5865:
648:
670:
1005:
750:
1039:, he having been slain by Arthur with Excalibur in a duel involving a false Excalibur (Morgan also secretly makes at least one duplicate of Excalibur during the time when the sword is entrusted to her by Arthur earlier in the different French, Iberian and English variants of that story). During Morgan's flight from the pursuit by Arthur, the sheath is then thrown by her into a deep lake and lost. This act later enables the death of Arthur, deprived of its magical protection, many years later in
58:
1109:
1176:. When drawn by a worthy or well-born man, the entire blade would blaze with fire. Rhydderch was never reluctant to hand the weapon to anyone, hence his nickname Hael "the Generous", but the recipients, as soon as they had learned of its peculiar properties, always rejected the sword. There are other similar weapons described in other mythologies as well. Irish mythology features Caladbolg, the sword of
5648:
5636:
3450:
3462:
3474:
1140:, as also foretold in Merlin's prophecies. This powerful yet cursed weapon, known as the Adventurous Sword among other names, has also come from Avalon; it is first stolen and wielded by Balin until his death while killing his own brother, then is briefly taken up by Galahad, and eventually is used by
1030:
is also said to have powers of its own, as any wounds received while wearing it would not bleed at all, thus preventing the wearer from ever bleeding to death in battle. For this reason, Merlin chides Arthur for preferring
Excalibur over its sheath, saying that the latter is the greater treasure. The
922:
continuation from the earlier cycle, choosing to add an original account of Arthur's early days including a new origin for
Excalibur. In some versions, Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides: "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar). In addition, it said that when Excalibur
789:
to cast
Excalibur into a nearby lake. After two failed attempts to deceive Arthur, since Griflet felt that such a great sword should not be thrown away, he finally does comply with the wounded king's request. A woman's hand emerges from the lake to catch Excalibur, after which
746:, succeeds effortlessly. Arthur first achieves this feat by accident while unaware of the contest and unseen. He then returns the sword to its place in the anvil on a stone, and later repeats the act publicly as Merlin comes to announce his true parentage.
1091:, features Arthur who was brought back to life by Morgan and then wandered the world for a long time while mad and able to talk only when having Excalibur in his hands. Finally, Morgan finds her brother imprisoned in the contemporary (15th-century)
704:, the first known tale to mention the "sword in the stone" motif, Arthur obtained the British throne by pulling a sword from an anvil sitting atop a stone that appeared in a churchyard on Christmas Eve. In this account, as foretold by
1043:. In Malory's telling, the scabbard is never found again. In the Post-Vulgate, however, it is recovered and claimed by another fay, Marsique, who then briefly gives it to Gawain to help him fight Naborn the Enchanter (a
1413:
There drew he forth the brand
Excalibur, / And o'er him, drawing it, the winter moon, / Brightening the skirts of a long cloud, ran forth / And sparkled keen with frost against the hilt / For all the haft twinkled with
5864:
174:
are not the same weapon, even as in some versions of the legend both of them share the name of
Excalibur. Several similar swords and other weapons also appear within Arthurian texts, as well as in other legends.
1196:, which is an Irish term meaning "sword of light", or "shining sword", appears in a number of orally transmitted Irish folk-tales. The Sword in the Stone has an analogue in some versions of the story of
847:
where both cycles locate the battle, as do the
English romances) by Griflet in the same circumstances as told in the story's Vulgate version. Malory included both of these stories in his now-iconic
307:
and D. Simon Evans. They suggest instead that both names "may have similarly arisen at a very early date as generic names for a sword". In the late 15th to early 16th-century Middle
Cornish play
6144:
895:
on the golden hilt; when the sword was unsheathed what was seen from the mouths of the two chimeras was like two flames of fire, so dreadful that it was not easy for anyone to look."
1180:, which was also known for its incredible power and was carried by some of Ireland's greatest heroes. The name, which can also mean "hard cleft" in Irish, appears in the plural,
726:, "whoso pulleth out this sword of this stone and anvil, is rightwise king born of all England.") The scene is set by different authors at either explicitly London (historical
1839:
Bryant, Nigel (ed, trans), Merlin and the Grail: Joseph of
Arimathea, Merlin, Perceval: the Trilogy of Prose Romances Attributed to Robert de Boron, DS Brewer, 2001, p. 107ff.
1256:. Marmiadoise's powers (such as causing wounds that would never heal) are in fact so superior compared to those of Excalibur that Arthur gives his old sword to Gawain.
738:. After many of the gathered nobles try and fail to complete Merlin's challenge, the teenage Arthur, who up to this point had believed himself to be biological son of
1232:, Clarent is the royal sword of peace meant for knighting and ceremonies as opposed to battle, which Mordred stole and then used to kill Arthur at Camlann. The Prose
4460:
4514:
914:. Its role was expanded upon in the Vulgate Cycle and in the Post-Vulgate Cycle which emerged in its wake. Both of these prose cycles incorporated the Prose
5996:
4427:
1165:
5594:
3251:
2622:
875:
the
Irishman to kill the Irish king Diwrnach while stealing his magical cauldron. Though not named as Caledfwlch, Arthur's sword is described vividly in
5651:
3511:
1216:. Apart from legendary swords, the only real ancient Sword in the Stone which still exists nowadays is kept since the medieval ages in the Chapel of
823:, written soon afterwards, Arthur's sword drawn from the stone is unnamed. Furthermore, the young Arthur promptly breaks it in his duel against King
5686:
3371:
1303:
in 1191. On 6 March 1191, after the Treaty of
Messina, either this or another claimed Excalibur was given as a gift of goodwill by the English king
1014:
647:
327:. It is unclear if the name was borrowed from the Welsh (if so, it must have been an early loan, for phonological reasons), or represents an early,
851:
while naming each of the swords as Excalibur: both the first one (from the stone), soon shattered in combat in a story taken from the Post-Vulgate
669:
4819:
2461:
910:. When his influential pseudo-history made it to continental Europe, writers altered the name further until it finally took on the popular form
4477:
2508:
5549:
4809:
1220:
at Montesiepi in Tuscany, Italy; it is associated with the 12th-century Italian legend of that saint in the tale of "Tuscany's Excalibur".
1062:
with Excalibur. This is, however, in contrast to most versions, where Excalibur belongs solely to Arthur. A few texts, such as the English
663:(1906). Here, as in many more modern depictions of this scene, there is no anvil and the sword is lodged directly within the stone itself
1398:
1299:
Historically, a sword identified as Excalibur (Caliburn) was supposedly discovered during the exhumation of Arthur's purported grave at
734:(which can be a city and also associated with London), and might have been inspired by a miracle attributed to the 11th-century bishop
5639:
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carries Excalibur, "for at his belt hung Escalibor, the finest sword that there was, which sliced through iron as through wood" ("
5825:
931:
2944:
2806:
1004:
923:
was first drawn in combat, in the first battle testing Arthur's sovereignty, its blade shone so bright it blinded his enemies.
1773:
Blacker, Jean (1996). "Will the Real Brut Please Stand Up? Wace's Roman de Brut in Anglo-Norman and Continental Manuscripts".
5615:
4283:
2615:
1376:
597:
found in various continental manuscripts). Various other spellings in the later medieval Arthurian literature have included
6154:
5785:
4446:
3547:
3504:
700:
1271:, where Arthur uses it to slice the witch Orddu in half. Rhongomyniad ("spear" + "striker, slayer") is also mentioned in
6159:
5873:
5679:
5474:
2896:
2861:
654:
5609:
4909:
3366:
1633:
2021:
thenne he drewe his swerd Excalibur, but it was so breyght in his enemyes eyen that it gaf light lyke thirty torchys.
5935:
1315:
monarchs, such as their association of the crown of King Arthur with the crown they won from the slain Welsh prince
990:). It is from this fanciful etymological musing that Thomas Malory got the notion that Excalibur meant 'cut steel' (
5810:
5599:
3943:
3580:
3414:
3024:
2761:
1063:
31:
6149:
6134:
5704:
4494:
2608:
354:
337:
6164:
5930:
5820:
5589:
3497:
1667:
749:
1605:
Ivor Arnold's edition uses 22 manuscripts including fragments, and as to base text, considers the continental
1683:
827:
very early in his reign. On Merlin's advice, Arthur then goes with him to be given the actual Excalibur by a
5672:
4724:
4634:
4348:
4221:
3701:
2643:
1594:
1328:
1308:
167:
831:
in exchange for a later boon for her (some time later, she arrives at Arthur's court to demand the head of
5533:
5324:
5319:
1991:
1291:("fair face") is the name of Arthur's ship while his shield is named Wynebgwrthucher ("face of evening").
1228:
A number of different swords and other weapons have been also associated with Arthur. In the Alliterative
680:
468:(1134–1140), mentions Arthur and his sword: "this Constantine was the nephew of Arthur, who had the sword
221:
1365:
Le Roux de Lincy relied on continental manuscripts, but there were insular (Anglo-Norman) copies as well.
5770:
5364:
5269:
4814:
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3635:
3376:
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2016:
1975:
877:
709:
128:
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3573:
3566:
1050:
As mentioned above, Excalibur is wielded also by Gawain in some French romances, including the Vulgate
927:
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1316:
1304:
735:
722:
276:
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5500:
5379:
5079:
4964:
4834:
4829:
4719:
4339:
3963:
3923:
3908:
3778:
1875:"The Staff in the Stone: Finding Arthur's Sword in the 'Vita Sancti Edwardi' of Aelred of Rievaulx"
1584:
1177:
892:
463:
57:
1850:
Morte Darthur: Sir Thomas Malory's Book of King Arthur and of His Noble Knights of the Round Table
1108:
1095:, where she restores him to his mind by making him gaze upon his reflection in Excalibur's blade.
5940:
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1407:
812:
409:
4278:
1558:
17:
1637:
1077:(in the first of these, he also uses it to kill Lucius). In the Iberian post-Arthurian romance
5976:
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258:
47:
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3520:
3313:
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1886:
1405:
detail in his poem "Morte d'Arthur", later rewritten as "The Passing of Arthur", one of the
1217:
1205:
1087:
828:
659:
328:
171:
151:
101:
2384:
1761:
No. IV, Bibl. du Roi, No 180 (olim Cangé 600)→ (olim 7515, Colbert 2132 )→BnF fr. 1416, "J"
6092:
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1044:
955:
844:
757:
713:
695:
453:
372:
304:
288:
199:
83:
2264:
902:
is the first non-Welsh text to speak of the sword. Geoffrey says the sword was forged in
2600:
2596:
The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester: Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone
6087:
5815:
5800:
5739:
5564:
5369:
5344:
5184:
5059:
4804:
4759:
4729:
4699:
4689:
4545:
4406:
4263:
4196:
4043:
4038:
3998:
3798:
3478:
3466:
3276:
3241:
3195:
1799:
Zimmer, Heinrich. "Bretonische Elemente in der Arthursage des Gottfried von Monmouth",
1543:
1169:
1113:
1092:
891:
being summoned, and saw him rise with Arthur's sword in his hand, with a design of two
773:
210:
188:
2190:
The Arthur of the Iberians: The Arthurian Legends in the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds
6128:
5850:
5394:
5249:
5104:
4894:
4523:
4366:
4216:
4191:
3983:
3863:
3853:
3154:
2939:
2726:
2545:
2438:
1906:
1312:
1032:
943:
Qu'il avoit cainte Escalibor, la meillor espee qui fust, qu'ele trenche fer come fust
791:
785:, when Arthur is at the brink of death, he enigmatically orders his surviving knight
778:
756:, a lake in Cornwall associated with the legend of Excalibur due to its proximity to
717:
485:
105:
2595:
1593:
Text in tome 1 (vv. 1–9004) does not yet mention sword, but Cf. birth of "Artus" at
1591:. Vol. 1. Paris: Société des anciens textes français. pp. i–xiv, lix–lxvi.
996:
the name of it,' said the lady, 'is Excalibur, that is as moche to say, as cut stele
5584:
5389:
5259:
5194:
5189:
5064:
4502:
4298:
4256:
4251:
4206:
4133:
3958:
3828:
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3454:
3409:
3200:
3019:
2949:
1573:
Chaliburne v. 9279, Caliburne v. 10083 Caliburn 11547 Calibuerne 12891 12910 12926.
1264:
1173:
804:
753:
676:
438:
6072:
6047:
5986:
4236:
1347:
Zimmer omits "Chalabrun" counting it as inclusive in 3 occurrences of "Calabrun ".
871:, it is one of Arthur's most valuable possessions and is used by Arthur's warrior
2476:
1144:
to give his former friend Gawain a mortal wound in their long final duel. In the
694:
Romance tradition elaborates on how Arthur came into possession of Excalibur. In
6057:
6027:
5749:
5604:
5454:
5409:
5384:
5204:
4979:
4859:
4619:
4574:
4417:
4374:
4303:
4138:
4048:
3748:
3318:
3236:
3064:
3034:
3004:
2631:
2529:
Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation
1402:
1381:
1253:
1153:, Lancelot pulls other weapons from stone on two occasions. In the Post-Vulgate
1128:
The challenge of drawing a sword from a stone (placed on the river just outside
1009:
269:). The name was later used in Welsh adaptations of foreign material such as the
163:
159:
155:
93:
66:
2408:, 3rd ed. Field, Rev. P. J. C. (1990). 3 vol. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2166:
6067:
6022:
5971:
5835:
5214:
5019:
5009:
4869:
4864:
4849:
4844:
4649:
4624:
4599:
4579:
4422:
4288:
4168:
4158:
4108:
4003:
3928:
3903:
3873:
3813:
3768:
3674:
3221:
3190:
3134:
2851:
2771:
1260:
1209:
1149:
1145:
1137:
883:
872:
457:
310:
1275:, although only in passing; it appears as simply Ron ("spear") in Geoffrey's
1157:, Morgan creates the copies of Excalibur itself as well as of its scabbard.
6007:
5966:
5579:
5444:
5439:
5329:
5314:
5299:
5284:
5029:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4944:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4784:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4714:
4654:
4609:
4604:
4362:
4352:
4334:
4241:
4231:
4148:
4103:
4063:
4053:
3893:
3823:
3758:
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3424:
3185:
3159:
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3069:
2959:
2929:
2881:
2871:
2706:
2701:
2671:
832:
824:
739:
727:
412:
282:
256:. Caledfwlch appears in several early Welsh works, including the prose tale
6077:
2791:
2459:
Ford, P.K. (1983). "On the Significance of some Arthurian Names in Welsh".
1923:
The Lost Tomb of King Arthur: The Search for Camelot and the Isle of Avalon
1752:
No I, Bibl. du Roi, No 27 (olim 7535, Cangé 69)→BnF fr. 1450, Arnold's "H"
3489:
1890:
1192:"), a 10th-century Irish translation of the classical tale. A sword named
1136:, whose achievement of the task indicates that he is destined to find the
6117:
Note: some of the existing swords are named after earlier legendary ones.
6097:
6082:
6062:
6037:
5991:
5945:
5805:
5539:
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5404:
5309:
5244:
5239:
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5119:
4974:
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4914:
4884:
4874:
4839:
4794:
4789:
4779:
4769:
4764:
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4644:
4629:
4614:
4589:
4328:
4324:
4273:
4153:
4128:
4008:
3988:
3918:
3868:
3803:
3773:
3763:
3753:
3733:
3667:
3343:
3333:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3149:
3104:
3074:
2999:
2969:
2934:
2909:
2876:
2841:
2821:
2776:
2731:
2651:
1249:
1141:
1027:
795:
428:
109:
1898:
1874:
1786:
1653:
1267:
that belonged to him. Carnwennan ("little white-hilt") first appears in
855:, and its replacement (from the lake), returned by Bedivere in the end.
720:
related in his English-language Arthurian compilation, the 15th-century
708:, the act could not be performed except by "the true king", meaning the
6102:
5981:
5925:
5795:
5780:
5574:
5569:
5434:
5424:
5414:
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5234:
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5114:
5109:
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5044:
4984:
4969:
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4438:
4389:
4380:
4370:
4358:
4293:
4268:
4163:
4143:
4118:
4113:
4083:
4078:
4018:
3978:
3953:
3898:
3883:
3818:
3788:
3783:
3293:
3259:
3231:
3226:
3059:
3014:
2974:
2924:
2904:
2886:
2866:
2856:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2816:
2811:
2801:
2796:
2721:
2716:
2711:
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2498:
1423:
1415:
1288:
1280:
1201:
1133:
1129:
1074:
1036:
965:
c'est non Ebrieu qui dist en franchois trenche fer & achier et fust
786:
743:
321:, which is etymologically an exact Middle Cornish cognate of the Welsh
166:
of Britain. Traditionally, the sword in the stone that is the proof of
113:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
767:
The identity of this sword as Excalibur is made explicit in the Prose
6052:
6032:
5961:
5840:
5775:
5554:
5495:
5419:
5349:
5229:
5224:
5174:
4949:
4939:
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4854:
4799:
4774:
4739:
4664:
4569:
4385:
4246:
4226:
4211:
4093:
4088:
4073:
3993:
3973:
3968:
3913:
3614:
3338:
3328:
3264:
3180:
3144:
3139:
3109:
3084:
3049:
2964:
2846:
2786:
2696:
2691:
1197:
1112:"How Galahad drew out the sword from the floating stone at Camelot."
937:
903:
794:
appears to take Arthur to Avalon. This motif then became attached to
731:
705:
381:
139:
117:
97:
3843:
2440:
Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale
2280:
History On The Edge: Excalibur and the Borders of Britain, 1100–1300
2361:
Anglo-Norman Studies XXI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998
1638:"Bretonische Elemente in der Arthursage des Gottfried von Monmouth"
1248:, Arthur captures Marmiadoise (Marmydoyse), the marvelous sword of
279:. It is often considered to be related to the phonetically similar
6017:
5696:
5464:
5264:
4919:
4904:
4709:
4704:
4344:
4319:
4201:
4123:
4098:
3938:
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3808:
3738:
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3124:
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2751:
2746:
2656:
1419:
1107:
1003:
888:
799:
748:
5664:
1374:
This line from Malory is also quoted in the 1938 Arthurian novel
1031:
scabbard is, however, soon stolen from Arthur by his half-sister
675:"King Arthur asks the Lady of the Lake for the sword Excalibur".
5915:
5910:
5905:
5139:
5054:
4068:
2954:
2781:
2681:
1525:
Hardy, T. D. and Martin, C. T. (eds./trans.), Gaimar, Geoffrey.
1213:
1189:
479:
5668:
4442:
3493:
2604:
2331:
Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (August 20, 2007).
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
972:, also means 'blade' or 'sword') and comes from medieval Latin
963:
946:"). This statement was probably picked up by the author of the
941:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
562:
554:
548:
540:
532:
524:
518:
512:
506:
498:
483:
473:
461:
1563:. Vol. 2. Paris: Société des anciens textes français. vv.
2047:
Chrétien De Troyes: Le Roman De Perceval ou Le Conte Du Graal
1781:. Indiana University Press. pp. 175–176 and note2, 177, etc.
1758:
No. III, Bibl. du Roi, No 180, Suppl. franç. (olim Cangé 600)
1755:
No. II, Bibl. du Roi, No 73 (olim Cangé 600)→BnF fr. 794, "K"
387:
2385:“In Search of the Once and Future King: Arthur and Edward I”
1236:
of the Vulgate Cycle mentions a sword called Sequence (also
1172:, one of the Three Generous Men of Britain mentioned in the
808:), instead of Griflet, in the English Arthurian tradition.
1862:
https://books.google.com/books?id=8ywEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA267
1311:. It was one of a series of symbolic Arthurian acts by the
839:, it is this sword that is eventually hurled into the pool
2213:
Tri Thlws ar Ddeg, ed. and tr. Bromwich (1978): pp. 240–1.
1585:"Introduction I.—Les mauscrit; V.—Choix du manuscrit base"
685:
King Arthur's Knights: The Tales Retold for Boys and Girls
334:
Welsh author Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his Latin chronicle
2222:
Thurneysen, R. "Zur Keltischen Literatur und Grammatik",
1529:(lines 45–46), Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1889, p. 2.
918:, however the Post-Vulgate authors left out the original
2249:"Tuscany's Excalibur is the real thing, say scientists"
1617:(Penrose) best among the insular (Anglo-Norman) copies.
1259:
Early-Arthurian Welsh tradition knew of a dagger named
1085:) to the eponymous hero. Another late Iberian romance,
1058:
also uniquely tells of Gawain killing the Roman leader
1244:) as borrowed from Arthur by Lancelot. In the Vulgate
958:
name which means in French 'cuts iron, steel, and wood
2239:, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1957, p. 68.
1738:
1497:
1495:
984:'sharp', so there is no direct connection with Latin
475:
Cil Costentin, li niès Artur, Ki out l'espée Caliburc
2552:. University of Michigan Humanities Text Initiative.
2282:(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) p. 212.
1686:, but this was not exhaustive. The forms found were:
365:(possibly influenced by the Medieval Latin spelling
316:
308:
213:
5954:
5883:
5872:
5758:
5712:
5703:
5488:
4562:
4513:
4476:
4399:
4312:
4177:
3721:
3659:
3590:
3546:
3539:
3387:
3359:
3250:
3209:
3173:
2895:
2760:
2642:
1461:
887:(as translated by Jeffrey Gantz): "Then they heard
135:
123:
89:
79:
74:
39:
2475:
2437:
1801:Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur
1642:Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur
447:
441:
432:
6145:Fictional elements introduced in the 11th century
1073:, tell of Arthur using Excalibur to kill his son
742:and went there as a squire to his foster brother
954:, where the author asserts that Escalibor "is a
638:The Sword in the Stone and the Sword in the Lake
1749:. The four 13th cent. mss. he lists are :
1631:(Caveat misspellings, misnumberings, etc. in:)
1132:) also appears in the later Arthurian story of
863:In the Welsh tales, Arthur's sword is known as
497:), composed in Old French, the sword is called
422:
416:
1816:The Roman King Arthur?: Lucius Artorius Castus
1356:Misspelt "Escaliborc" (at v. 13330) by Zimmer.
1168:, is said to be a powerful sword belonging to
1022:In the Post-Vulgate version, used in Malory's
5680:
4454:
3505:
2616:
1627:
1625:
1623:
8:
2358:Harper-Bill, Christopher (August 20, 1999).
1852:. p. 28. J. B. Lippincott and Company, 1868.
1008:"Queen Morgana Loses Excalibur His Sheath."
781:. Eventually, in the cycle's finale Vulgate
202:
4428:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
2387:. Medievalists.net. Retrieved 1 August 2021
1613:(Durham, Cathedral Library, C. IV. 27) and
1166:Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
985:
979:
973:
777:cycle of French romances also known as the
561:(with additional variant spellings such as
403:
375:
366:
358:
335:
322:
298:
292:
280:
270:
241:
225:
191:
5880:
5709:
5687:
5673:
5665:
5595:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
4461:
4447:
4439:
3543:
3512:
3498:
3490:
2623:
2609:
2601:
2318:
2060:Arthurian Tradition and Chrétien de Troyes
1184:, as a generic term for "great swords" in
56:
1513:
1487:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1279:. Geoffrey also names Arthur's shield as
1164:, the Dyrnwyn ("White-Hilt"), one of the
653:Arthur draws the sword from the stone in
1035:in revenge for the death of her beloved
1015:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights
287:, a sword borne by several figures from
4820:Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)
2462:Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies
2167:"Brigantia, Cartimandua and Gwenhwyfar"
1803:, Volume 12, E. Franck's, 1890, p. 236.
1445:
1340:
881:, one of the tales associated with the
402:). Most Celticists consider Geoffrey's
5635:
2444:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.
2436:Bromwich, R.; Simon Evans, D. (1992).
1987:
1971:
1212:where it is embedded by the Norse god
1026:for the second Excalibur, the sword's
36:
2075:, Volume 3. Clarendon, 1990, p. 1301.
2003:
1473:
906:and Latinises the name Caledfwlch as
331:traditional name for Arthur's sword.
7:
5550:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
4810:Constans II (son of Constantine III)
2295:Encyclopedia of Mythological Objects
2224:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie
2118:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
1959:
1676:. Vol. 2. Rouen: Édouard Frère.
1538:Wright, T. (ed.); Gaimar, Geoffrey.
1501:
1307:(Richard the Lionheart) to his ally
275:s (chronicles), which were based on
162:or be associated with the rightful
1848:Sir Thomas Malory, William Caxton.
1489:, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 329.
344:The History of the Kings of Britain
5545:List of legendary kings of Britain
3622:Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain
2540:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2139:Conlee, John (September 1, 1998).
2085:Lacy, Norris J. (August 6, 2010).
1920:Phillips, Graham (11 April 2016).
1711:v. 10341, p. 89; v. 13330, p. 215
936:, Arthur's nephew and best knight
25:
2237:Early Irish history and mythology
2115:Sir Gawain: Knight of the Goddess
2112:Matthews, John (March 25, 2003).
5863:
5826:Sword of State of South Carolina
5646:
5634:
3472:
3460:
3448:
2034:Perceval: The Story of the Grail
1813:Sullivan, Tony (July 14, 2022).
1682:: 51, 88, 213, 215 according to
1081:, Morgan later gifts Excalibur (
668:
646:
303:has been considered unlikely by
170:and the sword given to him by a
18:Sword in the stone (King Arthur)
2575:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia.
2402:The Works of Sir Thomas Malory,
2049:, Librairie Droz, 1959, p. 173.
1462:Bromwich & Simon Evans 1992
1426:-work / Of subtlest jewellery."
1252:, from the latter's descendant
930:' late 12th-century Old French
5616:Vera historia de morte Arthuri
3420:King Arthur's messianic return
2538:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
2292:Bane, Theresa (May 29, 2020).
2269:, TEAMS, retrieved 26-02-2007.
2073:The works of Sir Thomas Malory
1609:(BnF français 1454) best, and
1401:, described the sword in full
968:"; the word for 'steel' here,
760:, a potential location of the
730:) or generally in the land of
357:the name of Arthur's sword as
27:Legendary sword of King Arthur
1:
2559:Merlin: roman du XIIIe siècle
2518:Jones, T.; Jones, G. (1949).
2334:Henry II: New Interpretations
2193:. University of Wales Press.
2032:Bryant, Nigel (trans., ed.).
1948:Merlin: roman du XIIIe siècle
1223:
771:, a part of the 13th-century
491:
347:
263:
2187:Hook, David (15 June 2015).
2091:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
1739:Le Roux de Lincy (1836–1838)
655:Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall
382:
187:ultimately derives from the
5610:Trojan genealogy of Nennius
4910:Eldol, Consul of Gloucester
811:However, in the subsequent
625:, and finally the familiar
315:, Arthur's sword is called
131:, magic weapon, ritual item
6186:
5786:Curved saber of San Martín
5600:Treason of the Long Knives
3689:The Dream of Macsen Wledig
3415:Historicity of King Arthur
2266:Alliterative Morte Arthure
2255:. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
1873:Dutton, Marsha L. (2007).
1819:. Pen and Sword Military.
1583:Arnold, Ivor, ed. (1938).
1557:Arnold, Ivor, ed. (1938).
1540:Gaimar, Havelok et Herward
1122:The Romance of King Arthur
1069:and one copy of the Welsh
859:Other roles and attributes
388:
291:, although a borrowing of
32:Excalibur (disambiguation)
29:
6115:
5861:
5630:
5475:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
4495:Historia Regum Britanniae
3528:
3443:
2577:(London: Garland. 1996).
2557:Micha, Alexandre (1979).
2536:MacKillop, James (1998).
2374:– via Google Books.
2347:– via Google Books.
2308:– via Google Books.
2155:– via Google Books.
2128:– via Google Books.
2101:– via Google Books.
2062:, Columbia, 1949, p. 424.
2036:, DS Brewer, 2006, p. 69.
1829:– via Google Books.
1668:Le Roux de Lincy, Antoine
1099:Connections and analogues
1071:Ymddiddan Arthur a'r Eryr
338:Historia Regum Britanniae
55:
44:
6140:Medieval European swords
5931:Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar
5821:Sword of Saint Wenceslas
5590:Siege of Exeter (c. 630)
2527:Lacy, Norris J. (1996).
2364:. Boydell & Brewer.
1946:Micha, Alexandre (ed.).
1589:Le roman de Brut de Wace
1560:Le roman de Brut de Wace
1397:Nineteenth-century poet
267: 11th–12th century
4725:Camber (legendary king)
4635:Augustine of Canterbury
3055:Lady/Ladies of the Lake
2474:Gantz, Jeffrey (1987).
1723:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1329:List of magical weapons
1309:Tancred, King of Sicily
964:
942:
835:). In the Post-Vulgate
710:divinely appointed king
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
563:
555:
549:
541:
533:
525:
519:
513:
507:
499:
484:
474:
462:
448:
442:
433:
423:
417:
317:
309:
214:
75:In-universe information
5534:Gesta Regum Britanniae
5325:Quintus Laberius Durus
5320:Publius Septimius Geta
4212:Cavall (Cafall, Cabal)
3324:Land/Castle of Maidens
2319:Jones & Jones 1949
2226:, Volume 12, p. 281ff.
2071:Vinaver, Eugène (ed.)
1926:. Simon and Schuster.
1516:, pp. 64–65, 174.
1377:The Sword in the Stone
1224:Arthur's other weapons
1125:
1019:
986:
980:
974:
889:Cadwr Earl of Cornwall
764:
408:to be derivative of a
404:
376:
367:
359:
336:
323:
299:
293:
281:
271:
242:
226:
203:
192:
160:possess magical powers
5270:Oswald of Northumbria
4815:Constantine the Great
3643:The Dream of Rhonabwy
3636:Peredur son of Efrawg
3548:Four Branches of the
2482:. New York: Penguin.
2017:Winchester Manuscript
2015:Malory writes in the
1950:(Geneva: Droz, 1979).
1891:10.1353/art.2007.0018
1546:, London, 1850, p. 2.
1418:sparks, / Myriads of
1399:Alfred, Lord Tennyson
1188:("The Destruction of
1111:
1007:
878:The Dream of Rhonabwy
752:
736:Wulfstan of Worcester
6155:Geoffrey of Monmouth
5725:Seven-Branched Sword
5275:Oswiu of Northumbria
5100:Julius Asclepiodotus
5025:Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio
4900:Edwin of Northumbria
4825:Constantine (Briton)
4695:Budic II of Brittany
4670:Bledric ap Custennin
4595:Ambrosius Aurelianus
4470:Geoffrey of Monmouth
3650:Geraint son of Erbin
3560:Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed
3090:Lynette and Lyonesse
2915:Angharad Golden-Hand
2737:Ambrosius Aurelianus
2531:. New York: Garland.
1527:L'Estoire des Engles
1317:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
1305:Richard I of England
1295:Excalibur as a relic
1116:'s illustration for
1012:'s illustration for
698:c. 1200 French poem
679:'s illustration for
277:Geoffrey of Monmouth
30:For other uses, see
6160:Mythological swords
5901:Gan Jiang and Mo Ye
5831:Sword of Stalingrad
5501:Battle of Arfderydd
5380:Silvius (mythology)
5080:Ingenius of Britain
4965:Gogmagog (folklore)
4835:Cordelia of Britain
4830:Constantius Chlorus
4720:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
4418:Cauldron of rebirth
3924:Goreu fab Custennin
3909:Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr
1727:, v. 13295, p. 213
1670:, ed. (1836–1838).
853:Merlin Continuation
821:Merlin Continuation
464:Estoire des Engleis
427:) had not yet been
179:Forms and etymology
63:Excalibur the Sword
5941:Totsuka-no-Tsurugi
5480:Œthelwald of Deira
5470:Æthelberht of Kent
5460:Wulfhere of Mercia
5400:Son of Gorbonianus
5305:Pir of the Britons
5255:Nennius of Britain
4990:Gracianus Municeps
4880:Dunvallo Molmutius
4685:Brutus Greenshield
4487:Prophetiae Merlini
3834:Cymidei Cymeinfoll
3729:Afaon fab Taliesin
3708:Lludd and Llefelys
3696:Englynion y Beddau
3574:Manawydan fab Llŷr
3567:Branwen ferch Llŷr
3479:History portal
3467:England portal
3435:Tristan and Iseult
3430:Knight of the Swan
3030:Guiron le Courtois
2990:Elaine of Corbenic
2920:Anguish of Ireland
2503:. Stroud: Tempus.
2500:Concepts of Arthur
2497:Green, T. (2007).
2278:Warren, Michelle.
2235:O'Rahilly, T. F.
1719:, v. 11938, p. 155
1408:Idylls of the King
1380:by British author
1263:and a spear named
1204:, draws the sword
1126:
1079:Florambel de Lucea
1020:
978:, a derivative of
928:Chrétien de Troyes
813:Post-Vulgate Cycle
765:
127:Proof of Arthur's
6122:
6121:
6111:
6110:
6098:Sword of Damocles
5906:Kris Mpu Gandring
5896:Cura Si Manjakini
5859:
5858:
5766:Ballinderry Sword
5730:Sugari no Ontachi
5662:
5661:
5560:Matter of Britain
5522:Brut y Tywysogion
5516:Battle of Guoloph
5511:Battle of Camlann
5375:Septimius Severus
5340:Regan (King Lear)
5210:Marius of Britain
5160:Lucius of Britain
5050:Hengist and Horsa
4585:Alhfrith of Deira
4539:Brut y Brenhinedd
4436:
4435:
3879:Elffin ap Gwyddno
3717:
3716:
3601:Culhwch and Olwen
3581:Math fab Mathonwy
3487:
3486:
3400:Battle of Camlann
3174:Animal characters
3130:Percival's sister
2980:Elaine of Astolat
2636:Matter of Britain
2573:Lacy, N. J (ed).
2550:Le Morte D'Arthur
2510:978-0-7524-4461-1
2337:. Boydell Press.
1703:, v. 10323, p. 88
1695:. v. 9514, p. 51
1464:, pp. 64–65.
1386:Disney adaptation
1301:Glastonbury Abbey
1269:Culhwch and Olwen
1118:Alfred W. Pollard
1024:Le Morte d'Arthur
869:Culhwch and Olwen
849:Le Morte d'Arthur
802:in the chronicle
762:Battle of Camlann
723:Le Morte d'Arthur
696:Robert de Boron's
380:, from the Greek
259:Culhwch and Olwen
145:
144:
48:Matter of Britain
16:(Redirected from
6177:
6150:Fictional swords
6135:Arthurian legend
5916:Kris Taming Sari
5911:Kris Setan Kober
5881:
5867:
5745:Sword of Victory
5735:Sword of Goujian
5720:Preah Khan Reach
5710:
5689:
5682:
5675:
5666:
5653:Wikisource texts
5650:
5638:
5637:
5622:Walter of Oxford
5360:Rud Hud Hudibras
5335:Redon of Britain
5095:Julius and Aaron
5040:Helena (empress)
5015:Gurguit Barbtruc
4640:Aurelius Conanus
4463:
4456:
4449:
4440:
4340:Cantre'r Gwaelod
3949:Gwyddno Garanhir
3629:Geraint and Enid
3544:
3521:Celtic mythology
3514:
3507:
3500:
3491:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3455:Wales portal
3453:
3452:
3451:
3314:Esplumoir Merlin
3120:Nine sorceresses
3100:Mark of Cornwall
2985:Elaine of Benoic
2897:Other characters
2782:Bors the Younger
2677:Elaine of Garlot
2625:
2618:
2611:
2602:
2562:
2553:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2493:
2481:
2470:
2455:
2443:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2289:
2283:
2276:
2270:
2262:
2256:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:. The Heroic Age
2163:
2157:
2156:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2050:
2045:Roach, William.
2043:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1770:
1764:
1736:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1677:
1673:Le roman de Brut
1664:
1658:
1657:
1629:
1618:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1547:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1428:
1395:
1389:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1208:out of the tree
1200:, whose father,
1178:Fergus mac Róich
1088:Tirant lo Blanch
1041:his final battle
1000:
993:
989:
983:
977:
967:
961:
945:
829:Lady of the Lake
815:variants of the
712:or true heir of
672:
660:Our Island Story
650:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
552:
546:
538:
530:
522:
516:
510:
504:
496:
495: 1150–1155
493:
489:
477:
467:
451:
445:
436:
426:
420:
407:
401:
398:
395:
391:
390:
385:
379:
370:
364:
352:
349:
341:
326:
320:
314:
302:
296:
286:
274:
268:
265:
255:
252:
249:
245:
239:
236:
233:
229:
219:
208:
197:
172:Lady of the Lake
168:Arthur's lineage
102:Lady of the Lake
60:
37:
21:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6165:Welsh mythology
6125:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6107:
6093:Sword of Attila
5950:
5875:
5868:
5855:
5846:Ulfberht swords
5791:Grunwald Swords
5754:
5699:
5693:
5663:
5658:
5626:
5506:Battle of Badon
5484:
5430:Uther Pendragon
5290:Penda of Mercia
5280:Owain mab Urien
5180:Maelgwn Gwynedd
5170:Lud son of Heli
5165:Lucius Tiberius
5145:Leir of Britain
5090:Jago of Britain
5035:Queen Gwendolen
4960:Goffar the Pict
4735:Capetus Silvius
4558:
4509:
4472:
4467:
4437:
4432:
4395:
4308:
4279:Llamhigyn y Dŵr
4187:Adar Llwch Gwin
4179:
4173:
3859:Dywel fab Erbin
3794:Caradog ap Bran
3713:
3655:
3608:Preiddeu Annwfn
3586:
3540:Texts and tales
3535:
3532:Welsh mythology
3524:
3518:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3439:
3405:Dolorous Stroke
3395:Battle of Badon
3383:
3355:
3349:Tintagel Castle
3304:Chapel perilous
3282:Val sans retour
3270:Glastonbury Tor
3246:
3205:
3169:
3020:Green Knight(s)
2945:Black Knight(s)
2930:Balin and Balan
2891:
2763:
2756:
2742:Uther Pendragon
2638:
2629:
2592:
2570:
2568:Further reading
2565:
2561:. Geneva: Droz.
2556:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2522:. London: Dent.
2517:
2511:
2496:
2490:
2473:
2458:
2452:
2435:
2406:Vinaver, Eugène
2397:
2392:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2259:
2247:
2243:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2027:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1737:
1733:
1687:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1632:
1630:
1621:
1604:
1600:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1396:
1392:
1384:as well as its
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1325:
1297:
1226:
1162:Welsh mythology
1106:
1104:Similar weapons
1101:
998:
991:
959:
861:
845:Salisbury Plain
758:Slaughterbridge
714:Uther Pendragon
692:
691:
690:
689:
688:
673:
665:
664:
651:
640:
635:
494:
454:Geoffrey Gaimar
399:
396:
393:
373:Classical Latin
350:
305:Rachel Bromwich
297:from the Irish
289:Irish mythology
266:
253:
250:
247:
237:
234:
231:
181:
84:Legendary sword
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6183:
6181:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6127:
6126:
6120:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6088:Sword of Freyr
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5977:Claíomh Solais
5974:
5969:
5964:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5887:
5885:
5878:
5870:
5869:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5816:Sword of Peter
5813:
5811:Sword of Islam
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5771:Blessed swords
5768:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5740:Sword of Osman
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5669:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5644:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5565:Molmutine Laws
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5530:
5525:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5370:Sawyl Penuchel
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5345:Rhydderch Hael
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5185:Magnus Maximus
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5060:Humber the Hun
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4805:Conan Meriadoc
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4760:Cassivellaunus
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4730:Cap of Britain
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4700:Cadfan ap Iago
4697:
4692:
4690:Brutus of Troy
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4482:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4443:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:Cross of Neith
4403:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4356:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:Gwragedd Annwn
4261:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4197:Aderyn y Corff
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4039:Madoc ap Uthyr
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:Iddog ap Mynio
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3555:
3553:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3457:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3242:Siege Perilous
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3196:Questing Beast
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3005:Fisher King(s)
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:Bors the Elder
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:Knights of the
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2590:External links
2588:
2587:
2586:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2554:
2546:Malory, Thomas
2542:
2533:
2524:
2520:The Mabinogion
2515:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2478:The Mabinogion
2471:
2456:
2450:
2433:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2377:
2370:
2350:
2343:
2323:
2321:, p. 136.
2311:
2304:
2284:
2271:
2257:
2241:
2228:
2215:
2206:
2199:
2179:
2158:
2151:
2131:
2124:
2104:
2097:
2088:Lancelot-Grail
2077:
2064:
2058:Loomis, R. S.
2051:
2038:
2025:
2008:
2006:, p. 184.
1996:
1980:
1964:
1952:
1939:
1932:
1912:
1865:
1854:
1841:
1832:
1825:
1805:
1792:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1659:
1619:
1598:
1575:
1566:
1548:
1544:Caxton Society
1531:
1518:
1514:MacKillop 1998
1506:
1504:, p. 271.
1491:
1478:
1476:, p. 156.
1466:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1390:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1321:
1296:
1293:
1225:
1222:
1194:Claíomh Solais
1170:Rhydderch Hael
1114:Arthur Rackham
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:Constantinople
948:Estoire Merlin
860:
857:
774:Lancelot-Grail
674:
667:
666:
652:
645:
644:
643:
642:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
415:text in which
220:), which is a
211:Middle Cornish
180:
177:
152:mythical sword
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
72:
71:
61:
53:
52:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6182:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6114:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5871:
5866:
5852:
5851:Wallace Sword
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5690:
5685:
5683:
5678:
5676:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5395:Sisillius III
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5250:Myrddin Wyllt
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5105:Julius Caesar
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4895:Edern ap Nudd
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:Roman de Brut
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4452:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4289:Plentyn Newid
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4192:Adar Rhiannon
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Macsen Wledig
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Hueil mab Caw
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Edern ap Nudd
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:Dylan ail Don
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3779:Bendigeidfran
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3458:
3456:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3372:List of works
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:Tegau Eurfron
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:Red Knight(s)
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Lady Bertilak
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Morgan le Fay
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2583:0-8153-2303-4
2580:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2489:0-14-044322-3
2485:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2451:9780708311271
2447:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2430:0-19-812346-9
2427:
2423:
2422:0-19-812345-0
2419:
2415:
2414:0-19-812344-2
2411:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2371:9780851157450
2367:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2344:9781843833406
2340:
2336:
2335:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2305:9781476639208
2301:
2298:. McFarland.
2297:
2296:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2202:
2200:9781783162437
2196:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2180:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2152:9781580444163
2148:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2125:9780892819706
2121:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2098:9781843842385
2094:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1933:9781591437581
1929:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1826:9781399084031
1822:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1422:-lights, and
1421:
1417:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:Morte Arthure
1221:
1219:
1218:Saint Galgano
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1066:Morte Arthure
1064:Alliterative
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:Morgan le Fay
1029:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
988:
982:
976:
971:
966:
957:
953:
950:, or Vulgate
949:
944:
939:
935:
934:
929:
924:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
885:
880:
879:
874:
870:
866:
858:
856:
854:
850:
846:
843:(or actually
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
788:
784:
780:
779:Vulgate Cycle
776:
775:
770:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
724:
719:
718:Thomas Malory
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
686:
682:
681:Henry Gilbert
678:
671:
662:
661:
656:
649:
637:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
559:
558:
551:
545:
544:
537:
536:
529:
528:
521:
515:
509:
503:
502:
488:
487:
486:Roman de Brut
481:
476:
471:
466:
465:
459:
455:
450:
444:
440:
435:
430:
425:
419:
414:
411:
406:
384:
378:
374:
369:
363:
362:
356:
345:
340:
339:
332:
330:
329:pan-Brittonic
325:
319:
313:
312:
306:
301:
295:
290:
285:
284:
278:
273:
261:
260:
251:breach, cleft
244:
228:
223:
218:
217:
212:
207:
206:
201:
196:
195:
190:
186:
178:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
141:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
73:
68:
64:
59:
54:
50:
49:
43:
38:
33:
19:
6004:(Caledfwlch)
6001:
5652:
5640:
5614:
5585:River Malvam
5532:
5527:
5520:
5390:Sisillius II
5260:Octa of Kent
5195:Queen Marcia
5190:Mandubracius
5065:Iago ap Beli
4551:
4544:
4537:
4531:
4522:
4515:Translations
4503:Vita Merlini
4501:
4493:
4485:
4414:(Caledfwlch)
4411:
4299:Twrch Trwyth
4207:Brenin Llwyd
4134:Saint Cyllin
3959:Gwyn ap Nudd
3829:Cyledr Wyllt
3706:
3694:
3687:
3682:Welsh Triads
3680:
3673:
3666:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3530:
3410:Loathly lady
3367:Bibliography
3216:
3201:Twrch Trwyth
2950:Blanchefleur
2574:
2558:
2549:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2499:
2477:
2466:
2460:
2439:
2401:
2380:
2360:
2353:
2333:
2326:
2314:
2294:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2265:
2260:
2253:The Guardian
2252:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2209:
2189:
2182:
2171:. Retrieved
2161:
2142:Prose Merlin
2141:
2134:
2114:
2107:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2011:
1999:
1983:
1967:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1922:
1915:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1835:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1795:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1744:
1734:
1679:
1672:
1662:
1645:
1641:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1588:
1578:
1569:
1559:
1551:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1509:
1486:
1485:Koch, John.
1481:
1469:
1412:
1406:
1393:
1375:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1313:Anglo-Norman
1298:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:Rhongomyniad
1258:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1185:
1181:
1174:Welsh Triads
1159:
1154:
1148:
1127:
1121:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1054:. The Prose
1051:
1049:
1023:
1021:
1013:
995:
969:
951:
947:
932:
925:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
897:
882:
876:
868:
864:
862:
852:
848:
836:
820:
816:
810:
805:Scalacronica
803:
782:
772:
768:
766:
754:Dozmary Pool
721:
699:
693:
684:
677:Walter Crane
658:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
556:
542:
534:
526:
500:
469:
439:Middle Welsh
360:
343:
333:
257:
215:
205:Kaledvoulc'h
204:
193:
184:
182:
147:
146:
129:divine right
62:
45:
6170:King Arthur
6058:Mistilteinn
5936:Thuận Thiên
5874:Mythical or
5750:Tenka-Goken
5605:Trinovantum
5455:Vortiporius
5410:Tasciovanus
5385:Sisillius I
5205:Marganus II
4980:Gorbonianus
4860:Saint David
4620:King Arthur
4575:Saint Alban
4553:Merlínússpá
4546:Breta sögur
4375:Caer Dathyl
4304:Tylwyth Teg
4178:Animals and
4139:Saint Eigen
4049:Mallt-y-Nos
3702:Giant tales
3319:Joyous Gard
3277:Brocéliande
3237:Round Table
3065:Leodegrance
3035:Gwenhwyfach
2764:Round Table
2662:Constantine
2632:King Arthur
2145:. ISD LLC.
1988:Malory 1997
1972:Malory 1997
1885:(3): 3–30.
1747:, pp. xvii–
1382:T. H. White
1287:, however,
1186:Togail Troi
1010:Howard Pyle
898:Geoffrey's
594:Escallibore
421:(Old Welsh
351: 1136
164:sovereignty
156:King Arthur
136:Affiliation
94:King Arthur
67:Howard Pyle
6129:Categories
6023:Hauteclere
5972:Carnwennan
5836:Szczerbiec
5705:Historical
5215:Mempricius
5020:Gurgustius
5010:Gurgintius
4870:Diocletian
4865:Digueillus
4850:Cunobeline
4845:Cunedagius
4650:Beldgabred
4625:Arvirargus
4600:Amphibalus
4580:Albanactus
4563:Characters
4530:Layamon's
4423:Llech Ronw
4217:Ceffyl Dŵr
4169:Ysbaddaden
4159:Tegid Foel
4109:Penpingion
3929:Gronw Pebr
3904:Gilfaethwy
3814:Creiddylad
3799:Caswallawn
3769:Blodeuwedd
3722:Characters
3675:Cad Goddeu
3222:Holy Grail
3191:Petitcrieu
2772:Bagdemagus
2173:2022-08-04
2004:Gantz 1987
1990:, p.
1974:, p.
1879:Arthuriana
1700:Callibourc
1634:Zimmer, H.
1474:Green 2007
1435:References
1261:Carnwennan
1254:King Rions
1210:Barnstokkr
1182:caladbuilc
1150:Perlesvaus
1146:Old French
1138:Holy Grail
1083:Esclariber
908:Caliburnus
884:Mabinogion
873:Llenlleawg
865:Caledfwlch
841:at Camlann
607:Calibourne
599:Calibourch
535:Callibourc
520:Calibuerne
508:Chaliburne
460:chronicle
458:Old French
405:Caliburnus
361:Caliburnus
324:Caledfwlch
311:Beunans Ke
294:Caledfwlch
194:Caledfwlch
6073:Précieuse
6048:Lævateinn
6043:Kladenets
6008:Fragarach
6002:Excalibur
5987:Dáinsleif
5967:Caladbolg
5876:legendary
5641:Wikiquote
5580:Riothamus
5528:Excalibur
5445:Vortigern
5440:Vespasian
5330:Redechius
5315:Porrex II
5300:Peredurus
5285:Pandrasus
5030:Gwenddydd
5005:Guithelin
5000:Guinevere
4995:Guiderius
4945:Fulgenius
4935:Eudaf Hen
4930:Estrildis
4925:Enniaunus
4785:Cledaucus
4755:Carausius
4750:Caradocus
4745:Caracalla
4715:Cadwaladr
4655:Beli Mawr
4610:Archgallo
4605:Andragius
4506:(c. 1150)
4498:(c. 1136)
4490:(c. 1135)
4412:Excalibur
4363:Aberffraw
4335:Caer Sidi
4313:Locations
4242:Cyhyraeth
4237:Cŵn Annwn
4232:Coraniaid
4180:creatures
4149:Seithenyn
4104:Penarddun
4064:Matholwch
4054:Manawydan
3969:Gwalchmei
3894:Euroswydd
3824:Cyhyraeth
3759:Beli Mawr
3744:Arianrhod
3592:Arthurian
3425:Pendragon
3217:Excalibur
3186:Gringolet
3160:Vortigern
3095:Maleagant
3070:Lohengrin
2965:Brunor(s)
2960:Brangaine
2882:Sagramore
2872:Pellinore
2862:Palamedes
2707:Guinevere
2702:Gingalain
2469:: 268–73.
1960:Lacy 1996
1907:162363447
1724:Chalabrun
1716:Escalibor
1502:Ford 1983
1440:Citations
1047:figure).
912:Excalibur
837:Mort Artu
825:Pellinore
783:Mort Artu
728:Londinium
627:Excalibur
623:Excalibor
619:Escalibur
615:Escaliber
603:Calibourn
588:Calliborc
582:Caliborne
564:Chalabrum
557:Escalibor
550:Chalabrun
514:Caliburne
456:, in his
413:Old Welsh
355:Latinised
300:Caladbolg
283:Caladbolg
185:Excalibur
183:The name
158:that may
148:Excalibur
40:Excalibur
6083:Skofnung
6063:Murgleys
6038:Hrunting
5992:Durendal
5946:Zulfiqar
5921:Kusanagi
5806:Legbiter
5695:Notable
5540:Lailoken
5450:Vortimer
5405:Taliesin
5310:Porrex I
5245:Morvidus
5240:Morgause
5220:Merianus
5200:Marganus
5155:King Lot
5150:Locrinus
5125:Kinarius
5120:Kimarcus
4975:Gorboduc
4955:Gerennus
4915:Elidurus
4885:Ebraucus
4875:Dionotus
4840:Corineus
4795:Coel Hen
4790:Clotenus
4780:Claudius
4770:Catigern
4765:Catellus
4680:Brennius
4645:Bedivere
4630:Ascanius
4615:Archmail
4590:Allectus
4329:Celliwig
4325:Cornwall
4274:Gwyllion
4247:Dreigiau
4154:Taliesin
4129:Rhiannon
4009:Llefelys
3989:Hychddwn
3919:Gofannon
3869:Efnysien
3804:Ceridwen
3764:Bleiddwn
3754:Afallach
3734:Amaethon
3668:Taliesin
3550:Mabinogi
3360:In media
3344:Tintagel
3334:Lyonesse
3309:Corbenic
3299:Celliwig
3289:Caerleon
3150:Taliesin
3105:Meliodas
3040:Hellawes
3000:Feirefiz
2970:Catigern
2910:Agrestes
2877:Percival
2842:Lancelot
2822:Galehaut
2777:Bedivere
2732:Morgause
2652:Agravain
2634:and the
2548:(1997).
1899:27870843
1787:20698018
1708:Calabrun
1692:Calabrum
1654:40612250
1636:(1890).
1595:v. 8735n
1403:Romantic
1323:See also
1277:Historia
1250:Hercules
1234:Lancelot
1142:Lancelot
1052:Lancelot
1028:scabbard
975:aciarium
933:Perceval
900:Historia
893:chimeras
819:and the
796:Bedivere
611:Caliburc
576:Callibor
570:Calibore
543:Calabrun
527:Calabrum
501:Caliburn
470:Caliburc
318:Calesvol
222:compound
216:Calesvol
124:Function
110:Bedivere
6103:Tyrfing
6068:Nægling
5997:Dyrnwyn
5982:Clarent
5955:Western
5926:Nandaka
5884:Eastern
5796:Joyeuse
5781:Curtana
5759:Western
5713:Eastern
5575:Pridwen
5570:Nennius
5435:Venissa
5425:Urianus
5415:Trahern
5355:Rivallo
5295:Peredur
5235:Mordred
5135:Lavinia
5130:Latinus
5115:Keredic
5110:Sir Kay
5085:Innogen
5075:Igraine
5070:Idvallo
5045:Helenus
4985:Gorlois
4970:Goneril
4675:Bledudo
4660:Belinus
4390:Ludgate
4381:Ireland
4371:Ardudwy
4359:Gwynedd
4349:Arberth
4284:Morgens
4269:Gwyllgi
4164:Teyrnon
4144:Sanddef
4119:Pryderi
4114:Peredur
4089:Myrddin
4084:Morfran
4079:Morfydd
3979:Hefeydd
3964:Gwythyr
3954:Gwydion
3899:Geraint
3884:Eliwlod
3849:Drudwas
3819:Culhwch
3784:Branwen
3294:Camelot
3260:Astolat
3232:Prydwen
3227:Pridwen
3210:Objects
3115:Nentres
3060:Laudine
3045:Hengist
3025:Guiomar
3015:Gorlois
2975:Claudas
2925:Annowre
2905:Accolon
2887:Tristan
2867:Pelleas
2857:Moriaen
2837:Lamorak
2832:Griflet
2827:Geraint
2817:Galahad
2812:Dinadan
2802:Dagonet
2797:Caradoc
2722:Mordred
2712:Igraine
2687:Gaheris
2667:Culhwch
2395:Sources
1648:: 236.
1424:jacinth
1416:diamond
1289:Prydwen
1285:Culhwch
1281:Pridwen
1273:Culhwch
1202:Sigmund
1134:Galahad
1130:Camelot
1075:Mordred
1037:Accolon
987:chalybs
787:Griflet
553:, and
478:"). In
429:lenited
383:chályps
377:chalybs
150:is the
114:Griflet
51:element
6078:Riðill
6053:Mimung
6033:Hrotti
5962:Almace
5841:Tizona
5801:Lobera
5776:Colada
5697:swords
5555:Logres
5496:Avalon
5489:Topics
5420:Turnus
5350:Rience
5230:Millus
5225:Merlin
5175:Maddan
4950:Gawain
4940:Ferrex
4890:Edadus
4855:Danius
4800:Coilus
4775:Cherin
4740:Capoir
4665:Bladud
4570:Aeneas
4386:London
4353:Gwales
4227:Coblyn
4094:Nisien
4074:Modron
3994:Hyddwn
3974:Hafgan
3944:Gwrhyr
3914:Goewin
3889:Eufydd
3774:Bedwyr
3749:Arthur
3615:Pa gur
3523:series
3388:Topics
3377:comics
3339:Sarras
3329:Logres
3265:Avalon
3252:Places
3181:Cavall
3145:Sebile
3140:Rience
3110:Merlin
3085:Lunete
3080:Lucius
3050:Iseult
2852:Lionel
2847:Lanval
2807:Daniel
2792:Cligès
2787:Brunor
2697:Gawain
2692:Gareth
2644:Family
2581:
2507:
2486:
2448:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2368:
2341:
2302:
2197:
2149:
2122:
2095:
1930:
1905:
1897:
1823:
1785:
1652:
1246:Merlin
1238:Secace
1198:Sigurd
1155:Merlin
1124:(1917)
1060:Lucius
1056:Merlin
1018:(1903)
970:achier
956:Hebrew
952:Merlin
938:Gawain
920:Merlin
916:Merlin
904:Avalon
817:Merlin
792:Morgan
769:Merlin
732:Logres
716:. (As
706:Merlin
701:Merlin
687:(1911)
633:Legend
368:calibs
240:, and
200:Breton
140:Avalon
118:Gawain
106:Morgan
98:Merlin
90:Owners
69:(1903)
6028:Hǫfuð
6018:Harpe
5465:Ywain
5265:Oenus
4920:Eliud
4905:Eldol
4710:Cador
4705:Cadoc
4478:Works
4400:Items
4367:Arfon
4345:Dyfed
4320:Annwn
4257:White
4222:Cewri
4202:Afanc
4124:Pwyll
4099:Olwen
4034:Mabon
4029:Llwyd
4024:Lludd
4004:Idris
3939:Gwern
3934:Gwawl
3839:Cynon
3809:Cigfa
3739:Arawn
3660:Other
3165:Yniol
3125:Olwen
3010:Garel
2995:Enide
2752:Yvain
2747:Urien
2672:Ector
2657:Cador
1903:S2CID
1895:JSTOR
1783:JSTOR
1743:Tome
1684:index
1650:JSTOR
1555:">
1420:topaz
1335:Notes
1283:; in
1242:Seure
1045:Mabon
981:acies
867:. In
833:Balin
800:Yvain
740:Ector
449:uwlch
443:vwlch
434:fwlch
418:bwlch
397:steel
389:χάλυψ
243:bwlch
227:caled
189:Welsh
6013:Gram
5365:Runo
5140:Leil
5055:Hoel
4532:Brut
4294:Pwca
4069:Menw
4059:Math
4019:Llŷr
4014:Lleu
3874:Elen
2682:Hoel
2579:ISBN
2505:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2404:Ed.
2366:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2300:ISBN
2195:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2120:ISBN
2093:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1775:Text
1214:Odin
1206:Gram
1190:Troy
1001:").
962:" ("
798:(or
480:Wace
472:" ("
424:bulc
410:lost
272:Brut
235:hard
80:Type
46:the
5891:Asi
4252:Red
3844:Dôn
3789:Cai
3075:Lot
2935:Ban
2717:Kay
2019:: "
1887:doi
1411:: "
1240:or
1160:In
1120:'s
926:In
744:Kay
683:'s
657:'s
523:),
482:'s
452:).
446:or
431:to
392:),
371:of
353:),
224:of
154:of
65:by
6131::
4373:,
4369:,
4365:,
4351:,
2467:30
2465:.
2424:,
2416:,
2251:.
1992:46
1901:.
1893:.
1883:17
1881:.
1877:.
1777:.
1741:,
1678:,
1646:12
1644:.
1640:.
1622:^
1587:.
1542:,
1494:^
1448:^
1319:.
629:.
621:,
617:,
613:,
609:,
605:,
601:,
591:,
585:,
579:,
573:,
567:,
547:,
539:,
531:,
517:,
511:,
492:c.
348:c.
346:,
264:c.
246:,
230:,
209:,
116:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
100:,
96:,
5688:e
5681:t
5674:v
4462:e
4455:t
4448:v
4392:)
4388:(
4377:)
4361:(
4355:)
4347:(
4331:)
4327:(
3513:e
3506:t
3499:v
2624:e
2617:t
2610:v
2585:.
2513:.
2492:.
2454:.
2432:.
2203:.
2176:.
2023:"
1994:.
1978:.
1976:7
1962:.
1936:.
1909:.
1889::
1789:.
1779:9
1745:1
1680:2
1656:.
1615:P
1611:D
1607:N
1388:.
999:'
994:'
992:"
960:'
505:(
490:(
437:(
400:'
394:'
386:(
342:(
262:(
254:'
248:'
238:'
232:'
198:(
34:.
20:)
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