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His most celebrated work in research was conducted at
University College's incipient Department of Physiology. He established the minimal ionic composition (simple chloride salts of sodium, potassium and calcium) of a physiological saline. His demonstration of the necessity for extracellular calcium
112:. His gravestone and some other records report 1835 for his birth, some census records and other documents suggest 1836, but his baptismal record at St Mary's Baptist Chapel (referred to in Ringer's own will) confirms this was 1835.
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in 1885. At UCH throughout his career, he served successively as
Professor of Materia Medica (1862-78), the Principles & Practice of Medicine (1878-87) and as the Holme Professor of Clinical Medicine from 1887 to 1900.
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to sustain cardiac muscle contraction in the spontaneously beating frog heart was the first to reveal the physiological importance of calcium subsequently discovered for many cellular processes (see e.g.
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Before starting at medical school, Ringer worked for a year, from
September 1853, at the Norfolk & Norwich hospital under the surgeon, B H Norgate (who had signed his father's death certificate).
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before starting his professional career there. By 1866, Ringer had been promoted to full physician. From 1865 to 1869, Ringer also served as
Assistant Physician at the
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of which there followed many derivatives, modified to suit different species and experimental conditions. Clinically important derivatives include
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542:) Ringer 1835-1910: Some account of the Fundamental Discoveries of the Great Pioneer of the Bio-Chemistry of Crystallo-colloids in Living Cells"
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96:(March 1835 – 14 October 1910) was a British clinician, physiologist and pharmacologist, best known for inventing
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Sternbach, George (1988). "Sydney Ringer: Water supplied by the new river water company".
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A Solution for the Heart: a brief biography of
Professor Sydney Ringer MD FRS (1835-1910)
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Ringer's early education was at a
Baptist school in Norwich founded by the father of
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663:
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Ellis, Harold (2010). "Sydney Ringer: Physician, physiologist and pharmacologist".
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147:. A significant teacher was JS Brewer's son, the hugely successful author Revd Dr
139:, later a notable architectural illustrator, as well as the orientalist Professor
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492:"Sydney Ringer; physiological saline, calcium and the contraction of the heart"
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For his university education, as a non-conformist, Ringer studied
Medicine at
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367:"William DeWolf Obituary (2021) - Southborough, MA - MetroWest Daily News"
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Born into a non-conformist family (often, but incorrectly described as '
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320:"Plaque to Be Unveiled in London to Celebrate Professor Sydney Ringer"
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from 1854 and graduated in 1860. During this time, Ringer trained at
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254:"A brief biography of Professor Sydney Ringer MD FRS (1835–1910)"
18:
449:"Sydney Ringer (1834?1910) and Alexis Hartmann (1898?1964)"
629:"Sydney Ringer (1835-1910) Clinician and Pharmacologist".
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In 2007 (revised 2014, 2020) a brief biography of Ringer:
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During his academic career, Ringer became a Fellow of the
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Jr. His school fellows included the headmaster's grandson
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JAMA: The
Journal of the American Medical Association
360:(William C. DeWolf, MD, was the chief of urology at
104:, England and died following a stroke in 1910 in
342:DeWolf, WC (1977). "Sydney Ringer (1835–1910)".
414:"Sydney Ringer, calcium, and cardiac function"
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424:(4). American Heart Association: 849–53.
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220:, of which Ringer was an early member. A
173:(1869) eventually went into 14 editions.
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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32:This article includes a list of general
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16:British medical researcher (1835–1910)
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7:
652:British Journal of Hospital Medicine
197:). This work provided the basis of
466:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08698.x
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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294:"Sydney Ringer | RCP Museum"
643:10.1001/jama.1968.03150110063015
624:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
620:Dictionary of National Biography
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664:10.12968/hmed.2010.71.11.79664
362:Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital
216:by DJ Miller was published by
1:
597:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)52779-2
382:Journal of Emergency Medicine
699:Fellows of the Royal Society
508:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.060731
394:10.1016/0736-4679(88)90254-5
167:Great Ormond Street Hospital
694:British medical researchers
224:to Ringer was unveiled at
178:Royal College of Physicians
163:University College Hospital
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275:"The Late Mr H W Brewer".
180:in 1870 and Fellow of the
591:(4549): 1386–1387. 1910.
496:The Journal of Physiology
364:for more than 35 years.)
324:The Physiological Society
261:The Physiological Society
226:University College London
218:The Physiological Society
159:University College London
100:. He was born in 1835 in
328:(published news article)
265:(28 page booklet as pdf)
171:Handbook of Therapeutics
689:English pharmacologists
605:Rolleston, Humphry Davy
447:Lee, J. Alfred (1981).
431:10.1161/01.CIR.69.4.849
53:more precise citations.
610:"Ringer, Sydney"
538:"In Memory of Sidney (
490:Miller, D. J. (2004).
149:Ebenezer Cobham Brewer
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344:Investigative Urology
141:Robert Lubbock Bensly
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137:Henry William Brewer
546:Biochemical Journal
207:Hartmann's solution
133:John Sherren Brewer
637:(11): 2515. 1968.
279:. 24 October 1903.
195:Calcium in biology
191:Calcium metabolism
169:for Children. His
143:and the architect
110:Yorkshire, England
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558:10.1042/bj005000i
552:(6–7): i.b3–xix.
252:Miller, David J.
199:Ringer's solution
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709:1910 deaths
704:1835 births
658:(11): 645.
615:Lee, Sidney
453:Anaesthesia
418:Circulation
388:(1): 71–4.
222:Blue Plaque
51:introducing
683:Categories
585:The Lancet
372:Legacy.com
232:References
106:Lastingham
34:references
672:21063259
607:(1912).
576:16742174
536:(1911).
526:14742734
483:39014132
412:(1984).
410:Fye, W B
59:May 2019
617:(ed.).
567:1276368
517:1664856
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440:6365353
402:3283218
336:Sources
126:Norwich
102:Norwich
47:improve
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124:') in
122:Quaker
36:, but
613:. In
479:S2CID
257:(PDF)
668:PMID
572:PMID
522:PMID
471:PMID
436:PMID
398:PMID
352:PMID
116:Life
660:doi
639:doi
635:206
593:doi
589:176
562:PMC
554:doi
540:sic
512:PMC
504:doi
500:555
461:doi
426:doi
390:doi
94:FRS
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
