag martin
2629:
2619:
2597:
2587:
2565:
2555:
2539:Caribbean martin
2485:Galápagos martin
2461:
2451:
2420:
2410:
2370:
2360:
2338:
2328:
2297:
2287:
2266:Atticora pileata
2247:
2237:
2185:Mangrove swallow
2143:
2133:
2066:
2056:
2040:Mascarene martin
2034:
2024:
2002:
1992:
1970:
1960:
1902:
1892:
1861:
1851:
1833:
1685:is listed as an
1654:
1600:
1591:
1568:and conspecific
1510:
1492:Niche separation
1455:Diet and feeding
1440:colonial-nesting
1432:mangrove swallow
1308:Mascarene martin
1267:The most common
1224:
1211:The bill of the
1003:
978:
953:
928:
903:
878:
852:
802:– banded martin
791:
766:
759:
707:
700:
630:
578:
571:
519:
512:
504:
479:
452:
445:
435:
407:The genus level
264:are a family of
225:
153:
152:
129:
119:
56:
49:Temporal range:
43:
21:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6381:
6376:
6368:
6363:
6355:
6350:
6342:
6340:
6332:
6327:
6319:
6314:
6306:
6301:
6293:
6288:
6280:
6275:
6267:
6262:
6254:
6249:
6241:
6236:
6228:
6223:
6215:
6210:
6202:
6197:
6189:
6184:
6176:
6171:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6147:
6146:
6141:
6128:
6118:
6105:
6087:
6017:
5957:
5931:(house martins)
5930:
5920:
5893:
5883:
5834:Welcome swallow
5829:Pacific swallow
5807:(barn swallows)
5806:
5796:
5778:
5753:
5728:
5698:
5668:
5659:Southern martin
5654:Peruvian martin
5613:
5609:Chilean swallow
5562:(tree swallows)
5561:
5551:
5531:
5504:
5494:
5490:Brazza's martin
5474:
5454:
5436:
5418:
5386:
5372:
5346:
5323:
5294:
5268:
5243:
5242:: Hirundinidae)
5233:
5187:
5169:
5147:
5132:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5093:
5091:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5056:
5052:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5005:
5003:
4999:Bird Navigation
4995:
4994:
4985:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4951:
4947:
4942:Wayback Machine
4933:
4929:
4912:
4906:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4884:
4882:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4789:(94): 364–371.
4777:Hirundo rustica
4772:
4771:
4767:
4752:10.2307/1367096
4735:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4719:Wayback Machine
4710:
4706:
4700:Wayback Machine
4691:
4687:
4648:Hirundo rustica
4645:
4644:
4640:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4574:10.2307/1938676
4543:
4542:
4538:
4508:
4507:
4500:
4473:Hirundo rustica
4470:
4469:
4465:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4423:10.2307/1369987
4406:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4338:
4330:Hirundo rustica
4325:
4324:
4320:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4211:10.2307/1365178
4194:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4178:Wayback Machine
4168:
4164:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4106:Hirundo rustica
4103:
4102:
4098:
4091:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4058:. p. 229.
4047:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4020:
4019:
4015:
3992:Hirundo rustica
3989:
3988:
3984:
3968:10.2307/4083540
3948:
3947:
3940:
3905:Hirundo rustica
3900:
3899:
3895:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3658:
3656:
3639:
3638:
3631:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3502:
3501:
3466:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3034:
3002:
2903:
2844:
2797:Hirundo rustica
2788:Hirundo nigrita
2779:Hirundo smithii
2761:Hirundo neoxena
2757:Welcome swallow
2739:Pacific swallow
2686:
2627:
2595:
2563:
2525:Progne sinaloae
2516:Progne chalybea
2503:Southern martin
2476:Peruvian martin
2459:
2419:Baird, SF, 1858
2418:
2368:
2336:
2296:Baird, SF, 1971
2295:
2245:
2203:Chilean swallow
2141:
2085:Riparia riparia
2076:Riparia congica
2065:Forster,T, 1817
2064:
2033:Bonaparte, 1855
2032:
2008:Brazza's martin
2000:
1968:
1900:
1859:
1828:
1814:According to a
1805:Jean Desbouvrie
1790:Pliny the Elder
1742:
1675:
1649:
1647:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1570:nest parasitism
1502:
1500:
1457:
1416:
1354:welcome swallow
1304:Pacific swallow
1296:
1249:southern martin
1226:
1190:
1164:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
839:
830:
746:
687:
678:
669:
617:
558:
338:
278:Hirundo rustica
224:
147:
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
51:
50:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6434:
6432:
6424:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6398:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6387:
6374:
6361:
6348:
6338:
6325:
6312:
6299:
6286:
6273:
6260:
6247:
6238:Fauna Europaea
6234:
6221:
6208:
6195:
6182:
6169:
6154:
6138:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6033:Forest swallow
6029:
6027:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5988:Mosque swallow
5985:
5980:
5975:
5969:
5967:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5894:(crag martins)
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5824:Angola swallow
5821:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5788:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5765:
5763:
5760:Stelgidopteryx
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5694:Andean swallow
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5639:Sinaloa martin
5636:
5631:
5625:
5623:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5589:Tumbes swallow
5586:
5584:Bahama swallow
5581:
5579:Golden swallow
5576:
5571:
5565:
5563:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5505:(sand martins)
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5414:Fanti saw-wing
5411:
5409:Black saw-wing
5406:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5366:
5360:
5348:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5305:Pseudochelidon
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5288:
5282:
5270:
5269:
5264:Pseudochelidon
5252:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5185:
5171:Newton, Alfred
5167:
5157:Chisholm, Hugh
5149:Newton, Alfred
5145:
5122:
5116:
5113:Swallow videos
5108:
5107:External links
5105:
5102:
5101:
5071:
5050:
5026:
5012:
4983:
4972:(4): 435–449.
4956:
4945:
4927:
4892:
4866:
4847:(4): 867–871.
4827:
4802:
4765:
4746:(4): 471–480.
4723:
4704:
4685:
4658:(3): 819–832.
4638:
4587:
4536:
4517:(4): 475–483.
4498:
4487:(3): 468–471.
4477:Acacia cyclops
4463:
4436:
4417:(2): 246–254.
4394:
4375:(1): 132–148.
4359:
4356:on 2008-10-31.
4318:
4283:(2): 307–312.
4263:
4224:
4205:(1): 102–103.
4182:
4162:
4127:
4116:(4): 355–360.
4096:
4089:
4071:
4064:
4040:
4033:
4013:
4002:(1): 131–136.
3982:
3938:
3917:(4): 603–624.
3893:
3870:(2): 228–238.
3847:
3804:
3797:
3779:
3750:10.1086/691404
3744:(6): 709–717.
3728:
3717:(4): 581–585.
3701:
3666:
3629:
3593:
3526:
3519:
3464:
3437:(1): 254–270.
3417:
3392:
3333:
3292:
3269:
3249:
3242:
3219:
3212:
3192:
3167:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3048:
3037:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3010:Forest swallow
3005:
3003:De Silva, 2018
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2987:Cecropis badia
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2920:Mosque swallow
2917:
2906:
2896:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2847:
2845:Moore, F, 1854
2837:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2817:
2815:Hirundo lucida
2808:
2802:Angola swallow
2799:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2689:
2687:Linnaeus, 1758
2679:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2630:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2598:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2566:
2556:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2521:Sinaloa martin
2518:
2509:
2507:Progne elegans
2500:
2491:
2489:Progne modesta
2482:
2480:Progne murphyi
2473:
2462:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2432:
2421:
2415:Stelgidopteryx
2411:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2394:Andean swallow
2391:
2382:
2371:
2361:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2339:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2309:
2298:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2248:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2212:Tumbes swallow
2209:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2176:Golden swallow
2173:
2164:
2158:Bahama swallow
2155:
2144:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2121:Riparia cowani
2114:
2105:
2096:
2094:Riparia diluta
2087:
2078:
2067:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1971:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1926:Fanti saw-wing
1923:
1917:Black saw-wing
1914:
1903:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1873:
1862:
1860:Hartlaub, 1861
1856:Pseudochelidon
1852:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1827:
1824:
1820:term of venery
1752:nesting colony
1748:An artificial
1741:
1738:
1722:golden swallow
1718:Bahama swallow
1683:Bahama swallow
1674:
1671:
1646:
1643:
1635:thermoregulate
1605:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1499:
1496:
1456:
1453:
1415:
1412:
1376:in a state of
1295:
1292:
1257:Pseudochelidon
1220:
1189:
1186:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1006:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
981:
976:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
956:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
936:Stelgidopteryx
931:
926:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
906:
901:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
881:
876:
874:
870:
869:
866:
865:
855:
850:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
836:
835:
832:
831:
827:
826:
823:
822:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
794:
789:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
769:
764:
762:
757:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
743:
742:
739:
738:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
710:
705:
703:
698:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
680:
679:
675:
674:
671:
670:
666:
665:
662:
661:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
633:
628:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
610:
609:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
564:
563:
560:
559:
555:
554:
551:
550:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
502:
500:
497:
496:
493:
492:
482:
477:
475:
471:
470:
467:
466:
461:Pseudochelidon
456:
450:
448:
443:
441:
433:
363:in the family
337:
334:
316:Pseudochelidon
244:
243:
237:
236:
232:
231:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
141:
140:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
57:
48:
26:
24:
18:Swallow (bird)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6433:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6384:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6339:
6335:
6330:
6326:
6322:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6174:
6170:
6165:
6159:
6155:
6150:
6144:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6122:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6024:Petrochelidon
6020:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5784:Alopochelidon
5781:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:Purple martin
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5547:Banded martin
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5383:Psalidoprocne
5379:
5371:
5370:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5334:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5293:
5292:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5259:
5255:
5254:River martins
5250:
5246:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5051:
5039:
5038:
5030:
5027:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5001:
5000:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4931:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4902:
4896:
4893:
4880:
4876:
4870:
4867:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4831:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4806:
4803:
4797:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4778:
4769:
4766:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4724:
4721:. Answers.com
4720:
4716:
4713:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4689:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4639:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4591:
4588:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4549:
4540:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4337:
4335:
4334:Falco cuvieri
4331:
4322:
4319:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4057:
4054:. Princeton:
4053:
4052:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4017:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3894:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3670:
3667:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:(2): 99–131.
3311:
3307:
3306:Chinese Birds
3303:
3296:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3213:9781408131725
3209:
3205:
3204:
3196:
3193:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:Cabanis, 1850
3033:
3032:
3031:Petrochelidon
3028:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:Boie, F, 1826
2902:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:Cabanis, 1850
2594:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:Roberts, 1922
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:Purple martin
2492:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:Progne tapera
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:Boie, F, 1826
2458:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2369:Ridgway, 1903
2367:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:Ridgway, 1903
2335:
2334:
2333:Alopochelidon
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:Cabanis, 1850
2140:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:Wolters, 1971
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1976:Banded martin
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:Roberts, 1922
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:Cabanis, 1850
1899:
1898:
1897:Psalidoprocne
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1782:purple martin
1779:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1750:purple martin
1746:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1659:
1658:purple martin
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:ectoparasites
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:Petrochelidon
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1408:house martins
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:Gilbert White
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:purple martin
1242:
1241:Fanti sawwing
1238:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:Early Miocene
1171:
1170:
1162:Fossil record
1161:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1011:Alopochelidon
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
993:
990:
988:
987:
980:
979:
973:
972:
969:
968:
965:
963:
962:
955:
954:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
938:
937:
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929:
923:
922:
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905:
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890:
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868:
867:
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854:
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834:
833:
825:
824:
821:
819:
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811:
810:
807:
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793:
792:
786:
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754:
753:
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749:
741:
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735:
734:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
717:
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709:
708:
702:
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695:
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690:
682:
681:
673:
672:
664:
663:
660:
658:
657:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
640:
639:
638:Petrochelidon
632:
631:
625:
624:
621:
620:
612:
611:
608:
606:
605:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
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579:
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566:
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553:
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547:
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538:
535:
534:
531:
529:
528:
521:
520:
514:
513:
506:
505:
499:
498:
495:
494:
491:
489:
488:
487:Psalidoprocne
481:
480:
474:Hirundininae
473:
472:
469:
468:
465:
463:
462:
454:
453:
447:
446:
440:
437:
436:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
398:
394:
390:
389:
384:
383:
382:Psalidoprocne
378:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
335:
333:
331:
327:
326:
321:
317:
314:of the genus
313:
312:river martins
309:
308:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:
274:
270:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
242:
241:21, see text
238:
233:
228:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:Passeriformes
200:
197:
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190:
187:
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180:
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173:
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167:
166:
163:
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146:
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123:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
54:
53:Early Miocene
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6406:Hirundinidae
6178:Hirundinidae
6164:Hirundinidae
6134:Hirundinidae
6133:
6092:
6078:Cave swallow
6043:Fairy martin
6022:
5962:
5925:
5890:Ptyonoprogne
5888:
5874:Blue swallow
5814:Barn swallow
5801:
5783:
5758:
5735:Pygochelidon
5733:
5703:
5673:
5618:
5569:Tree swallow
5556:
5536:
5499:
5479:
5459:
5441:
5424:Pseudhirundo
5423:
5381:
5367:
5355:
5342:
5303:
5289:
5277:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5235:
5193:
5178:
5160:
5138:
5094:13 September
5092:. Retrieved
5088:the original
5083:
5074:
5058:
5053:
5042:. Retrieved
5036:
5029:
5015:
5004:. Retrieved
4998:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4948:
4930:
4905:. Retrieved
4895:
4883:. Retrieved
4869:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4821:
4815:
4805:
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4782:
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4768:
4743:
4739:
4726:
4707:
4693:Hirundinidae
4688:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4539:
4514:
4510:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4452:(1): 82–99.
4449:
4445:
4439:
4414:
4410:
4397:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4351:the original
4346:
4342:
4333:
4329:
4321:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4244:(1): 27–28.
4241:
4237:
4227:
4202:
4198:
4185:
4165:
4143:(1): 34–43.
4140:
4136:
4130:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4080:
4074:
4050:
4043:
4023:
4016:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3961:(1): 41–53.
3958:
3954:
3914:
3910:
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3896:
3867:
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3817:
3813:
3807:
3788:
3782:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3679:
3669:
3657:. Retrieved
3652:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3543:
3539:
3529:
3510:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3411:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3309:
3305:
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3278:
3272:
3262:
3252:
3232:
3202:
3195:
3183:. Retrieved
3179:
3170:
3158:. Retrieved
3154:
3145:
3126:
3117:
3114:Fairy martin
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3072:
3063:
3054:
3051:Cave swallow
3045:
3029:
3013:
2998:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2898:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2839:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2793:Barn swallow
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2748:Hill swallow
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2703:Blue swallow
2697:
2681:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2624:Ptyonoprogne
2622:
2606:
2590:
2574:
2560:Pseudhirundo
2558:
2542:
2533:
2530:Cuban martin
2524:
2515:
2506:
2498:Progne subis
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2454:
2438:
2429:
2413:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2363:
2347:
2331:
2315:
2306:
2292:Pygochelidon
2290:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2240:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2149:Tree swallow
2136:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2072:Congo martin
2059:
2043:
2027:
2011:
1995:
1979:
1963:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1895:
1879:
1870:
1854:
1829:
1826:Species list
1813:
1802:
1796:folktale of
1787:
1778:house martin
1775:
1762:barn swallow
1703:habitat loss
1692:
1663:
1656:Song of the
1631:
1615:
1574:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:Ptyonoprogne
1544:
1540:
1534:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1445:sparrowhawks
1429:
1424:tree swallow
1397:
1362:
1345:
1312:Indian Ocean
1297:
1289:
1266:
1256:
1253:
1230:
1218:
1191:
1167:
1165:
1027:
1026:
1009:
1008:
986:Pygochelidon
984:
983:
959:
958:
934:
933:
909:
908:
884:
883:
858:
857:
815:
814:
797:
796:
772:
771:
731:
730:
715:Pseudhirundo
713:
712:
654:
653:
636:
635:
602:
601:
584:
583:
543:
542:
527:Ptyonoprogne
525:
524:
485:
484:
459:
458:
439:Hirundinidae
406:
401:
386:
380:
373:
339:
323:
320:Hirundininae
319:
315:
305:
303:
291:Hirundinidae
276:
262:Hirundinidae
261:
257:
253:
249:
247:
240:
222:Hirundinidae
221:
137:
40:
6277:iNaturalist
6158:Wikispecies
6048:Tree martin
5906:Rock martin
5675:Orochelidon
5558:Tachycineta
5527:Pale martin
5522:Sand martin
5481:Phedinopsis
5387:(saw-wings)
4885:27 November
4024:Ornithology
3641:Gill, Frank
3414:(1496): 16.
3123:Tree martin
2653:Rock martin
2365:Orochelidon
2246:Gould, 1842
2138:Tachycineta
2090:Pale martin
2081:Sand martin
1997:Phedinopsis
1809:war pigeons
1622:clutch size
1436:territorial
1358:New Zealand
1281:crag martin
1277:sand martin
1213:sand martin
1188:Description
1029:Orochelidon
886:Tachycineta
817:Phedinopsis
365:Pnoepygidae
330:sand martin
6400:Categories
6093:Cheramoeca
5538:Neophedina
5442:Cheramoeca
5044:2009-03-01
5006:2009-03-01
4907:2022-07-21
4740:The Condor
4511:Bird Study
3649:"Swallows"
3610:: 108111.
3137:References
2592:Cheramoeca
1965:Neophedina
1734:Hispaniola
1699:extinction
1695:threatened
1626:incubation
1537:woodpecker
1374:hibernated
1198:passerines
799:Neophedina
733:Cheramoeca
421:Frank Gill
349:Sylvioidea
273:Antarctica
227:Rafinesque
208:Suborder:
55:to present
32:Swallowing
6411:Songbirds
5173:(1911). "
5151:(1911). "
4672:0003-3472
4277:Oecologia
3758:0003-0147
3696:0012-4966
3570:0027-8424
3176:"Swallow"
2999:Atronanus
1557:Atronanus
1396:, in his
1382:Aristotle
1370:antiquity
1349:sea level
1316:migratory
1269:hirundine
1237:nightjars
1172:from the
586:Atronanus
409:cladogram
377:splitting
269:songbirds
266:passerine
258:saw-wings
168:Kingdom:
162:Eukaryota
6416:Swallows
6143:Wikidata
5964:Cecropis
5927:Delichon
5705:Atticora
5236:Swallows
5135:Swallows
5084:USGS.gov
4938:Archived
4916:cite web
4879:Archived
4861:85973776
4715:Archived
4696:Archived
4680:53185342
4633:21128259
4625:17753777
4389:53193659
4305:28312213
4174:Archived
3933:85260912
3842:86592049
3766:28514631
3624:38801965
3459:15737595
3387:30936315
3287:2246/830
3260:(1815).
2900:Cecropis
2841:Delichon
2242:Atticora
1842:Species
1714:Thailand
1561:Delichon
1549:Cecropis
1498:Breeding
961:Atticora
656:Cecropis
604:Delichon
361:cupwings
342:polymath
299:migrants
250:swallows
218:Family:
182:Chordata
178:Phylum:
172:Animalia
158:Domain:
5803:Hirundo
5501:Riparia
5461:Phedina
5369:Species
5291:Species
5262:genus:
5260:·
5198:. 1905.
5190:Swallow
5175:Swallow
5159:(ed.).
5143:. 1914.
4978:4160543
4760:1367096
4605:Bibcode
4597:Science
4582:1938676
4562:Bibcode
4554:Ecology
4519:Bibcode
4431:1369987
4285:Bibcode
4246:Bibcode
4219:1365178
4145:Bibcode
3977:4083540
3822:Bibcode
3774:3923166
3588:8516319
3548:Bibcode
3439:Bibcode
3378:6475423
3355:Bibcode
3314:Bibcode
2683:Hirundo
2061:Riparia
2029:Phedina
1766:Estonia
1730:Jamaica
1541:Hirundo
1449:hobbies
1365:migrate
1182:Miocene
1178:Siberia
860:Riparia
774:Phedina
545:Hirundo
431:(IOC).
402:Hirundo
388:Hirundo
369:Miocene
359:to the
287:Ireland
281:in the
254:martins
235:Genera
212:Passeri
198:Order:
188:Class:
46:Swallow
6383:196063
6370:129831
6357:897681
6341:NZOR:
6308:178423
6295:105033
6230:1HIRUF
6149:Q39861
5620:Progne
5240:family
5155:". In
5153:Martin
5065:
4976:
4859:
4758:
4678:
4670:
4631:
4623:
4580:
4429:
4411:Condor
4387:
4311:
4303:
4217:
4199:Condor
4087:
4062:
4031:
3975:
3931:
3840:
3795:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3694:
3659:27 May
3622:
3586:
3576:
3568:
3517:
3457:
3385:
3375:
3240:
3210:
2456:Progne
1794:Korean
1639:fledge
1488:swifts
1484:niches
1471:Acacia
1434:, are
1386:storks
1378:torpor
1273:burrow
1261:syrinx
1233:swifts
1223:foveae
1202:flight
911:Progne
417:genera
397:sister
357:sister
325:Progne
318:) and
295:genera
256:, and
229:, 1815
6378:WoRMS
6334:43148
6290:IRMNG
6282:11853
6243:10864
5357:Genus
5279:Genus
4974:JSTOR
4857:S2CID
4756:JSTOR
4736:(PDF)
4676:S2CID
4629:S2CID
4578:JSTOR
4427:JSTOR
4407:(PDF)
4385:S2CID
4354:(PDF)
4343:Ardea
4339:(PDF)
4313:52596
4309:S2CID
4215:JSTOR
4195:(PDF)
3973:JSTOR
3929:S2CID
3838:S2CID
3770:S2CID
3579:46790
3408:(PDF)
3185:8 May
3160:8 May
1839:Genus
1836:Image
1697:with
1666:calls
1645:Calls
1466:wasps
1390:kites
1194:clade
393:basal
310:(the
260:, or
6329:NCBI
6303:ITIS
6269:5248
6264:GBIF
6225:EPPO
6217:7544
6191:1190
6186:BOLD
5096:2011
5063:ISBN
4922:link
4887:2007
4668:ISSN
4621:PMID
4481:Ibis
4446:Ibis
4301:PMID
4085:ISBN
4060:ISBN
4029:ISBN
3793:ISBN
3762:PMID
3754:ISSN
3692:ISSN
3661:2024
3620:PMID
3584:PMID
3566:ISSN
3515:ISBN
3455:PMID
3383:PMID
3238:ISBN
3208:ISBN
3187:2024
3162:2024
3155:RSPB
1760:The
1720:and
1681:The
1618:eggs
1616:The
1559:and
1527:Two
1464:and
1462:bees
1447:and
1388:and
1326:The
1279:and
1247:and
1235:and
285:and
248:The
192:Aves
60:Preęž’
6316:NBN
6212:EoL
6204:B3Y
6199:CoL
6173:AFD
5192:".
5177:".
5137:".
4849:doi
4845:120
4791:doi
4748:doi
4660:doi
4650:".
4613:doi
4601:224
4570:doi
4527:doi
4489:doi
4485:149
4454:doi
4450:117
4419:doi
4415:101
4377:doi
4293:doi
4254:doi
4238:Emu
4207:doi
4153:doi
4137:Emu
4118:doi
4004:doi
4000:201
3994:".
3963:doi
3955:Auk
3919:doi
3882:hdl
3872:doi
3830:doi
3818:257
3746:doi
3742:189
3719:doi
3684:doi
3612:doi
3608:197
3574:PMC
3556:doi
3447:doi
3373:PMC
3363:doi
3351:116
3322:doi
3283:hdl
1176:of
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