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161:
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22:
715:
886:. There is always, except immediately after a station, a sign indicating the speed restriction of the section in advance, followed by the speed restriction sign itself and then a final signal that ends the speed restriction. When several speeds are shown, the lower one still applies to trains of higher category and the upper one to the lower category.
227:
proceed at a speed slow enough that they may stop short of any obstruction de 40 km/h. This restrictive procedure requires very slow operation. There is a complementary signal, shown below, which gives the order 'Proceed on sight' without needing a written order, so as to avoid huge delays in case a signal breaks down.
389:
192:. The driver must act accordingly to prepare for the situation at the home signal. Distant signals are always square while home signals are round (N) or elongated (L). Signals are always placed on the left except on tracks normally operated in both directions or where visibility requires a different position.
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has been developed. The signal can then be presented on the same plate is a distant signal (warning or announcement of speed), an image of the home signal (track clear, stop or speed limit). To be recognized as a home signal, where the alignment of the lamps would not allow, the combined signal has a
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Auxiliary signals are used to send permission to pass a signal which has failed or is showing the 'stop' aspect. This avoids the use of formal orders which would delay trains too much. An auxiliary signal allows the driver to proceed at sight without needing communication between the driver and the
226:
A signal presenting the 'stop' aspect cannot be passed under any circumstances without a formal order from the train controller. This order can be transmitted in writing or by radio. In the latter case the driver must repeat the order word for word. Once this order has been received, the driver can
222:
The speed reductions imposed by type L signals, when they are protecting a station or a crossover, only apply to the points zone protected by the signal and not normally to the stretch of track beyond the points. Thus if a signal presents the aspect 2 (maximum speed 40 km/h at the signal), the
889:
In the example presented on the left, at the top is an advance warning for a speed restricted section, in the middle the sign to start the speed restriction and below the sign to end the speed restriction and return to normal speed. There are also round speed restriction signs, with orange or green
792:
A grouped signal is an L type signal which applies to several tracks, usually in stations. The rules covering the presence of several trains waiting at a grouped signal dictate that the traffic controller must indicate to all trains that the signal will pass to 'go' and that they must not start.
416:
Speed signalling is no longer based on combinations of green and yellow, but on one colour accompanied by a single digit display indicating the speed. Thus the green aspect means 'track clear' and if a digit is displayed, with a speed restriction. The yellow aspect still means a warning or a speed
881:
In
Switzerland, the speed of a section is indicated on the route instructions a document that the driver uses to know the speed limits for each part of the route he uses. However, the curves to be negotiated at low speed are indicated by signs and are only mentioned in the route instructions. The
749:
Dwarf signals are usually positioned on the left of the tracks and only apply to that track. In case it is positioned on the right hand side of the track it has an illuminated indicator (arrow) to make clear for which track it is valid. They are set to allow the passage of trains as well as the
606:
In
Switzerland, shunting manoeuvres can be controlled either by shunting signals or dwarf signals. The maximum speed allowed for shunting is 30 km/h. This can be increased in special cases to 40 km/h. In any case speed must be compatible with visibility, local conditions and braking
807:
An illuminated numeric display is used to indicate which track is concerned by the signal, track 1 always being the one closest to the station building. Trains standing on other tracks know that this signal implies the 'halt' aspect for their tracks. 'Track free' indicators are also used which
223:
40 km/h limit applies from the signal and over the points concerned. ; as soon as the train has passed the last points in deviated position it can accelerate to the operating speed. This way of operating requires that the drivers understand for any signal which points are concerned.
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project and shows a clear influence of the Dutch NS'54 system. In contrast to the latter the type N uses the 3 coloured lights in a triangular position, whereas the Dutch system positions them in a vertical line. There are more differences, mainly signalling an occupied section of track to the
412:
In contrast to L type signals, not all N type home signals are preceded by a distant signal, as all N signals are capable of speed signalling and thus play the role of a distant signal. Thus, if a driver passes an N type signal showing a speed aspect, he must maintain this speed until he has
797:
212:
203:(SBB) are progressively replacing L type signals by N type signals, because N type signals are more complete, better adapted to high speed operation (>140 km/h), allowing greater fluidity and thus increasing capacity. Most other Swiss railway companies only use L type signals.
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to the driver. He will then know that boarding is complete, the doors are closed and that he may depart. This signal is actuated by the guard just before boarding himself. These signals are to be found along the platform and sometimes at the departure signal.
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In combined L-type signals the distant signal âtrack clearâ is not shown but implied by the âproceedâ aspect. If two successive signals show speed limits, the first speed limit shown must be applied from the second signal, even if not shown explicitly.
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According to the rules, light signals are used for main line traffic or shunting. N and L type signals are used for main line traffic and are not to be taken account of during shunting. Shunting signals do not apply to main line movements.
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152:(in Italian)), of which the latest version was issued in 2012, valid since 1 July 2012 and are based on article 11a of the Ordinance of 23 November 1983 on the Construction and Operation of the Railways (Railways Ordinance, RailO).
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Shunting signals are older technology and comprise fewer safety features. They control shunting paths and are not fitted with interlocks,. The driver must therefore ensure that points are set correctly through their intended path.
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Whatever kind of signal is used, the permission to move is given to the guard in charge who will then himself authorize the movement to start. This is to avoid accidents to the team who may be working on a vehicle.
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Other signals include, for example, an indication that a passenger has requested a stop at a request stop, the voltage in a variable voltage section or an order to test the brakes.
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In some cases, mostly entering stations, home signals and distant signals can be found on the same mast; in this case the distant signal is linked to the next home signal.
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Signalling is governed by strict rules, released by the
Federal Office of Transport. The rules for railway operation are laid out in the Swiss Rail Service Regulations (
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560:, reduce speed to be able to stop at the signal after next, which is showing the 'stop' aspect and is closer than the normal braking distance to the next signal.
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indicate which aspect applies to track where the indicator is installed. In this example, the driver knows that the signal with aspect 2 permits him to start.
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restriction if a digit is displayed and a red aspect remains an absolute stop signal, only to be passed with a formal order or with safety equipment deployed.
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Complementary signals are mostly used with type L signals, but some are used with type N. They can also be independent of either type. Mostly they are used
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In contrast to shunting signals, dwarf signals protect paths and are interlocked. Points in zones equipped with dwarf signals do not have points indicators.
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There are many types of complementary light signals to be found on the Swiss
Federal Railways network. Only the most common ones will be shown here.
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L type signals remain the most widespread in the country. It authorizes trains to proceed at their normal speed, to slow them down or to stop them.
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systems used in
Switzerland by the different railway companies. There are two main types of signal, used up to 160 km/h, above which speed
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In sidings where there are no signals and the points are operated manually, orders are given by hand signals, acoustic signals or by radio.
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N type signals are progressively replacing L type signals on the CFF/SBB network and are starting to be used by other companies, mostly the
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Swiss light signals are divided into two classes, recognizable by the difference in shape of the signal: type L (for Light) and type N (for
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equipment, though can be found as an upright rectangle on the switch signal when it is pointed onto the track where the OLE ends:
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There are a number of signs that are all designed to protect or to indicate a fixed feature such as a speed restriction or a
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926:
Start of a neutral zone; without electric power. Electric locomotives must open the main circuit breaker before this sign.
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In order to distinguish clearly between the two, distant signals use square plates while home signals use circular plates.
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End of a neutral zone; without electric power. Electric locomotives may close the main circuit breaker after this sign.
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870:. The signs can be for mainline traffic, shunting traffic or both. They are usually located on the left of the track.
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standard light signals for mainline movements. The last dwarf signal before entering the main line will show a
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257: : The track ahead is clear. The train is permitted to travel at any speed up to the current line limit.
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540:, speed limit 40 km/h, the next section is obstructed and the driver must be ready to halt the train.
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End of
Overhead Line Electrification; Electric locomotives must not pass this sign. Usually placed on the
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301: : Max speed 60 km/h for the points in diverging position. Takes precedence over line limits.
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511:, speed limit 40 km/h, the next signal is at stop and closer than normal stopping distance.
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Signs are used to protect or indicate a fixed feature such as a speed limit or a level crossing.
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circumference, which apply only to tilting trains. These signals operate on the same principle.
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Shunt limit; Shunting trains may not pass this sign. Usually found near yards and stations.
723:: for a moving train: stop before the signal. For a stationary train: do not start to move.
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recognized the aspect of the next signal, which may continue to impose a speed restriction.
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340: : Max speed 20 km/h, the next signal shows 'stop' and is at reduced distance.
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to communicate orders and information which cannot be communicated with standard signals
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https://www.styria-mobile.at/home/Austro-SwissRailwaySignalling/asr/ensigchbegriff.html
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or ZUB 121, so locomotives only used for shunting are not equipped with these systems.
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172:(digital)). Type L was developed many years ago. The N system was developed for the
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Shunting signals are not integrated with automatic train protection systems such as
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731:: start or continue to move, expecting an obstacle at any point after the signal.
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Horn/Whistle sign; Drivers shall blow their horn/whistle when passing this sign
667:: The driver must halt before the signal or the points protected by the signal.
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Railway signalling systems used in
Switzerland by different railway companies
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Shunting signals can protect one or more sets of points within a zone.
739:: start or continue to move, the next dwarf signal shows at minimum a
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406:
323: : Max speed 90 km/h for the points in diverging position.
279: : Max speed 40 km/h for the points in diverging position
780:
to mitigate difficulties caused by the use of replacement equipment
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Many other signs exist of which a small sample are shown here:
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This system is rather slow, so complementary signals are used.
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On lines where the blocks are relatively close a system called
793:
The train which has not received this order is free to depart.
15:
652:
Shunting allowed for the area defined by local prescriptions
483:
to the displayed digit x 10 km/h (here 70 km/h)
828:
The auxiliary signal for N type signals is flashing red.
844:
In some stations, signals are needed to communicate the
645:: No shunting in the area defined by local prescriptions
180:
In both systems, as is true elsewhere in the world, a
215:
Example of a 'slow' instruction to the required speed
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
788:Complementary signals for grouped L type signals
150:Prescrizioni sulla circolazione dei treni (PCT)
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882:signs for these speed restrictions are called
184:tells the driver the aspect of the following
146:Prescriptions de circulation des trains (PCT)
8:
1393:Interoperable Communications Based Signaling
777:to solve problems posed by grouped L signals
1328:Automatic Train Protection (United Kingdom)
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1074:
1066:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
362: : Trains must stop at home signal
1293:Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System
994:
1453:Train Protection & Warning System
815:Auxiliary signal illuminated beneath.
7:
1186:Integrated Electronic Control Centre
682:: The driver may start or continue.
44:adding citations to reliable sources
1448:Train automatic stopping controller
1368:Continuous Automatic Warning System
699:Dwarf signals have three aspects:
1128:Communications-based train control
14:
1798:Railway signalling in Switzerland
385:distinctive supplementary plate.
164:Example of an L type light signal
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758:aspect for a shunting movement.
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1610:Westinghouse Brake & Signal
1373:ContrĂŽle de vitesse par balises
1239:North American railroad signals
31:needs additional citations for
1468:Transmission balise-locomotive
1433:Sistema Controllo Marcia Treno
1343:Automatische treinbeĂŻnvloeding
1229:Application of railway signals
1003:"Fahrdienstvorschriften (FDV)"
1:
1418:Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung
1138:European Train Control System
680:OK to start shunting movement
1358:Chinese Train Control System
1148:Radio Electronic Token Block
1123:Centralized traffic control
1028:"Eisenbahnverordnung (EBV)"
832:Other complementary signals
766:Complementary light signals
1814:
1323:Automatic train protection
55:"Swiss railway signalling"
1615:Westinghouse Rail Systems
1473:Transmission Voie-Machine
1318:Automatic train operation
1270:Track circuit interrupter
1118:Automatic block signaling
1113:Absolute block signalling
1051:PCT R300.4, chiffre 3.6.1
884:'low speed section signs'
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455:, proceed at line speed.
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1413:Pulse code cab signaling
1338:Automatic Warning System
1244:Railway semaphore signal
1206:Solid State Interlocking
754:aspect for a train or a
122:Swiss railway signalling
1313:Automatic train control
800:Example of group signal
509:Obstruction close ahead
376:Combined L Type(K type)
1489:Level crossing signals
1408:Positive Train Control
1403:Linienzugbeeinflussung
1133:Direct traffic control
1060:PCT R300.1, définition
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841:
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665:Stop shunting movement
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201:Swiss Federal Railways
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142:Fahrdienstvorschriften
1211:Westlock Interlocking
1201:Rail operating centre
1163:Train order operation
1158:Track Warrant Control
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1333:Automatic train stop
825:traffic controller.
756:Proceed with caution
741:proceed with caution
729:Proceed with caution
40:improve this article
1032:Swiss Confederation
643:Shunting prohibited
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1173:Signalling control
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1595:Smith and Yardley
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877:Speed restriction
820:Auxiliary signals
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481:Speed restriction
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188:according to the
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1661:Transport Canada
1545:General Electric
1482:Crossing signals
1363:Cityflo 650 CBTC
1285:Train protection
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602:Shunting signals
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588:at the signal.
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428:Distant aspect
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236:Distant Signal
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1234:Cab signalling
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124:describes the
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96:September 2014
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1626:
1624:Organisations
1622:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:Progress Rail
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
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1548:
1546:
1543:
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1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:Manufacturers
1516:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Trainguard MT
1461:
1459:
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1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
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1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:Track circuit
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1251:
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1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
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1199:
1197:
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1192:
1189:
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1164:
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1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1105:Block systems
1102:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1057:
1054:
1048:
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1033:
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1023:
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1004:
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989:
985:
982:
981:
977:
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929:
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869:
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858:
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853:
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838:
831:
829:
826:
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779:
776:
775:
774:
771:
765:
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759:
757:
753:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
716:
711:
707:
703:
700:
697:
692:Dwarf signals
691:
689:
681:
678:
675:
671:
670:
666:
663:
660:
656:
655:
651:
644:
641:
638:
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629:
626:
625:
622:
619:
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527:
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522:
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426:
421:
418:
414:
410:
408:
400:
398:
390:
386:
383:
375:
368:
364:
361:
360:âStopâ Aspect
358:
355:
351:
350:
346:
342:
339:
336:
334:
333:
329:
325:
322:
319:
316:
312:
311:
307:
303:
300:
297:
294:
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289:
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268:
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259:
256:
253:
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246:
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231:
228:
224:
220:
213:
206:
204:
202:
197:
193:
191:
187:
183:
178:
175:
171:
162:
156:Light signals
155:
153:
151:
148:(in French),
147:
144:(in German),
143:
136:Legal aspects
135:
133:
132:is required.
131:
127:
123:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: â
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1766:
1605:Union Switch
1509:Wayside horn
1353:Catch points
1260:Axle counter
1191:Interlocking
1143:Moving block
1056:
1047:
1037:11 September
1035:. Retrieved
1031:
1022:
1012:11 September
1010:. Retrieved
1006:
997:
892:
888:
883:
880:
865:
862:
854:
851:
845:
843:
827:
823:
806:
803:
791:
772:
769:
760:
755:
751:
748:
740:
736:
728:
720:
698:
695:
687:
679:
664:
649:
642:
620:
616:
609:
605:
585:
557:
552:
537:
508:
480:
452:
434:Home aspect
419:
415:
411:
404:
395:
381:
379:
359:
337:
320:
298:
276:
254:
242:Home signal
229:
225:
221:
218:
198:
194:
190:block system
179:
169:
167:
149:
145:
141:
139:
121:
120:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1767:Switzerland
1742:New Zealand
1737:Netherlands
1443:Slide fence
1196:Lever frame
453:Track clear
186:home signal
1675:By country
1458:Train stop
1423:RS4 Codici
1181:Block post
990:References
846:right away
840:Right away
558:Prewarning
66:newspapers
1682:Australia
1535:AĆœD Praha
1494:Crossbuck
1398:Crocodile
553:no aspect
174:Rail 2000
170:numérique
1792:Category
1772:Thailand
1580:Safetran
1570:Magnetic
1555:Griswold
1504:E-signal
978:See Also
902:Meaning
743:aspect.
708:Meaning
705:Aspects
630:Meaning
627:Aspects
431:Meaning
382:combined
338:Aspect 6
321:Aspect 5
299:Aspect 3
277:Aspect 2
255:Aspect 1
239:Meaning
177:driver.
1717:Germany
1707:Finland
1692:Belgium
1687:Bavaria
1590:Siemens
1565:Hitachi
1540:Federal
1525:Adtranz
1428:SelTrac
1275:Treadle
1221:Signals
899:Aspect
752:Proceed
737:Proceed
607:power.
80:scholar
1762:Sweden
1757:Poland
1752:Norway
1722:Greece
1712:France
1697:Canada
1600:Thales
1530:Alstom
1499:Wigwag
1378:EBICAB
1348:Balise
401:N Type
207:L type
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1732:Japan
1727:Italy
1702:China
1636:AREMA
1585:Saxby
1438:SACEM
1383:IIATS
1308:ATACS
1153:Token
859:Signs
87:JSTOR
73:books
1656:IRSE
1651:HMRI
1560:Hall
1303:ASFA
1298:ALSN
1039:2014
1014:2014
721:Stop
586:Stop
199:The
59:news
1666:UIC
1646:FRA
1641:ERA
1631:AAR
1550:GRS
1007:BAV
952:OLE
577:or
529:or
500:or
472:or
444:or
407:BLS
42:by
1794::
1030:.
1005:.
409:.
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
1041:.
1016:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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